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The Brady Family of Athenry, Co. Galway: a Commercial Impact in the Early Twentieth Century

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The Brady Family of Athenry, Co. Galway: a Commercial Impact in the Early Twentieth Century The Brady Family of Athenry, Co. Galway: A Commercial Impact in the Early Twentieth Century. Edward Brady M.A. in Irish Studies National University of Ireland, Galway 2012 Supervisors: Dr. Tony Varley Dr. Aidan Kane 1 Table of Contents List of Illustrations 3 Acknowledgements 4 Abstract 5 Introduction 6 Chapter 1: Family 9 Chapter 2: Diversity 19 Chapter 3: Opportunity 37 Chapter 4: Constraints 48 Conclusion 57 Bibliography 59 2 List of Illustrations Fig. 1 Family Tree 10 Fig. 2 Paper Bag from Grocery of Mary Brady (circa 1905) 16 Fig. 3 Irish Land Commission Purchase Certificate (1910) 17 Fig. 4 Michael Brady (1930) 18 Fig. 5 Live Stock Exporters and Traders’ Association Membership 1930 30 Fig.6 Land Registry Document: 102 Acres (Moanbaun) 31 Fig. 7 Invoice from Joseph Mooney, Dublin (1931) 32 Fig.8 Indenture of Roger Brady (Tailor Apprenticeship) 1911 33 Fig. 9 Advertising Invoice (The Redemptorist Record) 1939 34 Fig. 10 Legal Letter (Confirmation of Public House Purchase) 1926 35 Fig. 11 Page from Public House Cash Book 1930 36 Fig. 12 Purchase of 100 Apex (Trinidad) Oilfield Shares 1937 44 Fig. 13 Imperial Tobacco Company (Bonus Certificate) 1930 45 Fig. 14 Receipt from Andrew Dunne 1936 46 Fig. 15 Sale of Site to Michael Cronnelly 1937 47 Fig. 16 Stock Market Losses 1929 – 1930 53 Fig. 17 Michael Brady: List of Creditors 1934 54 Fig. 18 Michael Brady: List of Assets 1934 55 Fig. 19 Land Transfer to Richard Brady 1929 56 3 Acknowledgements Researching and detailing the history of the Brady family has been an overwhelmingly rewarding and exciting experience over the last number of years. However much of the credit for this study must be given to Mattie Brady whose infectious enthusiasm for local and family history has now been captured in print. His untimely passing on January 12th 2011 has been a great loss to us all. The detailed knowledge he possessed and shared has been the inspiration behind the undertaking of this project. I also wish to thank my family and relations for their continued guidance, patience, knowledge and support over the course of study. Many family members, aunts and cousins have also aided in the accuracy of information associated with this project. To them I am forever thankful. Finally I would like to thank my supervisors Dr. Tony Varley and Dr. Aidan Kane for their patience and guidance over the last number of months. Their direction has been critical to the formation of the following chapters. 4 Abstract This thesis explores and documents a short period in the business history of the Brady family of Athenry, Co. Galway. The period in question, the early twentieth century, through the inter war period, was a time of significant change and upheaval in Ireland. It was during this time that the Brady family, concentrating their collective efforts on the growth of their business’ rather than political contentions that a significant contribution to commercial activity was made in the west of Ireland town. This commercial influence soon spread to other parts of Ireland and the British Empire as the archive suggests. This study represents the commercial rise of the Brady family who began trading in the early years of the twentieth century. Diversification is evident at different stages of development which can be seen through the losses suffered during the Wall Street Crash of October 1929 and the months that followed. Further devastation and arguably an even more destructive influence on commercial success can be attributed to the events of the Economic War (1932 – 1938). 5 Introduction According to Kieran Kennedy, Thomas Giblin and Deirdre Mc Hugh1 “The new Irish state in 1922 consisted of a small, late-industrialising, peripheral economy with a long-standing labour surplus. Each of these features imposed its own constraints and opportunities. A small economy, unless it is to operate at a very low living standard, is inevitably going to depend greatly on international trade”. It appears that those who had continued to trade with the United Kingdom in the years following partition and the birth of the Free State had continued to flourish although agricultural export prices in particular had reached their peak by 1920. Nevertheless, economic opportunities were still available in the midst of a declining Irish population, particularly in the export sector with a growing British population. David Fitzpatrick 2 has estimated that a steady outflow of population from Galway, among other counties between 1851 and 1911 was constantly in excess of 35 %. Most scholars now agree that by 1911 the total Irish population had fallen to 4.4 million. However, while the Irish population continued to decline the number of the national herd had almost doubled to in excess of 5 million. This significant increase can be in part attributed to war time demand for Irish produce in the United Kingdom. This trend continued to a large extent after the war and by the mid-1920s the free trade policy pursued by the Cumann na Gael government was considered by many to have been a huge success. However, much of the scholarship surrounding the early years of the twentieth century and the beginnings of the Irish Free State have tended to concentrate on the larger issues of national importance. Tomás Kenny3 has pointed out that, “The period 1910-23 in Ireland was one of dramatic change; change of governments, of states, of political attitudes and in day-to- day life. This was not something that occurred in isolation, but was rather contextualized within the wider land resettlement that had been accelerating from the first land act of 1870 to the revolutionary years. It is unmatched as a turbulent period in national history and at a local level in Co. Galway”. Therefore it is not surprising that local business history among other 1 Kennedy, Kieran A., Giblin, Thomas and Mc Hugh Deirdre. The Economic Development of Ireland in the Twentieth Century (London,Routledge) 1988, p130 2 Fitzpatrick, David. Ireland Since 1870 in Foster, R. F. (ed) The Oxford History of Ireland (New York, Oxford University Press Inc.) 1989, p177 3 Kenny, Tomás. Galway: politics and society, 1910-23 (Dublin, Four Courts Press) 2011, p7 6 topics have been largely neglected by the historians of this period. Kevin Whelan4 in a 1988 article was equally as critical suggesting that “we have very few studies of the relationship between towns and their hinterlands, and only a handful of their internal dynamics”. In terms of Irish investment capital, J. J. Lee5 has pointed out that Irish capital had always found a safe place to go and that the Irish psyche ensured that there was very little risk involved suggesting, “The reluctance to invest was not due to lack of savings – Ireland saved far more capital than she invested at home, but this capital was rarely risk capital. It only slowly found its way into even joint stock companies, as the experience of the banks and the railways clearly shows, until English money came in first and bore the initial risk”. However in spite of this overgeneralization and perceived reluctance to invest, this study intends to prove the commercial aptitude of the Brady family in Athenry, Co. Galway during this time. In a family that shows no trace of emigration during this time it will be argued that through innovation, diversification, modernization and an entrepreneurial spirit this family created and sustained various business interests during these aforementioned times of unprecedented turmoil in Irish history while exerting a significant impact on commercial activity in Co. Galway and beyond. Alvin So 6 has pointed out that “modernization researchers tend to anchor their discussions at a highly general and abstract level. Since their aim is to explain general patterns, universal trends and common prospects for Third World development, they do not want to be preoccupied with unique cases and historically specific events”. In this case, however, with the aid of the family business archive, it will be shown that throughout the first third of the twentieth century and despite the turbulent economic and political circumstances both within the country and on the world stage, economic opportunities had always been present but rarely seized upon by Irish citizens. L. M. Cullen7 has argued that Ireland was not held back or underdeveloped due to lack of capital or education, stating in fact that “Poor entrepreneurship may have been at fault, and the success of individual business and the industrialisation of the north-east may confirm this”. 4 Whelan, Kevin. Town and Village in Ireland: A socio-cultural perspective in Barry, Kevin, Dunne, Tom, Kearney, Richard and Longley, Edna (eds) The Irish Review (Cork University Press) No. 5 Autumn 1988, p34 5 Lee, J. J. Capital in the Irish Economy, in Cullen L. M. (ed) The Formation of the Irish Economy, (Cork, The Mercier Press) 1976, p54 6 So, Alvin Y. Social Change and Development: Modernization, Dependency and World System Theories (London, Sage Publications) 1990, p35 7 Cullen, L. M. Irish Economic History: Fact and Myth in Cullen, L. M. (ed) The Formation of the Irish Economy (Cork, The Mercier Press) 1976, p123 7 Through this case study it will be proven that the ability to adapt to market conditions, to change focus in times of economic difficulty and the willingness to speculate while having a strong family support base and work ethic were the essential ingredients in sustaining a commercial impact throughout the period in question despite its uncertain nature. The aforementioned political events concerning land redistribution and independence have attracted much attention from scholars to date. However the often neglected Wall Street Crash and the Economic War will be explored to some degree here albeit with the aid of the Brady family archive.
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