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NTC2014-SU-R-15 Mecit Cetin.Pdf Project ID: NTC2014-SU-R-15 OPEN TOLL LANES IN A CONNECTED VEHICLE ENVIRONMENT DEVELOPMENT OF NEW PRICING STRATEGIES FOR A HIGHLY DYNAMIC AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEM Final Report by Dr. Mecit Cetin [email protected] (757) 683-6700 Old Dominion University Dr. Andrew Collins Gulsevi Basar Erika Frydenlund Dr. R. Michael Robinson Old Dominion University for National Transportation Center at Maryland (NTC@Maryland) 1124 Glenn Martin Hall University of Maryland College Park, MD 20742 February, 2015 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This project was funded by the National Transportation Center @ Maryland (NTC@Maryland), one of the five National Centers that were selected in this nationwide competition, by the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Research and Technology (OST-R), U.S. Department of Transportation (US DOT). DISCLAIMER The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors, who are solely responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the material and information presented herein. This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Transportation University Transportation Centers Program in the interest of information exchange. The U.S. Government assumes no liability for the contents or use thereof. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official views of the U.S. Government. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................1 1.0 INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................3 1.1 OVERVIEW OF PROJECT ............................................................................................3 1.1.1 Relevance to the Center Theme ................................................................................4 1.2 OVERVIEW OF REPORT ..............................................................................................4 2.0 ANALYTICAL RESEARCH ........................................................................................5 2.1 SECTION OVERVIEW ..................................................................................................5 2.2 BACKGROUND .............................................................................................................5 2.3 MODEL THEORY ..........................................................................................................6 2.3.1 Tolling Mechanisms.................................................................................................6 2.3.2 Customer’s Evaluation of Time ................................................................................8 2.3.3 Model Design ..........................................................................................................9 2.3.4 Link Travel Time Function .................................................................................... 10 2.3.5 Bidding Mechanism ............................................................................................... 10 2.3.6 Travelers’ VOT Distribution .................................................................................. 11 2.3.7 Optimization Problem ............................................................................................ 14 2.3.8 Triangular Distribution VOT case .......................................................................... 15 2.3.9 Log Normal Distribution VOT case ....................................................................... 16 2.3.10 Beta Distribution VOT case ................................................................................... 17 2.4 RESULTS ..................................................................................................................... 17 2.4.1 Comparison of Results ........................................................................................... 19 2.5 DISCUSSION ON APPLICATION ............................................................................... 19 2.6 ANALYTICAL RESEARCH CONCLUSIONS ............................................................ 20 3.0 SIMULATION RESEARCH ...................................................................................... 22 3.1 SECTION OVERVIEW ................................................................................................ 22 3.2 LITERATURE REVIEW .............................................................................................. 22 3.2.1 Descending Price (Dutch) Auction ......................................................................... 22 3.2.2 Descending Price (Dutch) Auction as a Tolling Mechanism ................................... 23 3.2.3 Key Features of the Proposed Tolling Mechanism.................................................. 24 3.3 OVERVIEW OF THE MODELING METHODOLOGY ............................................... 24 3.3.1 Network Layout ..................................................................................................... 25 3.3.2 Basic Tolling Mechanism and Agents .................................................................... 25 3.3.2.1 Drivers ............................................................................................................... 26 3.3.2.2 Toll-Operator ..................................................................................................... 26 3.3.3 Income and VOT Distribution ................................................................................ 26 3.3.4 Drivers’ Route Choice Behavior ............................................................................ 27 3.3.5 Bidding Mechanism ............................................................................................... 28 3.3.5.1 Calculation of maximum discrete bid levels and bid price offers ........................ 30 3.3.5.2 Sorting and prioritizing drivers for acceptance to toll road ................................ 30 3.3.6 VISSIM Model and VBA Script ............................................................................ 31 3.3.6.1 Model Inputs ...................................................................................................... 31 3.3.6.2 Model Outputs ................................................................................................... 31 3.3.6.3 Flow Diagram of Main Functions in the Script .................................................. 32 v 3.3.7 Current Status and Future Simulation Work ........................................................... 32 4.0 PHASE II OF THE RESEARCH ............................................................................... 34 5.0 PROJECT TEAM ....................................................................................................... 35 6.0 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................ 37 APPENDIX A .......................................................................................................................... 40 APPENDIX B .......................................................................................................................... 43 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Segmentation of Driver Agents based on Income Levels ............................................. 27 Table 2: VOT Segmentation Based on Income Level ................................................................ 27 Table A-1: Numerical results from optimization problem with VOT following a triangular distribution with mean of 0.5 and variance of 1/24............................................................. 41 Table A-2: Numerical results from optimization problem with VOT following a log normal distribution with mean of 0.5 and variance of 1/24............................................................. 41 Table A-3: Numerical results from optimization problem with VOT following a beta distribution with mean of 0.5 and variance of 1/24 ............................................................................... 42 Table A-4: Comparisons of three VOT distributions .................................................................. 42 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Node-arc diagram of scenario transportation network. ..................................................9 Figure 2: Various versions of the triangular distribution with a minimum of zero and a maximum of one. ............................................................................................................................... 12 Figure 3: An example of the log normal distribution.................................................................. 13 Figure 4: An example of the Beta distribution ........................................................................... 13 Figure 5: Hypothetical transportation network diagram ............................................................. 25 Figure 6: Hypothetical test bed layout on VISSIM .................................................................... 31 Figure 7: Main Flow Diagram of the Proposed Script and Bidding Mechanism ......................... 32 Figure B-1: Calculation of travel time savings within simulation ............................................... 44 Figure B-2: Decision making process of accepting or rejecting a present price of toll plazas ..... 45 Figure B-3: Toll authority assessment – Acceptance or rejection based on capacity ................... 46 vi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This project is focused on investigating alternative tolling options in a connected vehicle environment.
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