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Uloga Knjižnice U Zaštiti Privatnosti Na Internetu I Borbi Protiv Masovnog Nadziranja

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Uloga Knjižnice U Zaštiti Privatnosti Na Internetu I Borbi Protiv Masovnog Nadziranja Uloga knjižnice u zaštiti privatnosti na internetu i borbi protiv masovnog nadziranja Džapo, Paula Master's thesis / Diplomski rad 2016 Degree Grantor / Ustanova koja je dodijelila akademski / stručni stupanj: University of Zadar / Sveučilište u Zadru Permanent link / Trajna poveznica: https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:162:257447 Rights / Prava: In copyright Download date / Datum preuzimanja: 2021-10-06 Repository / Repozitorij: University of Zadar Institutional Repository of evaluation works Sveučilište u Zadru Odjel za informacijske znanosti Diplomski sveučilišni studij Informacijske znanosti - knjižničarstvo Paula Džapo Uloga knjižnica u zaštiti privatnosti na internetu i borbi protiv masovnog nadziranja Diplomski rad Zadar, 2016. Sveučilište u Zadru Odjel za informacijske znanosti Diplomski sveučilišni studij Informacijske znanosti - knjižničarstvo Uloga knjižnica u zaštiti privatnosti na internetu i borbi protiv masovnog nadziranja Diplomski rad Student/ica: Mentor/ica: Paula Džapo doc. dr. sc. Martina Dragija Ivanović Zadar, 2016. Izjava o akademskoj čestitosti Ja, Paula Džapo, ovime izjavljujem da je moj diplomski rad pod naslovom Uloga knjižnica u zaštiti privatnosti na internetu i borbi protiv masovnog nadziranja rezultat mojega vlastitog rada, da se temelji na mojim istraživanjima te da se oslanja na izvore i radove navedene u bilješkama i popisu literature. Ni jedan dio mojega rada nije napisan na nedopušten način, odnosno nije prepisan iz necitiranih radova i ne krši bilo čija autorska prava. Izjavljujem da ni jedan dio ovoga rada nije iskorišten u kojem drugom radu pri bilo kojoj drugoj visokoškolskoj, znanstvenoj, obrazovnoj ili inoj ustanovi. Sadržaj mojega rada u potpunosti odgovara sadržaju obranjenoga i nakon obrane uređenoga rada. Zadar, 30. rujan 2016. Sadržaj 1. Uvod ...............................................................................................................................6 2. Privatnost........................................................................................................................8 2.1. Definicija privatnosti ................................................................................................8 2.2. Podjela privatnosti .................................................................................................. 11 3. Privatnost na internetu .................................................................................................. 15 3.1. Prijetnje privatnosti na internetu ............................................................................. 16 3.1.1. Kolačići ........................................................................................................... 17 3.1.2. Web preglednici i tražilice ............................................................................... 18 3.1.3. Društvene mreže.............................................................................................. 20 3.1.4. Phishing .......................................................................................................... 24 3.1.5. Spyware i Adware ........................................................................................... 25 4. Masovno nadziranje ...................................................................................................... 27 4.1. NSA nadziranje ...................................................................................................... 29 4.2. Programi za nadziranje komunikacije na internetu .................................................. 33 4.2.1. PRISM ............................................................................................................ 33 4.2.2. XKeyscore ...................................................................................................... 34 4.2.3. Tempora .......................................................................................................... 35 5. Knjižnice i borba za privatnost korisnika ...................................................................... 36 5.1. Knjižnice protiv masovnog nadziranja .................................................................... 36 5.1.1. Problemi u čuvanju privatnosti korisnika u knjižnicama .................................. 36 5.1.2. Borba za privatnost korisnika nakon Drugog svjetskog rata ............................. 38 5.1.3. Domovinski zakon (Patriot Act) i Zakon o slobodi (FREEDOM Act) .............. 40 5.2. Kako zaštiti privatnost knjižničnih korisnika na internetu ....................................... 45 5.2.1. Alati za zaštitu privatnosti na internetu ............................................................ 48 5.2.2. Projekti zaštite privatnosti knjižničnih korisnika na internetu ........................... 50 6. Istraživanje o zaštiti privatnosti na internetu među studentima Informacijskih znanosti u Zadru .................................................................................................................................... 54 6.1. Svrha i cilj istraživanja ........................................................................................... 54 6.2. Metodologija istraživanja ....................................................................................... 55 6.2.1. Metoda i instrument istraživanja ...................................................................... 55 6.2.2. Tijek istraživanja ............................................................................................. 56 6.3. Rezultati istraživanja .............................................................................................. 56 6.3.1. Rezultati ankete ............................................................................................... 56 6.4. Rasprava i zaključak istraživanja ............................................................................ 64 7. Zaključak ...................................................................................................................... 69 8. Literatura ...................................................................................................................... 72 9. Abstract ........................................................................................................................ 77 10. Prilozi ........................................................................................................................ 78 Sažetak Ovaj rad se bavi temom zaštite privatnosti na internetu i ulozi knjižnica u tome te borbi protiv masovnog nadziranja. Rad je podijeljen u dva dijela, teorijski dio koji se temelji na literaturi i istraživački dio. Teorijski dio se bavi pojmovima i definicijama privatnosti i zaštite privatnosti na internetu te knjižničnoj ulozi u toj zaštiti kao i pojmom masovnog nadziranja koje su provodile vlade i obavještajne agencije, poput američke Nacionalne sigurnosne agencije (eng. NSA) i njihovim programima za nadziranje milijuna ljudi diljem svijeta. Također, teorijski dio se bavi knjižničnom borbom protiv masovnog nadziranja i alatima koje knjižničari koriste i edukacijama koje provode kako bi zaštitili privatnost korisnika na internetu. Istraživački dio rada prikazuje istraživanje provedeno metodom ankete među studentima Informacijskih znanosti na Sveučilištu u Zadru čiji cilj je bio saznati na koji način studenti štite privatnost na internetu te doznati njihova mišljenja o ulozi knjižnica u zaštiti privatnosti na internetu te borbi protiv masovnog nadziranja. Istraživanjem se želi osvijestiti buduće knjižničare o opasnostima kršenja privatnosti na internetu i masovnog nadziranja kojima se ugrožava njihova i privatnost knjižničnih korisnika. Ovaj rad je namjenjen kao temelj za daljnja istraživanja o navedenoj temi i moguću provedbu edukacija u knjižnicama kao i ukazivanje na probleme koji prijete privatnosti na internetu. Ključne riječi: privatnost, internet, knjižnice, masovno nadziranje 1. Uvod U vrijeme kada su tehnologije dio svakodnevice i mnoge osobe koriste barem jednu društvenu mrežu i svakodnevno pretražuju internet u potrazi za informacijama i drugim podacima koji ih zanimaju, privatnost na internetu je važnija no ikada. Korisnici društvenih mreža na svojim profilima ostavljaju veliku količinu osobnih podataka, od imena i prezimena, slika do broja mobitela, kao i raznih mišljenja i objava koje dijele s drugima. Kada pojedinac svjesno i svojom voljom dijeli te informacije, to radi jer to želi, no postoji mnogo slučajeva kada se njegova privatnost narušava jer su podaci koje je ta osoba željela zadržati za sebe ili podijeliti samo s određenim brojem ljudi, završili u krivim rukama. Danas pojam privatnosti obuhvaća ne samo privatnost koju pojedinac ima u svome domu, onu koja je „opipljiva“, već i privatnost na internetu. Uzevši u obzir činjenicu da privatnosti na internetu skoro pa nema, ovaj rad se bavi zaštitom privatnosti na internetu, ulozi knjižnica u zaštiti te njihovoj borbi protiv masovnog nadziranja. U radu su prikazani pojmovi privatnosti i načini zaštite, uloga knjižnica u zaštiti privatnosti na internetu i borbi protiv masovnog nadziranja. Prvi dio rada bavi se različitim definicijama i podijelama privatnosti te zašto osobe žele zaštiti svoju privatnost, privatnosti na internetu i prijetnjama koje se tamo nalaze. Drugi dio rada se bavi pojmom masovnog nadziranja posebno nadziranjem koje su provodile američka vlada i obavještajne agencije poput Nacionalne sigurnosne agencije (NSA) koje je razotkrio Edward Snowden i programi kojima su se služili kako bi došli do podataka milijuna osoba diljem svijeta. Treći dio rada se bavio
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