Index

academic style 97–102 critical reading 112–115 ad hominem fallacy 13–14 critical thinking, defi nitions advertising 28–31 of 2–3 apophenia 51,52 appeal to questionable authority data mining 47 15–16 depth, in essays 103 argument, defi ned 1–2 Dewey, Paul 2 argument from ignorance 10 discourse analysis 65 argumentum ad hominem – see ad domino eff ect 7 hominem fallacy argumentum ad ignorantiam – see externality 109–110 argument from ignorance argumentum ad verecundiam – fallacy 5 see appeal to questionable false binary opposition 12–13 authority feedback 94–106 arts, the 22–28 fringe science 58 astrology 59–61 availability heuristic 74–75 gambler’s fallacy 51, 53–54 graphology 61–64 begging the question 14–15 Grice’s Maxims 19, 21–22 blind/double-blind procedures 67 British Crime Survey 72 hyperbole 20–21 burden of proof, shifting 11 Bush, George W. 12 impressionists, the 24 butterfl y eff ect 7 jargon 55–56 correlation 66,COPYRIGHTED 69 MATERIAL clinical signifi cance 70–71 libel 31 clustering illusion 51, 53 complementary and alternative Markov chain 8 medicine 75–79 mindfulness 109, 110–112 confi rmation bias 75 control groups 66–67 Pareidolia 51, 52 crime statistics 71–73 Paul, Richard 3

bbindex.inddindex.indd 135135 112/03/122/03/12 77:46:46 AAMM 136 INDEX

phrenology 64–65 refl ection 43–44 propositional logic 5 regression 69 protoscience 54, 57–58 research methods and statistics 65–73 non sequitur 6 rhetoric 20 Nostradamus 46–48 slippery slope 6–7 observational methods 67–68 snowball eff ect 7 Occam’s Razor 35–36, 38, 85 Socratic questioning 3, 16–17 special pleading 11 petitio principii – see begging the straw person 11–12 question structure, in essays 104–105 postdiction 47 summarising 115–118 post hoc ergo propter hoc 9 systematic reviews 45–46 posthockery, 47 pseudoscience 54–58 Texas sharpshooter fallacy 49–51 psychology 3–4, 17–18, TimeTravel_0 – see Titor, John 57–58 Titor, John 48–49 biological 84–85 tu quoque 8–9 cognitive 79–82 health 73–79 university league tables 40–43 social 82–84 unrealistic optimism 75

bbindex.inddindex.indd 136136 112/03/122/03/12 7:467:46 AMAM bbindex.inddindex.indd 137137 112/03/122/03/12 7:467:46 AMAM bbindex.inddindex.indd 138138 112/03/122/03/12 7:467:46 AMAM bbindex.inddindex.indd 139139 112/03/122/03/12 7:467:46 AMAM bbindex.inddindex.indd 140140 112/03/122/03/12 7:467:46 AMAM bbindex.inddindex.indd 141141 112/03/122/03/12 7:467:46 AMAM bbindex.inddindex.indd 142142 112/03/122/03/12 77:46:46 AAMM bbindex.inddindex.indd 143143 112/03/122/03/12 77:46:46 AAMM bbindex.inddindex.indd 144144 112/03/122/03/12 77:46:46 AAMM