LARGE SCALE SESSIONS Plan with Mix 100 Km/H Speed, Which Will Be the First Step of HTS Maglev Engineering
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Cahier Technique No. 207
Collection Technique .......................................................................... Cahier technique no. 207 Electric motors ... and how to improve their control and protection E. Gaucheron Building a New Electric World "Cahiers Techniques" is a collection of documents intended for engineers and technicians, people in the industry who are looking for more in-depth information in order to complement that given in product catalogues. Furthermore, these "Cahiers Techniques" are often considered as helpful "tools" for training courses. They provide knowledge on new technical and technological developments in the electrotechnical field and electronics. They also provide better understanding of various phenomena observed in electrical installations, systems and equipments. Each "Cahier Technique" provides an in-depth study of a precise subject in the fields of electrical networks, protection devices, monitoring and control and industrial automation systems. The latest publications can be downloaded from the Schneider Electric internet web site. Code: http://www.schneider-electric.com Section: Press Please contact your Schneider Electric representative if you want either a "Cahier Technique" or the list of available titles. The "Cahiers Techniques" collection is part of the Schneider Electric’s "Collection technique". Foreword The author disclaims all responsibility subsequent to incorrect use of information or diagrams reproduced in this document, and cannot be held responsible for any errors or oversights, or for the consequences of using information and diagrams contained in this document. Reproduction of all or part of a "Cahier Technique" is authorised with the compulsory mention: "Extracted from Schneider Electric "Cahier Technique" no. ....." (please specify). no. 207 Electric motors ... and how to improve their control and protection Etienne Gaucheron Graduate electronics engineer by training. -
The Design of a Permanent Magnet In-Wheel Motor with Dual-Stator and Dual-Field-Excitation Used in Electric Vehicles
energies Article The Design of a Permanent Magnet In-Wheel Motor with Dual-Stator and Dual-Field-Excitation Used in Electric Vehicles Peng Gao *, Yuxi Gu and Xiaoyuan Wang School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China; [email protected] (Y.G.); [email protected] (X.W.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-022-2740-6705 Received: 15 January 2018; Accepted: 8 February 2018; Published: 12 February 2018 Abstract: The in-wheel motor has received more attention owing to its simple structure, high transmission efficiency, flexible control, and easy integration design. It is difficult to achieve high performance with conventional motors due to their dimensions and structure. This paper presents a new dual-stator and dual-field-excitation permanent-magnet in-wheel motor (DDPMIM) that is based on the structure of the conventional in-wheel motor and the structure of both the radial and axial magnetic field motor. The finite element analysis (FEA) model of the DDPMIM is established and compared with that of the conventional in-wheel motor. The results show that the DDPMIM achieves a higher output torque at low speeds and that the flux-weakening control strategy is not needed in the full speed range. Keywords: dual-stator and dual-field-excitation permanent-magnet in-wheel motors (DDPMIM); back electromotive force (EMF); electric vehicles (EVs); in-wheel motors; axial flux motor; radial flux motor 1. Introduction Electric vehicles (EVs) will soon become a common mode of transport. Electric motors used in EVs have to satisfy many requirements: (1) a high power density and a high torque density; (2) a high output torque at low speeds and a high power output at high speeds; (3) an ability to operate within a wide range of speed in a highly efficient manner; (4) high reliability; and (5) low cost [1]. -
3-D FEM Analysis, Prototyping and Tests of an Axial Flux Permanent-Magnet Wind Generator
energies Article 3-D FEM Analysis, Prototyping and Tests of an Axial Flux Permanent-Magnet Wind Generator Joya C. Kappatou 1,*, Georgios D. Zalokostas 2 and Dimitrios A. Spyratos 3 1 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece 2 Electrical and Computer Engineer, Amazonon 3 Evrytania, 36100 Karpenissi, Greece; [email protected] 3 Electrical and Computer Engineering student, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +30-261-099-6413 Received: 20 June 2017; Accepted: 23 August 2017; Published: 26 August 2017 Abstract: This paper contributes to the research and development of Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines (AFPMSM); and in particular the design, the construction stages and measurements of a double rotor single internal non-ferromagnetic stator with a trapezoidal-concentrated winding machine for wind power generation applications. The initial dimensions of the machine were calculated using analytical formulas and a model was created and analyzed using the 3D Finite Element Method (FEM). The shape of the magnets of the machine was optimized and presented in a previous paper and a prototype was constructed and tested in the laboratory. In addition, a temperature test of the stator was performed experimentally. Finally, the effect of the different axial widths of the two air gaps on the electrical magnitudes and the field of the machine were investigated using both FEM analysis and experiments. Keywords: Axial flux machine; finite element analysis; permanent-magnet generator; wind power generator 1. Introduction Research on the design and construction of Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines (AFPMSM) has been attracting increasing scientific interest over the past few years. -
And Radial-Flux Out-Runner Vernier Permanent Magnet Motor /Author
MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC RESEARCH LABORATORIES https://www.merl.com High-Torque Direct-Drive Machine with Combined Axial- and Radial-flux Out-runner Vernier Permanent Magnet Motor Zhou, Lei; Guo, Feng; Wang, Hongyu; Wang, Bingnan TR2021-050 May 18, 2021 Abstract This paper presents the design, modeling, and simulation for a novel type of high-torque motor, targeting various direct-drive applications, such as robotic actuator, precision motion rotatry stages, and in-wheel drive for electrical vehicles. The key idea of the motor design is to use a combination of (a) combined axial- and radial-flux electric machine and (b) Vernier permanent magnet (VPM) motor. Such combination effectively increases the torque genera- tion capability for the proposed motor, and makes it attractive for direct-drive applications. Analytical model for the motor’s performance is derived and is validated using finite element method (FEM), and is used for optimizing the motor design parameters. Motor’s losses and efficiency are evaluated by finite element simulations for various magnetic material selections. The mechanical design for the motor is also discussed. The simulation result of the proposed motor demonstrates a 1.5x torque improvement compared with a baseline off-she-shelf direct- drive machine of the same size. The comparison shows that the proposed design is promising for the next-generation high-torque direct-drive motors. International Electric Machine & Drives Conference (IEMDC) c 2021 MERL. This work may not be copied or reproduced in whole or in part for any commercial purpose. Permission to copy in whole or in part without payment of fee is granted for nonprofit educational and research purposes provided that all such whole or partial copies include the following: a notice that such copying is by permission of Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc.; an acknowledgment of the authors and individual contributions to the work; and all applicable portions of the copyright notice. -
Dynamic DC-Link Voltage Adjustment for Electric Vehicles Considering the Cross Saturation Effects
energies Article Dynamic DC-link Voltage Adjustment for Electric Vehicles Considering the Cross Saturation Effects Huimin Li, Shoudao Huang, Derong Luo *, Jian Gao and Peng Fan College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; [email protected] (H.L.); [email protected] (S.H.); [email protected] (J.G.); [email protected] (P.F.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-0731-8882-2461 Received: 4 July 2018; Accepted: 3 August 2018; Published: 7 August 2018 Abstract: The demands of remarkable reliability and high power density of traction systems are becoming more and more rigorous. The conflicting requirements imposed on the control strategy are higher accuracy and higher efficiency over the whole speed range. However, parameter variations caused by the cross coupling and magnetic saturation effect (omitted from the cross saturation effects in the following) are usually neglected in conventional control strategies, which could reduce the control precision. In order to fully consider the influence of parameter changes on the motor control and derive an approach that could realize the maximum efficiency during the whole speed range, this paper proposes a dynamic DC-link voltage adjustment strategy considering the cross coupling and magnetic saturation effects. The strategy can be categorized into three parts. Firstly, the torque request is transformed to the optimal current reference signal. Secondly, the differences between the setpoint and the real-time feedback signals of torque and voltage can be applied in the linearized function in the did,q coordinate. The solution guides the current vector into the optimal direction under the current and voltage limits to ensure the safety and reliability of the motor. -
Review of Generator Systems for Direct-Drive Wind Turbines
Review of Generator Systems for Direct-Drive Wind Turbines D. Bang, H. Polinder, G. Shrestha, J.A. Ferreira Electrical Power Processing / DUWIND Delft University of Technology Mekelweg 4, 2628 CD Delft The Netherlands Phone: +31 (0)15 27 85791, Fax: +31 (0)15 27 82968 [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract- The objective of this paper is to review direct-drive and geared generator systems and to identify suitable generator concepts for direct-drive wind turbines. The comparison of different generator systems in literature is discussed with the criteria based on the energy yield, cost, and weight. Different promising permanent-magnet (PM) machines proposed in literature are also discussed to find suitable generator type, because direct-drive PM machines are more superior in terms of the energy yield, reliability and maintenance problem. Finally, suitable concepts to overcome the disadvantages of direct-drive are suggested considering both electromagnetic and mechanical structure. I. INTRODUCTION Various wind turbine concepts have been developed and built to maximize the energy harnessed, to minimize the cost, and to improve the power quality during the last two decades. Such turbine concepts can be classified with a view to the rotational speed, the power regulation, and the generator system. When considering the construction of the generator system, the turbines can be classified into the direct-drive and the geared concepts. When focusing on the generator type, the generator system can be classified into the electrically excited (EE) machine and the permanent magnet (PM) machine. The comparisons of different generator systems for wind turbines have been proposed in a number of literatures. -
Design of a PCB Statorcoreless Axial Flux Permanent Magnet
414 Wang et al. / Front Inform Technol Electron Eng 2019 20(3):414-424 Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering www.jzus.zju.edu.cn; engineering.cae.cn; www.springerlink.com ISSN 2095-9184 (print); ISSN 2095-9230 (online) E-mail: [email protected] Design of a PCB stator coreless axial flux permanent magnet * synchronous motor based on a novel topology Halbach array Xiao-yuan WANG, Xiang LI†‡, Chun-peng LI, Si-jia XU, Le-tao LING College of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China †E-mail: [email protected] Received June 2, 2017; Revision accepted Sept. 13, 2017; Crosschecked Mar. 14, 2019 Abstract: A novel topology Halbach permanent magnet array is proposed and applied to the design of a printed circuit board (PCB) axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) motor. Compared with the traditional coreless AFPM motor, this novel topology for a Halbach permanent magnet array PCB stator AFPM motor has larger air-gap magnetic flux density and air-gap flux per pole. The magnetic flux leakage is effectively reduced, and the air-gap magnetic density is close to the sine wave. Results of the finite element analysis and prototype experiments verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the novel Halbach permanent magnet array PCB stator motor. A reference basis and practical value for the design of the PCB AFPM motor are provided. Key words: Axial flux permanent magnet synchronous motor; Printed circuit board; Halbach permanent magnet array; Finite element method https://doi.org/10.1631/FITEE.1700345 CLC number: TM351 1 Introduction 2011); thus, the motor servo is good and conducive for batch production (Wu, 2012). -
ELECTRICAL SCIENCE Module 10 AC Generators
DOE Fundamentals ELECTRICAL SCIENCE Module 10 AC Generators Electrical Science AC Generators TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Co nte nts TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................... i LIST OF FIGURES ...........................................................................................................ii LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................ iii REFERENCES ................................................................................................................iv OBJECTIVES .................................................................................................................. v AC GENERATOR COMPONENTS ................................................................................. 1 Field ............................................................................................................................. 1 Armature ...................................................................................................................... 1 Prime Mover ................................................................................................................ 1 Rotor ............................................................................................................................ 1 Stator ........................................................................................................................... 2 Slip Rings ................................................................................................................... -
Physics, Chapter 32: Electromagnetic Induction
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Robert Katz Publications Research Papers in Physics and Astronomy 1-1958 Physics, Chapter 32: Electromagnetic Induction Henry Semat City College of New York Robert Katz University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/physicskatz Part of the Physics Commons Semat, Henry and Katz, Robert, "Physics, Chapter 32: Electromagnetic Induction" (1958). Robert Katz Publications. 186. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/physicskatz/186 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Research Papers in Physics and Astronomy at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Robert Katz Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. 32 Electromagnetic Induction 32-1 Motion of a Wire in a Magnetic Field When a wire moves through a uniform magnetic field of induction B, in a direction at right angles to the field and to the wire itself, the electric charges within the conductor experience forces due to their motion through this magnetic field. The positive charges are held in place in the conductor by the action of interatomic forces, but the free electrons, usually one or two per atom, are caused to drift to one side of the conductor, thus setting up an electric field E within the conductor which opposes the further drift of electrons. The magnitude of this electric field E may be calculated by equating the force it exerts on a charge q, to the force on this charge due to its motion through the magnetic field of induction B; thus Eq = Bqv, from which E = Bv. -
Review of Axial Flux Induction Motor for Automotive Applications F
Review of Axial Flux Induction Motor for Automotive Applications F. C. Mushid and D. G. Dorrell Abstract -- Hybrid and electric vehicles have been the focus axial-flux machine. of many academic and industrial studies to reduce transport However, the working principal of both axial and radial flux pollution; they are now established products. In hybrid and machines is obviously the same. They may be characterized electric vehicles, the drive motor should have high torque by their conductor geometry and field orientation as shown in density, high power density, high efficiency, strong physical structure and variable speed range. An axial flux induction Fig. 1: the radial-field machine, is where the airgap flux is motor is an interesting solution, where the motor is a double radial and the conductors are axial; and axial-field machine, sided axial flux machine. This can significantly increase torque is where the airgap flux is axial and the conductors are radial. density. In this paper a review of the axial flux motor for Axial flux are more commonly brushless permanent magnet automotive applications, and the different possible topologies for machines. [4] compares the advantages of the axial flux the axial field motor, are presented. permanent magnet and the induction motor for radial flux machines. It was discussed that due to limited rare-earth Index Terms-- Axial flux induction motor, radial flux machine, hybrid and electric vehicles, single and double side magnet material resources, an axial flux induction machine rotor. could be a better choice for automotive applications; the use of high-power variable-speed induction motor drives have I. -
Design of a Rail Gun System for Mitigating Disruptions in Fusion Reactors
© Copyright 2017 Wei-Siang Lay Design of a Rail Gun System for Mitigating Disruptions in Fusion Reactors Wei-Siang Lay A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Science University of Washington 2017 Reading Committee: Thomas R. Jarboe, Chair Roger Raman, Thesis Advisor Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Aeronautics & Astronautics University of Washington Abstract Design of a Rail Gun System for Mitigating Disruptions in Fusion Reactors Wei-Siang Lay Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Thomas R. Jarboe Aeronautics & Astronautics Magnetic fusion devices, such as the tokamak, that carry a large amount of current to generate the plasma confining magnetic fields have the potential to lose magnetic stability control. This can lead to a major plasma disruption, which can cause most of the stored plasma energy to be lost to localized regions on the walls, causing severe damage. This is the most important issue for the $20B ITER device (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor) that is under construction in France. By injecting radiative materials deep into the plasma, the plasma energy could be dispersed more evenly on the vessel surface thus mitigating the harmful consequences of a disruption. Methods currently planned for ITER rely on the slow expansion of gases to propel the radiative payloads, and they also need to be located far away from the reactor vessel, which further slows down the response time of the system. Rail guns are being developed for aerospace applications, such as for mass transfer from the surface of the moon and asteroids to low earth orbit. A miniatured version of this aerospace technology seems to be particularly well suited to meet the fast time response needs of an ITER disruption mitigation system. -
Electrician 3Rd Semester - Module 1 : DC Generator
Electrician 3rd Semester - Module 1 : DC Generator Questions: Level 1 5 What is the formula to calculate back emf of a D.C motor? 1 What is the name of the part marked ‘X’ in V A Eb = Volts DC generator? IaRa B Eb = V x Ia Ra Volts C Eb = V – Ia Ra Volts D Eb = V + Ia Ra Volts 6 What is the name of the part marked ‘X’ in DCgenerator? A Armature core B Armature core C Commutator raiser D Commutator segment 2 What is the name of D.C generator? A Pole tip B Pole coil C Pole core D Pole shoe 7 What is the name of the D.C generator? A Differential long shunt compound B Differential short shunt compound C Cumulative long shunt compound D Cumulative short shunt compound 3 Which rule is used to find the direction of induced emf in D.C generator? A Cork screw rule A Shunt generator B Right hand palm rule B Series generator C Fleming’s left hand rule C Compound generator D Fleming’s right hand rule D Separately excited generator 4 Which formula is used to calculate the 8 Which energy is converted into electrical generated emf in D.C generator? energy by generator? φZN A Heat A Generated emf = Volt 60 B Kinetic φZN A C Chemical B Generated emf = x Volt 60 P D Mechanical φZN P 9 What is the name of D.C generator? C Generated emf = x Volt 60 A ZN P D Generated emf = x Volt 60 X φ A A Short shunt compound generator B Long shunt compound generator C Differential compound generator D Cumulative compound generator - NIMI Question Bank - Page1/ 7 10 What is the principle of D.C generator? 14 How many parallel paths in duplex lap A Cork screw rule winding