Photo by Monje THE HARBOR AND TOWN OF VIGO, SPAIN

MAY, 1924 ^II11111111111111111111111 n 1111111111111111111111n111111111111111111ii111H1111iii■i■i■1111111■111n11111n n i!n 1111111111111111! 1111111111 n

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CONSUL; LLETIN

PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE AMERICAN CONSULAR ASSOCIATION

VOL. VI. No. 5 WASHINGTON, D. C. MAY, I 924 A Contrast in Light and Shade

By FRANK P. S. GLASSEY, Helsingfors ASNOW-covered city, muffled by a white may be thawed out before a cheery wood fire in cloak and shivering under a lowering a beneficent Finnish tile stove. gray sky—such is Helsingfors on almost Even the broad esplanade is almost empty, any January day. and the only sounds to echo through the sharp A city of darkness and brooding twilight, air are the bright tinkle of the bells on a where the sun rises hesitatingly at 9 o’clock and droshky as it glides smoothly and rapidly over the then follows a quick course, always near the snow, or the deep guttural warning affected by horizon, until it sinks rapidly again in mid-after¬ the driver as his horse makes a sharp turn at noon, as if eager to be on its way to a more some corner. hospitable land. The droshkies themselves, reminiscent of Rus¬ With the few daylight hours usually veiled by sia, still strike the most picturesque note in the life of Helsingfors. This old method of trans¬ heavy clouds, electric lights burn overtime in portation by sleigh has successfully battled offices and homes. Finland in winter does not against the competition of the taxicab, and present a smiling face to the casual traveler and every American who visits Finland wishes he although its capital is located on the southern could take back to the States just one such shore of the country its residents pass a long vehicle with its sturdy horse, high-curved col¬ and dreary period, from December until April, lar, and stout befurred driver, and place the in surroundings popularized in fiction under the combination at the corner of 42nd Street and all-inclusive and descriptive caption of “the Broadway some wintry morning! frozen North.” Although the Helsingfors winter is milder The city seems to be sleeping, even during the than one might imagine from its situation as busiest hours of the day. Early in January the the northernmost capital in the world, the city wide harbor is frozen over and the last vessel nevertheless has an abundant share of snow, of the season scurries out in the trail of an ice¬ particularly during the first three months of the breaker, fretful of delays and anxious once more year, when hardly a day does not witness a for the open sea, safe from the danger of spend¬ further fall of white flakes. ing several inactive months in the tightly-locked A street-cleaning system which is a marvel of embrace of an icy gulf. efficiency and speed copes with this situation. The streets of the city itself are but sparsely Every person owning a home, apartment or populated, and that only by a hurrying few in¬ office building is responsible not only for the tent on reaching a warm home where fur coats cleanliness of the sidewalk in front of his prop¬ and caps may be laid aside and chilled hands erty but also for the removal of the snow from 1S7 ERIC AN (^ONSULA^ jyilXEXrNT

that part of the street on which his building snow-coated ice of the harbors to the islands fronts. that fringe the city in every direction. Every property owner may either engage pri¬ Occasionally in large parties, but more often vate firms to keep clean his portion of public in couples or alone—everyone is skiing. Girls thoroughfare or may pay to the municipal in flamboyant sports costumes, men in sweaters authorities a fixed annual sum, thus shifting the and knickerbockers—all push along. You may entire responsibility to the shoulders of the follow one crowd to a hill, where you can wit¬ city street cleaning department. ness marvellous and hair-raising jumps, and Law violation in this respect is almost un¬ equally thrilling falls, as some unhappy individ¬ known. An hour after a heavy snowfall a force ual turns over and over and, if he does not con¬ of men and women is at work on every street, clude his journey by forcible contact with tree rapidly shoveling the or rock, finally appears snow into box-like upright again on the sleighs, which are then two wooden runners. driven to the harbor, Probably he will re¬ their load is dumped peat the experiment and they return for a until he meets with suc¬ further supply. cess. For skiing is a In addition to the serious sport, not to be method mentioned, a taken frivolously, but far more interesting always demanding a and unique plan of full measure of devo¬ snow removal is fol¬ tion from its disciple. lowed. On the more What baseball is to important streets the America, skiing is to snow is literally burnt, Finland. or melted, by machines It is not, of course, which originated in the only winter sport, Finland and which have although the dominant since found a market one. They skate on the in other countries. large public rinks in These machines are the harbor, they have fired with logs while spirited ice-hockey con¬ three men shovel the tests, they even stage snow into a large hop¬ automobile races on the per and as fast as the ice—and these, it may snow is offered to the be remarked, are as huge maw it melts and productive of thrills as the water runs through even the most blase de¬ an outlet into the gut¬ votee of sport could ter and down a drain. desire. In the evenings Although the contrivance is no novelty in Finland, the restaurants with dancing, the opera and the its operation is always followed with the keenest movies all draw an appreciable patronage from interest by several curious bystanders. Human the city’s population. But skiing is still unthreat¬ nature once more shows its omnipotent desire ened by any formidable competitor and one feels for amusement and the apparently simple that winter is ushered out as it was escorted in— method of melting a large mass of snow is by a throng whose banner bears two crossed skiis always sufficient to attract a few admirers. rampant on a field of snow. Helsingfors in winter is for the most part The transition from winter to spring, and silent and subdued, white and ghostlike, austere from spring to summer, is something startling and forbidding; yet it has its moments of relax¬ to an outlander, for a new world seems to be ation. created under his eyes almost overnight. He On Sundays, particularly, one emerges from has welcomed the first warm days of early April, his home to find a world on skiis. Man has watched with a feverish joy the melting of the abandoned the stiff and formal walk to glide, snow, and has developed a somewhat fiendish generally grimly intent on progress, over the obsession that makes him count every trickling 158 Iff AMERICAN rOWSULAIL RULLETIN stream which forecasts the dis¬ appearance of the crust of ice from street and sidewalk. And then it has snowed again, and the thought of spring dwindles to a forlorn hope. In a like manner, the rapid lengthening of the days loses much of its meaning, for there is still a sharp tang to the air morn¬ ing and evening. Yet this con¬ stant flood of light, prolonged through the greater part of every twenty-four hours, has an un¬ canny effect upon the trees, grass and foliage. For one night, after watching the sun set about 8 o’clock, you will go to bed longing for a cli¬ ‘IF WINTER COMES ...” mate that would afford a relief from a continually gaunt, dreary and bleak out¬ sembling the old Victoria. One feels that in look. And you will awake to find that spring has order to make a proper journey in this vehicle arrived unheralded; that the trees show a tinge of cheering crowds should line the streets and green and that the grass is actually prying its way force a dignified rider to bow at intervals of through the blanket of snow. Patches of warm some seconds. earth appear in the parks, a few venturesome The ice pack in the harbor finally disappears individuals ride to their work on bicycles, the altogether, the first vessel of the year steams ice in the harbor loses its steadfast aspect, office in, and Finland’s short spring gives way to managers order the removal of double windows summer. A cool summer, it is true, and often —spring has come to Finland. a rainy one; but summer for all that, with end¬ Within the next few days all the outposts of less outdoor life, endless daylight and endless winter make an inglorious retreat. The cobbled merrymaking. streets gleam naked under the sun’s rays and Probably no activity in Helsingfors is more the droshky drivers consign their sleighs to interesting to the summer visitor than the open- storage and appear, jauntily flourishing their air market every morning on the broad square whips, in high-wheeled carriages strangely re¬ near the south harbor. Daily, before the aver¬ age city dweller is awake, the peasants drive in their native carts from the nearby country with fruit, vegetables, meat and fish, flowers, dry-goods, house¬ hold utensils, and every other conceivable article of domestic commerce. These peasants, chiefly women, rapidly set up. small booths or stalls in the places assigned them by the- police and for four hours they ply a busy and extensive trade with the city housewives, who. usually come to purchase vege¬ tables and meat and depart with the inevitable armful of flowers as well. Meanwhile other vendors whoi . . . CAN SPRING BE FAR BEHIND?” (Continued on page 182) 159 W.

SANGER’S.

LAST TOUR IN AMERICA. 3 CIRCUSES IN 3 RINGS.YVc> 2 MENAGERIES IN 2 TENTS. \1 VISITS EUROPE NEXT YEAR. 1 MUSEUM OF LIVING CURIOSITIES. '■ DAILY EXPENSES, S 4,800°-° 1 HIPPODROME WITH ^2 MILE TRACK. REPRESENTING $3,000,000°° PERMHIINTAQDEESS,BRIDGEPORT,COM. 7 UNITED MONSTER SHOWS 7

M.F.YOUNG.TREAS. BEN.FISH,SECTY. ^^

DID BARNUM BELIEVE IT THEN? (iOriginal letter in files of Tampico Consulate submitted by James B. Stewart) Bridgeport, Conn., August 9th, 1882. U. S. America. Augustus J. Cassard, U. S. Consul, Tampico, Mexico. Dear Sir: I desire to carry out as far as possible an idea I have long enter¬ tained, of forming a collection, in pairs or otherwise, of all the uncivil¬ ized races in existence, and my present object is to ask you kindly to render me what assistance is in your power to acquire any specimens of these uncivilized peoples. My aim is to exhibit to the American public, not only human beings of different races, but also when practicable, those who possess extraord¬ inary peculiarities, such as giants, dwarfs, singular disfigurements dexterity in the use of weapons, dancing, singing, juggling, unusual strength or agility & etc. With this object in view I should be glad to receive from you descrip¬ tions of as many of such specimen as you could obtain and photographs as far as possible, even if it is necessary to send an agent into the interior for the purpose. The remuneration of these people in addition to their board and traveling expense is usually nominal, I shall see that they are presented with fancy articles such as are always acceptable and small allowance monthly. If in any case a group of 3 to 6 or even 10 would be especially novel, I should probably take them but I must study economy inasmuch as I propose to add this "Congress of Nations" to the other attractions of our great show without extra charge. If interpreters should be absolutely necessary please inform me what would be the cost, which must be moderate. For yourself I should be glad to reimburse you for any proper outlay, and to give you a reasonable compensation for the trouble which you may take in this matter. If necessary I might send a special agent to your country for any specimens which you may bring under my notice, provided they appear to me to warrant such an additional outlay. If you should meet with any living animals, or reptiles, freaks of nature or in any sense rare or unusual, I should be glad to receive and to refund to you the cost of a photograph and full description of the same, but inanimate objects I do not desire. As it is my wish to get at least a portiom of this collection together by January or February 1883, I will thank you kindly to favor me with as early a reply as convenient. Yours faithfully, P. T. BARNUM. 160 New American Consulate At Bordeaux By LUCIEN MEMMINGER, Bordeaux The American Consulate at Bordeaux, , has recently been moved to new quarters at No. 27 Cours du Pave des Chartrons in a handsome building in the business district near the port. In the photograph the consular seal and flag show the position of the consular offices, which occupy the entire first floor with balcony. Old records of the Consulate at Bordeaux which recently have been inventoried show that this office is one of the oldest in the service. The first consular representative of the United States here was Mr. Joseph Fenwick who came in 1790. In December, 1798, Mr. Isaac Cox Barnet, who in the preceding year had received from President Washington a commission as Consul at Brest, was authorized to include Bordeaux within his d.strict and to move his headquarters there, which he accordingly did. The ports of Brest and Havre were within his jurisdiction as well as Bordeaux. Mr. Barnett was succeeded in 1801 by William Lee of Massachusetts, whose title was Commer¬ cial Agent of the United States, and a copy of whose exequatur signed by Napoleon Bonaparte as First Consul is in the Consulate’s files. During 1815-1818 Mr. John Peters was in charge as Chancellor, but officers who succeeded him had the title of Consuls. The importance of the American merchant marine in sailing ship days is shown by the early records of the Consulate, book after book being filled with records of arrivals of American vessels, masters’ protests, and similar entries indicating that American cl'pper ships then had a large share in the carrying trade of the world. 161 Cooperation In Preparation Of Reports

Establishment Of System For Fixing Credit Due For Material Contributed By One Officer And Utilized By Another THE President has signed a most important they will meet in conference at least fortnightly under Executive Order. It deals with a system such arrangements as may be made by the chief diplo¬ matic officer or, at posts where there is no diplomatic of cooperation among the various represen¬ officer, by the ranking consular or other officer. tatives of the United States Government abroad It shall be the purpose of such conferences to secure a and is destined to have a wide influence in that free interchange of all information bear.ng upon the field. Following the Executive Order the promotion and protection of American interests. It shall be the duty of all officers to furnish in the Department of State and the Department of most expeditious manner, without further reference, all Commerce have agreed upon an identic instruc¬ econom.c and trade information requested by the ranking tion prescribing a definite plan for giving due officers in the service of other departments of the Gov¬ credit in all cases where the material supplied ernment assigned to the same territory; Provided, That where such compliance would be incompatible w.th the by one officer is utilized by another. Taken to¬ public interest or where the collection of such information gether these two documents reduce cooperation requires research of such exhaustive character that the to a practical basis and greatly clarify the question of interference with regular duties arises, de¬ atmosphere as to the procedure to be followed. cision as to compliance shall be referred to the chief diplomatic officer or to his designated representative or, It will be noted that Section 2(d) of the in the absence of such officers, to the supervis ng con¬ Winslow Bill as printed in the April BULLETIN sular officer in the said jurisdiction. All failures to purported to confer upon the representatives of provide information requested as hereinbefore set forth the Department of Commerce directing authority shall be reported immediately by cable to the departments hav.ng jurisdiction over the officers concerned. over the representatives of other departments With a view to eliminating unnecessary duplication of with respect to economic matters. The Executive work, officers in the same jurisdiction shall exchange at Order is therefore, in effect, a modification of least fortnightly a complete inventory of all economic Section 2(d) of the Winslow Bill. and trade reports in preparation or in contemplation. Copies of all economic and trade reports prepared by The arrangement is understood to be the out¬ consular or other foreign representatives shall be filed come of a series of conferences between repre¬ in the appropriate embassy or legation of the United sentatives of the Department of State, headed by States or, where no such office exists, in the consulate Mr. Carr, and the Department of Commerce, general and shall be available to the ranking foreign representatives of all departments of the Government. headed by Dr. Klein, under the auspices of Extra copies shall be supplied upon request by the officer Chairman Winslow of the Committee on Inter¬ making the report. state and Foreign Commerce, together with The customary channel of communication between consular officers and officers of other departments in the further conferences among the various other foreign field shall be through the supervising consul departments having representatives abroad. It is general, but in urgent cases or those involving minor viewed in Washington as a rainbow of promise transactions such communications may be made direct; for future inter-departmental relations and par¬ Provided, That copies of all written communications thereof are simultaneously furnished to the consul general ticularly respecting the work of their agents in for his information. It shall be the duty of supervising the field. In these days of important events when consuls general to expedite intercommunication and ex¬ far-reaching reforms are impending the BULLETIN change of material between the consular service and all deems it of great interest to the service to publish other foreign representatives of the United States. Upon the arrival of a representative of any department the text of these documents. of the Government of the United States in any foreign territory in which there is an embassy, legation or con¬ EXECUTIVE ORDER sulate general, for the purpose of special investigation, he shall at once notify the head of the diplomatic mission The following regulations are hereby prescribed for of his arrival and the purpose of his visit, and it shall be the guidance of the representatives of the Government the duty of said officer or of his designated representative, of the United States in foreign countries with a view to or in the absence of such officer, then the supervising giving unified direction to their activities in behalf of the consular officer, to notify, when not incompatible with promotion and protection of the commerc'al and other the public interest, all other representatives of the Gov¬ interests of the United States, insuring effective coopera¬ ernment of the United States in that territory of the tion, and encouraging economy in administration. arrival and the purpose of the visit, and to take such Whenever representatives of the Department of State steps as may be appropriate to assist in the accomplish¬ and other departments of the Government of the United ment of the object of the visit without needless dupli¬ States are stationed in the same city in a foreign country cation of work. 162 AMERICAN CONSULAR, fflLLETlN

In all cases of collaboration, or where material supplied material contributed by one officer is utilized by another: by one officer is utilized by another, full cred.t therefor 1. All material transm.tted to either department shall shall be given. show faithfully and accurately the extent to which an . officer of the other service has participated in its prep¬ The White House, aration. April 4, 1924. 2. Cooperation and the results of cooperation will [No. 3987] count as high in the efficiency of an officer as the prep¬ aration of material. 3. Plagiarism w 11 subject an officer to reprimand, and if persisted in will disrate him. To THE AMERICAN CONSULAR OFFICERS : 4. All reports in which two or more officers have col¬ In consequence of the Executive Order of the Presi¬ laborated shall be considered as falling within one of the dent, dated April 4, 1924, prescribing a system of coopera¬ categories established herein. tion among the representatives of the United States 5. All written reports shall be signed or annotated in Government abroad, the Department of State and the the manner indicated for each category. Department of Commerce have agreed to issue the fol¬ 6. All cable reports shall refer to the appropriate cate¬ lowing identic instructions to their representatives with gory by use of a code word, followed by the name or a view to establishing due credit in all cases where the names of the contributing officer. Categories of Material Manner of Fixing Credit Code IVord (a) Voluntary reports in which the report The name of the original author of the report ABCAD itself is cabled substantially as written. only shall appear. (b) Called for reports in which the report The name of the original author of the report EFGEH itself is cabled substantially as written. only shall appear. (c) Voluntary material either statistical or The report shall be signed jointly with the OJKOL analytical used as the basis or body of a report name of the chief contributor first. either cabled or written. (d) Called for material either statistical or The report shall be signed jointly with the IMNIP analytical used as the basis or body of a report name of the chief contributor first. either cabled or written. (e) Collaborated reports where several officers The names of all contributors shall appear in URSUT have contributed data; as a national report on the order of the value of the material submitted shipping prepared from data supplied by several by each, and as between material of equal value, consuls. the name of the ranking officer shall appear first. (f) Where the contribution is slight, but de¬ The name of the contributing officer shall be AVWYX serving of incidental recognition. given passing mention, preferably by footnote citation referring specifically to his contribution.

INTERPRETATIVE EXAMPLES prepared by himself on the coal situation in the British (a) A voluntary report is submitted by a consular Isles, so that it assumes a broader character through the officer and a copy sent to the diplomatic mission, where preponderance of other material contributed by himself, the Commercial Attache, noting its value, cables its con¬ the name of the Commercial Attache would appear first tents, or a digest thereof, to the Department of Com¬ and the consul’s second, as joint authors. Code refer¬ merce. In such case full credit belongs to the consular ence : Vomat Tower Soule. officer and the cable should begin with the proper code (d) The procedure would be the same as in (c), except word, followed by the consul’s name, to wit: Vorep that the code word would become Camat, by way of indi¬ Skinner. cating that the material was gathered on the initiative of (b) The Commercial Attache requests material which the Commercial Attache. is supplied by a consular officer and cabled by the Com¬ (e) Suppose the foregoing report on the coal situation mercial Attache substantially as written. In such case in the British Isles, prepared by the Commerc.al Attache full credit belongs to the consular officer, to be indicated to be made up of mater.al supplied by several consular as follows: Carep Thackara. officers, or in other words, to have the form of a col¬ (c) A consular officer at Cardiff submits voluntarily laboration. In such case the names of all collaborating statistics or other material on the coal output in . officers shall appear in the order of the relative value of The Commercial Attache elaborates the material into dis- the material contributed. As between material of equal ccursive, analytical, or comparative form. If the report value, the name of the officer of superior rank shall ap¬ in elaborated form nevertheless retains its character as pear first. Code reference: Codat. a report on the coal output in Wales based on the con¬ tributed material, the consul’s name shall appear first, (f) Suppose the Commercial Attache to have prepared and the Commercial Attache’s second, as joint authors. a report on Japanese shipping in connection with which In cabling, the code reference would be: Vomat Soule the Consul General has supplied data covering the num¬ Tower. ber of ships and their tonnage arriving and departing On the other hand, if the Commercial Attache utilizes from Yokohama over a given period. At the point where the contributed material as a part of a general report (Continued on page 183) 163 A Trip To A Galician Round-up

By HENRY T. WILCOX, Vigo, Spain THERE was promise of a beautiful dawn while waiting for our friends to arrive, and then and a fine June day when two of us set out we all went to the town’s one hotel and ate a from Vigo by motorcycle on the first stage Spanish breakfast consisting of dry bread helped of our trip to see the annual round-up of the wild, down with hot and tasty black coffee. hardy ponies which roam the barren mountains of Breakfast over, we provided against noonday the Spanish coast to the north of the Portuguese hunger by buying two large round loaves of hard frontier. bread, some tins of Vigo’s justly renowned sar¬ The motor took us quickly and comfortably dines, and a native empanada or meat pie that over twenty kilometers of winding roads through was a meal in itself. These we entrusted to a volunteer hunter’s porter and started at once on the long tramp to the corrals. Our way led both up and down but mostly up over barren hills. To our right we looked over a mile or so of rough country to the blue Atlantic while to the left and also before us rose the tree¬ less and uncultivated mountains. Here and there we could see shepherds with their flocks of goats and sheep, and occasionally we overtook a peasant plodding steadily up the rough trail on his way to have an eye to his cattle pasturing on distant slopes. Those of whom we asked the way replied gladly with the natu¬ ral courtesy of the country. Finally, after three hours of walking, or rather climbing, up a THE ROUND-UP more and more difficult trail, we came to the top of a ridge from picturesque farming country and scattered vil¬ which we could see below us our destination. We lages. Not many were abroad at that hour. Now looked into a natural amphitheatre that seemed and then we passed women going to town with purposely made for round-up uses. The inner products from their tiny farms. Some carried slopes of the basin provided the best possible seats baskets of vegetables on their heads; others, heavy for the spectators while the outside slopes on three cans of milk. When only a short way from the sides descended so steeply that horses could not city we overtook the members of a small band escape in those directions. Two gaps in the ridge who, instruments under arms, were straggling on the north side served for entrances. The floor along the road on their way to play at the fiesta of the basin was roughly circular and three or of some distant village. four acres in area. Much the greater part of the We kept scanning the road ahead for sight of flat was enclosed with a crude four-foot stone three friends of ours who had started on bicycles wall. This outer or receiving corral had three half an hour earlier than we had. They had made gates, one that permitted entry by the larger gap good time, for it was not until we reached the in the ridge, another that opened into a much Roman bridge that is just this side of Bayona smaller, higher and stronger corral, and a third that we caught up with them. which gave access to a tiny pen for unbranded At Bayona, a pretty seaside town, our ride colts. ended. There we admired the gorgeous sunrise For about an hour there was nothing to do but 164 wait for the appearance of the horses which were by herself. Her colt, true to the universal custom being driven in from long distances by men who of white mares’ foals, wore a dark coat that gave before daybreak had formed an immense but now no indication of the color that he would have in steadily diminishing circle of mounted and un¬ years to come. Perhaps he was destined to be mounted drivers. At length, tiny specks moving the second white horse on that range. in several more or less regular single files were The colts received the immediate attention of to be seen going down the far surrounding slopes. the herders, for in the wildly milling mass that The specks soon disappeared from sight behind filled the small enclosure there was danger that intervening ridges, to come to view at the opening those under a year old would be trampled. Men of the gap some time went in among the cap¬ later in the shape of the tives and cut out the united herd. foals, taking each by Some of the drivers, ears and tail and pro¬ armed with long slen¬ pelling the reluctant der poles, formed a little creatures out broad lane that led to through the gate and the gate of the large into the small pen corral while the others where they were to came behind forcing wait for the branding the horses to enter. On iron. Immediately a came the herd hesitat¬ loud chorus of neighing ingly; those in the lead was set up by the score seemed to remember or so of frightened their experiences of the foals and by as many years before, for they bereaved mothers, to kept trying to turn back the tune of which and to break through everyone abandoned the the lines of drivers. corrals and set about The strongest attempt the business of eating at liberty was made dinner. just before the open No one wasted any gate. When it failed time over the meal, for the leaders refused to the hardest and most move for some mo¬ interesting work of the ments, but finally a day remained to be spry chestnut mare done. Each of those dashed through and the two hundred odd wild others followed. Once horses had to be caught, in the big corral there taken from the corral, was much milling on and shorn of its flowing the part of the horses REFUSES THE LURE OF CIVILIZATION mane and tail. The and much urging on the owners wanted all the part of the men before the beasts could be started rope-making material that they could get. into the small strong corral. In they went at last, The fun commenced when a dozen men, armed almost 300 active strong little horses of all ages with long pliant horsehairy ropes and long slender from a foal three days old to a black mare so aged poles, went fearlessly among the plunging, dodg¬ that she was turning gray about the head. One ing animals and set about catching their elusive sorrel two-year-old didn’t go in with the others; property by slipping over the horses’ heads it broke through the circling drivers and killed cleverly knotted rope halters from the forked itself trying to jump the outer wall. ends of the poles. Many trials had to be made We stood on the broad wall of the small corral before each catch because none of the victims was and watched them come through the single open¬ obliging enough to stand still an instant. The ing. They averaged perhaps 12 hands in height. scene in the corral was certainly animated. Bays predominated, with blacks next in evidence. Once caught, the horses were urged to and Browns, chestnuts, and sorrels were quite rare, through the gate into the large enclosure. There while an old flea-bitten gray mare was in a class (Continued on page 183) 165 ITEMS

The Department of State announces that the Consul General at Large and Mrs. Robert following-named candidates passed the examina¬ Frazer spent a month’s vacation in Washington tion of January, 1924, for appointment as officers before visiting , Boston, and New of career in the Consular Service: York whence they sail for England on April William T. Turner, of Emory University, 19, 1924. Georgia. Whitney Young, of City. Consul General at Large Roger C. Tredwell is John S. Richardson, Jr., of Roxbury, Mass. making a short visit in Washington prior to his J. Cameron Hawkins, of New York City. trip of inspection in Africa. Paul W. Meyer, of Denver, Colo. Frederick W. Baldwin, of Jacksonville, Fla. Consul Avra M. Warren and his bride sailed Augustin Wili am Ferrin, of Hastings, N. Y. aboard the S. S. America from New York on C. Paul Fletcher, of Hickory Valley, Tenn. April 9, 1924, for their new post at Nairobi, Scott S. Levisee, of Richmond, Va. where they will be at home after June 1st. Richard R. Willey, of Brooklyn, N. Y. Robert B. Streeper, of Columbus, Ohio. The consulate at Huelva, Spain, was closed on , 1924.

Alphonse Vemba, the messenger at the Loanda Professional burglars looted the offices of the Consulate has been decorated by the Belgian American commercial attache at during Congo Government for having served one mas¬ the night of , 1924, and obtained about ter faithfully for a period of 10 years. The “mas¬ $1,500 worth of valuables belonging to members ter” in this instance whom Alphonse served is of the staff and other employes. the United States—at the Bama Consulate Gen¬ eral and later at Loanda. The Luncheon Committee has announced that monthly luncheons will be held during the first Consul General Francis B. Keene, of Rome, week of each month at the Hotel Shoreham. The has again, for the second time, won the Spanier day fixed upon will be posted upon the bulletin Trophy at the Rome Golf Club. board in Room 109. “The Laureate of the Links,” as he is called in the world-fraternity of golf, being the author Consul Joseph F. McGurk, on home leave from of the unique book, Lyrics of the Links, seems Zagreb, spent a few days in Washington. to have the gift of perennial youthfulness, for to : be able, after having passed his s xty-seventh During the month of March, 1924, there were birthday, to accomplish such a feat is evidence 3,492 trade letters transmitted to the department of being still in the prime of maturity. as against 3,244 in February, 1924. Mr. Keene has had a remarkable record of The Consulate General at London, England, health, due, he tlrnks, largely to three rules of took first place in the number of trade letters sub¬ life, an invulnerable patience, a cheerful disposi¬ mitted, having (159), followed by Habana (71), tion, and golf whenever it does not interfere with Rio de Janeiro (61), Guatemala City (52) and duty. Valparaiso (51). He has been for 21 years in the Service, and A total of 2,529 reports was received during has never been absent from duty for even one the month of March, 1924, as compared with day because of illness. 2,220 during the month of February, 1924. 166 MEMBERS of the State Department Club Consul Henry C. A. Damm informs the and their guests were entertained on the BULLETIN that Nogales, Sonora, Mexico, where evening of Tuesday, April 8, in a man¬ he is stationed, is the former home of President ner that cannot often be hoped for. Gathered in Obregon. There are two Nogales, one Mexico, the large Salon of the Nations at the Hotel Wash¬ the other, Arizona, separated by a barbed-wire ington an audience of over one thousand persons fence, but there are several fortunate openings listened to one of the most splendid recitals that in it. Relations between the people of the two has been known in the Club’s history. Miss Duso- towns are most friendly. It seems the President lina Giannini came from New York expressly to of the s ster Republic has a warm spot in his sing before the Club. She gave nine selections heart for the old home town, meaning ambos most varied and well chosen to display the ver¬ Nogales, este lado y otro lado. He has referred satility of the great singer. Miss Giannini re¬ to Nogales as the place where the first seed of sponded generously to the insistent demands for harmony between the two Republics was sown. encores. Miss Meta Schumann added much to To show his esteem he recently sent to the the effect of the numbers given by her most Chamber of Commerce of Nogales, Ariz., the masterful and artistic accompaniments. otro lado, a serape, a woolen shawl or blanket Miss Giannini was presented to the Club by worn by Mexican men in the interior of the the Third Assistant Secretary of State, Mr. J. country. It is a beautiful example of Mexican Butler Wright, who in a most pleasing manner work of the kind and is further embellished by paid tribute to her, a native born American, as having woven into it a picture of George one of the leading sopranos of the day—a state¬ Washington. ment heartily endorsed by all before Miss Gian¬ nini had finished even her first selection, Sommi Dei from Handel. Given the marvelous range At the monthly luncheon held April 4, the of voice—in reality the combined ranges of a Association had the pleasure of listening to a contralto and a soprano—the enviable ease and very instructive and entertaining address made correctness of technique, sympathetic interpre¬ by Hon. Charles H. Burke, Commissioner of tation, and last, but not least, a most charming Indian Affairs. personality which immediately wins her audience, Consul General Evan E. Young presided and it does not require any great prophetic powers to during the course of the meal called on the be able to say that the Club was listening to a different officers from the field, each of whom singer who is destined to stand on the highest rose and was formally presented to the Asso¬ rung of fame. ciation. The BULLETIN, on behalf of the State Depart¬ Mr. MacMurray, Chief of the Divis:on of Far ment Club, offers most appreciative thanks to Eastern Affairs, was a guest of honor, as were Miss Giannini, to Miss Schumann, and to Mr, Mr. Carr, Mr. Shand and Mr. Otterman. Con¬ Daniel Mayer who kindly arranged for the even¬ suls General Frazer and Tredwell, Consuls Ham¬ ing and made the entertainment possible. den, Minter and Warren and Vice Consuls Burt, Keese, Monges, Scott and Williams were among the visiting officers. There were forty-two A recent wedding of interest in was present at the luncheon. that of the American Vice Consul de carriere, Officers in the field who contemplate a home Christian M. Ravndal and Miss Alberta Mor- visit in the near future will note that similar Merkl, on Friday, , 1924, meetings are being arranged by the Association Mr. Ravndal is the eldest son of the Hon. and to be held the first week of every month at the Mrs. G. Bie Ravndal, American Consul General Shoreham Hotel (H Street entrance). at Constantinople, and the bride is the daughter of Baron and Baroness Franz Freihen von Mor- Merkl, a retired Major General of the Austrian Baldwin-Hawks. Miss Margaret Baldwin and Army. . Mr. Stanley Hawks, Diplomatic Secretary, were Mr. Carol H. Foster, American Consul at married on , 1924, at Washington, D. C. Vienna, acted as witness for the groom, while NewmamWarren. Miss Mary Nicols New¬ Baron Flaerdtl acted as witness for the bride. man and Mr. Avra Milvin Warren, Consul, Class Following the church service a reception was V, were married April 7, 1924, in the Memorial held at the home of the bride. Church, Baltimore, Md. r W7 AMERICAN ^ONSULAXL jyiELETrNT

of unbound correspondence a departmental in¬ A NEW-FOUND OLD POR¬ struction regarding it written during the stirring TRAIT OF A GREAT days of the Civil War. My interest took me through the archives of the office in search of SUBJECT further information, and the following interest¬ By Walter H. McKinney, Bordeaux ing correspondence was discovered: There is in the Bordeaux Consulate a small No. 13 Department of State, portrait in oil of George Washington which ap- Washington, Feb. 12, 1864. C. Davisson, Esquire, Consul of the United States, Bordeaux, France. Sir: Your despatches from No. 8 to 10, both inclusive, have been received. Referring to the despatch No. 10 under date of Feb. 15, 1858, in reference to the presentation to the Consulate by Franco Co¬ lumbus Fenwick, deceased, of an 011 painting of General Washing¬ ton, “said to be an original and to possess much merit,” and which is understood to be in the Consulate. I will thank you to cause to be taken in the best manner, three photographic copies, taking espe¬ cial care that the painting be not injured in the process, and trans¬ mit the same to this department. You will include the cost in your next miscellaneous account. If the portrait is such as it is represented to be, you will see that it is carefully preserved. I am, Sir, Your obedient servant, F. W. SEWARD, Assistant Secretary. A copy of the despatch re¬ ferred to in the preceding letter appears in Book No. 123 in the archives of the Consulate, and GEORGE WASHINGTON reads as follows: From an oil painting in the Bordeaux Consulate No. 10 pears to have a rather remarkable history. The Consulate of the United States of America accompanying photograph is a good reproduction at Bordeaux, Feb. 15, 1858. of the portrait which will doubtless he remem¬ Sir: bered by every consular officer who has had the I have the honor to inform you that late Franco good fortune to be assigned to this delightful Columbus Fenwick, Esq., citizen of the United post. States, and a resident of Bordeaux, in the month The uniqueness of the portrait was called to of November, and but a short time previous (to) my attention when I unearthed from a great mass (Continued an page 186) 168 prefer, you can apply to the Minister of Public Instruc¬ THE FOREIGN STUDENT tion for a blank prepared by the Institute of Interna¬ R. STEPHEN P. DUGGAN, Director of tional Education, and have it filled out by an official of D the institution where you have studied, and send that the Institute of International Education, in your letter, instead of sending your original docu¬ New York, has brought to the attention ments. ) of the BULLETIN means whereby the Insti¬ 5. If the Bureau of Admissions of the university to tute reaches and assists the foreign students which you have written replies that its lists are full for who desire to come to the United States the next year and it therefore cannot accept you, you to study. Blank forms of application for can either: (a) Write a similar letter to the Bureau of Admis¬ such students are prepared and when it is shown sions of another university from which you have ob¬ that institutions have already enrolled or ac¬ tained a catalogue, or cepted them as bona fide students, they may be (b) You can write to the Bureau of Admissions of admitted in excess of the quota. The application the first university, asking whether if you defer your form is printed in English, French and German. entry for one year you can then be accepted. 6. When the Bureau of Admissions has passed upon “The Guide Book for Foreign Students in the your papers and found them to be satisfactory, it will United States,” a bulletin issued by the Institute, then adv.se you to that effect. It will, at the same time, carries the following information and directions: advise the Institute of International Education that, upon the basis of credentials submitted, you will be admitted. The Immigration Law and the Foreign Student The Bureau will furnish this office with your name, the country from which you come, the course which you are Under the present immigration law only a to take, and will state whether you come on a scholarship limited number of aliens of each nation can enter or at your own expense. When the Institute receives the United States to become citizens. So many this notification it will at once send it to the Secretary foreigners wish to settle in the United States that of Labor in order that the case may be considered by him. The Secretary of Labor will then notify the the quotas of many countries are soon filled. As Department of State of its decision, with the request some aliens wish annually to enter the United that it be transmitted to the proper consular office for States temporarily as students, expecting to re¬ use in the issuance of a passport vise. turn to their own countries upon completion of 7. As soon as you hear from the Bureau of Admissions their studies, the immigration officials of the you should at once call upon the United States Consul nearest your home, presenting to him the letter which United States have consented to allow students to you have received from the Bureau of Admissions of enter in excess of their national quotas upon the the American university, and asking him if he will vise distinct understanding and agreement on their your passport for sailing to the United States to enter part that they are to leave the United States the university. In the event that you are coming to the United States on a scholarship in a recognized institu¬ upon the completion of their courses. tion of higher education, or if you come under the In order to comply with the requirements of auspices of your government for the purpose of pursuing the immigration officials as printed above, an studies, you should present to the United States Consul alien in excess of quota who wishes to come to the credentials showing these facts. United States for a temporary period as a student 8. After the Consul vises your passport you should ini an accredited institution of higher education set about procuring your passage on a steamship. 9. As soon as you know what steamship you are to sail should follow the directions given below. on, write to the Bureau of Admissions telling it the date 1. Decide upon the courseof sailing,of study the which name youof thedesire steamship, the port of entry in the United States and the probable date of arrival. to take in an American college or university. 2. Find out what institutionsIf inyou the Unitedare seeking States giveto enter as a student in the course you desire (consult the Institute’s Guide Book excess of quota, you will only comply with the for Foreign Students in the United States for this). If requirements of the immigration officials by fol¬ in doubt, write to the Institute for advice. 3. Write to the Registrarlowing of one theor two above of the suggestions colleges carefully. Begin where you think you would like to study, naming the your correspondence with the American universi¬ course in which you are interested, and ask for a ties fully six months before you wish to begin to catalogue. Write your name and address very plainly. study. In the case of students in South Africa 4. When the catalogues orare other received remote look places,them over a year is sometimes re¬ carefully and decide which institution you would like to quired. enter. When you have decided, address a letter to the Bureau of Admissions of that institution at the address The immigration officials will not admit in given on the front page of the catalogue. In your excess of quota: letter state briefly the schools and universities from which you have graduated, the number of years in (a) Aliens who wish to study in secondary schools or attendance, the degrees obtained, and enclose in your to take only extension courses in universities. letter your credentials. You should register this letter (b) Aliens who intend to remain in the United States, at the post office to insure its safe delivery. (If you as residents after completing studies. 169 LIKE SHIFTING SANDS (Reprinted from an article in the Times-Picayune of New Orleans. Sent to the Bulletin by Alban G. Snyder, Consul General at Christiania.) OUR consular service is poorly paid, perhaps underpaid, and yet there are redeeming PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY TI-IE AMERICAN CON¬ features which render that work wonder¬ SULAR ASSOCIATION, WASHINGTON, D. C. fully attractive to those who have curios ty re¬ garding strange places and peoples and who The American Consular Bulletin is published monthly by the American Consular Association, and is distributed by the Asso¬ enjoy travel for travel’s sake. Indeed, it is diffi¬ ciation TO its members gratis. The Bulletin is also open to pri¬ vate subscription in the United States and abroad at the rate of cult to read a long list of consular appointments $4.00 a year, or 35 cents a copy, payable to the American Con¬ and transfers without one’s imagination thrilling. sular Bulletin, c/o Consular Bureau, Department of State, Wash¬ ington, D. C. During the past week Secretary Hughes gave The purposes of the Bulletin are (1) to serve as an exchange out such a list which is enough to induce a fellow among American consular officers for personal news and for information and opinions respecting the proper discharge of to stoke his old kit bag and begin a world hike. their functions, and to keep them in touch with business and administrative developments which are of moment to them; and We see where fellows have been ordered out to (2) to disseminate injormation respecting the work of the Con¬ such intriguing places as Tientsin, Darien, Callao, sular Service among interested persons in the United States, including business men and others having interests abroad, and Nogales, Salaverry, Patras, etc. The latter two young men who may be considering the Consular Service as a probably are spots the average man could not find career. Propaganda and articles of a tendential nature, especially such on any map without some guidance, for although as might be aimed to influence legislature, executive or adminis¬ he might, from the name form, pick Patras as trative action with respect to the Consular Service, or the Department of State, are rigidly excluded from its columns. Greek, it would take some nosing about over the Contributions should be addressed to the American Consular Bulletin, c/o Consular Bureau, Department of State, Washing¬ map to stop the little port near the entrance to ton, D. C. that sheet of water of old formation known as the Gulf of Corinth. But Salaverry, unless one were well up on South America, would be more difficult The American Consular Association to discover on the Peruvian coast. However, it is not of the new appointments, OFFICERS even though they be to fascinating places, that we WILBUR J. CARR Director of the Consular Service Honorary President intend to speak, but of the weird shifts of con¬ HERBERT C. HENGSTLER Chief of the Consular Bureau sular locations recorded in Secretary Hughes’ Honorary Vice-President Consul General HORACE LEE WASHINGTON President order. Thus, Mr. Anslinger is to be moved from Consul General TRACY LAY Vice-President Hamburg to La Guayra—from the bustling city Consul J. KLAHR HUDDLE Secretary-Treasurer Consul General EVAN E. YOUNG Chairman of North Germany struggling with after-war dif¬ Consul General EDWARD J. NORTON Vice-Chairman ficulties, to the ultra-Latin port of Venezuela. COMMITTEES Harry V. Boyle is being shifted from Durban, EXECUTIVE Consul General EVAN E. YOUNG Chairman South Africa, to the peaceful Isle of Tahiti, land Consul General EDWARD J. NORTON of Polynesian pippins made famous by artist and Consul General TRACY LAY Consul EDWIN L. NEVILLE romancer, by Melville, Gauguin and O’Brien. Consul ADDISON E. SOUTHARD Harry Campbell goes from Asuncion to Iquique, RECEPTION Consul General AUGUSTUS E. INGRAM Chairman thus boring deeper into the strange heart of South Consul EDWIN L. NEVILLE America. T. W. Chilton, who replaces Boyle at Consul S. PINKNEY TUCK Consul THOMAS M. WILSON Durban, goes thither from Penang in the land of BULLETIN STAFF pepper; Hugh S. Fullerton is shifted from Calais, Consul HARRY M. LAKIN Editor France, to Alexandria, Egypt, and Raymond H. Consul FELIX COLE ) ... .Associate Editors Consul HASELL H. DICK J Geist from Montevideo to Port Said. Another Consul ADDISON E. SOUTHARD...... Business Manager Consul, E. N. Gunsalus, will move from Halifax Consul HAMILTON C. CLAIBORNE .Associate Bus. Mgrs. Consul IRVING N. LINN ELL I- to Wellington, both British cities, but half a world Consul HAMILTON C. CLAIBORNE, Treasurer apart. W. M. P. Mitchell will quit tempestuous The American Consular Association is an unofficial and voluntary association embracing most of the members of and sub-tropical Chihuahua, Mexico, to take up the Consular Service of the United States. It was formed new duties at Montreal, in Our Lady of the for the purpose of fostering esprit de corps among the members of the Consular Service, to strengthen Service Snows. spirit, and to establish a center around which might be grouped the united efforts of its members for the im¬ H. H. Morgan moves from Brussels to Buenos provement of the Service. Aires, “changing the name but not the letter, (Continued on page 188) 170 ASSIGNMENTS DIPLOMATIC Consuls General, Class IV Transfers Clarence E. Gauss, Tientsin. Secretary, Class II Augustus E. Ingram, Vancouver. L. Lanier Winslow, Santiago from Mexico Consuls, Class VI City. Maurice P. Dunlap, Port an Prince. Secretaries, Class III James P. Moffitt, Cape Town. Frederic F. A. Pearson, Sofia from Prague. Charles J. Pisar, Rangoon. Joseph Flack, Santo Domingo from La Paz. Horace Remillard, Rome. Henry I. Dockweiler, Madrid from Santo Raymond P. Tenney, Mukden. Domingo. Secretary, Class IV Consuls, Class VII Richard F. Boyce, Department. W. Roswell Barker, La Paz from Belgrade. Walter A. Foote, Hamburg. II. Earle Russell, Casablanca. The following Diplomatic Officers called at the Vice Consuls de carriere Department on leave or en route to new posts Howard Donovan, Rio de Janeiro. during the period from March 14 to April 13: Robert R. Patterson, Liverpool (remains). The Hon. Willis C. Cook, American Minister William A. Smale, Nassau. to Venezuela. Interpreters Sheldon Whitehouse, Secretary of Embassy, William F. Nason, Mukden. Paris. Edwin F. Stanton, Kalgan. James Clement Dunn, Secretary of Embassy, Brussels. Consular Assistant John C. Wiley, Secretary of Embassy, Lima. Leo J. Callanan, Genoa. H. Dorsey Newson, Secretary of Embassy, Mexico City. VISITING OFFICERS The following Consular Officers called at the Department on leave or en route to new posts ACKNOWLEDGMENT during the period from March 14 to April 13: In addition to the material appearing in this Albert Halstead, Consul General at Montreal. issue, the BULLETIN gratefully acknowledges re¬ Roger Culver Tredwell, Consul General at ceipt of material (story or photographs) from the Large for Central Asia and Africa. following persons: Robert Frazer, Jr., Consul General at Large Julian L- Pinkerton, Durban. for Western Europe. Stanley L. Wilkinson, Puerto Castilla, Hon¬ Harry Campbell, Consul at Iquique. duras. John R. Minter, Consul at Cape Town. Robert P. Skinner, London. John O. Sanders, Consul at Maracaibo. Harry J. Anslinger, La Guaira. Lewis V. Boyle, Consul at Tahiti. Chas. F. Payne, Maracaibo. Richard G. Monges, Vice Consul at Trieste. James B. Stewart, Tampico. Albert W. Scott, Vice Consul at Hull. Henry C. A. Damm, Nogales. Walter H. Keese, Vice Consul at Malta. Sigurd E. Roll, Fiume. Arthur R. Williams, Vice Consul at Caracas. North Winship, Fiume. Frederick P. Case, Vice Consul at Madras. S. Reid Thompson, Concepcion. 171 RESIGNATION TEAM WORK Irvin C. Correll, Interpreter, Nagasaki. {How the Consulate General and the Embassy of one country have effectively cooperated in obtaining data for commercial and other re¬ APPOINTMENTS ports. Excerpt from a despatch of the Consul General to the Department.) Consular Agent I HAVE the honor to inform the Department George D. Cowden, Port Lobos, Mexico. that through the cooperation of the Embassy a Honorary Vice Consul definite method has been arrived at in accord Corey F. Wood, Cape Haitien. with which information on commercial and other matters will be procured from the government Non-career Officers for the use of our consular establishments. Charles W. Allen, Berne. It becomes necessary from time to time for this Ralph C. Goldsberry, Mazatlan. office and the other consulates in this country to Edwin N. Gunsaulus, Charlottetown. request from various ministries and administra¬ Percy G. Kemp, Funchal. tive offices of the government statistics and other Harry D. Myers, Buenaventura. information relating to the commerce, production William C. Perkins, Barbados. in various industries, crop forecasts, and a variety James F. Points, Kingston. of other data which we may need in order to meet H. Armistead Smith, Brussels. the requests for information reaching this office Clerk to Vice Consul from the Department of State- and from in¬ Burdette B. Bliss, Guatemala. quirers in the United States. Thus far there has been no definite method followed in making such Leo F. Cochran, Bucharest. Edward S. Maney, Torreon. requests, and in some instances several officers have requested the same information from the Charles V. Sharp, Punta Arenas. Central Government. It seemed therefore highly desirable that a definite method of requesting such information should be arrived at. PROMOTION It seems to be definitely understood that con¬ Clerk to Vice Consul de carriere sular officers shall with propriety address directly the municipal, provincial or departmental author¬ Joseph F. Burt, Vienna. ities in their respective consular districts, but in many countries, and this is true here, it is not cus¬ tomary that they communicate directly with min¬ BIRTHS istries or executive offices of the Central Govern¬ ment except in such manner as has the definite The BULLETIN takes pleasure in announcing the following births and congratulates the parents approval of our mission and of the government upon the happy events: concerned. I therefore took up this matter with the Ambassador, who was good enough to interest A daughter, Mary, was born , himself in it, and through the cooperation of the 1924, to Consul General and Mrs. P. Stewart Embassy, and with the approval of the Foreign Heintzleman, at Hankow, China. Office, the following procedure has been ar¬ A son, John Warren, was born January 15, rived at: 1924, to Vice Consul and Mrs. H. Tobey Mooers, When a consular officer desires information at Libson, Portugal. from the government or any ministry or depart¬ A daughter, Barbara Myers, was born Decem¬ ment thereof, he makes out the request in French, ber 28, 1923, to Consul and Mrs. Myrl S. Myers, or other appropriate language, in the following at Yunnanfu, China. form: A son, George Groce, was born , 1924, “L’Ambassade des Etats-Unis d’Amerique pre¬ at Asnieres, Seine, France, to Consul and Mrs. sente ses compliments au Ministere des Affaires Damon C. Woods. Etrangeres et lui serait reconnaissante de bien vouloir faire parvenir par l’intermediaire du A daughter, Mary Atwell, was born , Department competent 1924, to Vice Consul and Mrs. Odin G. Loren at Colon, Panama. 172 INVESTMENT SERVICE WHEREVER THE CABLE GOES

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173 AMERICAN ^QNSi:i:LA:R- jyilXETTrNr

au Consulat General Amsricain a this way postage and carriage charges are largely la eliminated. au Ministere des Affaires Etrangeres. This method was arrived at during the latter part of 1923 and the results already have indi¬ This form is made out in quintuplicate, the cated its desirability. Tha government prefers fifth copy being retained by tha consulate request¬ that requests for information from consular offi¬ ing the information. Tha original and three cers reach it through the Embassy, and results copies are transmitted to the supervising Con¬ already have shown that greater attention is paid sulate General. If the information is already on to such requests when they come through the file at the Consulate General, as very frequently medium of the Embassy. happens, it is not necessary to transmit the request There are two outstanding features in connec¬ to the Embassy, but tha information can be fur¬ tion with this arrangement for procuring informa¬ nished directly from tha files of tha Consulate tion from the Central Governmant which are General. If, however, the information is not so worthy of note. Tha first of these is that dupli¬ available, the quadruplicate of tha request is kept cate requests for information on the same subject in its files and the original and two cop:es are do not reach tha Central Government from Amer¬ transmitted to the Embassy. The Embassy trans¬ ican consular officers, and any annoyance resulting mits the original and one copy of the form to the therefrom is avoided. In the second place, the Foreign Office, retaining the triplicate for its files. Consulate General becomes the repository of It will be noted that in the form above quoted documents and reports from which the majority the Embassy requests that the information be of inquiries from consular officers can be an¬ transmitted directly to tha Consulate General swered d'rectly, and much more quickly than if which in turn forwards it immediately to the con¬ in each case the inquiry is to be directed to the sulate originally requesting tha information. In Central Government. WAHL

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174 ^MERICAK ^QNSHLA3R. gULLETTITsT

IDAR-OBERSTEIN M UEdTIC Seat Of An Important Gem-Cutting And Cheap World's Largest Jewelry Industry In Germany Ship By FRANCIS J. DYER, Coblenz O BERSTEIN, situated on both s'cles of the Nahe, a rushing, walled-in stream with precipitous, rocky hilis crowding down upon it, is the picturesque seat (with its twin neighbor, Idar) of the precious and sem:-precious

Fifty Years FIFTY years of running superior ships in a superior way. Fifty years of studying the needs of dis¬ criminating travelers. And today— the precision of personal service and the perfection of equipment that characterize every ship of our lines. Sailings to Ten Ports To Queenstown (Cobh), Plymouth, Liverpool, London, Southampton, Cherbourg, Antwerp, Hamburg,N aples and Genoa. Sailings every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday. Departures from New York, Boston, Philadel¬ phia and Montreal. The most com¬ plete of schedules—on the finest of ships. A Wide Choice of Accommodations In addition to the Majestic, world’s largest ship, the Homeric, Olympic, Belgenland, the Big Four to Liver¬ pool, and our other de luxe liners, which offer the acme of luxurious ocean travel, our fleet includes eleven delightful cabin ships with surpris¬ ingly low rates. LAPIDARY MILL, OBERSTEIN And do not overlook the faultless Second Cabins on our great steamers, splendidly equipped and providing stone cutting industry. Space is at a premium, excellent food and accommodations and the streets are narrow and crooked. The for as little as $125. city climbs up the steep declivities; but mostly it follows the course of the river which has made For information aoply to No- 1 Broadway. New York, it rich and famous by turning the many stones the Company’s offices elsewhere or authorized agents upon which are ground the gems that Idar- Oberstein scatters over the whole world. 'ittWHITE STAR LlNEJf On Sunday the city is at rest and the streets AMERICAN LINE REP STAR LINE are filled with well-dressed people. Indeed, at iMTBAVf ATIONAI, MsBCAMTllI MABIN* COMFAMY first one imagines that there has been something unusual to call out the crowds, but it is merely the gathering of the people busy all the rest of the week and now taking an airing, with a soupcon of gossip for seasoning. Along a little, but very potential, stream winds a paved roadway from Oberstein to Idar, on which electric cars run occasionally. The street must have been built with great labor, for on one side of it the ground falls away sharply to the stream, beyond which rise wooded hills in a park¬ like effect, while on the other side the hills— mere precipitous masses of rocks in most cases —rise so abruptly that in some places it has not been possible to chisel out space enough for a house. In fact, the cliffs sometimes rise almost straight in the air from the very curb. There is little of the antique about the twin cities of Idar-Oberstein. For the most part, the cities (they number jointly some 18,000 popu¬ lation) are quite modern in appearance despite the fact that the basic industry was established in the Middle Ages. Many of the houses are al¬ most mansions; all are substantial, built of stone THE man who uses an Underwood and brick and stucco, with slate roofs. It is evi¬ Portable soon discovers that though dent that the lapidaries and jewelry manufactur¬ ers combine their residences with their business he may dread to write, he likes to type¬ establishments, for this is largely a house in¬ write. It is a real pleasure to see the dustry. words appear on paper almost as fast Practically the entire population of both cities as you think them. Typewriting on is engaged in the stone-cutting or cheap jewelry the Underwood Portable is just a flow¬ manufacture, and the most improved appliances ing, effortless, almost automatic record¬ obtainable are in use. There was a time when the men who cut the stones lay flat on the floor ing of your thoughts in sharp, clear, of the workshop pressing, with all their strength, legible form. the stones against the big grindstones that were Price, $50 in the U. S. A. turned by water power. Now the work is done Weight, uncased, 6% lbs.; in traveling either in modern factories or in the homes of the workmen. Electricity is the motive power. case 9Y% lbs. Carborundum wheels, emery, and various other The Portable is obtainable at Underwood offices grinding agents are employed. It was interesting in all principal cities, or direct by mail in one diamond cutting establishment to see in Underwood Typewriter Co., Inc., the foreground of the big, well-lighted room, a 1413 New York Ave. N. W., Washington, D. C. base-burner made in Detroit used to heat the place. Millions of dollars worth of precious and semi¬ precious gems are sent every year from these factories to the United States and to other coun¬ tries. Their product can be seen in almost every jeweler’s place in Maiden Lane, or for that mat¬ ter, in the United States. Diamonds, aqua¬ marines, rubies, sapphires, amethysts, pearls and synthetic stones so closely resembling the real thing that sometimes an expert finds it difficult UNDERWOOD to distinguish between them, are among the prod¬ ucts of Idar-Oberstein. The pay seems small, PORTABLE (Continued on page 188) 176 These natives were found lost and starving in the Karoo Desert of South Africa. The Oakland, carrying the rescue party, stood the test of 2000 miles through desert and forest and intense heat.

An Oakland on a South Ameri¬ can road, flooded by heavy rains. This scene typifies the unusual conditions under which Oakland serves faithfully the world over. Oakland— the first low-priced six-cylinder motor car

HE first Oakland was built to bush of Australia—wherever the going T calls for sturdy construction and faithful answer the demand of motor¬ service—Oaklands are upholding the ists for a six-cylinder motor car tradition of the first of their name. which could be purchased at a low ***** price and which would be economi¬ Motorists have a double sense of security cal to operate. in the purchase of the new Oakland. That task successfully fulfilled, the The company which builds it is a division builders of Oakland each year have of General Motors, the largest auto¬ sought to make the finest “light six” motive organization in the world. that engineering talent, modern ma¬ Uniting the resources of many com¬ chinery and ample financial resources panies which are building fine motor cars could produce. and making parts, accessories, and Today Oakland’s reputation is inter¬ equipment, General Motors gives to national. Across the deserts of Asia and Oakland the economies of great purchas¬ the veldt of Africa, over the boulder- ing power and standardization, plus the strewn passes of the Andes, through the financial strength of all its divisions.

Further information regarding General Motors may be had by writing to General Motors Export Company, 224 West 57th Street, New York. GENERAL MOTORS MAKERS OF MOTOR CARS, TRUCKS, ACCESSORIES AND EQUIPMENT

BUICK . CADILLAC . CHEVROLET . OAKLAND . OLDSMOBILE . GMC TRUCKS

New York London . Paris . Copenhagen . Soerabaia . Bombay . Calcutta . Shanghai . Yokohama . Honolulu Sydney . Melbourne . Wellington . Constantinople . Johannesburg . Mexico City . Rio de Janeiro . Buenos Aires

177 HAVE YOU EVER car owners are forced to pay. 1 raffic congestion as seen in any city or even small town at home NOTICED? is unknown here, while traffic laws seem to be About the first thing one notices upon arriving almost non-existent. A street car may be passed in England from the United States is the fact on either side, and a car may stop at the curb that the traffic seems to be all going on the wrong heading either way are two examples of what may side of the street and in the wrong direction. be done here without fear of getting into trouble. It is, to put it lightly, most confusing, and if there There are no one-way streets at all and no corners were as much traffic here as there is in most cities where turns are permissible only in one direction. in the United States of the same size the average As to speed limits, there is no definite figure American would stand an excellent chance of prescribed, the regulations being that a car should being knocked down every time he attempted to always be driven so that the public is not endan¬ cross a street until he acquired the knack of gered by its speed. Small cars are the rule, a looking first to the right instead of to the left large part of them being considerably smaller when stepping off the sidewalk. Luckily, traffic than a Ford. Here a Ford sedan is a very size¬ is light and the worst that generally happens are able vehicle. One means of transportation is the a few close shaves. Although vehicles keep to steam truck or lorry. These are very powerful, the left, pedestrians generally keep to the right, ungainly looking machines built generally to carry and all revolving doors in office buildings and five tons with another similar load on a trailer hotels turn “normally.” At the entrances of with which many are equipped. A steam wagon some of the larger stores are signs to the effect with one trailer has been known to carry and that shoppers should keep to the right. transport more than twenty tons, but the average Another observation made is the great com¬ load is between ten and fifteen tons. parative scarcity of automobiles seen on the One of the most difficult conditions to get streets, which is mainly due to the higher prices accustomed to in Liverpool is the amount of heat of cars here and also to the heavy taxes which which one finds indoors, or rather the lack of

Conxenienctng the Consul

111 HEN Duty or Pleasure calls the consul to the Nation s capital, the official and social environ¬ ment and the luxurious comfort at The Shoreh am enable him to dwell in his own realm. Liberal Discounts to Diplomatic Representatives

15th and H Streets, N, W. Washington, D. C.

178 DAY l N AND DAY D UT

Day in and day out Dodge Brothers Motor Car serves its owners faith¬ fully and at low cost. This is because Dodge Brothers have consistently built their product more staunchly than strict manufacturing practice requires.

1/9 it, according to American standards. In stores, offices, hotels and homes the temperature varies STANDARD OIL CO. OF NEW YORK from 45 to 60 degrees Fahrenheit, and during 26 Broadway New York the winter months the latter figure is rarely ex¬ ceeded. In many houses the bathroom is the coldest room in the house, with no heating possi¬ bilities whatsoever. Nothing is thought of sitting down to dinner in a room where you can see your breath. In most private homes the heating is done by open coal fires with one in each room, hut the number of residences having central heat¬ ing is slowly increasing. For each fireplace there is generally a separate flue and a separate chimney pot, and on the roof of a large house is a most formidable array of chimney pots, which fre¬ quently suffer severe casualties when there is The Mark of Quality sufficient wind to set them flying. Practically all of the new and larger office buildings, hotels and stores have central heating, as it would be impossible to begin to heat them otherwise. The building which houses the Consulate is so Socony equipped but, nevertheless, during the month of January the thermometer has rarely been above 60, and one day it was nearer 45 than 50. There is one place here where an American Products feels very much at home, and that is in Mr. Wool- worth’s five and ten cent store, only here it is three pence and six pence. The store itself is Illuminating Oils new and practically a copy of any similar store at home, with very much the same line of goods Lubricating Oils and Greases and the same type of customers. Were it not for the different price cards you would never Gasoline and Motor Spirits think you were in England, so much does it re¬ semble the “five and ten’s” of New York or Fuel Oil Buffalo or . There are, I believe, about 40 Wooiworth stores in England. Asphaltums, Binders and The Consular offices are on the fourth floor of the Tower Building, which is located very near Road Oils the river and the docks. From the windows can be seen the Landing Stage, the largest floating Para dine Wax and Candles structure in the world, where the passenger liners going to and from New York dock. The photo¬ Lamps, Stoves and Heaters graph on page 53 of the February BULLETIN gives a very good idea of the view looking toward the river. Up until a few years ago Liverpool Branch Offices in the Principal Cities of was the home port of the crack Cunard and White Star liners, but now they have all been Japan Philippine Islands Turkey China Straits Settlements Syria transferred to Southampton. There still remains Indo-China Netherlands India Bulgaria excellent service between this port and New York, Siam South Africa Greece the better known of the ships sailing from here India Australasia Jugoslavia being the Adriatic, the Baltic, the Carmania and the Caronia. LAWRENCE S. ARMSTRONG. 180 AMERICAN ^ONSULAIL^WLLETIN

NECROLOGY THE LITTLE GREEN TENTS George H. Richardson, Vice Consul at Auck¬ Decora'.ion Day, , 1924 land, New Zealand, died April 7, 1924, while “The little green tents, where the soldiers en route to Washington to take the oral exami¬ sleep, and the sunbeams play, and the women nation for the Consular Service. weep, are covered with flowers today; and be¬ Mr. Richardson was born in Boston, Mass., tween the tents walk the weary few, who were , 1899, and was educated in the young and stalwart in sixty-two, when they went grammar schools of that city. Upon his gradua¬ to the war away. The little green tents are built tion in 1912 he attended the Lowell High School of sod, and they are not long and they are not until 1916, when he went to Heald’s Business broad, but the sold ers have lots of room; and the College for six months preceding his entry into sod is part of the land they saved, where the flag the College of Commerce of the University of of the many darkly waved, the symbol of dole and California for one year. doom. The little green tent is a thing divine; the He became a clerk in the Consular Service at little green tent is a country’s shrine, where pa¬ Auckland in July, 1921, and was transferred to triots kneel and pray; and the brave men left, so Wellington in January, 1922. old, so few, were young and stalwart in sixty- two, when they went to the war away!” Gaillard Hunt, lrstorian, author, and Chief of the Division of Publications of the Department Mrs. Marie Krogh, mother of Gerhard H. of State, died on , 1924. Krogh, consul at Malmo, Sweden, died at Fargo, North Dakota, , 1924. The BULLETIN, Otis G. Stanton, appointed clerk in the Depart¬ on behalf of the members of the American Con¬ ment of State June 8, 1903, died in Washington sular Association, expresses deepest sympathy to on , 1924. Mr. Krogh in his loss.

For CONSULS this G3-year-old U. S. Customs Reference publication i3 indispensable in answering the many inquiries from Traders having business relations with the U. S. A.

U. S. CUSTOMS TARIFF

20,000 Articles, Alphabetically Arranged, included in the NEW 1924 EDITION ESTABLISHED 1862—PUBLISHED ANNUALLY CUSTOM HOUSE GUIDE Circulation 1,500 PAGES OF CUSTOMS INFORMATION Throughout 1 United States Customs Tariff—Alphabetically Arranged—Giving the World Commodity, Rate of Duty, Paragraph Number, and Treasury Decisions of 20,000 commodities. 2 Authoritativs Directory of Warehousemen, Customs Brokers, Importers, Exporters, S. S. Lines, Banks, Consuls, Bonded Truck¬ men, Railroads, Forwarders, etc.—in each port.

3 Customs Regulations, General Order Rates, Government Departments, Port Charges, Reference Files, Etc. 4 Every Principal Customs Port has a Special Port Section—over 150 Ports. 5 General Review giving a very bread and clearly explained description of the necessary routine and formalities connected with all phases of Importing into the U. S. A. 6 Special Sections for Canada, Mexico, Virgin Islands, Porto Rico, Honolulu. 1924 Edition now ready $5.00 (N. Y. Exchange) Order Now ADDRESS CUSTOM HOUSE GUIDE Brokers’ Room, Custom House, New York, N. Y., U. S. A. AGENCIES THROUGHOUT THE WORLD

181 ^ AMERICAN (^pNSULAR,Jg^LLRT7m

A CONTRAST IN LIGHT AND SHADE (Continued from page 159) have made the journey to Helsingfors in small sailboats group their craft around the landing stage and draw their cus¬ tomers from the out¬ skirts of the buying throng. The market, with its hundreds of stalls, its shifting mass of human¬ ity and its occasional vividly costumed fishwife in brilliant smock and skirt, forms a spectacle picturesque in a super¬ lative degree. Only slightly less so is the AMERICAN LEGATION AT SAN JOSE, COSTA RICA strained activity at noon, when the booths are hastily dismantled and, with wheeled carts for the return trip to farm or the unbought stocks, piled again in the high- country cottage. Then follows an example of Finnish efficiency and the local passion for cleanliness. Scores of Carl M. J. von Zielinski women descend on the market-place, armed with Gargantuan brooms with which they valiantly Leslie B. Cooper Luis M. Alzamora attack the waste and refuse, while men wielding FOREIGN TRADE AND FINANCIAL ADVISERS powerful hose assist the Amazonian host. Within ten minutes the entire square is in a state of Specializing in admirable spotlessness, and so it remains until The handling: of Alien Property Custodian Claims, and Miscellaneous Collections Here and Abroad. the next morning. Helsingfors in summer is the commuter’s New Financing:, Funding of Debts, Re-Organization of Foreign Firms, Incorporations Under American paradise. On the first of June begins the migra¬ Laws, Branch Managements. tion islandward and in attractive villas on the Financial Investigations and Credit Information hundreds of island surrounding the city virtu¬ ally the entire middle-class population lives for

Agents and Correspondents three months. in practically all parts of the world Instead of sprinting madly for the 8:13 train after breakfast the wage-earner of the house strolls leisurely to his dock and waits placidly HAITIAN-DOMINICAN DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION for one of the small steamboats that will take Agents for him to Helsingfors and business. Savage & Stevens Arms, U. S. Ammunition, and Sonora Phonograph Co. The 5:15 return boat in the evening is a dif¬ ferent institution, however, and is always wildly pursued by the last-second commuter who E. TOSSE & COMPANY, INC. crosses the gangplank just as it is being drawn Exporters of in and who then sinks breathlessly but gloat¬ CHEMICALS AND DRUGS ingly into a seat, conscious of another victory won. 90-96 Wall Street New York City This island life is truly a worship of nature, just as the famous Midsummer Day is a sur- 182 vival of prehistoric sun adoration. Every June 23rd Helsingfors declares a holiday, in common with all of Finland, and .spends twenty-four hours in the open beneath an endlessly bright sky. As the sun makes its temporary dip below the horizon about 11:30 in the evening the kokko fires blaze in every direction—huge bon¬ fires, thousands of them on hundreds of islands. For the rest of the night every man joins with his neighbor in feasting, dancing and com¬ munity singing, and when the sun appears once more about half-past one in the morning its greeting from Finland is royal indeed. With an almost continual outdoor existence among the Finlanders, summer sports flourish and thrive. The track athlete makes new world’s records, the association football teams monopolize every playground and the swimmer invents new methods of high-diving to flirt with death. And winter’s ubiquitous skiier figuratively beats his skiis into a trim sailboat and goes forth on to the gulf as another proof of the reason for Finland’s maritime fame. The city is quiet at night, but one’s final im¬ pression in the early evening is of a changing crowd on the esplanade, of a bright national costume flashing beside the brilliant uniform of an officer or the drab outfit of a private soldier. And these couples—for the mass seems com¬ An Australian Dugout posed only of couples—all turn for one last round of coffee and sweet cakes toward an out¬ Gold in Your Camera door cafe, where they revel in the strains of one of the lively military bands which is playing a There are real nuggets among the pictures you late American fox-trot. take of the life of your post or the countries through which you travel. For such the National Geographic Society pays good prices. COOPERATION IN PREPA- For, in more than 900,000 intelligent homes the TION OF REPORTS NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE is enthusiasti¬ (Continued from page 163) cally welcomed each month and, to satisfy this interest in humanized geography, this Society these figures occur in the report reference shall be made seeks eagerly in all corners of the globe for to a footnote in which recognition is given as follows: photographs and authoritative but full-of-life NOTE.—Figures supplied by Consul General Nathaniel descriptions of native life. B. Stewart. In cabling, suitable passing mention may be provided by Material is paid for promptly on accept¬ the use of the code word Avwyx Stewart. ance and that which is unavailable is returned immediately by insured post. A TRIP TO A GALICIAN Illustrated booklet describing the material desired ROUND-UP and one outlin'ng the purposes and achievements (Continued from page 165) of the National Geographic Society will be mailed, without charge, on your request. more excitement began. In almost every case the Address, The Editor feel of the rope added savageness to the wildness of the horses. There was vicious plunging, kick¬ ing, striking and tugging; it was only after much National Geographic Magazine struggling that the tired ponies permitted men to Washington, D. C. approach near enough to wield their heavy shears. Once the tails and manes were clipped, the halters 183 IN every part of the world when¬ ever motor cars are discussed, you will invariably hear the Hup- mobile characterized, even by owners and drivers of other makes of automobiles, as a ‘good* car. Its good reputation is international. HUPP MOTOR CAR CORPORATION Detroit, Michigan, U. S. A. Cable Address: "Hupp” Detroit

Hupmobite

184 were slipped off and the shorn ones were let free They had, at last, to let her go unshorn, and the to return to the range. None tarried except the work of removing the rope from her head and anxious mares whose colts were being branded. bloody jaw was harder and more dangerous than This branding went quietly on at one side until all that of putting it on. She had kicked, struck, the colts had large grease-smeared brands. Al¬ plunged and dashed around for an hour during though all the little fellows looked alike, each the course of which she had knocked one man owner was able to choose his own property with¬ down and had given him a bad scalp wound. She out hesitation. Throughout the afternoon there would have used her teeth had she been able, but were always at least six horses either making wild her jaw was held shut by a slip knot that tightened circles around those holding them or standing and tightened until it cut. rigid with ropes taut while gingerly held scissors All afternoon the excitement kept up and slowly robbed them of their fly-swatters and neck- but steadily the horses remaining in the corral protectors. became fewer. We could not stay until the work Some were much more troublesome than others. was finished, for the shadows slanting away from As was natural, those which had just reached their the walls told us that our long homeward journey full strength were the worst. A beautiful little had to be undertaken if we expected to eat dinner stallion and a tall slender mare saved their hair in Vigo that night. Back we went over the now and, as it were, their honor. The scallion put up weary trail, regretting that we could not stay to a long fight and struggled so hard that he threw the end and wishing that the motor in Bayona himself. In getting up a flying fore hoof caught could be brought over the rocky path to save our in the rope in such a way that the halter came off. t’red feet. Our way for the greater part of the Away went the horse at a fast trot, proudly wav¬ distance was back over the ground we had covered ing his beautiful tail as if in defiance of those who in the morning, but when about two miles from had been his captors. The mare appeared to have Bayona we found a path that led down to the left better breeding than most of her companions, and through a tiny peasant village and fields of corn like others of her sex she was worse than the male. to the highway that followed the coast.

CMAKLF.S C. GLOVF.R MILTON E. AILES Cliaii man of the Board l*re»»dent The Riggs National Bank WASHINGTON. D. C. Ave., opp. U. S. Treasury Dupont Circle 7th and Eye Streets N. W. 14th St. and Park Road 2477 Eighteenth Street

LETTERS OF CREDIT CABLE TRANSFERS TRAVELERS CHECKS SAVINGS DEPARTMENT FOREIGN EXCHANGE BOUGHT AND SOLD

Consular Representatives and visitors to Washington are cordially in¬ vited to avail themselves of our unexcelled Banking Facilities.

A BANKING CONNECTION AT THE CAPITAL IS CONVENIENT. BANK BY MAIL

Capital and surplus $2,750,000

185 AMERICAN ^ONSnLAUfflLLETIN

The village, like all the others in this part of A NEW-FOUND OLD POR¬ Spain, was built entirely of roughly cut stone. Even the corn cribs, from the mushroom-shaped TRAIT OF A GREAT rat-proof supporting pillars to the crosses on the SUBJECT roofs, were of stone. The wayside shrines with their rudely carved figures of saints and martyrs, (Continued from -page 168) were also of the same material. his death, presented to this Consulate an (oil Once on the wide road we had little farther to painting) portrait of George Washington, and walk before we reached the town and the machine. that the same, has been in consequence, added to It was a great satisfaction to ride after the long the archives, and duly registered in the records day of tramping. We thoroughly enjoyed the of this office. ride back to Vigo through the evening hush of This portrait is said to be an original, as such the peaceful countryside, and we agreed then and to possess much merit, and is in every way there to do the trip over again the following June. worthy the complimentary attention of the donor NOTE.—The round-ups are held only once a and the consideration to which said gift is en¬ year—on the second Sunday in June. It some¬ titled to. times happens that the appointed morning is I have the honor to be, Sir, In that case there is much difficulty in Very respectfully, finding the horses and keeping them from break¬ Your obedient servant, ing away and the round-up is a failure. The one G. G. FLEUROT, we saw was held under favorable weather con¬ U. S. Consul. ditions, but the number of the horses was less To the Hon. Lewis Cass, than the average because many had died during Secretary of State, the cold and dry winter.—H. T. W.) Washington.

Lubricating the World’s Power

The bulk of the world’s mechanical power comes from four sources—steam, water, electricity, and gas.

Power efficiency depends upon lubricat¬ ing efficiency. For over half a century the Vacuum Oil Company has specialized upon this great problem.

Today this company is looked to for cor¬ rect lubrication by operators of every known kind of power machinery.

Gargoyle Lubricants are known the world over. The red Gargoyle on cans and Lubricating Oils barrels points the way to higher mechani¬ cal efficiency. A grade for each type of service

VACUUM OIL COMPANY

186 Slob&^Wermeke “Built-To-Endurc” STRUCTURAL STRENGTH SAFES have been awarded not only the Underwriters’ label as a proof of fire resistance, but are built far beyond the requirements of the Underwriters’ Standard Test m Fire Resistance, Structural Strength, Thief or Burglar Resistance. The principles of construction originated ty us in the Steel Safe gave the greatest Strength in the Structure. The Globe-Wernicke Structural Strength Safe is built not only to resist all the heat which can be generated in one place in a burning building but the fall plus the crushing load of a collapsing build¬ ing. Structural Strength is most important in a Safe because the fall and the crushing load of collaps¬ ing buildings is the cause in most cases of the contents being lost.

GLOBE-WERNICKE STEEL FIL¬ ING CABINETS FIT PERFECTLY IN GLOBE-WERNICKE STRUC¬ TURAL STRENGTH SAFES. The size of the interior is exact to take the sections and there is no lost space.

This Safe is fitted with (beginning at top) One No. A-33 Plain Shelf. Five No. 2-A Partitions 2 inches high. One No. A-33 Plain Shelf. One No. 7317 D. F. (33 inch full width steel section) 6 document files. One No. 7617 C. I. (16%-inch half width steel section) 3 card index files 3x5 and 3 lock boxes. One No. 7617 C. S. P. (16%-inoh half width steel section) locker or cupboard. One No. 7317 V. L. (33-inch full width steel section), 2 vertical letter files. One No. A-33 Plain Shelf. Two No. A-33 Roller Shelves.

This particular interior is merely one suggestion. Steel sections, roller shelves, plain shelves and partitions can be supplied to fit any need. Any Globe-Wernicke 33-inch width Filling Cabinet section of the 17-inch depth can be used in the safe. The half sections can also be used side by side.

Catalogue No. 800 Explains all Globe-Wernicke Filing Cabinets. General Supply Commitite’s Item No. 9556 Slobe^Vernickc Co. WASHINGTON, D. C., SALESROOM 1216-1^0 F STREET N. W. 187 AMERICAN fONSULAILKULLETIN

LIKE SHIFTING SANDS necessities of life is reasonable from an American standpoint. (Continued from page 170) These lapidaries search the world in quest of change for the worse and not the better,” accord¬ material for their factories, and not a little of it ing to the old matrimonial saying. formerly came from the United States. And how about this? Winthrop R. Scott is One of the specialties of the lapidaries at Idar- shifted from Paris to Cape Haitien. We can Oberstein is the artificial coloring of quartz and almost experience his emotions when leaving the semi-precious stones of different kinds. These Ville Lumiere to drop down into the Haitien town : stones are given an artificial color and baked in of darksome population. And th s one: G. P. furnaces, the result being very good imitations of Waller leaves Bizerta, France’s Tunisian naval precious stones. base—one of the most interesting places histori¬ cally and topographically in Northern Africa— Status Of Foreign Service Bills to dwell at little Ceiba, Spanish Honduras, of (See BULLETIN for April) which place one redeeming feature is that it is in close communication with New Orleans. The Rogers Bill has not yet been acted upon by the House of Representatives, but it is under¬ And thus the list continues juggling men from stood that a definite arrangement has now been tropics to arctics, from wilderness to metropolis, from savage lands to civilization and back again. concluded for its early consideration, when it Yes, it’s the life! will be expected to pass in sufficient time to avoid any complications in the Senate. The K etc ham Bill, relating to the Department of Agriculture, was called up on Calendar Wed¬ IDAR-OBERSTEIN nesday, April 16, and passed by a large majority. (Continued from page 176) The Winslow Bill, relating to the Department being about $1 to $1.25 per day, but then living of Commerce, although reported to the House conditions are simple and the cost of the principal has not yet been considered by that body.

To the Consular Representatives of the United States:

The United States Fidelity and Guaranty Company puts at your disposal its services in writing your bond. Special attention is given to the requirements of consular officers, our Washington manager, Mr. Lee B. Mosher, having formerly been in the Consular Service. When you have in mind any form of bond, this company will be pleased to write it for you. JOHN R. BLAND, President.

United States Fidelity and Guaranty Company

RESOURCES OVER $34,000,000.00

Washington Branch Office Suite 327, Southern Building, 15th and H Streets, Washington, D. C.

188 American Ships for Americans THERE is an American Shipping Board vessels — freight or passenger ves- should know why the Ameri- sel sailing to and from all can Merchant Marine is now principal ports of the world. a triumphant reality; why sea' Every prospective shipper soned and experienced ship¬ and traveller should know of pers and travellers recommend the many advantages of U. S. American ships.

INFORMATION DEPARTMENT 2215 WASHINGTON, D. C.

Send the blank below today for com¬ plete information regarding your Gov¬ INFORMATION BLANK To U. S. Shipping Board ernment’s steamship service to all parts Information Dept. ?>\e> Washington, D. C.

of the world. In every case agents and Please send complete sets of literature descriptive of operators of the ships are companies all steamship- lines operated by the Shipping Board. of long experience and wide repute. In My Name every service the ships are new or en¬ Address tirely reconditioned. Write today. V V J WHAT YOUR CONSULS

THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE Protection of American citizens Citizenship Protection of American interests Registration of Americans Political and economic reports Passport services, Americana Consular Courts in extraterritorial countries Alien visa control Notarial services Deaths of Americans Depositions and commissions Estates of deceased Americans Relief of American seamen Witnesses to marriages Estates of American seamen Recordation of vital statistics

Treasury Department Oepaftmcnt of Commerce Protection of revenue Extension of American trade Documentation of merchandise Voluntary trade reports Valuation of imports Called-for reports and investigations Landing certificates Trade opportunities Protection of Public Health Navigation Bills of Health * American vessels; entry and clearance Sanitary reports American seamen; shipment, discharge, decertlo* Disinfection of merchandise Marine protests Prohibited importations Smuggling Reports on Prohibition laws Fisheries Lighthouses Valuation of currencies Measures and standards War Risk Insurance Investigations, reports, payments Coast and Geodetic surveys

Department of Agriculture Crop reports and estimates Navy Department Market reports Reports on Plant introduction Hydrographic data and charts Weather reports Lighthouses Disinfection hides, rags, etc Harbor and coaling facilities Plant quarantine Wireless stations Insecticide and fungicide regulations River and Harbor markings Reports on Irrigation projects Geographic and marine data Entomology . Movements of vessels Biology Horticulture General agricultural matters

Department of Justice Post Office Department Extradition Reports on Estates American seamen Postal conventions and regulations Parcels post Notarial services Postal banking Depositions and commissions American postoffice at Shanghai Reports regarding anarchists, eta

Interior Department War Department Pension matters Purchases of Patent applications Raw materials Patent interference cas Supplies and equipment Reports on Geographical data Education Topographical data Geological surveys Philippine matters Mines and mining Military inventions Reclamation Military progress Conservation

^apartment of Labor 8hipping Board Financing vessels Immigration Purchase supplies, coal, etc. Chinese Exclusion laws Shipment and discharge of crews Section Six Certificate* Settlement of disputes Reports on Aid in obtaining cargoes Acting as Agent for Shipping Board Labor conditions Protection of interests of Board Labor legislation

Federal Reserve Board Panama Canal Financial reports Marine data Exchange matters Health conditions nearby countries . H

The American Citizen in Genera. General correspondence Replies to individual trade Inquiries Answers to miscellaneous inquiries Receipt and forwarding of mail Advice and assistance to travelers, tourists and salesmen .Representation Notarial acts Protection of interests so far a9 laws and regulations permit Welfare and whereabouts

American Consuls serve practically every branch of our Government, every business man and, either directly or indirectly, every private citizen. This chart shows how information gathered by them is concentrated in the Department of State and then distributed to the various governmental agencies and to concerns and individuals. A Consul's more important dutiea are; shown, but by no means all of them.