DOCSLIB.ORG

Do Exposures to Aerosols Pose a Risk to Dental Professionals?

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Do Exposures to Aerosols Pose a Risk to Dental Professionals? Occupational Medicine 2018;68:454–458 Advance Access publication 20 June 2018 doi:10.1093/occmed/kqy095 Do exposures to aerosols pose a risk to dental professionals? J. Kobza1, J. S. Pastuszka2,3 and E. Brągoszewska2 1Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, School of Public Health in Bytom, Piekarska 18, 41-902 Bytom, Poland, 2Silesian University of Technology, Chair of Air Protection, Centre of New Technologies, 22B Konarskiego St, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland, 3Institute of Occupational Medicine & Environmental Health, 13 Koscielna St, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland. Correspondence to: J. Kobza, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, School of Public Health in Bytom, Piekarska 18, 41-902 Bytom, Poland. Tel: +48 601389984; e-mail: [email protected] Background Dental care professionals are exposed to aerosols from the oral cavity of patients containing several pathogenic microorganisms. Bioaerosols generated during dental treatment are a potential hazard to dental staff, and there have been growing concerns about their role in transmission of various airborne infections and about reducing the risk of contamination. Aims To investigate qualitatively and quantitatively the bacterial and fungal aerosols before and during clinical sessions in two dental offices compared with controls. Methods An extra-oral evacuator system was used to measure bacterial and fungal aerosols. Macroscopic and microscopic analysis of bacterial species and fungal strains was performed and strains of bacteria and fungi were identified based on their metabolic properties using biochemical tests. Results Thirty-three bioaerosol samples were obtained. Quantitative and qualitative evaluation showed that during treatment, there is a significant increase in airborne concentration of bacteria and fungi. The microflora included mainly gram-positive organisms (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Micrococcus spp.), gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria and those creating endospores as well as non-porous bac- teria and mould fungi (Cladosporium and Penicillium). Conclusions Exposure to the microorganisms identified is not a significant occupational hazard for dental care professionals; however, evidence-based prevention measures are recommended. Key words Bioaerosols; dental care professionals; health risk; indoor control; occupational hazard. Introduction Other research suggests that it may be up to 4.3 E + 05 bacteria/m3 [4], generated during dental procedures. The Oral surgery is performed using a variety of hand tools small diameter of the aerosol particles (<1 micron) rep- including high-speed dental turbines, micro-motor resents a potentially high risk of inhalation of aerosolized hand pieces, ultrasonic scalers and air–water syringes. bacteria [3]. These produce a large amount of particles and splatter- The mean level of bioaerosols depends on the ing and may contain microorganisms from the oral cav- procedures; higher levels were observed for cavity prep- ity of patients. It has been suggested that these aerosols aration (24–105 CFU/m3) and for ultrasonic scaling contain bacteria and fungi, which may be a risk factor 3 for cross-infection for dental professionals. Bioaerosol (42–71 CFU/m ), and lower levels were reported for 3 compositions are heterogeneous [1]; they contain blood, extraction (9–66 CFU/m ) and for oral examination 3 microorganisms, mucosal cells, restorative materials, (24–62 CFU/m ) [5]. However, most research con- tooth particles and large quantities of saliva. Pathogenic cluded that bioaerosols return to baseline 2 h after the microorganisms and microbes from patients’ airways dental treatment [3]. may contaminate nearby surfaces and lead to a risk of The predominant microorganisms isolated from infectious agent transmission-associated diseases such as bioaerosols in dental clinics are Staphylococcus and influenza, tuberculosis, meningitis or severe acute res- Micrococcus species [5,6]. The higher concentration of piratory syndromes [2]. anti-Legionella antibodies reported in dental staff com- Some research indicates that dental professionals pared with the general population provides evidence are exposed to up to 1.86 E + 05 bacteria/m3 of air [3]. that water in dental unit waterlines may be a potential © The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Occupational Medicine. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact [email protected] J. KOBZA ET AL.: RISK OF AEROSOL EXPOSURE TO DENTAL PROFESSIONALS 455 reservoir for infection [7]. However, it has been reported Table 2. Qualitative characteristic of bacteria and fungi aerosols that sensitization and infectious hazards related to poten- in dental office no. 1 and outdoor air (control), before and during tial long-term exposure to Legionella spp. and non-tuber- treatment culous mycobacteria are minimal [4,8]. Some studies The microflora of air in Bacterial and fungal showed a low prevalence of carriers of methicillin-resist- a dental surgery contamination levels ant Staphylococcus aureus among dental patients [9]. In the present study, we measured the concentration A. Outdoor air of bacteria and fungi in aerosols, in rooms where oral Bacteria microflora % of total bacteria surgery was performed using high-speed instruments. Gram-positive granulomata 53 The aim of the study was to analyse the number of Staphylococcus xylosus 25 colony-forming units (CFUs) in bioaerosols and assess Micrococcus spp. 15 Staphylococcus lentus 10 whether exposure limits are exceeded. Kocuria rosea 3 Gram-positive rod-shaped 43 non-porous bacteria Methods Brevibacterium spp. 28 Bacterial and fungal aerosols generated during clinical Corynebacterium striatum 15 Gram-positive rod-shaped 3 work in two dental offices (a one-chair clinic and a multi- bacteria creating endospores chair clinic) were quantitatively and qualitatively ana- Bacillus pumilus 3 lysed. An extra-oral evacuator system was used. A special Fungal microflora % of total fungi filter was placed on the nozzle of the evacuator and air Mould fungi 100 was collected at distances of 30–60 cm from the surgical Cladosporium cladosporioides 39 site to measure total bioaerosol content in dentist’s, den- Cladosporium herbarum 33 tal hygienist’s and patients’ breathing zones. Penicillium griseoazureum 11 Inhalable dust samples were collected in the breath- Penicillium spp. 11 Fusarium spp. 6 ing zone of dental practitioners. Control air samples B. Before patients visit were taken outside the dental practice before and during Bacteria microflora % of total bacteria the working day. Ethical approval was not required for Gram-positive granulomata 100 this study. Staphylococcus epidermidis 52 The identification of isolated bacteria species, based Micrococcus spp. 33 on morphological analysis, was performed. For the Streptococcus spp. 11 macroscopic analysis of colonies, Tryptic Soy Agar was Staphylococcus xylosus 2 used, with cycloheximide added to inhibit fungal growth. Staphylococcus sciuri 2 Fungal microflora % of total fungi Microscopic analysis of collected bacteria was based on Mould fungi 100 Gram strain preparations and provided data on cell size Cladosporium cladosporioides 61 and shape, orientation to each cell and the appearance of Cladosporium herbarum 32 Penicillium griseoazureum 7 C. During patients visit Table 1. The concentration of bacteria and fungi in aerosols in Bacteria microflora % of total bacteria dental offices before and during patients visits Gram-positive granulomata 99 Staphylococcus epidermidis 45 Collected measurements Concentration of Micrococcus spp. 38 microorganisms (CFU/m3) Streptococcus spp. 6 Staphylococcus xylosus 5 Bacteria Fungi Staphylococcus equorum 3 Kocuria rosea 2 Mezophile ray fungi 0 A. Dental office no. 1 (multi-chair) Rhodococcus spp. 0 Outdoor air 260 190 Fungal microflora % of total fungi Dental office before 270 130 Mould fungi 100 patients visit Cladosporium cladosporioides 38 Dental office during 430 (360–500) 300 (0–330) Cladosporium herbarum 31 patients visit Penicillium spp. 15 B. Dental office no. 2 (single chair) Penicillium griseoazureum 15 Outdoor air 150 30 Dentist office before 180 60 patients visit spores. Bacteria were characterized in terms of their met- Dentist office during 490 (200–1190) 110 (40–220) patients visit abolic characteristics using the biochemical tests, API (Analytical Profile Index). Their analysis was supported 456 OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE Table 3. Qualitative characteristic of bacteria and fungi aerosols Table 3. Continued in dental office no. 2 and outdoor air (control), before and during Gram-negative rod-shaped 2 treatment bacteria Brevundimonas vesicularis 2 The microflora of air Bacterial and fungal Fungal microflora % of total fungi in a dental surgery contamination levels Mould fungi 100 Cladosporium cladosporioides 54 A. Outdoor air Penicillium verrucosum 27 Bacteria microflora % of total bacteria Penicillium spp. 9 Gram-positive granulomata 57 Acremonium spp. 9 Micrococcus spp. 33 Staphylococcus sciuri 12 Staphylococcus xylosus 9 Kocuria rosea 3 using the application APIweb (bioMérieux, Marcy- Gram-positive rod-shaped 15 l’Etoile, France). Bacteria were grouped as Gram- non-porous bacteria positive cocci, Gram-positive rods that form endospores,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Frequency and Characterization of Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Genes of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci from Wild Birds in Spain
    microorganisms Article Frequency and Characterization of Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Genes of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci from Wild Birds in Spain. Detection of tst-Carrying S. sciuri Isolates Laura Ruiz-Ripa 1, Paula Gómez 1, Carla Andrea Alonso 2 , María Cruz Camacho 3, Yolanda Ramiro 3, Javier de la Puente 4,5, Rosa Fernández-Fernández 1, Miguel Ángel Quevedo 6, Juan Manuel Blanco 7, Gerardo Báguena 8, Myriam Zarazaga 1, Ursula Höfle 3 and Carmen Torres 1,* 1 Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain; [email protected] (L.R.-R.); [email protected] (P.G.); [email protected] (R.F.-F.); [email protected] (M.Z.) 2 Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital San Pedro, 26006 Logroño, Spain; [email protected] 3 Grupo SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain; [email protected] (M.C.C.); [email protected] (Y.R.); ursula.hofl[email protected] (U.H.) 4 SEO/BirdLife, Citizen Science Unit, 28053 Madrid, Spain; [email protected] 5 Parque Nacional de la Sierra de Guadarrama, Centro de Investigación, Seguimiento y Evaluación, 28740 Rascafría, Spain 6 Zoobotánico Jerez, 11408 Jerez de la Frontera, Spain; [email protected] 7 Aquila Foundation, 45567 Oropesa, Spain; [email protected] 8 Fundación para la Conservación del Quebrantahuesos, 50001 Zaragoza, Spain; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +34-941299750 Received: 4 August 2020; Accepted: 26 August 2020; Published: 29 August 2020 Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and diversity of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) species from wild birds in Spain, as well as to analyze the antimicrobial resistance phenotype/genotype and the virulence gene content.
    [Show full text]
  • Bacteria Associated with Larvae and Adults of the Asian Longhorned Beetle (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)1
    Bacteria Associated with Larvae and Adults of the Asian Longhorned Beetle (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)1 John D. Podgwaite2, Vincent D' Amico3, Roger T. Zerillo, and Heidi Schoenfeldt USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Hamden CT 06514 USA J. Entomol. Sci. 48(2): 128·138 (April2013) Abstract Bacteria representing several genera were isolated from integument and alimentary tracts of live Asian longhorned beetle, Anaplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky), larvae and adults. Insects examined were from infested tree branches collected from sites in New York and Illinois. Staphylococcus sciuri (Kloos) was the most common isolate associated with adults, from 13 of 19 examined, whereas members of the Enterobacteriaceae dominated the isolations from larvae. Leclercia adecarboxylata (Leclerc), a putative pathogen of Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), was found in 12 of 371arvae examined. Several opportunistic human pathogens, including S. xylosus (Schleifer and Kloos), S. intermedius (Hajek), S. hominis (Kloos and Schleifer), Pantoea agglomerans (Ewing and Fife), Serratia proteamaculans (Paine and Stansfield) and Klebsiella oxytoca (Fiugge) also were isolated from both larvae and adults. One isolate, found in 1 adult and several larvae, was identified as Tsukamurella inchonensis (Yassin) also an opportunistic human pathogen and possibly of Korean origin .. We have no evi­ dence that any of the microorganisms isolated are pathogenic for the Asian longhorned beetle. Key Words Asian longhorned beetle, Anaplophora glabripennis, bacteria The Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) a pest native to China and Korea, often has been found associated with wood- packing ma­ terial arriving in ports of entry to the United States. The pest has many hardwood hosts, particularly maples (Acer spp.), and currently is established in isolated popula­ tions in at least 3 states- New York, NJ and Massachusetts (USDA-APHIS 201 0).
    [Show full text]
  • Screening of Antagonistic Bacterial Isolates from Hives of Apis Cerana in Vietnam Against the Causal Agent of American Foulbrood
    1202 Chiang Mai J. Sci. 2018; 45(3) Chiang Mai J. Sci. 2018; 45(3) : 1202-1213 http://epg.science.cmu.ac.th/ejournal/ Contributed Paper Screening of Antagonistic Bacterial Isolates from Hives of Apis cerana in Vietnam Against the Causal Agent of American Foulbrood of Honey Bees, Paenibacillus larvae Sasiprapa Krongdang [a,b], Jeffery S. Pettis [c], Geoffrey R. Williams [d] and Panuwan Chantawannakul* [a,e,f] [a] Bee Protection Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. [b] Interdisciplinary Program in Biotechnology, Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. [c] USDA-ARS, Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA. [d] Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA. [e] Center of Excellence in Bioresources for Agriculture, Industry and Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand. [f] International College of Digital Innovation, Chiang Mai University, 50200, Thailand. * Author for correspondence; e-mail: [email protected] Received: 15 February 2017 Accepted: 20 June 2017 ABSTRACT American foulbrood (AFB) is a virulent disease of honey bee brood caused by the Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium; Paenibacillus larvae. In this study, we determined the potential of bacteria isolated from hives of Asian honey bees (Apis cerana) to act antagonistically against P. larvae. Isolates were sampled from different locations on the fronts of A. cerana hives in Vietnam. A total of 69 isolates were obtained through a culture-dependent method and 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed affiliation to the phyla Firmicutes and Actinobacteria. Out of 69 isolates, 15 showed strong inhibitory activity against P.
    [Show full text]
  • The Genera Staphylococcus and Macrococcus
    Prokaryotes (2006) 4:5–75 DOI: 10.1007/0-387-30744-3_1 CHAPTER 1.2.1 ehT areneG succocolyhpatS dna succocorcMa The Genera Staphylococcus and Macrococcus FRIEDRICH GÖTZ, TAMMY BANNERMAN AND KARL-HEINZ SCHLEIFER Introduction zolidone (Baker, 1984). Comparative immu- nochemical studies of catalases (Schleifer, 1986), The name Staphylococcus (staphyle, bunch of DNA-DNA hybridization studies, DNA-rRNA grapes) was introduced by Ogston (1883) for the hybridization studies (Schleifer et al., 1979; Kilp- group micrococci causing inflammation and per et al., 1980), and comparative oligonucle- suppuration. He was the first to differentiate otide cataloguing of 16S rRNA (Ludwig et al., two kinds of pyogenic cocci: one arranged in 1981) clearly demonstrated the epigenetic and groups or masses was called “Staphylococcus” genetic difference of staphylococci and micro- and another arranged in chains was named cocci. Members of the genus Staphylococcus “Billroth’s Streptococcus.” A formal description form a coherent and well-defined group of of the genus Staphylococcus was provided by related species that is widely divergent from Rosenbach (1884). He divided the genus into the those of the genus Micrococcus. Until the early two species Staphylococcus aureus and S. albus. 1970s, the genus Staphylococcus consisted of Zopf (1885) placed the mass-forming staphylo- three species: the coagulase-positive species S. cocci and tetrad-forming micrococci in the genus aureus and the coagulase-negative species S. epi- Micrococcus. In 1886, the genus Staphylococcus dermidis and S. saprophyticus, but a deeper look was separated from Micrococcus by Flügge into the chemotaxonomic and genotypic proper- (1886). He differentiated the two genera mainly ties of staphylococci led to the description of on the basis of their action on gelatin and on many new staphylococcal species.
    [Show full text]
  • Enumeration of Total Airborne Bacteria, Yeast and Mold
    ENUMERATION OF TOTAL AIRBORNE BACTERIA, YEAST AND MOLD CONTAMINANTS AND IDENTIFICATION OF Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria Spp., Salmonella Spp., AND Staphylococcus Spp. IN A BEEF AND PORK SLAUGHTER FACILITY By GABRIEL HUMBERTO COSENZA SUTTON A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2004 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author is sincerely grateful to Dr. S. K. Williams, associate professor and supervisory committee chairperson, for her superb guidance and supervision in conducting this study and manuscript preparation. He also extends his gratitude to the other committee members, Dr. Dwain Johnson, Dr. Ronald H. Schmidt, Dr. David P. Chynoweth and Dr. Murat O. Balaban, for their collaboration and useful recommendations during this study. Special thanks are extended to the Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences of the University of Florida for sponsoring the author throughout the program. Great appreciation and love are expressed to Adrienne and Humberto Cosenza, the author’s parents, and to his girlfriend Candice L. Lloyd for their support throughout the graduate program. The author wishes to thank Larry Eubanks, Byron Davis, Tommy Estevez, Doris Sartain, Frank Robbins, Noufoh Djeri and fellow graduate students for their friendly support and assistance. Overall the author would like to thank God for His inspiration, love and caring. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Isolation of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcus Spp. and Kocuria Varians in Pure Culture from Tissues of Cases of Mortalities in Parrots in Grenada, West Indies
    IBIMA Publishing International Journal of Veterinary Medicine: Research & Reports http://www.ibimapublishing.com/journals/IJVMR/ijvmr.html Vol. 2013 (2013), Article ID 149634, 6 pages DOI: 10.5171/2013.149634 Research Article Isolation of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcus Spp. and Kocuria Varians in Pure Culture from Tissues of Cases of Mortalities in Parrots in Grenada, West Indies Muhammad I. Bhaiyat 1, Harry Hariharan 1, Alfred Chikweto 1, Keshaw Tiwari 1, Ravindra N. Sharma 1 and Yoshiyasu Kobayashi 2 1Pathobiology Academic Program, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George’s University, Grenada, West Indies 2Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Pathobiological Science, Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan Correspondence should be addressed to: Muhammad I Bhaiyat; [email protected] Received 3 June 2013; Accepted 23 June 2013; Published 18 October 2013 Academic Editor: Walter Tarello Copyright © 2013 Muhammad I. Bhaiyat, Harry Hariharan, Alfred Chikweto, Keshaw Tiwari, Ravindra N. Sharma and Yoshiyasu Kobayashi. Distributed under Creative Commons CC-BY 3.0 Abstract Approximately 30 psittacine birds, including African grey parrots and ring-necked parrots died during a period of 1-2 months in 2012 in the parish of St.David, Grenada. At necropsy, the liver showed swelling with red to tan mottling, and there was diffuse pulmonary congestion. Tissues from 8 birds were examined for bacteria by culture. Pure cultures of coagulase-negative staphylococci in moderate to heavy amounts were isolated from almost all tissues, including liver, lung, and spleen. Only 7 isolates could be identified to species level. Liver, lung and intestines of 2 birds were positive for Staphylococcus lentus, and one spleen sample from a single bird was positive for Kocuria varians.
    [Show full text]
  • Staphylococcus Sciuri C2865 from a Distinct Subspecies Cluster As Reservoir of the Novel Transferable Trimethoprim Resistance Ge
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.30.320143; this version posted September 30, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. Novel trimethoprim resistance gene and mobile elements in distinct S. sciuri C2865 1 Staphylococcus sciuri C2865 from a distinct subspecies cluster as reservoir of 2 the novel transferable trimethoprim resistance gene, dfrE, and adaptation 3 driving mobile elements 4 Elena Gómez-Sanz1,2*, Jose Manuel Haro-Moreno3, Slade O. Jensen4,5, Juan José Roda-García3, 5 Mario López-Pérez3 6 1 Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, ETHZ, Zurich, Switzerland 7 2 Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), 8 Logroño, Spain 9 3 Evolutionary Genomics Group, División de Microbiología, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 10 Apartado 18, San Juan 03550, Alicante, Spain 11 4 Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, 12 New South Wales, Australia. 13 5 Antimicrobial Resistance and Mobile Elements Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical 14 Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. 15 * Corresponding author: Email: [email protected] (EGS) 16 17 Short title: Novel trimethoprim resistance gene and mobile elements in distinct S. sciuri C2865 18 Keywords: methicillin-resistant coagulase negative staphylococci; Staphylococcus sciuri; 19 dihydrofolate reductase; trimethoprim; dfrE; multidrug resistance; mobile genetic elements; 20 plasmid; SCCmec; prophage; PICI; comparative genomics; S. sciuri subspecies; intraspecies 21 diversity; adaptation; evolution; reservoir.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mouse Intestinal Bacterial Collection (Mibc) Provides Host-Specific Insight Into Cultured Diversity and Functional Potential of the Gut Microbiota
    Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Oct 02, 2021 The Mouse Intestinal Bacterial Collection (miBC) provides host-specific insight into cultured diversity and functional potential of the gut microbiota Lagkouvardos, Ilias; Pukall, Rüdiger; Abt, Birte; Foesel, Bärbel U.; Meier-Kolthoff, Jan P.; Kumar, Neeraj; Bresciani, Anne Gøther; Martínez, Inés; Just, Sarah; Ziegler, Caroline Total number of authors: 28 Published in: Nature Microbiology Link to article, DOI: 10.1038/nmicrobiol.2016.131 Publication date: 2016 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link back to DTU Orbit Citation (APA): Lagkouvardos, I., Pukall, R., Abt, B., Foesel, B. U., Meier-Kolthoff, J. P., Kumar, N., Bresciani, A. G., Martínez, I., Just, S., Ziegler, C., Brugiroux, S., Garzetti, D., Wenning, M., Bui, T. P. N., Wang, J., Hugenholtz, F., Plugge, C. M., Peterson, D. A., Hornef, M. W., ... Clavel, T. (2016). The Mouse Intestinal Bacterial Collection (miBC) provides host-specific insight into cultured diversity and functional potential of the gut microbiota. Nature Microbiology, 1(10), [16131]. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmicrobiol.2016.131 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.
    [Show full text]
  • Proteomic Characterization of Bacteriophage Peptides from the Mastitis Producer Staphylococcus Aureus by LC-ESI-MS/MS and the Bacteriophage Phylogenomic Analysis
    foods Article Proteomic Characterization of Bacteriophage Peptides from the Mastitis Producer Staphylococcus aureus by LC-ESI-MS/MS and the Bacteriophage Phylogenomic Analysis Ana G. Abril 1 ,Mónica Carrera 2,* , Karola Böhme 3, Jorge Barros-Velázquez 4 , Benito Cañas 5, José-Luis R. Rama 1, Tomás G. Villa 1 and Pilar Calo-Mata 4,* 1 Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15898 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; [email protected] (A.G.A.); [email protected] (J.-L.R.R.); [email protected] (T.G.V.) 2 Department of Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council, Marine Research Institute, 36208 Vigo, Spain 3 Agroalimentary Technological Center of Lugo, 27002 Lugo, Spain; [email protected] 4 Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; [email protected] 5 Department of Analytical Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (M.C.); [email protected] (P.C.-M.) Abstract: The present work describes LC-ESI-MS/MS MS (liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry) analyses of tryptic digestion peptides from phages that infect mastitis-causing Staphylococcus aureus isolated from dairy products. A total of 1933 nonredundant Citation: Abril, A.G.; Carrera, M.; peptides belonging to 1282 proteins were identified and analyzed. Among them, 79 staphylococcal Böhme, K.; Barros-Velázquez, J.; peptides from phages were confirmed. These peptides belong to proteins such as phage repressors, Cañas, B.; Rama, J.-L.R.; Villa, T.G.; structural phage proteins, uncharacterized phage proteins and complement inhibitors.
    [Show full text]
  • A Report of 35 Unreported Bacterial Species in Korea, Belonging to the Phylum Firmicutes
    Journal of Species Research 8(4):337-350, 2019 A report of 35 unreported bacterial species in Korea, belonging to the phylum Firmicutes Min-gyung Baek1, Wonyong Kim3, Chang-Jun Cha4, Kiseong Joh5, Seung-Bum Kim6, Myung Kyum Kim7, Chi-Nam Seong8 and Hana Yi1,2,* 1Department of Public Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea 2School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, Department of Public Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea 3Department of Microbiology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea 4Department of Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea 5Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Geonggi 02450, Republic of Korea 6Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea 7Department of Bio and Environmental Technology, College of Natural Science, Seoul Women’s University, Seoul 01797, Republic of Korea 8Department of Biology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea *Correspondent: [email protected] In an investigation of indigenous prokaryotic species in Korea, a total of 35 bacterial strains assigned to the phylum Firmicutes were isolated from diverse habitats including natural and artificial environments. Based on their high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (>98.7%) and formation of robust phylogenetic clades with species of validly published names, the isolates were identified as 35 species belonging to the ordersBacillales (the family Bacillaceae, Paenibacillaceae, Planococcaceae, and Staphylococcaceae) and Lactobacillales (Aerococcaceae, Enterococcaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Leuconostocaceae, and Streptococcaceae). Since these 35 species in Korean environments has not been reported in any official report, we identified them as unrecorded bacterial species and investigated them taxonomically.
    [Show full text]
  • Abnormal Composition of Microbiota in the Gut and Skin of Imiquimod-Treated Mice
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Abnormal composition of microbiota in the gut and skin of imiquimod‑treated mice Hiroyo Shinno‑Hashimoto1,2, Yaeko Hashimoto2,3, Yan Wei2,4, Lijia Chang2, Yuko Fujita2, Tamaki Ishima2, Hiroyuki Matsue1 & Kenji Hashimoto2* Psoriasis is a chronic, infammatory skin disease. Although the precise etiology of psoriasis remains unclear, gut–microbiota axis might play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Here we investigated whether the composition of microbiota in the intestine and skin is altered in the imiquimod (IMQ)‑ treated mouse model of psoriasis. Topical application of IMQ to back skin caused signifcant changes in the composition of microbiota in the intestine and skin of IMQ‑treated mice compared to control mice. The LEfSe algorithm identifed the species Staphylococcus lentus as potential skin microbial marker for IMQ group. Furthermore, there were correlations for several microbes between the intestine and skin, suggesting a role of skin–gut–microbiota in IMQ‑treated mice. Levels of succinic acid and lactic acid in feces from IMQ‑treated mice were signifcantly higher than control mice. Moreover, the predictive functional analysis of the microbiota in the intestine and skin showed that IMQ caused alterations in several KEGG pathways. In conclusion, the current data indicated that topical application with IMQ to skin alters the composition of the microbiota in the gut and skin of host. It is likely that skin–gut microbiota axis plays a role in pathogenesis of psoriasis. Psoriasis is a common chronic infammatory disease of skin. A recent systematic review reports that the preva- lence of psoriasis in children and adults ranged from 0 to 1.37% and 0.51 to 11.43%, respectively 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Investigating the Impact of Phosphate Acquisition and Homeostasis on Staphylococcus Aureus Pathogenesis
    INVESTIGATING THE IMPACT OF PHOSPHATE ACQUISITION AND HOMEOSTASIS ON STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS PATHOGENESIS BY JESSICA L. KELLIHER DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Microbiology in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2019 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Assistant Professor Thomas E. Kehl-Fie, Chair Professor William W. Metcalf Professor James M. Slauch Professor Brenda A. Wilson ABSTRACT Phosphate is an essential nutrient for all organisms. Therefore, transporters and regulatory systems in bacterial pathogens enabling phosphate acquisition within the host are important for virulence. However, the contribution of phosphate homeostasis to infection by the ubiquitous pathogen Staphylococcus aureus has not been evaluated. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that S. aureus encodes three inorganic phosphate (Pi) transporters: PstSCAB, PitA, and NptA. Each transporter imports Pi optimally in distinct environments. Interestingly, although loss of PstSCAB results in decreased virulence of several well-studied pathogens, a ΔpstSCAB mutant of S. aureus was not attenuated. However, these studies establish an important role for NptA in the pathogenesis of S. aureus. Although NptA has been sparsely characterized in bacteria, NptA homologs are widespread, suggesting that this type of Pi transporter may broadly contribute to pathogenesis. To regulate phosphate acquisition and homeostasis, bacteria contain a conserved, Pi-responsive two-component system named PhoPR in Gram-positives. In the model organism Escherichia coli and many others, the PhoPR homologs interact with PstSCAB and an accessory protein named PhoU to sense Pi, and mutation of PstSCAB or PhoU results in constitutive PhoPR activation. In contrast, deleting pstSCAB or phoU does not lead to dysregulated PhoPR activation in S.
    [Show full text]