Negeri Kelantan Darul Naim

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Negeri Kelantan Darul Naim Maklumat Lanjut DOSM/DOSM.KELANTAN/1.2020/SIRI 80 NEGERI KELANTAN DARUL NAIM Pengenalan Kelantan yang dikenali sebagai Tanah Serendah Sekebun Bunga, Tanjung Pura, Negeri Cik Siti Wan Kembang dan Serambi Mekah pada masa dahulu adalah berasal daripada perkataan “kilatan” atau “kelam hutan” atau “gelam hutan” (Melaleuca Leucadendron). Negeri ini merupakan salah sebuah negeri yang tertua di Semenanjung Malaysia dan dipercayai telah diduduki sejak zaman prasejarah lagi dengan penemuan barang purba seperti kapak batu dan bahan-bahan tembikar di Gua Cha, di tebing barat Sungai Nenggiri. Kelantan pada awalnya diperintah oleh raja perempuan pertama bergelar “Seri Maharaja Puteri” iaitu Cik Siti Wan Kembang, diikuti oleh Puteri Saadung (anak angkat Cik Siti Wan Kembang) dan raja-raja seterusnya. Kelantan yang mempunyai keluasan 15,040km2 adalah terletak di timur laut Semenanjung Malaysia, berhadapan dengan Laut China Selatan dan bersempadan dengan Thailand di sebelah Utara. Sektor perkhidmatan merupakan penyumbang terbesar kepada ekonomi Negeri Kelantan dengan nilai RM16.7bilion diikuti dengan sektor pertanian yang menyumbang RM5.4bilion kepada KDNK negeri pada tahun 2018. Negeri ini mempunyai 11 jajahan merangkumi Jajahan Bachok, Kota Bharu (Ibu Negeri), Machang, Pasir Mas, Pasir Puteh, Tanah Merah, Tumpat, Gua Musang, Kuala Krai, Jeli dan Kecil Lojing. Faktor persempadanan Negeri Kelantan dengan Negara Thailand menyebabkan banyak aspek kebudayaan dan corak hidup negara berkenaan mempengaruhi masyarakat di Negeri Kelantan, termasuklah loghat pertuturan, makanan, pakaian dan sebagainya. Kelantan turut kaya dengan khazanah warisan bangsa yang tak lapuk di hujan dan tak lekang dek panas. Permainan hiburan tradisional rakyat iaitu dikir barat, wayang kulit, gasing, wau bulan, kertok dan rebana ubi serta seni ukiran kayu, pertukangan perak, batik dan songket terus utuh dan mampu menjadi tarikan pelancong sepanjang zaman. 1 Penduduk dan Isi Rumah Evolusi Penduduk Bilangan Isi Rumah 3.3 2500.00 3.5 e Penduduk 2020 : 3.0 2000.00 1906.70 ribu 2.5 • 318.5 1500.00 2010 2.0 ribu Penduduk 1970: 1000.00 1.5 707.30 ribu • 337.4 1.0 2015 500.00 ribu JUMLAH PENDUDUK ('000) PENDUDUK JUMLAH 0.5 • 359.5 0.00 0.0 2020e ribu 1976 1990 2004 2018 1970 1972 1974 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2020e TAHUN (%) TAHUNAN PENDUDUK PERTUMBUHAN KADAR Kelantan Lelaki Perempuan Kadar Pertumbuhan Penduduk Tahunan Jumlah penduduk Negeri Kelantan dianggarkan meningkat melebihi 2 kali ganda dari 707.30 ribu orang pada tahun 1970 kepada 1906.70 ribu orang pada tahun 2020. Bilangan penduduk perempuan melebihi lelaki sejak tahun 1970-2001 (1970: Lelaki = 351.3 ribu, Perempuan = 356.0 ribu), walau bagaimanapun bilangan penduduk lelaki telah mengatasi bilangan penduduk perempuan bermula pada tahun 2003- 2020e (2020e: Lelaki = 963.9 ribu, Perempuan = 942.8 ribu). Nisbah jantina adalah 99 lelaki per 100 wanita pada tahun 1970, berbanding 102 lelaki per 100 wanita pada tahun 2020. Manakala kadar pertumbuhan penduduk yang tertinggi adalah pada tahun 1991, iaitu 3.3%, namun begitu kadar tersebut terus menurun sehingga tahun 2020e kepada 1.2%. Struktur dan Piramid Penduduk 2010 & 2020 2030 & 2040 KUMPULAN BILANGAN BILANGAN BILANGAN KUMPULAN BILANGAN UMUR PENDUDUK UMUR PENDUDUK PENDUDUK 11.7 PENDUDUK 27.7 80+ 20.4 10.2 80+ 7.08.8 PEREMPUAN (‘000) 15.8 12.4 LELAKI (‘000) PEREMPUAN (‘000) 11.7 LELAKI (‘000) 29.4 75 - 79 22.7 7.4 6.08.0 19.2 15.7 19.8 36.5 70 - 74 29.6 13.0 70 - 74 11.217.0 30.9 25.1 26.9 39.6 65 - 69 33.4 17.7 15.1 22.9 39.1 32.9 36.5 39.5 60 - 64 41.1 24.6 60 - 64 24.6 30.8 42.9 36.8 43.1 44.6 53.2 31.0 29.0 37.2 43.4 55 - 59 37.9 45.3 57.2 63.5 40.9 50 - 54 36.6 38.9 41.9 50 - 54 44.2 91.1 98.1 45.9 46.1 41.2 38.6 46.3 45 - 49 55.4 90.7 97.4 44.6 47.5 40 - 44 41.6 43.4 58.5 40 - 44 65.2 86.9 91.5 49.9 46.2 40.3 56.6 92.6 35 - 39 99.7 68.3 80.7 86.4 59.0 43.4 30 - 34 45.1 91.7 30 - 34 98.4 106.0 107.7 115.6 94.3 47.4 55.4 87.7 25 - 29 92.3 99.7 113.2 121.0 93.1 59.5 20 - 24 65.6 81.4 20 - 24 87.0 95.5 119.5 127.3 89.2 94.1 101.2 108.0 15 - 19 115.7 92.9 123.4 130.8 83.3 92.5 10 - 14 99.2 112.6 10 - 14 120.1 100.0 124.3 131.7 95.6 88.0 92.4 119.2 5 - 9 126.8 99.3 128.1 135.3 92.7 81.7 0 - 4 87.1 124.0 0 - 4 131.5 100 50 0 0 100 150 100 50 0 0.0 50.0 100.0 150.0 2020e 2010 2020e 2010 2040 2030 2040 2030 Piramid penduduk Negeri Kelantan berbentuk progresif pada tahun 2010 dan dijangka kekal sehingga tahun 2040. Piramid progresif menggambarkan kadar kelahiran yang tinggi, manakala kadar kematian bayi pula adalah rendah. Jumlah penduduk muda yang ramai akan menjadi aset bagi tenaga buruh pada masa akan datang manakala jangka hayat bagi warga emas dianggarkan semakin meningkat pada tahun 2040. 2 Peratus Penduduk Mengikut Kumpulan Umur 2010 2015 2020e Peratusan penduduk berumur 0-14 0-14 34.0 31.2 29.6 tahun (umur muda) semakin menurun Tahun dari 34.0% pada tahun 2010 kepada 15-64 29.6% pada tahun 2020. Keadaan 60.5 62.8 63.8 sebaliknya berlaku bagi penduduk Tahun berumur 15-64 tahun (umur bekerja), di 65+ 5.5 6.0 6.6 mana peratusannya semakin meningkat Tahun dari 60.5% pada tahun 2010 kepada 63.8%. Begitu juga bagi penduduk Umur Penengah berumur 65 tahun dan lebih yang turut meningkat dari 5.5% kepada 6.6% dalam 2010: 2015: 2020e: tempoh yang sama. Situasi ini 22.3 23.5 25.3 menggambarkan jangkaan hayat warga tua yang semakin meningkat disebabkan oleh keberkesanan peningkatan taraf Peningkatan umur penengah dari 22.3 pada tahun 2010 ke kesihatan yang dilaksanakan oleh 25.3 pada tahun 2020 didorong oleh peningkatan komposisi kerajaan. penduduk umur bekerja dan umur tua. Kelahiran dan Kematian Kadar Kelahiran Kasar (CBR)1 Kadar Kematian Kasar (CDR)1 CBR lelaki adalah melebihi CDR lelaki adalah melebihi perempuan iaitu 21.3% perempuan iaitu 6.7% berbanding 20.0%. 2018: 20.6% berbanding 5.4% CBR tertinggi adalah di 2017: 21.4% CDR tertinggi adalah di Jajahan Pasir Puteh, iaitu Jajahan Pasir Puteh, iaitu 22.9%. 7.3%. 2018: 3.0% 2018: 6.1% 2017: 3.2% 2017: 6.1% Jangkaan Hayat Kadar Kesuburan Jumlah (TFR)2 e Jangkaan Hayat Ketika Lahir bagi TFR Negeri Kelantan yang 2020 : 72.8 p lelaki lebih rendah daripada mencatatkan nilai 3.0% pada tahun 2019 : 72.6 perempuan, iaitu masing-masing 2018 masih berada di atas paras 69.6 tahun dan 76.2 tahun penggantian 2.1. Ini menunjukkan (jurang perbezaan jangka hayat bahawa purata bilangan bayi oleh Kesuburan dan ialah 6.6 tahun) pada tahun 2020. seorang wanita sepanjang tempoh Jangka Hayat kesuburannya mencukupi untuk Seorang lelaki pada umur 15 menggantikan dirinya dan tahun dijangka hidup selama 55.5 pasangannya. tahun lagi dan perempuan selama 62.0 tahun lagi. Nota: Purata umur ibu pada kelahiran hidup 1 Kadar adalah bagi setiap 1,000 penduduk pertama juga semakin meningkat dari 2 Kadar adalah bagi setiap 1,000 perempuan yang berumur 15-49 tahun P Permulaan 27.5 pada tahun 2017 kepada 27.6 e Anggaran pada tahun 2018. 3 Evolusi Urbanisasi 1,200.0 Bilangan penduduk di luar bandar 939.6 942.9 945.3 947.3 948.6 949.3 949.5 1,000.0 917.7 924.6 930.4 935.4 melebihi penduduk di bandar pada 972.5 1,010.1 tahun 2010-2018. Walau 800.0 900.1 935.9 831.2 865.1 bagaimanapun, keadaan sebaliknya 765.3 797.9 600.0 733.5 berlaku bermula pada tahun 2019, di 672.2 702.5 mana bilangan penduduk bandar telah 400.0 melebihi penduduk luar bandar, iaitu PENDUDUK ('000) masing-masing 972.5 ribu orang dan 200.0 949.3 ribu orang. Kadar ini terus 0.0 meningkat kepada 1,010.1 ribu orang 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 pada tahun 2020 seiring dengan TAHUN pembangunan negara. Bandar Luar Bandar Migrasi Penduduk Migrasi Dalam Migrasi Antara Migrasi Sebahagian besar migran Negeri Negeri Antrabangsa1 masuk ke Kelantan berasal •2018: 51.4% •2018: 36.8% •2018: 11.8% dari Selangor (3,600 orang) •2016: 53.1% •2016: 37.6% •2016: 9.3% dan Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur (1,900) orang pada tahun 2018. 2018: 8,200 2018: 19,600 2016: 10,000 2016: 21,600 Nisbah Migrasi Masuk Migrasi Bersih Keberkesanan2 Migrasi Keluar Migrasi Kasar 2018: 11,400 2018: 3,200 2018: 16.4% 2016: 11,600 2016: 1,600 2016: 7.3% Warga Tua dan Penuaan 60 tahun dan lebih 65 tahun dan lebih Berdasarkan kriteria United Nations, 2020e: 2020e: Kelantan akan menjadi negeri menua 194.3 ribu 126.9 ribu pada tahun 2023 apabila penduduk 2019: 2019: berumur 65 tahun dan lebih mencapai 187.3 ribu 122.2 ribu 7% daripada jumlah penduduk. Nota: 1 Tidak termasuk migrasi dari Malaysia ke negara lain 2 Menunjukkan bilangan penduduk yang bertambah bagi setiap 100 orang migrasi kasar e Anggaran 4 Perumahan Bil.
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