SPEAKERS AND DEPUTY SPEAKERS OF LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY

Research Section SECRETARIAT OF the KERALA LEGISLATURE 2017 Published for Kerala Legislature Secretariat Thiruvananthapuram-33 By the Secretary

© Secretariat of the Kerala Legislature

First Edition: 2006 Second Edition: 2007 Third Edition:2012 Fourth Edition: 2017 No. of copies: 500

Cover Design Shaji adaxa

Printed at PrintExPress, Kaloor, Cochin-17 CONTENTS

Foreword...... 05

Preface...... 07

The Office of the Speaker – A Symbol of Nation’s ...... 09 Freedom and Liberty

Speakers – Biographical Sketches...... 17

Deputy Speakers – Biographical Sketches...... 59

In the Saddle – Speakers and Deputy Speakers...... 91 - their tenures

Election of Speakers and Deputy Speakers...... 95 - some details

In all Humility – Speakers’ speech after being elected ...... 99

Some Unique Records...... 145

Speakers and Deputy Speakers...... 149 – an alphabetical index

FOREWORD

The Indian Parliamentary system is the largest and one of the most effective of democratic institutions in the world. The heart of our democracy beats at the Parliament and the Legislative Assemblies. Being the representative of the people, the Parliament and the State Assemblies reflect the popular will as expressed in the choices the electorate make for thier representatives and for the political parties they represent. A democratic parliament also reflects the social multiplicity of the population.

The Legislative Assembly is the highest political office of the state. The role of the Speaker as the regulator of the assembly business and guardian of legislators is unique and utmost important in our democratic system. Kerala Legislative Assembly is blessed with the privilege of being presided over by many stalwarts and multifaceted political practitioners.

Kerala Legislative Assembly has had several commendable achievements in the field of law making. It has enacted numerous progressive legislations which have brought in tremendous changes in the socio-political life of the people of Kerala. The progressive legislation has played a crucial role in the materialisation of ‘ Development’.

The fourth edition of the titled ‘Speakers and Deputy Speakers of Kerala’ contains the life sketches of all the Speakers and the Deputy Speakers, analysis of various aspects of their role in the legislative business and general Legislative Assembly. The book is a significant contribution to the intensive study of the evolution of democracy andthe legislative process based on the pivotal role of the Speakers and the Deputy Speakers in the business of the Kerala Legislative Assembly till date. I believe that the academic community as well as the general public will be interested in this book. Its engaging and entertaining style will definitely catch the attention of readers from all walks of life.

Thiruvananthapuram P. Sreeramakrishnan 10-05-2017 Speaker Kerala Legislative Assembly

6 PREFACE

The Kerala Legislative Assembly has initiated a series of measures in preserving its unique tradition of patronizing high democratic values and upholding sublime ideals ever since its formation. It has played a very significant as well as prominent role on many occasions, both in the past and at present, building the space of experience by legislating Laws and Ordinances through keen observations, making it precise moments of truth which is the outcome of premeditated thoughts and powerful emotions. This process of legislating democratic principles guarantees equal social justice irrespective of caste, creed and liberal diversity and confines to special integrity and dignity of placing outstanding personalities as Speakers and Deputy Speakers and each member becomes accustomed to the process of entertaining the laws effectively.

Being the Deputy Speaker, I have great pleasure to express my sincere gratitude to those who have taken much effort to conceptualize the edition of the publication consisting of meticulous diaspora of Speakers and Deputy Speakers.

Thiruvananthapuram V. Sasi 24-04-2017 Deputy Speaker Kerala Legislative Assembly

The Office of the Speaker

A Symbol of Nation’s Freedom and Liberty...

The Office of the Speaker

In our system of Parliamentary form of Government, the Office of the Speaker occupies a unique and esteemed position. Our Constitution makes specific provisions in regard to the Office of the Speaker with a view to ensure its independence and importance in the functioning of the Parliament and the State Legislatures. The Speaker is the Guardian of the House and symbolises its dignity and power. In the words of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, “ The Speaker represents the House. He represents the dignity of the House, the freedom of the House and because the House represents the Nation, in a particular way, the Speaker becomes a symbol of the Nation’s Freedom and Liberty.” The Evolution

The evolution of the Office of the Speaker and the power and prestige that has come to stay with it, have been reflective of the gradual but perspective changes in the parliamentary systems over the centuries. In the House of Commons, the mother of Parliaments, from very early days, the main responsibility of the Speaker was to sum up the points of the debate in the House and to present the views of the House to the Crown. Thus he was the spokesman or “the Speaker ” of the Commons before the Sovereign. However, with the passage of time, the institution of the Office of the Speaker gained its prominence and prestige as a result of intense struggles in the British Constitutional History. Nation’s Heritage

The reforms effected in our country by several acts passed by the British Parliament during the pre-independence years, had their decisive influence in the evolution of the Office of the Speaker.

The Indian Council Acts of 1861, 1892 and 1909 have paved the way for the establishment of Central Legislative Council and the Provincial Legislative Councils and subsequent

11 reforms in their composition and powers. However, it was the Governor - General who was designated the President of the Legislative Council. Later, when a Central Legislative Assembly was formally constituted in 1921 by the Government of India Act of 1919, Sir Frederick Whyte, a former member of the British House of Commons was nominated by the Governor - General as its first President. The first Indian to adorn the Office of the President of the Central Legislative Assembly was Shri Vithalbhai Patel, when he was elected to this Office in 1925. Though the title of Speaker was designated in India only with the gaining of independence, the institution of the Presiding Officer is thus fairly older, dating back to 1921.

Kerala’s Legacy

The State of Kerala which came into existence in November 1956 had its own heritage in the evolution of the Speaker’s Office. The Malabar region of Kerala was a part of the Madras Presidency before the formation of the State. Madras had its own Provincial Assembly and therefore the developments in the Malabar region was in consonance with the reforms in the provinces directly ruled by the British. The erstwhile Princely States of Travancore and Cochin however, had a different course of development, with the former establishing a Legislative Council in 1888 and the latter forming a Council in 1925. In both these regions, the power of presiding over the House was exercised by the Diwan President, who was the Head of the administration as well. The representative character of these Legislative bodies and their powers were very much limited and the people began to raise their voice for more reforms in the composition and the powers of these Assemblies.

The Freedom Movement also had by then, gained momentum and the rulers were compelled to bring in many far-reaching reforms in the composition and powers of the Legislature, which had its reflections in the prominence and authority of the Office of the Speaker. The dawn of Independence naturally had its profound influence over the subsequent course of events in the State.

A representative body constituted on the basis of adult franchise was formed in Travancore in March 1948. Shri A.J. John was its President and Shri G. Chandrasekhara Pillai, its Deputy President. A Council of Ministers responsible to the Assembly was also constituted. In Cochin, a responsible Government was formed in August 1947 and Shri L.M. Pylee became its President. With the integration of Travancore and Cochin in July 1949, the Travancore-Cochin Legislative Assembly came into being. Shri T.M. Varghese was its first Speaker. Shri N. Gopala Menon, elected from Constituency of Malabar region in 1952, served as the Speaker in the Madras Legislative Assembly.

12 When the first Legislative Assembly of the State of Kerala was constituted in April 1957, the powers, privileges and immunities of the House as well as of the Speaker had become well-defined under the Constitutional mandate. Besides the Constitutional provisions, the ‘Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in the Kerala Legislative Assembly’ and the precedents, practices and conventions act as guidelines to the Speaker in the smooth conduct of the proceedings of the House. The unique status of the Office of the Speaker may be seen from the fact that, though as per the protocol, he stands next to the Governor and the Chief Minister, inside the House his sway is absolute and all members including the Chief Minister and the Ministers submit to his directions. The salary and allowances of the Speaker are also to be charged on the Consolidated Fund of the State.

Shri R. Sankaranarayanan Thampi became the first Speaker of the Kerala Legislative Assembly and Smt. K.O. Aysha Bai became the first Deputy Speaker. Since then, twenty eminent personalities, including the incumbent Speaker, Shri P. Sreeramakrishnan have occupied this exalted office, contributing their might in enhancing the dignity and sanctity of the House. Likewise, sixteen persons have graced the Chair of the Deputy Speaker since then, including the present Deputy Speaker Shri V. Sasi.

The Kerala Legislature has been in the forefront in bringing forward far-reaching reforms and the Office of the Speaker have always been an inalienable part in the successful implementation of these reforms. Besides upholding the dignity of the House, the Speakers have, over the years, played a pivotal role in imparting a new dimension to the working of our Parliamentary system.

Getting Elected

The Speaker and the Deputy Speaker are elected from among the Members of the Assembly, by a simple majority of Members present through voting in the House. The election of the Speaker is held on the date fixed by the Governor. When there is only one member being nominated for election, predictably the election becomes unanimous. However, if more than one member has been nominated for election, the Assembly proceeds to elect him by ballot, as per the procedure detailed in the Rules of Procedure. In Kerala, six Speakers and seven Deputy Speakers have been elected unanimously over the years.

After the formal election of the Speaker, the Speaker-elect is ushered to the Chair by the Chief Minister and the Leader of the Opposition. The leaders of all political parties in the House felicitate the new Speaker, who in turn gives a thanksgiving speech.

13 The Exalted Position

The Speaker represents the full authority of the House and has extensive functions to perform in administrative, regulatory and judicial matters. In additon to inherent powers, he enjoys such vast authority under the Constitution and the Rules of Procedure. The Speaker is the ultimate arbiter and interpreter of the provisions relating to the functioning of the House and his decisions are final and binding and cannot ordinarily be questioned or criticised. In the House

A sitting of the Assembly is duly constituted only when it is presided over by the Speaker or other member competent to preside over a sitting of the Assembly under the Constitution or the Rules of Procedure. The Assembly sits on such days as the Speaker may direct and he also determines the time when the Assembly shall be adjourned sine die or to a particular day or to an hour or part of the same day. The arrangement of Government Business is decided by the Speaker in consultation with the Leader of the House.

Any business can take place in the House only with the prior permission of the Speaker. The Speaker decides the admissibility of questions, submissions as well as issues raised by Members in the form of various notices and motions, as envisaged in the Rules of Procedure. He also decides the forms in which amendments may be moved to the Motion of Thanks to the Governor’s Address. Likewise, the permission of the Speaker is required for moving amendments to a Bill.

Regulating the discussion in the House is the sole prerogative of the Speaker and it is he who decides when and how long a Member shall speak. He reserves the right to direct to expunge from records, any part of the proceedings, in his discretion. So also, on question of points of order, the Speaker finally decides whether the matter raised, is in order or not. He is vested with all powers necessary for the purpose of enforcing his decisions and can direct a member who flouts his orders, to withdraw from the House for a specific period of time. In the event of grave disorder arising in the Assembly, he may suspend any sitting of the Assembly for a time.

As the guardian of the Rights and Privileges of the House, its Committees and the Members, the Speaker can refer any question of privilege to the Committee of Privileges and Ethics, for investigation and report. He authenticates every Bill passed by the Assembly before being presented to the Governor. And in respect of money bills, the Speaker has to certify them to that effect.

14 The Speaker is also armed with the power to issue warrants to execute the orders of the House and deliver reprimands on behalf of the House. He may also order the withdrawal of strangers from any part of the Assembly Chamber, whenever he thinks fit. Moreover, the entire area comprising the Legislature Complex, the Legislators’ Hostel and the Old Assembly Chamber at the Government Secretariat Buildings which come under the ‘precincts of the Assembly’ are under the sole authority of the Speaker.

Recognition of political parties in the House is also accorded by the Speaker and necessary guidelines are laid down for this procedure. Likewise, he decides on granting recognition to the Leader of the Opposition in the Legislative Assembly.

The 52nd Amendment of the Constitution has given the Speaker the power of disqualifying a member on the grounds of defection. In Kerala, this power had been exercised twice, during the tenure of the eighth and the thirteenth Kerala Legislative Assemblies. The Hon’ble High Court however declared the disqualification of the Member in the thirteenth Kerala Legislative Assembly void. The Speaker, though a member of the House, does not normally vote in the House. He exercises this option only on extremely rare occasions, when there is a tie during the division. In Kerala, this convention had more or less been followed, except during the tenure of the sixth Kerala Legislative Assembly, when the Speaker had to cast his vote. Residuary Powers

The Speaker has certain residuary powers also, under the Rules of Procedure. All matters which are not specifically provided under the Rules and all questions relating tothe working of the Rules are regulated by the Speaker. In accordance with this provision, the Speaker issues, from time to time, directions which are treated as having the same authority as the provisions in the Rules. The Speakers in Kerala have, over the years, thus issued a total number of twenty two directions, many of which deal with important issues concerning the procedure in the House and its Committees. It was on the basis of the direction issued by the Speaker on March 11, 1970, that the Committee on Petitions started considering petitions received directly from individuals and associations. As the Guardian of Committees

All the Legislature Committees function under the overall direction of the Speaker. The Committees are constituted either by the Speaker or by the House. The members of Financial Committees such as Public Accounts Committee, Public Undertakings Committee, Estimates Committee and Local Fund Accounts Committee are elected by the Assembly. Likewise, the members of a Select Committee on a Bill and the members of an ad-hoc Committee to study and report on a specific issue are appointed by the Assembly. All the

15 members of other Standing Committees, including the Subject Committees are nominated by the Speaker. The Chairmen of all Legislature Committees are also nominated by the Speaker. The Speaker himself is the Chairman of the Business Advisory Committee and the Ex-Officio Chairman of the Rules Committee. The Speaker may issue directions for regulating the procedure and the organisation of the work of the Committees. Any doubts on the point of procedure or otherwise of Committees are referred to the Speaker whose decision shall be final. Administrative Powers

Being the Head of the Legislature, the Secretariat of the Legislature functions under his absolute control and direction. The security personnel including the Watch and Ward who are responsible for the security arrangements in the Legislature Complex and the Legislators’ Hostel are under his direct control. The admission of Press and Media correspondents as well as visitors to the galleries is also regulated by the Speaker. On a Different Role

Apart from the powers and responsibilities associated with his esteemed office, the Speaker has to play his role in some other areas as well and is actively associated with the deliberations and activities of some national and international forums. As regards the selection of members to the bodies like the Lok Ayukta and the State Human Rights Commission, consultation with the Speaker is a statutory requirement. The Speaker participates in the Annual Meetings of All India Presiding Officers’ Conference and Commonwealth Parliamentary Association Conference. The Dynamic Institution

The founding fathers of our Constitution had recognised the importance of the Office of the Speaker in our representative democracy. Indeed, it was this recognition that guided them in establishing this Office as one of the prominent and dignified institutions in the democratic setup of our country. The Speaker represents the dignity and power of the House over which he is presiding. As a dynamic institution, the Office of the Speaker is one of the most crucial ones in the life of every Legislative Assembly. In Kerala, over the years, men of outstanding ability and impartiality have adorned this high office and they have lent dignity and prestige to the Chair of the Speaker. Besides conducting the Business of the House with grace and dignity, they have also played a significant role in the fair and just interpretation of the Rules and in imparting a new dimension to the working of our parliamentary system, by establishing new precedents and conventions.

16 Speakers Biographical Sketches

SPEAKER

R. SANKARANARAYANAN THAMPI

To Shri Sankaranarayanan Thampi, the esteemed leader and legislator, goes the honour of adorning the seat of the Speaker of Kerala Legislative Assembly for the first time, after the Assembly was formed in April 1957 for the newly formed State of Kerala. Born on September 30, 1911 at Pallana, Alleppey District, as the son of Shri Rama Varma Raja of Mavelikkara and Smt. Thankamma Kettilamma of Pandavath, Shri Sankaranarayanan Thampi had his initiation into the arena of public life through the Indian National Congress.

Graduating from the University College, Trivandrum, he took his B.L. Degree from Law college, Trivandrum and soon started practice as a lawyer at Mavelikkara. Meanwhile, he took part in the Harijan Uplift Movement and became a member of the

19 All Travancore Youth League in 1938 and Travancore - Cochin Legislative Assembly was also elected as its Working Committee during 1954-56, elected from Mavelikkara Member. In the same year he joined the Constituency. Subsequently, he was elected State Congress and became a Member of to the first Kerala Legislative Assembly All Travancore Congress Committee. (1957-59) from Chengannur Constituency.

Shri Sankaranarayanan Thampi was Shri Sankaranarayanan Thampi was sentenced to six months imprisonment elected as the first Speaker of Kerala in August 1938 for participating in Youth Legislative Assembly on April 27, 1957 and League activities but was released after occupied the Chair till the dissolution of three months by a general amnesty. the Assembly on July 31, 1959. The rulings He had also associated with Malabar made by him had a place in the publication Socialist Party and had organised anti-war ‘Rulings from the Chair’ and the same is activities. Meanwhile, taking part in Trade quoted regularly in the House to this day. Union Movements, he soon became Vice The rulings made by him had always been President of All Travancore Coir Factory brief and to the point. Workers’ Union. He was sentenced to two Later, he withdrew from active politics years imprisonment and fined `1000 for and acted as Chairman, State Service making allegedly provocative speeches at Rules Revision Committee. However, he Punnapra in 1946. In 1947 he joined the continued to be an active worker in the Communist Party and was a Member of the Forum for the Protection of Citizens’ Rights State Council and Executive Council of the and Forum for Social Justice. Party. He also acted as District Secretary of the party in Kayamkulam. His wife was Smt. P.L. Thankamma and they have three sons and two daughters. Shri Sankaranarayanan Thampi was elected to Travancore Sri Mulam Assembly, Shri Sankaranarayanan Thampi expired on the Third Assembly (1944-47) in 1944, November 2, 1989. The Kerala Legislative representing -Karthikapalli Assembly paid homage to him on Constituency. He was also a Member of January 22, 1990.

20 SPEAKER

K.M. SEETHI SAHIB

Janab K.M. Seethi, popularly called Seethi Sahib by those around him, occupied the Chair of the Speaker of Kerala Legislative Assembly from March 12, 1960 to April 17, 1961. Born in 1899 as the son of Haji Seethi Mohammed and Smt. A.K. Fatima Beevi in an affluent family in Kodungalloor, Shri Seethi Sahib later came to be regarded as one of the stalwart figures in the line of administrators.

A law graduate who groomed into a successful lawyer, Shri Seethi Sahib did his schooling in Kodungalloor High School and completed Intermediate from Maharaja’s in 1917. He enrolled as an advocate in Madras High Court in 1927 and started practice in Ernakulam and Tellicherry.

21 As many of his generation, Shri Seethi Sahib As a public man, he was particularly also joined politics as a student, taking part acclaimed for his qualities, which brought in the freedom struggle. He took active him distinguished success. His suavity of part in the Non Co-operation Movement manners, his inexhaustible patience, his in 1921 and had also represented Kerala wide knowledge of men and things, the State in the Lahore Congress in 1930. He liberal and disarming way in which he however left the Congress in 1933. He was approached public questions, all these elected to Cochin Legislative Assembly combined, made his public career one of twice, in 1928 and 1931 unanimously, great distinction and enduring success. before he became a Member of Kerala Legislature. Apart from being a statesman, Shri Seethi After becoming an active worker of the Sahib was a gifted orator, writer and a Muslim League in 1937, Shri Seethi Sahib dedicated social worker, who toiled for the was elected to Madras Legislative Assembly upliftment and well-being of the backward in 1946 and 1952 from the sections of the society. Many educational Constituency. institutions owed their existence to him. And as a lawyer, he attained eminence of a Shri Seethi Sahib’s entry into the Kerala Legislative Assembly was in 1960, elected rare degree. Again, as founder member of from Constituency. His ‘Chandrika’, Shri Seethi Sahib found time personal charisma coupled with leadership for literary contributions, even amidst a qualities ensured him the coveted post of tight schedule. the Speaker of the Assembly, right on his Smt. Khadija was his wife and they have debut. one son and three daughters. As one known for his integrity, character, courage of conviction and honesty of Years of unceasing toil took its toll on Shri purpose, Shri Seethi Sahib was able to Seethi Sahib’s health and culminated in his conduct deliberations of the Assembly passing away on April 17, 1961, while still successfully, adding to the grace and in Office. The Assembly paid homage to dignity of the House. him on June 8, 1961.

22 SPEAKER

C.H. MOHAMMED KOYA

“One unmistakable mark of a Great Man,” it has been said, “is the power of making durable impression upon people he meets; a second is to have handled matters in such a manner that the course of events is continually influenced by what he did.” Judged by these yardsticks, Shri C.H. Mohammed Koya was truly one of the most outstanding personalities in the history of modern Kerala.

Adorning the seat of the Speaker of the second Kerala Legislative Assembly, after the unexpected demise of Janab K.M. Seethi Sahib, Shri Mohammed Koya played many parts with distinction – Journalist, Editor, Author, Orator, Legislator and Administrator.

Born on July 15, 1927 as the son of Payampunathil Shri Ali Musaliar and Smt. Mariyumma at Atholi in Calicut District, he had his early education in the Kongannur Aided Elementary

23 School, Velur Mappila Elementary School headed by Shri P. K. Vasudevan Nair. As and Quilandy Board High School. Minister for Education, Shri Mohammed Koya was instrumental in formulating many In his early years, Shri C.H. Mohammed progressive reforms. He had also handled Koya served for a short term in the the portfolios of Home and Finance. District Muslim League Committee and in the Municipal Office in On October 12, 1979, Shri Mohammed Calicut. Subsequently, he served in the Koya became the Chief Minister of editorial staff of ‘Chandrika’. In 1951, Shri Kerala and continued up to December 1, C.H. Mohammed Koya was elected to the 1979. In the next UDF Ministry headed national executive of IUML and shortly by Shri K. Karunakaran, Shri Mohammed afterwards , was elected as Councillor of Koya adorned the seat of Deputy Chief Calicut Municipality. Minister. Continuing in the seat even after the ministry was re-constituted in Shri C.H. Mohammed Koya was elected 1982, after the General Elections, Shri to the Kerala Legislative Assembly in C.H. Mohammed Koya stayed there till his 1957 from Tanur Constituency. He was untimely demise in the ensuing year. again elected to the second KLA from the same constituency in 1960. Leader of the Shri Mohammed Koya had also served as Muslim League Parliamentary Party in Chairman of Assurance Committee during the Assembly, Shri C.H. Mohammed Koya 1958-59 and Public Accounts Committee became Speaker on June 9, 1961 on the during 1980-82. demise of Shri Seethi Sahib and continued A gifted writer with an amazing sense of till November 10, 1961. humour, Shri C.H. Mohammed Koya also Though the youngest of Presiding Officers, has to his credit no less than eight delightful he conducted the business with flair and volumes, like ‘My Haj Pilgrimage’, ‘Caux – distinction. In the midst, he found time to London – Cairo’, ‘The Malaysia I saw’, ‘How indulge in his favourite pastimes of reading Legislative Assembly Works’, ‘Soviet Union’, and writing. ‘Muslim Rule in India through Stories’, ‘Five Days in Sri Lanka’ and ‘Travel Around When Muslim League quit the political the World’. Along with, Shri Mohammed alliance at State level, Shri Mohammed Koya continued to remain Chief Editor of Koya resigned Speakership and contested ‘Chandrika’ in the midst of a tight schedule. the election successfully from the Calicut Constituency. In the course of an illustrious public life spanning over three decades, Shri C.H. Again, in the State Assembly elections Mohammed Koya played many roles with held in 1967, Shri C.H. Mohammed Koya distinction. won by a vast majority, contesting from His wife was Smt. Amina and they have Constituency. In the ministry three children, Dr. M.K. Muneer, former headed by Shri E.M.S. Namboodiripad, Minister and MLA for five terms representing Shri C.H. Mohammed Koya handled the Kozhikode South Constituency in the 14th portfolio of Education. He continued as KLA being his only son. Minister for Education in the succeeding ministries headed by Shri C. Achutha Shri C.H. Mohammed Koya passed away on Menon, Shri K.Karunakaran and Shri A.K. September 28, 1983. The Assembly paid Antony, right up to the Nineth Ministry homage to him on November 25, 1983.

24 SPEAKER

ALEXANDER PARAMBITHARA

Shri Alexander Parambithara, fondly called A.P., who adorned the seat of the Speaker of Kerala Legislative Assembly was a man of conviction. When Shri A.P. was elected as Speaker, Shri Joseph Chazhikadan had voiced aloud “all the qualities were so mingled in him that Nature will stand up and say here is a man”. Through his selflessness and high regard for human values and virtues, Shri A.P. was truly a role model for the younger generation.

Born in February 1900, Shri A.P., affectionately referred to as Parambithara Master, had his education in Ernakulam Maharaja’s College, Thiruchirappally St. Joseph’s College and Trivandrum Law College. He started his career as Headmaster of Kumbalangi St. Peter’s High School, after passing out of Saidapet Teachers’

25 Training College. Perhaps it was this Master graced that coveted seat till experience as a teacher which later helped September 10, 1964. him in tiding over tiring situations. Shri Parambithara was elected once He had also served as Ernakulam again in 1967, this time from Ernakulam Municipal Council Chairman during 1947-51. Constituency. During this period, he Even after he became Member of Kerala was also Chairman of two Legislature Legislative Assembly, he had served as Committees; Assurances Committee during President, Congress 1967-68 and Library Advisory Committee during 1969-70. Committee in 1961. Not one to compromise on his beliefs A.P. Master had been elected to Cochin and convictions, Parambithara Master did Assembly twice in 1934 and 1947 and not hesitate to voice his opinion when Tiru-Cochi Council also, in 1952 and Emergency was proclaimed in 1975 and 1954. He was elected to Kerala Legislative had the courage and sincerity of purpose Assembly from Palluruthi Constituency in to join hands with Shri A.K. Gopalan, when 1957 and 1960. his party fought against its imposition and Shri Alexander Parambithara became even courted arrest in the process. Speaker of the Assembly on December 13, Shri Parambithara Master breathed his 1961. Conducting the business of the last on June 10, 1989. The Assembly paid House with his characteristic elan, A.P. homage to him on June 12, 1989.

26 SPEAKER

D. DAMODARAN POTTI

A true veteran who shone in every field that he ventured into, Shri Damodaran Potti had the patriotic spirit and the courage of conviction to discard what could have been a blazing career in Central Secretariat Service, to participate in the Quit India Movement.

Born in 1921 as the son of Shri K. Damodaran Potti and Smt. Aryadevi, Shri Potti in his early days had a brilliant academic career crowned with achievements. Completing his school education from Kottarakkara High School, he took his Intermediate from SB College, Changanasserry and B.A. from Arts College, Trivandrum. Opting to continue his studies, he also obtained a Fellowship in law from Law College, Trivandrum.

27 Shri Damodaran Potti’s political career persona and upholding the decorum and began in full swing after becoming an active dignity of the House. In the meanwhile, member in the INC. Becoming District he had also served as the Chairman of the President of Congress Socialist Party he Committee on Government Assurances later quit and joined PSP. Getting elected during 1963-64. to TCLA in 1954, Shri Potti served as its Deputy Speaker from March 24, 1954 to Shri Potti has put his stamp in many March 23, 1956. social areas as well. He was the Convenor of District Bharat Sevak Samaj, Quilon. Shri Potti became a member of KLA for He was also the Chairman of Lok Karya the first time in 1960 in the second KLA Kshetra Committee, Kerala; Kerala Unit contesting from Kottarakkara. In the very same Assembly, he also served as of the SSP and Vice Chairman of the Minister for Public Works from February Kerala Grandhasala Sangham and was the 22, 1960 to September 26, 1962 in the President of the Plywood Employees Union, Ministry headed by Shri Pattom Thanu Head Load Worker’s Union, Kottarakkara Pillai. In the subsequent Ministry headed and Madhya Kerala Cashew Factory by Shri R. Sankar too, Shri Potti held the Workers’ Union. Office of Minister for Public Works from Smt. P. V. Sreedevi Antharjanam was his September 26, 1962 to October 8, 1962. wife and they have one son and three Getting elected yet again in 1967, Shri daughters. Damodaran Potti was chosen as Speaker and he held this Office from March 15, 1967 Shri Damodaran Potti expired on to October 21, 1970 performing his duties November 15, 2002. The Assembly paid with that special elan associated with his homage to him on January 27, 2003.

28 SPEAKER

K. MOIDEENKUTTY HAJI

Shri K. Moideenkutty Haji, esteemed leader who graced the Chair of the Speaker of Kerala Legislative Assembly, was born as the son of Shri K. Alikutty Haji and Smt. Kunheema at on July 1, 1918. Completing his school education at Ettirikadavu L.P. School and Tirur Government High School, he worked for sometime as a teacher under Board. In 1941 Shri Haji entered government service as a clerk in the Revenue Department. But he resigned in 1946 to venture into business.

Shri Haji entered politics through Akhila Bharathiya Seva Samithi under the leadership of Kelappaji. Starting as an active Congress worker during 1947, Shri Haji later resigned from the party in 1951 and joined Muslim League. Shri Haji was elected to Kerala

29 Legislative Assembly for the first time in was the Deputy Leader and Whip of 1957 and elected again in 1960, 1967, Muslim League Legislature Party, Joint 1970 and 1987. Secretary of Kerala State Muslim League and Secretary of Kozhikode District Muslim Shri Moideenkutty Haji assumed charge League. He was also the President of as the Speaker in the fourth KLA on Trikandiyur P.C.C. Society, Tirur (1951-70) October 22, 1970. Coming as the and various social and cultural successor to Shri Damodaran Potti, he organisations. He has served as Chairman continued in the post till May 8, 1975. of KFC, Rural Institute, (1968-71) Shri Haji however opted to resign the and S.S.M. Polytechnic, Tirur. Shri Haji post for political reasons. He was also was also the Vice-President of Kerala State the Chairman of the Public Accounts Muslim League and the Member of State Committee during 1976-77. Muslim League High Power Committee. Shri Haji was the Member in the Malabar Smt. P. Ayisha Hajjumma was his wife and District Board representing Tirur from they have six sons and six daughters. 1954 to 1958, Jamia Nooriya Arabic College Committee (Pattikad), Pokkar Shri Moideenkutty Haji expired on Sahib Memorial College Committee and September 12, 1997. The Assembly paid Orphanage Committee. He homage to him on December 8, 1997.

30 SPEAKER

T.S. JOHN

Shri T.S. John who graced the seat of the Speaker in the fourth Kerala Legislative Assembly, had the distinction of having been a Minister in the Council of Ministers as well. He was born on October 21, 1939 at Kaviyoor as the son of Shri Mathai. Shri T.S. John, like many others of his generation, was also drawn to politics through student movements. A graduate in Science, Shri T.S. John was an active participant in several student movements during his days in SB College, Changanassery. Later he became a law graduate and practised as an advocate for some time in the High Court of Kerala. Shri T. S. John was one of the founder members of Kerala Congress and was its Vice Chairman. He had also served as a member of Kaviyoor Panchayat.

31 Getting elected to KLA in 1970, 1977, 1982 the Ministry headed by Shri P. K. Vasudevan and 1996 from Kalloopara Constituency, Nair. He was also the Chairman of the Shri T. S. John assumed charge as the Estimates Committee. Speaker of Kerala Legislative Assembly on February 17, 1976 in the fourth KLA. Till Shri T.S. John had also served as Kerala then Shri R.S. Unni, Deputy Speaker had Congress (J) Vice Chairman, Kerala been performing the duties of the Speaker. Congress (M) Vice Chairman and High Shri T. S. John occupied the Chair till Power Committee member. March 25, 1977. Smt. Aleykutty was his wife and they have Subsequently, he served as the Minister one son. for Food and Civil Supplies from October 19, 1978 to October 27, 1978 in the Ministry Shri T.S. John expired on June 9, 2016. The headed by Shri A.K. Antony and from assembly paid homage to him on June 27, October 29, 1978 to October 7, 1979 in 2016.

32 SPEAKER

CHAKKEERI AHAMED KUTTY

Shri Chakkeeri Ahamed Kutty, who had the distinction of having been a Speaker and a Minister, graced the seat of the Speaker in the fifth Kerala Legislative Assembly. Born in 1915 as the son of Shri Chakkeeri Moideenkutty and Smt. Palliyali Viriyath at near Vengara in , Shri Ahamed Kutty had his school education at and Tirur. However, he had to abandon his studies with the demise of his father in 1929.

Shri Chakkeeri Ahamed Kutty started his political activities as a worker of the Indian National Congress at the age of 17 in 1932. Getting elected as Member of Ernad Taluk Board in that year, he also participated in the national movement under the inspiring leadership of Mohammed Abdurahiman Sahib. Again,

33 as President of Vengara Town Congress Constituency to the fourth KLA and fifth Committee, he led the agitations for the KLA. removal of Hitchcock Memorial in 1938. Shri Chakkeeri Ahamed Kutty became the He resigned membership of the Indian Minister for Education on March 2, 1973, National Congress in 1939 and joined the when Shri C.H. Mohammed Koya resigned All India Muslim League. Shri Chakkeeri his ministership. He continued as Minister Ahamed Kutty was one of the forerunners till March 25, 1977. to build up a strong base for the Muslim Shri Chakkeeri Ahamed Kutty was elected League Party in Kerala. He served as as the Speaker of Kerala Legislative a Member, both in the Muslim League Assembly on March 28, 1977. He held Working Committee and State Committee. the Office till February 14, 1980. It was He had also served as President of Vengara during his Speakership that preliminary steps were taken for the formation of Panchayat for many years. Subject Committees which later became His legislative career began in 1952 when a role model for other Legislatures. The he was elected as a member of the Madras construction of Legislature Complex was also commenced during his stewardship. Legislative Assembly, the first Assembly constituted under the Constitution of Shri Chakkeeri Ahamed Kutty was very India, from Constituency. After much interested in Football, Chess, Kolkali the formation of the Kerala State, he and . After 1980, he kept away from active politics but later joined represented Kuttippuram Constituency Janatha Dal. in the first Kerala Legislative Assembly (1957-59). He was later elected to the Smt. Safiya was his wife and they have five third Kerala Legislative Assembly from sons and four daughters.

Malappuram Constituency in a by-election Shri Chakkeeri Ahamed Kutty expired on held on June 10, 1969 following the January 4, 1993. The Kerala Legislative demise of Shri M. P. M. Ahammed Kurikkal. Assembly paid homage to him on He was again elected from the Kuttippuram January 25, 1993.

34 SPEAKER

A.P. KURIAN

Shri A.P. Kurian, eminent parliamentarian who became the Speaker of the Kerala Legislative Assembly was born on October 6, 1930 as the son of Shri A.K. Paulose and Smt. Mariamma at Thuravoor, Angamali.

Pursuing his early education in Thuravoor St. Augustine Upper Primary School and Manickamangalam NSS High School, Shri Kurian joined the Aluva U.C. College, but was unable to complete education because of his inclination towards political activities.

Joining the un-divided Communist Party in 1951, Shri Kurian chose to stay with CPI (M) after the party split and had actively participated in various movements of the peasants and worked for the betterment of their lot. He had a commendable stint

35 as President of a number of Kisan Sabha formation of Subject Committees reached organisations and Trade Unions of TELK, its culmination. Shri Kurian held the Office CAMCO, TOSHIBA and Travancore Rayons till February 1 , 1982. and also a remarkable term as Member of Ernakulam District Committee and Before that, during 1972-73 he had also a Secretariat of CPI (M) before becoming a brief stint as Chairman of Public Accounts Member of Kerala Legislative Assembly. Committee. He was also Director, Plantation Corporation and Director and In 1967, Shri Kurian was elected to the Kerala Legislative Assembly from Angamali Chairman, Bamboo Corporation. Constituency. Subsequently, he was A gifted orator and writer, Shri Kurian elected to three successive Assemblies, had also served as the Unit Manager of in 1970, 1977 and 1980. Desabhimani, Thiruvananthapuram for Shri Kurian was detained in July and four years. September, 1975 at the Viyyur Central Prison for sixteen months under MISA, for Smt. Kunjamma was his wife and they breaking the ban to conduct processions have three sons. and meetings in protest of the Emergency. Shri A.P. Kurian expired on August 30, 2001 Shri A.P. Kurian was elected as the Speaker while very much active in public life. on February 15, 1980. It was during The Assembly paid homage to him on his tenure as the Speaker that steps for October 12, 2001.

36 SPEAKER

A.C. JOSE

Shri A.C. Jose, who adorned the seat of the Speaker in the sixth Kerala Legislative Assembly was an Advocate, Journalist, Trade Unionist and Political Leader. Born on May 9, 1937 as the son of Shri A.C. Chacko and Smt. Mary Chacko at Edapally in Ernakulam District, Shri A.C. Jose, a B.Sc., LL.M. degree holder, had his education at St. Albert’s College, Ernakulam, Government Law College, Ernakulam and Department of Law, Kerala University. Like many other prominent leaders down the years, he too entered the political fray through student politics.

Before becoming a Member of the Kerala Legislative Assembly, Shri A.C. Jose was instrumental in the formation of the Kerala Students Union and served as its General Secretary and President during the period 1959-63. During 1963-65 he was

37 member of the National Executive of the Committee on External Affairs (1997-98) Indian Youth Congress. He was also the (two terms) and Consultative Committee, Vice President of Kerala Pradesh Congress Ministry of Commerce (1997-98). After Committee. getting re-elected to the in 1998, Shri A.C. Jose served as member of A prominent trade unionist, Shri A.C. Jose the Executive Committee, CPP, Committee was the elected leader of trade unions of on Transport and Tourism, Joint Committee almost all major industries as well as the on Salaries and Allowances of Members of National Shipping Board. A member of the Parliament and Consultative Committee, Municipal Corporation Council of Cochin Ministry of Tourism. Getting elected yet during 1969-78, Shri A.C. Jose made a again in 1999 to the , Shri remarkable stint as the Mayor during A.C. Jose was Member of Committee on 1972-73 and was the youngest Mayor of Industry (1999-2000) and Consultative India at that time. Committee, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers (2000-04). Shri A.C. Jose was In 1980, Shri A. C. Jose became a Member also a Member of the official delegation of the sixth Kerala Legislative Assembly of Government of India to the UN in 1996 from Parur Constituency. He was elected and 1998. as the Speaker of the Assembly on February 3, 1982 and he held the post till Shri A.C. Jose also served as the Man- June 23, 1982. aging Editor of the Veekshanam Daily and later was its Chief Editor, who published Subsequently, he was elected to the many relevant articles for several years. seventh Kerala Legislative Assembly through a by-election held on May 22, A lover of sports who was instrumental 1984 from Parur. While serving as Member in organising several sports events in the of Kerala Legislative Assembly, Shri Jose State, Shri A.C. Jose was also the President had also served as Chairman of Privileges of the Kerala Sports Council during 1982-87. Committee (1986-87) and the Estimates He was Member of the official delegation Committee (twice during 1984-87). In not only to the Los Angeles Olympics but also to several Asian Games. 1996, he was elected as a member of the th 11 Lok Sabha. Prof. Leelamma Jose was his wife and they have three sons and a daughter. During 1996-98, while serving as a Member of Parliament, Shri A.C. Jose Shri A.C. Jose expired on January 23, was also Member of several committees, 2016. The Assembly paid homage to him the Privileges Committee (1996-97), on February 8, 2016.

38 SPEAKER

VAKKOM PURUSHOTHAMAN

Shri Vakkom Purushothaman, veteran leader and administrator, remains one of those few having the rare privilege of holding the Office of the Speaker twice in the Kerala Legislative Assembly. Born on April 12, 1928 as the son of Shri Bhanu Panicker and Smt. Bhavani, Shri Vakkom Purushothaman started his political career as an active worker of Students Congress in 1946. After college education, Shri Purushothaman further opted to pursue Law and holds a M.A., LL.B.

In 1953, Shri Purushothaman became a member of Vakkom Panchayat. He underwent imprisonment in connection with the High Court Agitation in 1956 and later in 1978, in connection with the agitation against the arrest of Smt. Indira Gandhi.

39 He also served as Syndicate Member Besides these positions, Shri of the Kerala University and was the Purushothaman held the exalted post of President, DCC, Thiruvananthapuram, Lt. Governor of Andaman and Nicobar General Secretary, KPCC and Vice President Islands from March 19, 1993 to March 18, KPCC. He has been AICC member for a 1996. He also led the Indian delegation to long time and was its General Secretary for the Global Conference on the Sustainable a short period. Development of Small Island Developing States held in Barbados in 1996. Shri Vakkom Purushothaman was elected to KLA in 1970, 1977, 1980, 1982 and Shri Vakkom Purushothaman had his 2001 from Attingal Constituency. He was innings as a Member of Parliament as well, the Minister for Agriculture and Labour being elected to Lok Sabha in 1984 and from September 25, 1971 to March 25, in 1989 from Constituency. He 1977 in the Ministry headed by Shri was one among the Panel of Chairmen C. Achutha Menon and the Minister for of the Lok Sabha. He also served as the Health & Tourism from January 25, 1980 Chairman of the Committee on Public to October 16, 1981 in the E.K. Nayanar Undertakings and the Committee on Ministry. His main contributions as Minister Subordinate Legislation in Lok Sabha. include implementation of Agricultural Shri Purushothaman was the Chairman of Workers’ Act, Head Load Workers’ Act, the Consultative Committee of Experts Ela Development Scheme, Tourism to the CIDP of Inter Parliamentary Development Schemes, Students Health Union, Geneva for five years. Besides, Card Scheme and giving ‘referral status’ to he was a delegate to the Commonwealth the Medical Colleges in the State. Parliamentary Conference, held at Bahamas Shri Vakkom Purushothaman held the in 1982, Nairobi in 1983, Isle of Man in Office of the Speaker in the seventh KLA 1984 and Australia in 2001. from June 24, 1982 to December 28, 1984 Shri Vakkom Purushothaman held the and in the eleventh KLA from June 6, 2001 Office of the Minister for Finance & Excise to September 4, 2004. It was during his from September 5, 2004 to May 12, 2006. tenure as Speaker of the Assembly, that He was the Governor of Mizoram during two new Legislature Committees, namely 2011-14. Committee on Local Fund Accounts and Committee on Official Languages were Dr. Lilly Purushothaman is his wife and they constituted. have two sons and one daughter.

40 SPEAKER

V.M. SUDHEERAN

Shri V.M. Sudheeran, known for his principled stand on several issues, graced the Chair of the Speaker in the seventh Kerala Legislative Assembly. He was one of those veterans who had the distinction of serving as the Speaker of the Assembly and as the Minister in the Cabinet.

Born on May 26, 1948 at Padiyam village, Anthikad in Trichur District as the son of Shri Vailoppilly Sankaran Mama and Smt. Girija, Shri Sudheeran was actively involved in student and youth movements, rising to hold high offices at a young age. He served as President, Kerala Students Union from 1971 to 1973 and President, Kerala Pradesh Youth Congress from 1975 to 1977. He was also General Secretary, Indian Youth Congress from 1977 to 1979.

41 Shri Sudheeran was elected to the Kerala also Member of the Standing Committee Legislative Assembly in 1980, 1982, 1987 on Human Resources Development during and 1991 from Manalur Constituency. He 1998-2002 and served as the Convenor of held the Office of the Speaker in the seventh its Sub Committee on Medical Education KLA from March 8, 1985 to March 27, during 1998-2000. He also served as 1987. His tenure as Speaker is particularly Member, Standing Committee on Rural remembered for the principled stand he and Urban Development during 2002-04. adopted in the issue of re-promulgation of During 2001-04, he was a Member, Ordinances, as he was convinced that the Committee on Ethics of the Lok Sabha. He Law should originate from the Legislature. also served as Member of the Consultative Subsequently, he served as the Minister Committees for the Ministry of Civil for Health from April 20, 1995 to May 9, Aviation and Railways during 1996-97 and 1996 in the Ministry headed by Shri A.K. 1998-2004 respectively. Antony. While a member of the Assembly Besides, he was a Member of the Coir he chaired the Estimates Committee from Board during 1977-78 and 1998-99. 1982 to 1984 and the Private Members’ Bills and Resolutions Committee from 1984 Shri Sudheeran was the General Secretary to 1985. Shri Sudheeran was a member of of KPCC during 1980-85 and Vice President the Lok Sabha during 1977-79, 1996-97, of KPCC in 1990-91 and has long been a 1998-99, 1999-2004 from Alappuzha member of the AICC. He held the post of Constituency. KPCC President from 2014 to March 2017.

He served as a Member, Standing Smt. Latha is his wife and they have one Committee on Railways in 1996-97. He was son and one daughter.

42 SPEAKER

VARKALA RADHAKRISHNAN

Shri Radhakrishnan, fondly called Varkala by those around him, graced the Chair of the Speaker in the eighth Kerala Legislative Assembly. A successful lawyer and renowned parliamentarian, Shri Radhakrishnan was born on August 21, 1927 as the son of Shri R. Vasudevan and Smt. G. Dakshayani. Completing education at Travancore University and Kerala University, he also obtained a Law Degree and practised as a lawyer for a long time. He appeared in many cases on the issue of Emergency excesses and defended many political leaders who were detained without trial in those days. A lawyer of repute, Shri Varkala Radhakrishnan was also Vice-President of All India Lawyers Union and President of Kerala State Lawyers Union.

43 In the course of a long public life, he He had chaired the Private Members’ Bills held many high offices. He had served and Resolutions Committee from 1981 to as the President of Varkala Panchayat 1982 and the Public Accounts Committee from 1953 to 1962. He was also the from 1982 to 1984. President of Thiruvananthapuram District Karshaka Sangham, PWD Workers Union Shri Varkala Radhakrishnan was elected th and Progressive Lawyers’ Forum. As an to the 12 Lok Sabha in 1998 and he advocate of justice who believed in equality served as Member, Committee on Finance, for all, Shri Varkala Radhakrishnan fought Committee on Subordinate Legislation and against untouchability and other social Consultative Committee of the Ministry of evils. He was also a member of the Kerala Commerce of the Lok Sabha. Again he was th University Senate and was elected as a elected to the 13 Lok Sabha in 1999 and member of All Kerala Karshaka Sanghom was a Member, Committee on Privileges, State Committee. Committee on Labour and Consultative Committee attached to the Ministry of Shri Varkala Radhakrishnan was elected Science and Technology. In 2004, he was to KLA in 1980, 1982, 1987 and 1991, all elected to the and had from Varkala Constituency. Shri Varkala served as Member, Panel of Chairmen, Radhakrishnan assumed charge as the General Purpose Committee and Committee Speaker of the Assembly in the eighth on Personnel and Public Grievances. KLA on March 30, 1987 and he held the Chair for a period of over four years, upto He attended the 33rd Commonwealth June 28, 1991. At the time when he was the Parliamentary Association Conference at Speaker of the Assembly, he had evinced Kualalumpur in 1987, 34th CPA Conference keen interest in legislative business and at Canberra in 1988, 35th CPA Conference in had chaired the marathon sittings of Barbados as the Chairman of a Committee the Assembly for seven days during the and the 36th CPA Conference in Zimbabwe sixth Session of eighth KLA in February again as the Chairman of a Committee. 1989, many times the sittings extending well upto the wee hours of the next day He had his literary accomplishments as in connection with the passing of the well. Besides publishing a series of articles Kerala Public Libraries Bill, 1989. During in periodicals on politics and legislation, the discussion on the Kerala Public Men’s Shri Varkala Radhakrishnan also has to his Corruption (Investigations and Inquiries) credit, a book on Parliamentary Practice. Bill, 1987 also, which commenced on Prof. Soudamini was his wife. They have December 12, 1987 during the third one son and two daughters. Session of the eighth KLA and went on till 4.30 a.m. on December 13, 1987, he had Shri Varkala Radhakrishnan expired on chaired the sitting with perseverance and April 26, 2010. The Assembly paid homage involvement. to him on June 28, 2010.

44 SPEAKER

P. P. THANKACHAN

Shri P. P. Thankachan, a successful lawyer and parliamentarian, adorned the Chair of the Speaker in the ninth Kerala Legislative Assembly and later became a Minister as well. He was born on July 29, 1939 at Angamaly, Ernakulam District as the son of Rev. Fr. Poulose Pynadath and Smt. Annamma.

As a student, apart from his studies, Shri Thankachan was active in co-curricular activities too and was the recipient of the award for the best student of S.H. College, Thevara, Cochin in the year 1956-57.

After graduating, he opted to pursue a degree in Law and on successful completion, groomed into a practising lawyer of repute. In addition, he secured a Diploma in Public Administration.

45 In 1968, Shri Thankachan became the during his tenure - Committee on the youngest Municipal Chairman in the country Welfare of Women and Children, Committee when he was elected to the Perumbavoor on Environment, Committee on the Welfare Municipal Council. He held the post till of Backward Class Communities and 1980. He also served as the Leader of Committee on Papers Laid on the Table. He Opposition in the Perumbavoor Municipal was the Chairman of Committee on Papers Council from 1980 to 1985. Laid on the Table during 1996-98.

He was the President, Ernakulam District Shri Thankachan became a Minister Congress Committee from 1977 to 1989. holding the portfolio of Agriculture in the He also held the Presidentship of various Cabinet headed by Shri A. K. Antony, on trade unions in the State. May 3, 1995 and continued till May 9, 1996. He was the Opposition Chief Whip in Shri Thankachan was elected to Kerala the tenth Kerala Legislative Assembly from Legislative Assembly in 1982,1987, 1996 to 2001. 1991 and 1996 all from Perumbavoor Constituency as a Congress candidate. He had served as the Chairman, Kerala He was the Secretary, Indian National Marketfed and was also Vice President of Congress(I) Legislature Party from 1987 to Kerala Pradesh Congress Committee during 1991. 2001-04. Shri Thankachan was appointed as acting President of KPCC in 2004 and Shri Thankachan was elected as the later became Convenor of UDF and still fourteenth Speaker of Kerala Legislative continues in this post. Assembly on July 1, 1991 and occupied the Chair till May 3, 1995. Four new Smt.T.V.Thankamma is his wife and they Legislature Committees were formed have one son and two daughters.

46 SPEAKER

THERAMBIL RAMAKRISHNAN

Shri Therambil Ramakrishnan adorned the Chair of the Speaker of the Kerala Legislative Assembly twice. As the Speaker, he has contributed much for upholding the healthy democratic ideals and principles of parliamentary democracy. With pleasing manners, friendly behaviour and sensible approach, he had a knack of managing the floor peacefully. He is widely recognised as a man of maturity and a Speaker of consensus. He believed that administration was the duty of the Government and criticism that of the Opposition and only if both played their roles well, parliamentary democracy would flourish.

Born on June 3, 1941 at Kuttur, as the son of Shri Melute Krishna Menon and Smt. Therambil Nanikutti Amma, Shri Therambil Ramakrishnan entered politics through student movements. He had his early education at Government Lower Primary School and Chandra Memorial Government

47 School of his village. He took graduation to May 23, 2006. He was again elected from Sree Kerala Varma College, Thrissur, to 12th and 13th KLA from the Thrissur where he played a dominant role in the Constituency and was the Deputy Leader college union activities by holding the of the Congress Legislature Party in the posts of General Secretary (1958-59) and 13th KLA. Shri Therambil Ramakrishnan also Chairman (1959-60). served in various Legislature Committees. He was the Chairman of the Committee He took his F.L. and B.L. Degrees from on Papers Laid on the Table during 1998- Ernakulam Law College and Law College, 2001 and Committee on Official Language Thiruvananthapuram respectively. During his during 2003-04, besides being Member of days in Ernakulam Law College, he also had financial committees. a commendable stint as Magazine Editor. In a career spanning over five decades, Having entered the portals of the legal Shri Therambil Ramakrishnan has proved profession, Shri Therambil Ramakrishnan his capabilities in different walks of life. evolved into a lawyer of standing, He was member of the Nair Service occupying the position of legal advisor in Society Director Board during the period many reputed institutions and banks. As 1975-84; he had a role in starting the the General Secretary of the Kerala Bar NSS Public School and Working Women’s Federation, he played a pivotal role in Hostel, Thrissur. During 1978-84, he introducing the Advocate Welfare Fund and served as General Secretary of the National Advocate Clerks’ Welfare Fund. Democratic Party and was its Chairman In due course, Shri Therambil Ramakrishnan during 1984-86. rose to important positions, including He is President of the the post of Thrissur District Congress Printing and Publishing Co-operative Committee Secretary of the undivided Society (KAIRALI). Committed to the Congress in 1965, Member, Kerala Pradesh Library Movement, he served as the Congress Committee and All India Congress Secretary of Thrissur Public Library for Committee. a number of years and Member of the Shri Therambil Ramakrishnan became a State Library Council. While serving as member of the Kerala Legislative Assembly the Manager of Vivekodayam Schools, for the first time in 1982 from Trichur Thrissur, Executive Committee Member of Constituency as a National Democratic Kerala Agricultural University and Senate Party candidate. Subsequently, he was Member of Calicut University, he made his elected to the 9th Assembly as an Indian contribution in the field of education too. National Congress candidate from the Shri Therambil Ramakrishnan was a same constituency. In this period, he was delegate to the 41st Commonwealth elected as the Speaker of the Assembly Parliamentary Conference held at Colombo on June 27, 1995 and held the post till in 1995 and the 51st Commonwealth May 28, 1996. In the 10th and 11th Assembly Parliamentary Conference held at Fiji in 2005. also he became a Member from the Thrissur Constituency and occupied the coveted post Smt. Chandramathi Amma is his wife and of the Speaker from September 16, 2004 they have a daughter and a son.

48 SPEAKER

M. VIJAYAKUMAR

Shri M. Vijayakumar, who rose to eminence through student movements and later became an experienced legislator, graced the Chair of the Speaker in the tenth Kerala Legislative Assembly.

Born on October 5, 1949 as the son of Shri V. Madhavan Pillai and Smt. B. Thankamma, Shri Vijayakumar was actively interested in political activities even from his student days. He entered into active politics after taking Law Degree from the University of Kerala.

As a student activist, he was in the forefront of many agitations including the one against corruption in private educational institutions in Kerala. He played an active role in the formation of Students Federation of India in 1970 and the Democratic Youth Federation of India in 1980 and served as General

49 Secretary of SFI. He became State memorable events. The Assembly Secretary and later All India President celebrated its 40th anniversary under his of DYFI. Shri Vijayakumar was arrested guidance. All the living members of the first several times and had been imprisoned for Kerala Legislative Assembly were honoured various periods too, including the period on this occasion. It was during his of Emergency. The historic Parliament speakership that the last meeting of the march raising the slogan ‘Education for Assembly in the old chamber in Government All, Job for All’ was spearheaded by him. Secretariat Buildings was held on June 29, The novel campaign for promoting national 1998 and the first meeting of the Assembly integration and communal harmony named in the new chamber in the Legislature ‘Human Chain’ was organized mainly by Complex was held on June 30, 1998. The his efforts. He was also a member of the old Assembly building was declared as a Senate and Syndicate of the University of historical monument and dedicated to Kerala. the nation by the Vice President of India, Shri M. Vijayakumar was elected to the Shri Krishan Kant during his speakership. eighth, ninth, tenth & twelfth Kerala Live telecasting of Assembly proceedings Legislative Assembly from the Trivandrum and computerisation work were also North Constituency. He served as Chairman started during his speakership. An ad-hoc of the Committee on Petitions from 1989 Committee was also constituted in 1996 by to 1991. Shri Vijayakumar became the him to review the working of the Subject sixteenth Speaker of Kerala Legislative Committees. Assembly on May 30, 1996 and occupied Shri M. Vijayakumar served as the the Chair till June 4, 2001. Several reforms Minister for Law, Parliamentary Affairs, were initiated during his stewardship to Sports and Youth Affairs and Ports during improve the quality of the Business in 2006-11 in the Ministry headed by Shri the House. These include regulating the V. S. Achuthanandan. He also held the number of questions to a maximum of five, portfolio of PWD for a short term. widening the scope of Privileges Committee to include ethics under its purview and Now, Shri Vijayakumar is a Member of the providing for presentation of review report State Committee, CPI(M) and Chairman, of the Subject Committees on the Demand KTDC. for Grants in the same financial year itself. Smt. Sreekala is his wife and they have one His speakership was witness to many son and one daughter.

50 SPEAKER

K. RADHAKRISHNAN

Shri K. Radhakrishnan, Speaker of the twelfth Kerala Legislative Assembly was born as the son of Shri M.C. Kochunni and Smt. Chinna, Vadakkevalappil, Chelakkara, Thrissur District on May 24, 1964. He completed his school education in U.P. School, Thonnoorkkara and Sreemoolam Thirunal High School, Chelakkara. After passing Pre-Degree from Sree Vyasa N.S.S. College, Wadakkancherry, he completed B.A. Degree course from the Sree Kerala Varma College, Thrissur.

His elevation as Speaker to the august House of Democracy has been whole-heartedly accepted by the people of Kerala irrespective of their political lineage. Hailing from the marginalised plantation labour sector, he started realising the real pain and perils of the downtrodden of the society from the early period of his life. He later strived to organise these

51 sections of the society for safeguarding Affairs from 1996 to 2001. As Minister, their rights and to uplift them. His simplicity he had proved his mettle as an efficient and adherence to values and principles in administrator and recieved accolades from public life, made him distinct among other his colleagues in the Assembly. During his public personalities. tenure, he revamped the functioning of the above departments so as to extend its He entered politics while a student as an services to the targeted groups. He was active worker of SFI and held positions elected again from the same constituency in the organisation as Sree Kerala Varma in 2001 and was Opposition Chief Whip College Unit Secretary, Chelakkara Area from 2001 to 2006 during 11th Kerala Committee Secretary and Thrissur District Legislative Assembly. Won the election for Secretariat Member. While holding these a third consecutive time from the same posts he was actively involved in politics, constituency with an increased margin, th spearheading the agitations on local issues he was elected as the 19 Speaker of Kerala Legislative Assembly on May 25, of the common man. In DYFI, he served 2006. He continued till May 31, 2011 as Chelakkara Block Committee Secretary, successfully completing his full five years Thrissur District Executive Committee tenure. Shri K. Radhakrishnan was elected Member and State Committee Member. to the 13th Kerala Legislative Assembly He led various agitations against the from Chelakkara Constituency in 2011. education policy of the Government He is currently the President, Pattikajathi during 1982-87 and was brutally assaulted Kshema Samithi, Kerala; Convenor, Dalith Soshan Mukthi Manch National Committee; by the police on several occasions. He President, Kerala State Farm Worker’s also involved actively in the problems of Union(CITU); Secretary, CPI(M) Thrissur agricultural labourers and organised them. District Committee and Member, CPI(M) He took part in the activities of Kerala State Commitee. Sastra Sahitya Parishad and Total Literacy Movement. Shri Radhakrishnan was a member of the delegation which attended the World He was elected to Thrissur District Council Youth Conference held in Cuba in 1998 in 1991 from Vallathol Nagar Division. He and a delegate to the 52nd Commonwealth was elected as Member of Kerala Legislative Parliamentary Conference held at Abuja Assembly for the first time from Chelakkara (Nigeria) in 2006. During 2006-11, he Constituency in 1996 and served as visited Malaysia, Tanzania and China Minister for the Welfare of Backward in connection with Commonwealth and Scheduled Communities and Youth Parliamentary Conference.

52 SPEAKER

G. KARTHIKEYAN

Shri G. Karthikeyan, the beloved ‘G.K.’ to companions and followers has an everlasting impression in the minds of people. Born on January 20, 1949 as the son of Shri N. P. Gopala Pillai and Smt L. Vanajakshi Amma at Varkala in Thiruvananthapuram, Shri G. Karthikeyan had his education at S. N. College, Varkala and S.N. College, . Thereafter he completed LL.B. Course.

Having started his political career as a student, Shri G. Karthikeyan held the posts in the KSU from Unit President to State President. He was student Member, Kerala University Senate and Secretary, Kerala University Union. He also served as State General Secretary and State President of the Youth Congress, General Secretary and Vice President of KPCC and Member, AICC.

53 Shri G. Karthikeyan was elected to the to keep the Watch and Ward out of the seventh Kerala Legislative Assembly in Assembly Hall was largely appreciated. 1982 from Trivandrum North Constituency. It was during his tenure that assembly Subsequently, he was elected to KLA in proceedings were completely webcasted 1991, 1996, 2001 and 2006 from Aryanad for the first time. Shri G. Karthikeyan was th Constituency and in 2011 from Aruvikkara in the forefront of organising the 125 Constituency. Shri G. Karthikeyan served anniversary celebrations to commemorate as the Minister for Electricity from the emergence of Legislative Bodies in April 20, 1995 to May 9, 1996 and again Kerala. The expansion and renaming of as the Minister for Food and Civil Supplies the training section as the Centre for from May 26, 2001 to August 29, 2004, in Parliamentary Studies and Training on a par with the BPST of the Lok Sabha, was the Ministries headed by Shri A. K. Antony. effected during his tenure. The work of He was also the Chief Whip during the 9th Shri G.Karthikeyan as Chairman of the KLA and Deputy Leader of the Congress Petitions Committee during 1991-93 and Legislature Party during the 9th and 10th House Committee during 1993-95 was KLA. remarkable. Shri. G. Karthikeyan was elected as the Dr. M. T. Sulekha is his wife and they have Speaker of the 13th KLA on June 2, 2011 two sons. Shri K. S. Sabarinadhan, his and occupied the Chair till his unexpected younger son who won the assembly by- demise on March 7, 2015. Through election following his demise, is a member legitimate decisions, he succeeded in in 14th KLA also. making the Assembly more people friendly. The practice of singing National Anthem Shri G. Karthikeyan expired on March 7, at the beginning and end of a particular 2015. The Kerala Legislative Assembly paid session was initiated by him. His decision its homage to him on March 9, 2015.

54 SPEAKER

N. SAKTHAN

Shri N. Sakthan, well known and dedicated Congressman has got the unique record of holding the positions of Protem Speaker, Deputy Speaker and Speaker of the thirteenth Kerala Legislative Assembly. He was born on May 15, 1951 as the son of Shri Y. Nalla Thampi and Smt. Y. Thankamma at Marappalam of Kanjiramkulam, Thiruvananthapuram. A Post Graduate in Arts, he has also completed the LL.B. course.

He started his political career right from his school days. His simplicity and politeness made him popular among common people. He is easily accessible to all, irrespective of poor or rich. Shri N. Sakthan served as KSC Trivandrum District Secretary (1974) and President (1975). He served as

55 Secretary (1976), Vice President (1978) to 12th KLA from Nemom Constituency in and President (1979-82) of Kerala Congress 2006. Trivandrum District Committee. A member of the 13th KLA from Kattakkada th Shri Sakthan was elected to the 7 KLA Constituency, Shri Sakthan assumed the from Constituency as a DSP Office of the Deputy Speaker on June 28, candidate in 1982. He served as the 2011 and continued till March 10, 2015. member of Trivandrum District Council from 1991 to 1994. He has also held Consequent on the demise of Shri G. the positions of General Secretary and Karthikeyan, he was elected as the Speaker Treasurer of the DCC, Thiruvananthapuram. of the 13th KLA on March 12, 2015 and continued till June 1, 2016. As the representative from Nemom th Constituency in the 11 KLA, Shri N. Shri N. Sakthan is currently member of Sakthan served as Minister for Transport KPCC Executive Committee and AICC. from September 5, 2004 to May 12, 2006 in the Ministry headed by Smt. N. Stella is his wife and they have two Shri Oommen Chandy. He was elected daughters.

56 SPEAKER

P. SREERAMAKRISHNAN

Shri P. Sreeramakrishnan, the honourable Speaker of the fourteenth Kerala Legislative Assembly entered into active politics through student and youth movements. He was born as the son of Shri P. Govindan Nair, a pioneer of the Communist movement in Valluvanadu and Smt. P. Seethalakshmi on November 14, 1967. After securing a B.A. degree, he did graduation in Education.

Shri P. Sreeramakrishnan had nearly two decades of experience in youth movements that enabled him to rise to the forefront in Kerala politics.

Shri P. Sreeramakrishnan contested the elections to the Kerala Legislative Assembly in 2006 from Constituency. Later in 2011, contesting the elections from Ponnani Constituency he became a Member of the thirteenth Kerala Legislative Assembly.

57 Again in 2016, Shri P. Sreeramakrishnan positions in DYFI from the root level to won the election from Ponnani the level of national leadership. He was Constituency with a remarkable majority Block Secretary, ; District and was elected as the Speaker of the Secretary, Malappuram; State President fourteenth Kerala Legislative Assembly as well as State Secretary. He served on June 3, 2016. as the Managing Editor of ‘Yuvadhara’ magazine and played a prominent role in Shri P. Sreeramakrishnan completed his making it more acceptable to the public. school education from Pattikkad G.L.P. Shri P. Sreeramakrishnan was elected as School, Perinthalmanna G.H.S.S. and the All India President of DYFI in 2007 in Pattikkad G.H.S.S. His political career began the national meeting held at Chennai and during his student life in Perinthalmanna continued in the post till 2012. During that G.H.S.S. when he became the Secretary of Deshabhimani Balasangham of period, he was the leader of the World Keezhattoor Panchayat in 1980. Later Federation of Democratic Youth(WFDY) Shri P. Sreeramakrishnan became an in the Asia-Pacific region. He organised active worker of SFI and DYFI. During World Youth Conferences and Forums 1983-88, while a student in the against imperialism. As part of World Youth N.S.S. College, , Shri P. movements, he visited Nepal, Srilanka, Sreeramakrishnan held the posts of SFI Laos, China, North Korea, Russia, Cuba, President, District, Office bearer, Venezuela, South Africa, U.K. and Kenya Ottapalam N.S.S. College Union and and also attended Youth Conferences in Chairman, Calicut University Union, thus various foreign countries. proving his skills as an efficient leader. During 2006-11, while serving as Vice Later he served as Senate Member and Chairman of Kerala State Youth Welfare Syndicate Member of Calicut University Board, Shri P. Sreeramakrishnan initiated while a student of the N.S.S. Training various notable projects. He was a College, Ottapalam. member of the Government Committee Shri P. Sreeramakrishnan showed his that prepared the draft law for constitution excellence in curricular as well as co- of the Youth Commission. The State Youth curricular activities. He was an active Welfare Board advanced through a different participant in the University Youth effective path under his leadership. Festivals and secured prize for the best essay in in the Inter Shri P. Sreeramakrishnan attended the University Youth Festival held in 1988. Commonwealth Parliamentary Association Shri P. Sreeramakrishnan had also served Conference held at London in December as teacher in the Melattoor Ravivarma 2016. Mooppil Eradi Higher Secondary School. Smt. M. Divya is his wife. They have one Shri P. Sreeramakrishnan has held various daughter and one son.

58 Deputy Speakers Biographical Sketches

Deputy SPEAKER

K.O. AYSHA BAI

Smt. K.O. Aysha Bai, an active leader of peace and women’s movement has the distinction of being the first Deputy Speaker of the Kerala Legislative Assembly. Needless to say, she was the first woman to adorn the Chair. Smt. Aysha Bai was bornon October 25, 1926 as the daughter of Shri K. Usman Sahib and Smt. Fathima Beevi and had her education at Women’s College and University College, Trivandrum and Law College, Ernakulam. Her political activities began even while a student when she participated in the Students Congress in 1947. She was very much interested in working for the cause of peace and took the initiative in organising many peace committees. Besides, she was in the forefront of organising women’s movement in Kerala.

Smt. Aysha Bai was elected to the first Kerala Legislative Assembly in 1957 from Kayamkulam Constituency under the CPI

61 ticket. She became the Deputy Speaker of Sangham, Member, Central and State the Assembly on May 6, 1957 and occupied Social Welfare Boards and State Watch– the position till the dissolution of the Dog Committee on Prisons. Assembly on July 31, 1959. In the second Kerala Legislative Assembly also, she was Shri K. Abdul Razzak was her husband and elected from the Kayamkulam Constituency they have two sons and two daughters. and served as the Chairperson of the Committee on Government Assurances Smt. Aysha Bai expired on October 28, from 1961 to 1963. She had also served 2005. The Assembly paid homage to her as State Vice-President, Kerala Mahila on February 20, 2006.

62 Deputy SPEAKER

A. NAFEESATH BEEVI

Smt. A. Nafeesath Beevi, lawyer and senior Congress leader was born on March 22, 1924 as the daughter of Shri Abdul Karim and Smt. Hawa Umma. She had her education at Pope Pius XI High School at Bharanikkavu, Women’s College, Trivandrum, S.D. College, Alleppey and Law College, Ernakulam. A person with a brilliant academic career, she enrolled as an advocate in 1953. Smt. Nafeesath Beevi’s political activities began in 1954. She later actively participated in the ‘Vimochana Samaram’ and had to undergo imprisonment on account of this. She took active interest in the organisational work of the Congress and was in the forefront of organising women’s associations and co- operative societies. She was a Member of the All India Congress Committee and Kerala Pradesh Congress Committee since 1956.

63 Smt. Nafeesath Beevi was elected to the She was also State Vice President of Mahila second Kerala Legislative Assembly in 1960 Congress and Member, CANFED, Kerala from Alleppey Constituency. She was Unit Standing Committee, State Committee elected to the Office of the Deputy Speaker of National Council for Women’s Education. on March 15, 1960 and continued to hold Smt. Nafeesath Beevi had also served as the post till September 10, 1964. Director of Cochin Refinery and H.I.L. She had also performed the duties of the Shri Abdulla Kutty was her husband and Speaker for the period from April 18, 1961 to June 8, 1961 and from November 11, they have one son and three daughters. 1961 to December 12, 1961. Smt. A. Nafeesath Beevi expired on She had also served as a Member in the May 11, 2015. The Assembly paid homage Kerala State Women’s Commission. to her on June 8, 2015.

64 Deputy SPEAKER

M.P. MOHAMMED JAFFER KHAN

Shri M.P. Mohammed Jaffer Khan, lawyer and senior leader of the Muslim League, was born in November 1932 as the son of Shri Fakrudhin Sahib and Smt. Sara Ummal. He had his education in Government High School, Thodupuzha, Maharaja’s College, Saint Albert’s College and Law College, Ernakulam. Soon he started practising as a lawyer and later served as the President of the Bar Associations of Thodupuzha and Moovattupuzha.

Shri Jaffer Khan was first elected to KLA in 1965 though this did not come into existence. He was again elected to third Kerala Legislative Assembly from Mattancherry Constituency. He held the Office of the Deputy Speaker from March 20, 1967 to June 26, 1970. He had also been the Chairman of Public Undertakings

65 Committee during 1968-70, Library District Muslim League. Advisory Committee during 1968-69 and Smt. C.A. Fathima was his wife and they House Committee during 1970-71. During have four daughters. 1970-76, he served as Syndicate Member of the Kerala University. Shri Mohammed Jaffer Khan expired on March 5, 2000. Shri Jaffer Khan had also been a member of the High Power Committee of Muslim The Assembly paid homage to him on League and the Secretary of Ernakulam March 29, 2000.

66 Deputy SPEAKER

R.S. UNNI

Shri R.S. Unni, veteran trade union leader, who adorned the Chairs of Deputy Speaker and Minister, was born as the son of Shri Raman Unni at Sakthikulangara on February 18, 1925. He studied up to Intermediate.

During his student days, he joined Travancore State Congress. He was an active worker of the Kerala Students Congress and was the General Secretary of the KSC. Becoming a full- time worker in the Congress as a trade unionist in 1944, Shri Unni was imprisoned for one year for participating in the ‘Agitation for Responsible Government in Travancore’. Later in 1948, he joined KSP. He was again arrested in the sensational ‘Quilon Chavara Riot Case’ and was jailed for 18 months during

67 1950-51. Subsequently, Shri Unni joined Legislation Committee during 1971-73 and RSP in 1950. 1974-75.

Shri R.S. Unni had been elected to KLA Shri Unni was the State Executive in 1967, 1970, 1977, 1980 and 1982. He Member of KSP. Besides, he had served held the Office of the Deputy Speaker inth 4 as a Member of the State Secretariat and KLA from October 30, 1970 to March 22, Central Committee of RSP and President 1977 and in between, he performed the of the State Committee of UTUC and State duties of the Speaker from May 9, 1975 to Secretary of RSP. February 16, 1976. Shri Unni served as Smt. G. Radhamma was his wife and they the Minister for Local Administration from have one daughter. January 25, 1980 to October 20, 1981 in the Ministry headed by Shri E.K. Nayanar. Shri R.S. Unni expired on February 17, 1999. He was also the Chairman of the Public Undertakings Committee during 1970-71, The Assembly paid homage to him on 1973-74 and 1976-77 and the Subordinate February 26, 1999.

68 Deputy SPEAKER

P. K. GOPALAKRISHNAN

Shri P.K. Gopalakrishnan, eminent parliamentarian and a man of letters, was born as the son of Shri Kunhitty at Sreenarayanapuram in March 1924. He graduated from Maharaja’s College, Ernakulam and was gold medalist being first in the Madras University in B.A. Degree Examination. Later, he took his law degree from Law College, Madras.

Shri P.K. Gopalakrishnan’s political career had its beginning in 1941 while he was a student in the Maharaja’s College, Ernakulam. He was one of the founder leaders of the Students Federation in the erstwhile Cochin State. Due to his participation in the Quit India Movement in 1942, his educational scholarship was cancelled. He joined the (CPI)

69 in 1942. Later, he became General Shri P.K. Gopalakrishnan served as the Secretary of All Kerala Progressive Writers’ Deputy Speaker in the fifth KLA from Association in 1949 and was arrested and July 6, 1977 to October 23, 1979. jailed for nearly one year during 1949-50. Shri P.K. Gopalakrishnan was Secretary of Shri P.K. Gopalakrishnan was a Member the Kerala History Association, Executive in the first Legislative Assembly of Madras Committee Member of the Samastha constituted under the Constitution of India. Kerala Sahithya Parishath and General Representing the Nattika Constituency in Council Member of the Kerala Sahithya the Madras Assembly from 1952 to 1956, Academy. He has to his credit the following he was the Secretary of the Communist publications (1) Art and Literature, a Study Legislature Party during the period and was (2) Cultural History of Kerala and (3) also in the Panel of Chairmen of the Madras (all in Malayalam). He was Legislative Assembly. Chief Editor of ‘Navajeevan’ for two years

Shri P. K. Gopalakrishnan was elected and ‘Navayugam’ political weekly of CPI for to the Kerala Legislative Assembly in many years. He was also the recepient of 1967 from Cranganore Constituency Kerala Sahithya Academy Award. under CPI ticket. He was again elected Smt. M. Omana was his wife and they have to the fifth KLA (1977-79) and sixth KLA two daughters. (1980-82) from the Nattika Constituency. He also served as the Chairman of the Shri P.K. Gopalakrishnan expired on Committee on Estimates in the third KLA September 14, 2009. The Assembly paid from 1968 to 1969. homage to him on September 17, 2009.

70 Deputy SPEAKER

M. J. ZAKARIA

Shri M.J. Zakaria, journalist and trade union leader, was born as the son of Shri Mohammed Jaffer Sait and Smt. Fathima Bai at Cochin on April 11, 1941. He completed his intermediate education at Mattancherry even while being involved in student movements.

Shri Zakaria entered politics through the Muslim Students Federation. He was the Councillor of the Cochin Corporation since its formation in 1967 and was the Chairman of the Health Committee. In 1976 he became the Deputy Mayor of Cochin Corporation. He was elected as a representative of the civic body to the Greater Cochin Development Authority. He has also successfully completed the orientation course for the Councillors

71 conducted by the Osmania University, As President of several trade unions he Hyderabad. had served in FCI Thozhilali Union, Cochin Port Swathanthra Thozhilali Union, Kerala Shri Zakaria had been elected to KLA in State Rationshop Employees Union, KSDP 1980, 1987 and 1991 from Mattancherry Employees Council and KMML Employees Constituency. He held the Office of Union. the Deputy Speaker in 6th KLA from February 21, 1980 to February 1, 1982. A known journalist, Shri Zakaria has He was also the Chairman of the Estimates authored several short stories and was the Committee during 1994-96. Editor of ‘Aikyam’ Weekly.

Shri Zakaria was Ernakulam District Vice- Smt. Hajara Bai was his wife and they have President of Muslim League and Secretary three sons and four daughters. of the Muslim League Legislature Party Shri M.J. Zakaria expired on October 3, during 1980-82. He was also the State 1999. Secretary and State Vice- President of AIML. He later became State Working The Assembly paid homage to him on President of INL. December 29, 1999.

72 Deputy SPEAKER

K.M. HAMSA KUNJU

Shri K.M. Hamsa Kunju, former Mayor and presently Councillor of Kochi Corporation, adorned the Chair of the Deputy Speaker in the seventh Kerala Legislative Assembly. Born as the son of Shri K.B. Mohammed on May 14, 1941 at Ernakulam, he stepped into political and trade union activities after matriculation.

Shri Hamsa Kunju became a member of the Ernakulam Municipal Council in 1966. Subsequently, in 1969 he was elected to the Cochin Corporation. He was the Mayor of Cochin Corporation for a period of 2 ½ years from 1973.

He was also Director of the Kerala Tourism Development Corporation and Greater Cochin Development Authority.

73 He was elected as Ernakulam District duties of the Speaker for the period from Secretary, IUML in 1975 and became its December 29, 1984 to March 7, 1985. Working Committee member. Though he was nominated as Chairman

Shri Hamsa Kunju was elected to the of the Committee of Privileges during this seventh Kerala Legislative Assembly from period on August 1, 1986, Shri Hamsa Mattancherry Constituency. He was elected Kunju resigned the position on August 19, as the Deputy Speaker of the Assembly 1986 for political reasons. on June 30, 1982 and occupied the Chair till his resignation on October 7, 1986. Smt. Nabeesa is his wife and they have one Shri K. M. Hamsa Kunju performed the son and one daughter.

74 Deputy SPEAKER

KORAMBAYIL AHAMED HAJI

Shri Korambayil Ahamed Haji, renowned legislator and a senior leader of the Muslim League, was born as the son of Shri Muhammed Haji and Smt. Mariyumma at Manjeri on July 16, 1930. During his student life, he participated in the activities of Muslim Students Federation. Having passed SSLC, he later ventured into the business field. In the meanwhile, he entered politics by joining the INC in 1950. He was the Vice-President and Working Committee Member of Malayala Pradesh Youth Congress and the Secretary of Ernad DCC, besides being a member of KPCC. Later, he resigned from Congress after the Vimochana Samaram.

In 1972, Shri Korambayil joined the Muslim League. He had been elected to KLA in 1977 from Mankada Constituency and

75 in 1980, 1982 and 1987 from Kuttipuram served as the President of Malappuram Constituency. He held the Office of Bus Owners Association, Vice President of the Deputy Speaker in 7th KLA from Kerala Private Transport Federation and October 20, 1986 to March 25, 1987. He had Vice President, Kerala Football Association. also served as a Member of Rajyasabha Shri Korambayil was the Director of during 1998-2003. Kerala Tourism Development Corporation, Chairman of SIDCO and State Warehousing Shri Korambayil was also the Treasurer Corporation. In 1992, he was also elected of Ernad Taluk Muslim League and later as the General Secretary of State Muslim Working Committee Member of Malappuram League. District and State Muslim League. He was a patron of the Muslim Educational Smt. K. Zainaba was his wife and they have Society as well as its founder member. He one son. was the founder Manager of Korambayil Mohammed Haji Memorial Hospital as Shri Korambayil Ahamed Haji expired on well. Besides being the Director of the May 12, 2003. The Assembly paid homage Malabar Central Co-operative Bank, he had to him on June 16, 2003.

76 Deputy SPEAKER

BHARGAVI THANKAPPAN

Smt. Bhargavi Thankappan had long served as a Member of Parliament and Kerala Legislature, before being elected as the Deputy Speaker of Kerala Legislative Assembly. She was born on July 24, 1942 at Andoor as the daughter of Shri K. Easwaran and Smt. K. Kutty. After obtaining a Post Graduate Degree in Political Science, she entered into political and trade union activities. She was also an employee in the Kerala State Electricity Board and Rubber Board for sometime.

Smt. Bhargavi Thankappan’s parliamentary career began on being elected to the fifth Lok Sabha (1971-77) from Adoor parliamentary Constituency. She was a Member in the Parliamentary Consultative Committees relating to Central Works

77 and Housing, Health and Family Planning. (1977-79) from Neduvathoor Constituency. She had also served as a Member in the She represented the Kilimanoor Joint Committee of Parliament for Adoption Constituency in the sixth KLA (1980-82), of Children Bill and the Committee on seventh KLA (1982-87), eighth KLA Estimates during 1974-75. She had been to (1987-91) and tenth KLA (1996-2001). Hungary and Romania in 1973 as a Member She was also the Protem Speaker in the of the Indian Parliamentary Delegation. eighth KLA. On April 2, 1987, she was She was a Member in the National Council elected as Deputy Speaker of eighth KLA for Women’s Education, State Family and continued till April 5, 1991. She had Planning Advisory Committee and State also served as State General Secretary Advisory Committee for Scheduled Castes and National Council Member of National and Scheduled Tribes. She had to undergo Federation of Indian Women (NFIW) imprisonment for two weeks in the Tihar jail in connection with CPI’s nation wide She is the recepient of many awards, the agitation in October 1972. She had also ‘Sahodaran Smaraka State Award’ in 1987 participated in the nation wide ‘Padayathra ‘Sahrudayavedi Award’ in 1991 and Campaign’ organised by CPI in 1976. Dr. B.R.Ambedkar Fellowship in 1973 A Member in the State Council, State for Social, Cultural and Literary work. Executive and National Council of CPI, she She has also published a travelogue had also served as Member in the Senate titled ‘Danyubinte Theerangaliloode’ (in of the Kerala University. Malayalam).

Smt. Bhargavi Thankappan was elected Shri A. Thankappan is her husband and to the fifth Kerala Legislative Assembly they have one son and two daughters.

78 Deputy SPEAKER

K. NARAYANA KURUP

Shri K. Narayana Kurup, a parliamentarian of long standing, occupied the Chair of Minister as well as that of Deputy Speaker of the Kerala Legislative Assembly. Born at Karukachal in Kottayam District on October 23, 1927 as the son of Shri K.P. Krishnan Nair and Smt. Kuttiyamma, he had his education in Travancore, Madras, Bombay and Pune Universities. After taking a law degree, Shri Narayana Kurup enrolled as an Advocate in 1954. However, he was later drawn to the teaching profession and became Lecturer and Professor in colleges under the management of the Nair Service Society.

Shri K. Narayana Kurup was first elected to the Travancore Cochin Legislative Assembly in 1954 from the Vazhoor

79 Constituency. Subsequently, he was when the Ministry tendered its resignation. elected to the second Kerala Legislative He thus served as a Minister under four Assembly on May 16, 1963 from the different Chief Ministers continuously. He Vazhoor Constituency, through a by- held the charge of Home Minister for a election following the demise of Shri V.K. short duration in 1977-78. Velappan, Minister of Public Health and Shri Narayana Kurup served as the Deputy Electricity. He again represented the Speaker in the ninth KLA from July 19, Vazhoor Constituency in the fourth KLA 1991 to May 14, 1996. He also performed (1970-77), fifth KLA (1977-79), ninth KLA the duties of the Speaker from May 4, 1995 (1991-96), tenth KLA (1996 – 2001) and to June 26, 1995. eleventh KLA. Shri Naryana Kurup was Chairman of the Committee on Petitions Previously, Shri Narayana Kurup had served during the period 1973-74 and 1975-76 as the President of Changanassery Circle and the House Committee of the fourth Co-operative Union for five years. He held KLA during 1976-77. the Presidentship of Karukachal Panchayat for twenty three years and was also Shri Narayana Kurup became the Minister member of the Kerala University Senate for for Transport with additional charge of several years. He was also member of the Excise, Printing & Press and Archaeology NSS Director Board. in the C. Achutha Menon Ministry on Smt. K. Leela Devi is his wife and they have January 26, 1977 and continued till four sons and three daughters. His son, March 25, 1977. He held the portfolio of Dr. N. Jayaraj, was the MLA from Vazhoor Transport in the succeeding K. Karunakaran Constituency in 2006 and presently Ministry also from April 11, 1977 to representing Kanjirappally Constituency April 25, 1977. In the subsequent Ministries since 2011. headed by Shri A.K. Antony and Shri P.K. Vasudevan Nair also Shri Narayana Shri K. Narayana Kurup expired on Kurup continued as Transport Minister. He June 26, 2013. The Assembly paid homage remained in that Chair upto October 7, 1979, to him on July 8, 2013.

80 Deputy SPEAKER

C.A. KURIAN

Shri C.A. Kurian, veteran trade union leader and legislator, occupied the Chair of the Deputy Speaker in the tenth KLA. He was born as the son of Shri Abraham and Smt. Ponnamma at Puthuppally on December 25,1933. While studying, he secured a job in the State Bank of Travancore. Resigning this job, he started trade union activities in 1960. He was imprisoned for 27 months in different jails and was a detenue for 17 months in Viyyur jail during 1964-66.

Shri Kurian was first elected to the fifth Kerala Legislative Assembly in 1977 from Peermade Constituency under CPI ticket. He represented the same constituency in the sixth Kerala Legislative Assembly during 1980-82 and in the tenth Kerala Legislative Assembly during 1996-2001.

81 Shri C.A. Kurian was elected as the Deputy All India Council of AITUC, State President Speaker of the tenth KLA on July 17, 1996. of Plantation Workers Federation and He continued in the position till May 16, President of Devikulam Estate Worker’s 2001. Union. Shri C.A. Kurian is also member Shri C. A. Kurian has made enormous of CPI State Executive and CPI National contributions to trade union sector. Till Control Commission. recently, he was State President and All Smt. Thankamma was his wife and they India Vice President of AITUC and was have two sons and one daughter. member of Tea Board. He is now member of

82 Deputy SPEAKER

N. SUNDARAN NADAR

Shri N. Sundaran Nadar, renowned Congressman and a people’s leader, also has the distinction of adorning the Chairs of Minister in the Government and Deputy Speaker of Kerala Legislative Assembly. He was born on September 10, 1931, as the son of Shri Nallathampy and Smt. Lekshmi. Hailing from a serene and picturesque village, Chenkel, in Thiruvananthapuram District and possessing all attributes of a simple unassuming villager, it is no wonder that he has made his mark as a champion of the downtrodden, knowing the pulse of the average man.

A law graduate of the Kerala University, his political activities had started from the school days itself. Subsequently, entering

83 Government Service as Gram Sevak 2001), and eleventh KLA (2001- 06), Shri during 1954, he resigned the job in N. Sundaran Nadar served as the Minister 1960. At the initial stages of his political for Transport from September 1, 1983 to activity, he was an active member of the March 25, 1987 in the 13th Cabinet headed Communist Party and his membership in by Shri. K. Karunakaran. He was elected that party lasted till 1964. as the Deputy Speaker of the eleventh

Later he joined the Indian National Congress Kerala Legislative Assembly on July 4, and was its Parassala Block Committee 2001 and continued till May 12, 2006. He President. Subsequently, he became the performed the duties of the Speaker from Vice President of Thiruvananthapuram September 4, 2004 to September 15, District Congress Committee and KPCC 2004 after the resignation of Shri. Vakkom member. During the period 1987-90 he was Purushothaman as Speaker of KLA. an executive member in Kerala Pradesh During 1993 – 96 he was also the Chairman Congress Committee. From 1970 he acted of KELPAM. as Parassala Block Development Committee Chairman for more than 10 years. Smt. K. Baby Sarojam was his wife and

Shri N. Sundaran Nadar’s Legislative career they have two sons and one daughter. began in 1980 with his election to the sixth Shri Sundaran Nadar passed away on Kerala Legislative Assembly from Parassala January 21, 2007. Constituency, under the INC (I) ticket. Representing the same constituency in the The Assembly paid homage to him on seventh KLA (1982-87), tenth KLA (1996- March 28, 2007.

84 Deputy SPEAKER

JOSE BABY

Born on February 24, 1959 at Konni as the son of Shri T.K. Baby and Smt. Kunjunjamma, Shri Jose Baby is the youngest Deputy Speaker of the Kerala Legislative Assembly.

Entering politics through the youth movement, he was Secretary of All India Youth Federation (AIYF), unit. Later he became Secretary, State President and National Council Secretary of AIYF. He served as the Member of the National Council of CPI. Now he serves as CPI State Council Member and Member of the State Council of All India Kisan Sabha.

Shri Jose Baby was the Member of the 10th Kerala Legislative Assembly during 1996-2001. After being elected to the

85 twelfth Kerala Legislative Assembly from He was a member of the Indian delegation Mannarkkad Constituency, he was chosen to the World Youth Festival held at Moscow, th as Deputy Speaker of 12 Kerala Legislative USSR. He attended the third Asia and India Assembly on June 20, 2006. He continued Region Commonwealth Parliamentary as Deputy Speaker till May 14, 2011. Shri Association Conference at Islamabad Jose Baby served as the Managing Editor (Pakistan). of Navajeevan monthly, the central organ of All India Youth Federation and All India Smt. M.K. Annamma (Laly) is his wife and Students Federation. they have two daughters.

86 Deputy SPEAKER

PALODE RAVI

Shri Palode Ravi, who graced the Chair of the Deputy Speaker of the thirteenth Kerala Legislative Assembly is an efficient parliamentarian. Not restraining to the Office of the Deputy Speaker, he has left his footprints in social and cultural fields. Shri Palode Ravi was born on September 25, 1949 at Peringamala, Thiruvananthapuram as the son of Shri P. Gangadharan Pillai and Smt. M. Saraswathi Amma. He completed B.Sc. course.

Shri Palode Ravi entered politics through the Kerala Students Union while a high school student. He was Thiruvananthapuram District General Secretary of KSU in early 1970s. He was elected as Member of KPCC while working as District General Secretary of KSU at the age of 21. He also served as Thiruvananthapuram District President of the Youth Congress in 1973.

87 Shri Palode Ravi was elected to the Kerala Foundation, Vyloppilli Samskriti Bhavan Legislative Assembly in 1991, 1996 and and the Kerala Sahithya Academy. He 2011 from Nedumangad Constituency. In also served as Member of the Rubber the 13th KLA, Shri Palode Ravi took charge Board, Plantation Labour Committee and as the Deputy Speaker on December 2, Executive Committee Member, Handloom 2015 and continued in the post till May 20, Development Corporation. Shri Palode 2016. Ravi also held the post of President, Sree Shri Palode Ravi was in the forefront of Chithira Thirunal Smaraka Samithi; General establishing the Malayalam University and Secretary of Indo-Russian Friendship in the efforts to secure classical language Society, Kerala and General Secretary of status for Malayalam. As the Chairman P.N. Panickar Foundation. He also served of the Official Language Committee of as Senate Member of Kerala University. He KLA, he submitted the draft report for led the Indian Cultural team to USSR twice. implementing the Malayalam Language He introduced an innovative program Law in consultation with experts from the ‘Hamara Bharat, Sakshara Bharat’ which fields of language and literature, heads of was accepted by National Literacy Mission various Universities and political leaders in and implemented throughout the country. Kerala and elsewhere. In 2015 the Kerala He was the Chairman of Samskara Sahithi, Legislative Assembly passed the Malayalam the art and cultural wing of KPCC. Language(Dissemination and Enrichment) Bill. He is member of AICC and All India Secretary of the INTUC and Member of the Shri Palode Ravi served as Member in KPCC Executive Committee. the Governing Body of the State and National Literacy Mission, Executive Smt. S. Jayakumari is his wife and they Committee of Rajaram Mohan Roy Library have a son and a daughter.

88 Deputy SPEAKER

V. SASI

Shri V. Sasi, the honourable Deputy Speaker of the fourteenth Kerala Legislative Assembly was born as the son of Shri A. Velu and Smt. K. Saradha on May 12, 1950 at Thiruvananthapuram. He has passed B.Sc. (Engineering).

Contesting the elections from Chirayinkeezhu Constituency, Shri V. Sasi became a member of the thirteenth Kerala Legislative Assembly in 2011. He won the elections to 14th KLA again from the same constituency. Shri V. Sasi was elected as the Deputy Speaker of 14th KLA on June 29, 2016.

Basically a graduate in engineering, Shri V. Sasi has to his credit nearly three decades of dedicated public service, holding senior positions in the Government Service.

89 Serving as Director of sectors like Coir, society and especially the Scheduled Caste Handloom and Cashew and Managing and Scheduled Tribe communities. Director of various Public Sector On retiring from government service in Undertakings, Shri V. Sasi played a key role in promoting the functioning and 2005, Shri V. Sasi became a full time governance of such traditional sectors. member of CPI Thiruvananthapuram He was also Chairman of various Public District Council and BKMU State Council. Sector Organizations and Member of Shri V. Sasi was Chairman, Kerala Board of Directors in Central Government Agricultural Workers Welfare Fund Board Institutions like National Textile from 2006-09. He initiated several new Corporation and Coir Board. He was the schemes for the better functioning of the Private Secretary to Shri P.K. Raghavan, Board. He was member of the Travancore the Minister for SC/ST Development in the Devaswom Board for a brief period of 11 E.K. Nayanar Ministry in 1987. months. His sincere efforts paved way for the implementation of several schemes for the Smt. S. Suma is his wife and they have one uplift of workers in the weaker sections of son and one daughter.

90 In the saddle

Speakers and Deputy Speakers - their tenures

PRESIDING OFFICERS SINCE 1957

1. Shri R. Sankaranarayanan Thampi April 27, 1957 — July 31, 1959 2. Shri K. M. Seethi Sahib March 12, 1960 — April 17, 1961 3. Shri C. H. Mohammed Koya June 9, 1961 — November 10, 1961 4. Shri Alexander Parambithara December 13, 1961 — September 10, 1964 5. Shri D. Damodaran Potti March 15, 1967 — October 21, 1970 6. Shri K. Moideenkutty Haji October 22, 1970 — May 8, 1975 7. Shri T. S. John February 17, 1976 — March 25, 1977 8. Shri Chakkeeri Ahamed Kutty March 28, 1977 — February 14, 1980 9. Shri A. P. Kurian February 15, 1980 — February 1, 1982 10. Shri A. C. Jose February 3, 1982 — June 23, 1982 11. Shri Vakkom Purushothaman June 24, 1982 — December 28, 1984 12. Shri V. M. Sudheeran March 8, 1985 — March 27, 1987 13. Shri Varkala Radhakrishnan March 30, 1987 — June 28, 1991 14. Shri P. P. Thankachan July 1, 1991 — May 3, 1995 15. Shri Therambil Ramakrishnan June 27, 1995 — May 28, 1996 16. Shri M. Vijayakumar May 30, 1996 — June 4, 2001 17. Shri Vakkom Purushothaman June 6, 2001 — September 4, 2004 18. Shri Therambil Ramakrishnan September 16, 2004 — May 23, 2006 19. Shri K. Radhakrishnan May 25, 2006 — May 31, 2011 20. Shri G. Karthikeyan June 2, 2011 — March 7, 2015 21. Shri N. Sakthan March 12, 2015 — June 1, 2016 22. Shri P. Sreeramakrishnan June 3, 2016

1. Smt. A. Nafeesath Beevi, Dy. Speaker performed the duties of the Speaker for the period from April 18, 1961 to June 8, 1961 and from November 11, 1961 to December 12, 1961.

2. Shri R. S. Unni, Dy. Speaker performed the duties of the Speaker for the period from May 9, 1975 to February 16, 1976.

3. Shri K.M. Hamsa Kunju, Dy. Speaker performed the duties of the Speaker for the period from December 29, 1984 to March 7, 1985.

4. Shri K. Narayana Kurup, Dy. Speaker performed the duties of the Speaker for the period from May 4, 1995 to June 26, 1995.

5. Shri N. Sundaran Nadar, Dy. Speaker performed the duties of the Speaker for the period from September 4, 2004 to September 15, 2004.

6. Shri N. Sakthan, Dy. Speaker performed the duties of the Speaker for the period from March 7, 2015 to March 10, 2015.

93 DEPUTY PRESIDING OFFICERS SINCE 1957

1. Smt. K.O. Aysha Bai May 6, 1957 — July 31, 1959

2. Smt. A. Nafeesath Beevi March 15, 1960 — September 10, 1964

3. Shri M. P. Mohammed Jaffer Khan March 20, 1967 — June 26, 1970

4. Shri R.S. Unni October 30, 1970 — March 22, 1977

5. Shri P. K. Gopalakrishnan July 6, 1977 — October 23, 1979

6. Shri M.J. Zakaria February 21, 1980 — February 1, 1982

7. Shri K. M. Hamsa Kunju June 30, 1982 — October 7, 1986

8. Shri Korambayil Ahamed Haji October 20, 1986 — March 25, 1987

9. Smt. Bhargavi Thankappan April 2, 1987 — April 5, 1991

10. Shri K. Narayana Kurup July 19, 1991 — May 14, 1996

11. Shri C.A. Kurian July 17, 1996 — May 16, 2001

12. Shri N. Sundaran Nadar July 4, 2001 — May 12, 2006

13. Shri Jose Baby June 20, 2006 — May 14, 2011

14. Shri N. Sakthan June 28, 2011 — March 10, 2015

15. Shri Palode Ravi December 2, 2015 — May 20, 2016

16. Shri V. Sasi June 29, 2016

94 Election of Speakers and Deputy Speakers

-Some Details

KERALA LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY DETAILS OF SPEAKER ELECTIONS SINCE 1957

Date of Date of First Vote KLA Election of Contested Candidates Result meeting secured Speaker First Shri R. Sankaranarayanan 27-04-1957 27-04-1957 - Unanimously elected. KLA Thampi Second 12-03-1960 12-03-1960 Shri K.M. Seethi Sahib - Unanimously elected. KLA Second Shri C.H. Mohammed Koya 86 Shri C.H. Mohammed Koya 09-06-1961 KLA Smt. K.O. Aysha Bai 30 declared elected. Second 13-12-1961 Shri Alexander Parambithara - Unanimously elected. KLA Third 15-03-1967 15-03-1967 Shri D. Damodaran Potti - Unanimously elected. KLA Fourth Shri K. Moideenkutty Haji 70 Shri. K. Moideenkutty Haji 22-10-1970 22-10-1970 KLA Shri A.C. Chacko 64 declared elected. Fourth Shri T.S. John 73 Shri T.S. John 17-02-1976 KLA Shri John Manjooran 34 declared elected. Shri Chakkeeri Ahamed Kutty Fifth 104 Shri Chakkeeri Ahamed Kutty 26-03-1977 28-03-1977 Shri A. Neelalohithadasan KLA 26 declared elected. Nadar Sixth 15-02-1980 15-02-1980 Shri A.P. Kurian - Unanimously elected. KLA Sixth 03-02-1982 Shri A.C. Jose - Unanimously elected. KLA Seventh Shri Vakkom Purushothaman 74 Shri Vakkom Purushothaman 24-06-1982 24-06-1982 KLA Shri R.S. Unni 61 declared elected. Seventh Shri V.M. Sudheeran 72 Shri V.M. Sudheeran 08-03-1985 KLA Shri K.V. Surendranath 65 declared elected. Eighth Shri Varkala Radhakrishnan 75 Shri Varkala Radhakrishnan 28-03-1987 30-03-1987 KLA Shri P.P. Thankachan 55 declared elected. Ninth Shri P.P. Thankachan 88 Shri P.P. Thankachan 29-06-1991 01-07-1991 KLA Shri V.J. Thankappan 45 declared elected. Ninth Shri Therambil Ramakrishnan 78 Shri Therambil Ramakrishnan 27-06-1995 KLA Shri T.K. Hamza 39 declared elected. Tenth Shri M. Vijayakumar 77 Shri M. Vijayakumar 29-05-1996 30-05-1996 KLA Shri George J. Mathew 58 declared elected. Eleventh Shri Vakkom Purushothaman 95 Shri Vakkom Purushothaman 05-06-2001 06-06-2001 KLA Shri T.K. Balan 39 declared elected. Eleventh Shri Therambil Ramakrishnan 94 Shri Therambil Ramakrishnan 16-09-2004 KLA Shri A.K. Balan 39 declared elected. Twelfth Shri K. Radhakrishnan 93 Shri K. Radhakrishnan 24-05-2006 25-05-2006 KLA Shri M. Murali 40 declared elected. Thirteenth Shri G. Karthikeyan 73 Shri G. Karthikeyan 01-06-2011 02-06-2011 KLA Shri A.K. Balan 68 declared elected. Thirteenth Shri N. Sakthan 74 Shri N. Sakthan 12-03-2015 KLA Smt. P. Aisha Potty 66 declared elected. Fourteenth Shri P. Sreeramakrishnan 92 Shri P. Sreeramakrishnan 02-06-2016 03-06-2016 KLA Shri V.P. Sajeendran 46 declared elected.

97 KERALA LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY DETAILS OF DEPUTY SPEAKER ELECTIONS SINCE 1957

Date of First Date of Vote KLA Contested Candidates Result meeting Election secured

First 27-04-1957 06-05-1957 Smt. K.O. Aysha Bai — Unanimously elected. KLA

Second 12-03-1960 15-03-1960 Smt. A. Nafeesath Beevi — Unanimously elected. KLA

Third 15-03-1967 20-03-1967 Shri M.P.M. Jaffer Khan — Unanimously elected. KLA

Fourth Shri R.S. Unni 70 Shri R.S. Unni 22-10-1970 30-10-1970 KLA Shri V.K. Gopinathan 64 declared elected.

Fifth Shri P.K. Gopalakrishnan 103 Shri P.K. Gopalakrishnan 26-03-1977 06-07-1977 KLA Shri P.K. Ittoop 25 declared elected.

Sixth Shri M.J. Zakaria 91 Shri M.J. Zakaria 15-02-1980 21-02-1980 KLA Shri C.M. Sundaram 45 declared elected.

Seventh Shri K.M. Hamza Kunju 73 Shri. K.M. Hamza Kunju 24-06-1982 30-06-1982 KLA Shri N. Sakthan 62 declared elected.

Seventh Shri Korambayil Ahamed Haji 73 Shri Korambayil Ahamed Haji 20-10-1986 KLA Smt. Bhargavi Thankappan 58 declared elected.

Eighth 28-03-1987 02-04-1987 Smt. Bhargavi Thankappan — Unanimously elected. KLA

Ninth 29-06-1991 19-07-1991 Shri K. Narayana Kurup — Unanimously elected. KLA

Tenth 29-05-1996 17-07-1996 Shri C.A. Kurian — Unanimously elected. KLA

Eleventh 05-06-2001 04-07-2001 Shri N. Sundaran Nadar — Unanimously elected. KLA

Twelfth Shri Jose Baby 94 Shri Jose Baby 24-05-2006 20-06-2006 KLA Shri U.C. Raman 41 declared elected.

Thirteenth Shri N. Sakthan 73 Shri N. Sakthan 01-06-2011 28-06-2011 KLA Smt. E. S. Bijimol 67 declared elected.

Thirteenth Shri Palode Ravi 74 Shri Palode Ravi 02-12-2015 KLA Shri E. Chandrasekharan 65 declared elected.

Fourteenth Shri V. Sasi 90 Shri V. Sasi 02-06-2016 29-06-2016 KLA Shri I. C. Balakrishnan 45 declared elected.

98 In all humility

Speakers’ speech after being elected

{io. BÀ. i¦c\mcmbW³ X¼n (G{]n 27, 1957)

Cu k`bpsS t\Xmhpw {]Xn]£ s\¸än F\n¡dnªpIqSm. F¶m ]mÀ«nbpsS t\Xmhpw aäp ]mÀ«nIfpsS Hcp Imcyw am{Xw Rm³ {]XnÚ t\Xm¡·mcpw Fs¶ kv]o¡dmbn sN¿mw. \njv]£X ]men¡pI F¶pÅ sXcsªSp¯Xnepw, aäpw Fs¶ A\p Imcy¯n FÃmbvt¸mgpw Fsâ Ign tamZn¨psImïpw Biwkn¨psImïpw hnsâ ]camh[n D]tbmKn¡phm³ KpWtZmj§fpw \nÀt±i§fpw \ÂIn Rm³ {ian¡p¶XmWv. A¡mcy¯n s¡mïpw sNbvXn«pÅ {]kvXmh\ FÃm I£n¡mcn \n¶pw F\n¡v FÃm IÄ¡v Rm³ _lpam\s¸« FÃm kab¯pw thïnSt¯mfw klmb sa¼ÀamtcmSpw FÃm I£nItfmSpw klIcW§Ä e`n¡p¶XmsW¶v \µn ]dªp sImffp¶p. kv]o¡À ]Zhn Dd¸p \ÂInbXn F\n¡pÅ \µn Ft¸mgpw Imcy£aambn \nÀÆln¡m {]ISn¸n¡phm³ Rm³ Cu Ahkcw \pÅ Ignhv F\n¡ptïm F¶pÅXn hn\ntbmKn¨psImÅp¶p.

101 {io. sI.Fw. koXn kmln_v (amˬv 12, 1960)

{io. XmWp]nÅ AhÀIsf, _lpam\y ]cnKW\tbm, ]mÀ«n Nn´tbm F¶n cmb kmamPnI·mtc, Cu \nbak` DïmhpIbnsöv Dd¸p \ÂIphm³ bpsS kv]o¡dmbn \n§Ä kZbw Rm³ Bin¡p¶p. \½psS \nba sFIIWvtT\ Fs¶ sXcsªSp¡p k`bv¡v tIcf¯nse Kuchtadnb Ibpw lrZb]qÀÆambn F\n¡v A`nhm ]e {]iv\§sf¸änbpw ]cymtemNn Zy§Ä \ÂIpIbpw sNbvXXn Rm³ t¡ïXpïv. NpaXetbdnb CuhI \n§tfmSv AXoh IrXÚ\mWv. IrXy§Ä ssIImcyw sN¿phm³ Fsâ BtcmKy\ne hfsc Xr]vXn FÃm hn`mK¯nÂs¸« BfpIfpw Icasænepw Cu D¯chmZnXztadnb BßmÀ°ambn {ians¨¦n am{Xta NpaXe hln¡phm³ \n§Ä Fs¶ AXpsImïv {]tbmP\hpw cmPy¯n\v `mcta¸n¨ Cu kµÀ`¯n AXv t{ibÊpw DïmIpIbpÅp. GsX¦nepw thït]mse \nÀÆln¡phm³ F¶m Imcy¯n iàna¯mb A`n{]mb IgnhpÅXv Rm³ sN¿p¶XmsW¶v hyXymk§Ä Dïmbn F¶phcmw. Dd¸p ]dªpsImÅp¶p. \n§Ä lrZb F¦nepw \mSnsâ \·bmWv ]ca ]qÀÆw Fs¶ kw_Ôn¨v {]Imin¸n¨ e£yw F¶pÅ t_m[t¯mSpw {]hÀ A`n{]mb§fpw {]Xo£Ifpw AÀ° ¯\£aXsb \ne\nÀ¯m³ Bhiy h¯m¡n¯oÀ¡m\pw \oXoIcn¡m\pw amb klnjvWpXtbmSpwIqSn _lpam F\n¡p Ignbp¶]£w Rm³ IrXmÀ \s¸« FÃm sa¼d·mcpw ChnsS °\mIp¶XmWv. \S¡p¶ NÀ¨Ifn ]¦psImÅWsa¶v Cu \nbak`bn kv]o¡À F¶ \ne F\n¡v {]tXyIw At]£bpïv. bn Gähpw \njv]£XtbmSpw IÀ¯ hyàn]camb Btcm]W§sf Ignbp hyt_m[t¯mSpw IqSn Fsâ IrXy ¶Xpw Hgn¨p\ndp¯ns¡mïpw {]Xn §Ä \nÀÆln¡phm³ Rm³ Ft¸mgpw ]£ _lpam\t¯mSpIqSnbpw {ian¡p¶XmWv. B Imcy¯n ]mÀ«n Bbncn¡Ww hmZ{]XnhmZ§fnepw

102 NÀ¨Ifnepw ]s¦Spt¡ïsX¶ Imcyw ]camb Hcp ZrjvSm´w C´ybnse aäp \n§sf Rm³ {]tXyIw HmÀ½s¸ \nbak`IÄ¡v \ÂIphm\pw \ap¡v Spt¯ïbmhiyanÃ. tIcf¯nsâbpw IgnhpïmIWsa¶pw \½psS NpaXe tIcfobcpsSbpw A´Ên\pw Kuch IÄ `wKnbmwh®w \nÀÆln¡phm³ ¯n\pw IÀ¯hyt_m[¯n\pw DNnX kÀÆià\mb ssZh¯nsâ A\p{K amb \nebn FÃm hn`mK¡mcpw lhpw klmbhpw \ap¡v DïmIs« Ft¶mSv klIcn¡psa¶v Rm³ F¶pw {]mÀ°n¨psImïpw \n§fpsS {]Xo£n¡pIbpw AXn\mbn At]£n FÃmhcptSbpw \nÀtem`hpw lrZb ¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. \½psS IÀ¯hy ]qÀÆhpamb klmbklIcW§Ä §Ä `wKnbmbn \nÀÆln¨psImïp A¡mcy¯n DïmIWsa¶v At]£n t]mIm\pw A¡mcy¯n amXrIm ¨psImïpw Rm³ Ahkm\n¸n¡p¶p.

103 {io. kn.F¨v. apl½Zv tImb (Pq¬ 9, 1961)

_lp: kmamPnI·mtc, {]KÛ\pw \nÀtem`amb klIcW hmKvZm\w {]m]vX\pambncp¶ P\m_v koXn Fsâ `mcs¯ eLqIcn¡p¶Xnsâ kmln_nsâ AImehpw A{]Xo£nXhp e£Wambn Rm³ IW¡m¡pIbmWv. amb \ncymWs¯ XpSÀ¶v Hgnhp h¶ Cu _lp: k`bpsS A´Êp]men kv]o¡À Øm\t¯¡v hn\oX\mb ¡m\pw kv]o¡À F¶ \nebn Fs¶ sXcsªSp¯Xn \n§tfmSv \njvIrjvSamb \njv]£X ]men¡m\pw F\n¡pÅ lrZbwKaamb IrXÚX Rm³ Fsâ Ignhnsâ ]camh[n Rm³ tcJs¸Sp¯ns¡mÅp¶p. Fs¶ ]cn{ian¡p¶XmsW¶v \n§tfmSv kw_Ôn¨v Cu k`bn _lp: Dd¸p \ÂIp¶Xn Ihnªv H¶pw apJya{´nbpw aäp kvt\lnX·mcpw Ct¸mÄ F\n¡v sN¿m\nÃ. Cu kvt\l]qÀÆw ]dª hm¡pIÄ¡v Øm\¯ncp¶psImïv \njvIrjvS Rm³ AXoh IrXÚ\mWv. AhÀ ambpw {]m]vXambpw Imcy§Ä I¿m Fs¶ kw_Ôn¨v sNbvX ]cmaÀi fm³ kÀÆià\mb ssZhw A\p{K §Ä¡v Rm³ AÀl\mIs« F¶p ln¡s« F¶ Fsâ {]mÀ°\bn {]mÀ°n¡pI am{Xta Cu Ahkc \n§fpw ]¦ptNcWsa¶v A`yÀ°n¨p- ¯n sN¿p¶pÅp. Rm³ Gäncn¡p¶ sImïpw \n§Ä¡v Hcn¡ÂIqSn IrX- Øm\¯nsâ D¯chmZnXzw icn¡pw ÚX {]ISn¸n¨psImïpw Rm³ Rm³ a\Ênem¡p¶pïv. Cu k`bpsS Fsâ hm¡pIÄ Ahkm\n¸n¡p FÃm `mK¯p\n¶pw {]ISn¸n¨ IbmWv.

104 {io. AeIvkmïÀ ]d¼n¯d (Unkw_À 13, 1961)

_lpam\s¸« k`mt\Xmth, kÀÆ{io ¡pIbpw B DÂIrjvSamb ]mc¼cy _lpam\s¸« Ipªncma³ \¼ymÀ, §Ä¡v A\ptbmPyamb \nebn apl½ZvtImb, tPmk^v Nmgn¡mSv, Fsâ IÀ¯hy§Ä \nÀÆln¡m³ t__n tPm¬ AhÀIsf, _lpam\ Rm³ kÀÆYm BßmÀ°ambn ]cn{i s¸« \nbak`mwK§tf, an¡psa¶v Dd¸p \ÂIpIbpw sNbvXp sImÅp¶p. Hcp P\m[n]Xy cmPy¯v C¶v Cu \nbak`bpsS A²y£\mbn ]mÀesaâdn `cWw hnPbIcambn sFIIWvtT\ Fs¶ sXcsªSp \S¯p¶Xn\v `cWI£nsbt¸mse ¯Xn F\n¡pÅ lrZbwKaamb Xs¶ D¯chmZnXzw {]Xn]£¯n\p IrXÚX Rm³ BZyambn {]Imin¸n apsï¶v Rm³ [cn¡p¶p. D¯chm ¨psImÅs«. P\m[n]Xy¯nsâbpw ZnXzapÅ B {]Xn]£w BtcmKy]c kzmX{´y¯nsâbpw iànZpÀ¤amb amb hnaÀi\§Äs¡mïv `cW Cu ]cam[nImc k`bpsS A²y£ I£nsb bYmÀ°¯n klmbn¡pI s\¶ \nebn F¶n \n£n]vXambn bmWv sN¿p¶sX¶pw A§s\bpÅ «pÅ D¯chmZnXz§sfbpw NpaXeI {]Xn]£¯nsâ {]hÀ¯\§sf BZ sfbpw kw_Ôn¨v Rm³ kvacWbp cthmSpIqSn ho£nt¡ïXmsW¶pw Åh\mWv. sIm¨nbnsebpw XncphnXmw Rm³ IcpXp¶p. IqÀ sIm¨nbnsebpw tIcf¯nsebpw \nbak`Ifn ZoÀLImew HcwKambn Fs¶ kw_Ôn¨v ChnsS {]kvXmhn¨ tkh\w sNbvXn«pÅ Rm³ Cu k` awKfIc§fmb Bib§Äs¡Ãm IfnseÃmw Cu Øm\ae¦cn¨n«pÅ ¯n\pw Rm³ \µn ]dbp¶p. ZoÀL almcY·mcmb hyànIÄ krjvSn¨n Imeambn Hcp \nbak`m kmamPnI «pÅ DÂIrjvSamb ]mc¼cy§sf¸än s\¶ \nebn cmjv{SobcwK¯p {]hÀ icnbmb t_m[t¯mSpIqSn A\pkvacn ¯n¨phcp¶ HcmfmWv Rm³. B {]hÀ

105 ¯\wsImïv C¶pw Rm³ kwXr]vX sNbvXn«pÅXp kzoIcn¡pIbpw, F¶n \mbn«mWncn¡p¶Xv. DbÀ¶ Øm\t¯ Fs´¦nepw sXäpIÄ ImWpIbm bv¡v Ibdp¶nsöpÅ ]cmXn Rm³ sW¦n AXmXv kab¯v Nqïn¡m A[nIw D¶bn¨n«nsömWv tXm¶p Wn¨m Ah Xncp¯p¶Xn\v Rm³ ¶Xv. Fs¶ GIIWvTambn Cu k`m H«pwXs¶ A{i² ImWn¡pIbnsöv ²y£\mbn sXcsªSp¡m³ \n§Ä Dd¸v \ÂIpIbpw sN¿p¶p. Fsâ ImWn¨ kua\ky¯n\v Rm³ lrZbw {]hÀ¯\w hnPbIcam¡p¶Xn\v Kaambn \n§tfmtcmcp¯À¡pw \µn hoïpw \n§fpsS klIcWw A`yÀ ]dbpIbpw F¶n \n£n]vXambn«pÅ °n¡pIbpw PKZoizcs\ {]mÀ°n¡p D¯chmZnXz§Ä \nÀÆln¡p¶Xn\v Ibpw sNbvXpsImïv Rm³ hoïpw ]cn]qÀ®amb klIcWw hmKvZm\w \n§Ä¡v \µn ]dªpsImÅp¶p.

106 {io. Un. ZmtamZc³ t]män (amÀ¨v 15, 1967)

_lpam\s¸« \nbak`mwK§tf, Cu \S¶n«ptïm F¶v AdnªpIqSm. Cu k`bpsS FÃm`mK¯v \n¶papÅ GI Imcy¯n k`mt\XmhmsW¦nÂ, IWvTamb ]n´pWtbmSpIqSn Rm³ At±lw Cu kv]o¡À sXcsªSp¸p Cu al\ob Øm\t¯bv¡v sXcsª Imcy¯nÂ, At±ls¯ Rm³ kµÀ Sp¡s¸«ncn¡pIbmWv. Fs¶ kw_ in¨ Ahkc¯n FÃm ]mÀ«nbnepw Ôn¨pw, Fsâ Ignhns\ kw_Ôn¨p s]« t\Xm¡fpambn BtemNn¨v sFI saÃmw Cu k`bpsS FÃm `mK¯p IWvtT\ Cu Imcyw \nÀÆln¡psa \n¶papÅ kplr¯p¡Ä, FÃm ]mÀ«n ¶pÅ A`n{]mbKXn {]ISn¸n¨ kwKXn bnepws]« kplr¯p¡Ä, ChnsS Rmt\mÀ¡pIbmWv. am{XaÃ, At±lw kwkmcn¨Xn F\n¡v At§bäw kv]o¡dpsS \ma\nÀt±iw FgpXnb kt´mjapïv. AhcpsSsbÃmw kl t¸mįs¶ tIm¬{Kkv ]mÀ«n IcWw hmKvZm\w sNbvXXn {]tXy t\Xmhpw AXpt]mse tIcfm tIm¬ In¨v F\n¡v IrXÚXbpïv. Cu {Kkv ]mÀ«nbpsS t\Xmhpw Øe k`mt\Xmhmbn Hcmsf sXcsªSp¡ ¯ptïm F¶t\zjn¡m³ sSent^m s¸Sp¶Xn kzoIcnt¡ï hg¡§sf Wn hnfn¨p tNmZn¡pIbpïmbn ¡pdn¨v tIm¬{Kkv ]mÀ«nbpsS t\Xmhv F¶mWv Fsâ HmÀ½. GXmbmepw {io. IcpWmIc³ A`n{]mbw {]ISn¸n¡p B \nebnepÅ BßmÀ°amb Hcp Ibpïmbn. GXmbmepw GIIWvTambn kao]\w, k`mt\Xmhn \n¶pïmbn k`m²y£s\ sXcsªSpt¡ïXm «psï¶v F\n¡v a\Ênem¡m³ Ign sW¶pÅ Gähpw \à Hcp A`n{]mb ªn«pïv. Cu kµÀ`¯n C{X al KXn C¶v Cu k`bn DbÀ¶p \obamb Cu ]Zhnbntebv¡v k`bpsS h¶n«pÅXn F\n¡v hfsc kt´mj FÃm `mK¯v \n¶papÅ GIIWvT apïv. Cu k`bpsS IgnªIme Ncn{X amb ]n´pWtbmSpIqSn hfsc kvt\l §fn A§s\sbmcp I¬kÄt«j³ ]qÀÆw Fs¶ sXcsªSp¯b¨ncn¡p

107 IbmWv. Cu Øm\¯nsâ Hu¶Xy ]n. sI. Ipªv Hcp a{´nbmbn Cu k` s¯¸änbpw amlmßys¯¸änbpw AXp bnencn¡pIbmWv. {io. IcpWmIc\pw ssIImcyw sNt¿ï D¯chmZnXzs¯ {io. sI. Fw. tPmÀÖpw ]d¼n¯d ¸änbpw Rm³ At§bäw t_m[hm amÌdpw {io. ]n. cho{µ\pw þ Rm³ \mWv. hfsc \njv]£amb \nebn Hmtcmcp¯cpsSbpw t]scSp¯v ]dbp FÃm `mK¯nepws]« kplr¯p¡ ¶Xp sImïv Nnesc hn«pt]mbn F¶v sfbpw Xr]vXcm¡¯¡ \nebn CXv hnNmcn¡cpXv þ A§s\ hfscb[nIw ssIImcyw sN¿Wsa¶mWv Fsâ \nbak`m ]cnNbhpw {]hÀ¯\ B{Klw. AXn\pÅ klIcWw FÃm ]mc¼cyhpapÅ kplr¯p¡Ä A¡m `mK¯p\n¶pw F\n¡pïmIpsa¦n e¯v, Rm³ D]m²y£\mbncp¶t¸mÄ Rm³ `mKyhm\mWv. hfsc {]ikvX Fs¶ klmbn¡m\pïmbncp¶p. Ah cmb ]e k`m²y£·mcpw hmWncp¶n scÃmw C¶pw Cu k`bnepsï¶pÅXv «pÅ Hcp ItkcbmWnXv. _lpam\ hfsc NmcnXmÀ°yP\IamWv. {ioaXn s¸« ]e kv]o¡ÀamcpsSbpw t]cpIÄ Kucn {]ikvXamb \nebn Cu Nne kplr¯p¡Ä ChnsS FSp¯p k`maÞew Ae¦cn¨ncp¶ Hcp ]dªp. Nnescms¡ Ct¸mgpw Cu k` tZlamWv. BcpsSsb¦nepw t]cv hn«p bnepsï¶pÅXv F\n¡v Bibv¡p t]mbn«psï¦n £an¡Ww. IqSmsX hI\ÂIp¶p. {io. kn.F¨v. apl½Zv ]pXpapJ§fmb kplr¯p¡fpw Cu tImb, {io. AeIvkmïÀ ]d¼n¯dþ \nbak`bn h¶ncn¡pIbmWv. Chscms¡ Cu Øm\w Ae¦cn¨ncp¶h Ignª cïc hÀj¡met¯mfw, \nba cmWv. \nbak`m ]mc¼cyapÅ hfsc k`bnÃmXncp¶ Hcp Ime¯n\ptijw b[nIw kplr¯p¡Ä `cWI£n Ct¸mÄ BsI¡qSn amdnb Hcp Ime bnepw {]Xn]£¯pambn C¶nhnsS L«¯ntebv¡v \mw IS¶ncn¡pIbmWv. h¶ncn¸pïv. Cu k` 1954þ IqSnb \½psS cmPy¯v, P\m[n]XyamsW¦n t¸mÄ Cu k`bpsS D]m²y£\mbn tIcf¯n am{Xaà þ C³Uybnsem Fs¶ sXcsªSp¯ B Imew «msI, Hcp ]co£WL«¯neqsS IS¶p Rmt\mÀ¡pIbmWv. F\ns¡Xncmbn t]mIp¶ Cu kµÀ`¯n \½psS \nba A¶v aÕcn¨ {io. Sn. sI. ZnhmIc³ k`bv¡v hfsctbsd Imcy§Ä sN¿m C¶v Cu k`bn hÀIvkv an\nÌdmbn \pïv. Cu \nbak`bntebv¡v \s½ cn¡pIbmWv. AXpt]mse A¶v {]Xn sXcsªSp¯b¨ P\§Ä \½n ]£ t\Xmhmbncp¶ {io. Sn. hn. tXmakv \n¶v hfsc Imcy§Ä {]Xo£n¡p¶p C¶v C³Ukv{Sokv an\nÌdmbncn¡pI sï¶v Rm³ hnizkn¡pIbmWv. ChnsS bmWv. A¶v {ioam³ ]n. sI. Ipªp \n¶v D¨cn¡s¸Sp¶ Hmtcm i_vZhpw kmln_v \nbak`bn a{´nbmbn \nbak`bv¡v t\XrXzw sImSp¡p¶ cp¶p. C¶pw _lpam\y\mb {io. `cWI£nbpsS sNbvXnIfpw FÃmw

108 BImw£tbmSpIqSn tIÄ¡m\pw {]Xo£n¡mw. AtXmsSm¸wXs¶ Cu ImWm\pw Im¯ncn¡p¶ Hcp P\ \nbak`bn Imcy§Ä `wKnbmbn«pw k©bw Cu cmPy¯psï¶pÅ \njv]£ambn«pw ssIImcyw sN¿p¶ t_m[w Cu k`bv¡psï¶pÅXv XoÀ¨ Xn\v thï klIcWw hfsctbsd bmWv. B \nebv¡v hfsc D¯chmZnXz `cWI£nbn \n¶pw {]Xn]£¯n t¯mSpIqSn apt¶m«pt]mtIï Hcp \n¶pw Ct¸mÄ Xs¶ Dïmbn¡gn kmlNcyamWv C¶pÅXv. IgnªIme ªncn¡pIbmWv. thï klIcW t¯¡mÄ FÃmw hfsctbsd D¯chm §Ä C\nbpw Cu \nbak`m sk{I ZnXzt_m[t¯mSpIqSn Cu \nbak` t«dnbän \n¶pw AXp t]mse k`m\S bpsS {]hÀ¯\w apt¶m«v sImïp ]SnIÄ s]mXpP\§sf Adnbn¡p¶ t]mtIïXmbn«pïv. `mKyhim Cu hfsc KuchXcamb D¯chmZnXzapÅ NpaXebnteÀs¸«ncn¡p¶ \½psS \nbak`bv¡v ]gb XncphnXmwIqÀ \nb ]{X{]hÀ¯Icmb kplr¯p¡fn ak`bmbncp¶t¸mgpw XncpþsIm¨n \nb \n¶pw k`m\S]SnbpsS Imcy¯nepw ak`bmbncp¶t¸mgpw tIcfm \nbak` k`bpsS A´Êv ]peÀ¯p¶ Imcy Bbt¸mgpsaÃmw {]ikvXamb ]mc ¯nepw DïmIpsa¶v Rm³ {]Xo£n ¼cyw ]mÀesaâdn sUtam{Iknbn ¡p¶p. AXn\pthïn Rm³ FÃm t\SnsbSp¡m³ Ignªn«pïv. ]ïv hn`mKw kvt\lnX·mtcmSpw A`yÀ°n cmPm[nImc Ime¯v {ioaqew {]Pmk ¡pIbmWv. F\n¡v \nÀtem`ambn `bmbncp¶ Imew apX P\m[n]Xy hmKvZm\w sNbvX klIcW¯n\pw ¯nsâ hg¡w krjvSn¨n«pÅ ]mc¼cyw AXpt]mseXs¶ F¶neÀ¸n¨ kvt\ Cu \nbak`bv¡pïv. B ]mc¼cyhpw lhnizmk§Ä¡pw Cu k`bnse P\m[n]Xyhpw B P\m[n]Xyw DÄ FÃm AwK§tfmSpw ChnSps¯ {]Xn s¡mÅp¶ FÃm Imcy§fpw Cu ]£t\Xmhnt\mSpw `cWI£nt\Xm cmPy¯v cqVaqeambn Dd¸n¡p¶Xn\v hnt\mSpw Fsâ AIagnª IrXÚ Cu \nbak`bn h¶ncn¡p¶ FÃm Xbpw \µnbpw tcJs¸Sp¯pIbmWv. kplr¯p¡fpw FÃm bXv\§fpw Cu k`bpsS {]hÀ¯\¯nÂIqSn cmPy sN¿psa¶v Rm³ hnizkn¡pIbmWv. ¯n\v t\XrXzw sImSp¡p¶ `cW CXntebv¡v Fsâ FÃm klIcWhpw I£n¡v \m«n\v \· sN¿phm³ Ign Dïmbncn¡psa¶v XoÀ¨bmbpw AhÀ¡v bs« F¶v Rm³ {]mÀ°n¡pIbmWv.

109 {io. sI. sambvXo³Ip«n lmPn (HIvtSm-_À 22, 1970)

_lpam\s¸« k`mt\Xmhv AhÀIsf, cm³ Fsâ Ign-hnsâ ]camh[n _lpam\s¸« {]Xn]£ t\Xmhv AhÀ {]bXv\n¡psa¶v Cu kµÀ`¯n Isf, Cu k`bnse _lpam\s¸« ]mÀ«n Dd¸p]dbm³ Rm\m{Kln¡pIbmWv. t\Xm¡·msc, _lpam\s¸« \nba P\m[n]Xy hyhØnXnbn \nbak`m k`m kmamPnI·msc, Xe¯n\pff {]m[m\yhpw \nbak`m kmamPnI·mÀ¡pff D¯chmZnXzhpw k`bpsS FÃm `mK¯p\n¶pw {]ISn ISaIfpw icn¡pw _lpam\s¸« FÃm ¸n¨ A`n\µ\§Ä¡pw Fsâ `mhp-I- sa¼d·mcpw {]tXyIw {i²n¡psa¶v §Ä¡p-th-ïn-bpÅ {]mÀ°-\-IÄ¡pw Rm\min¡pIbmWv. I£n ]cnKW Rm³ BZyambn \µn tcJs¸Sp¯ns¡m \tbm I£n at\m`mhtam Cu k` ffs«. P\m[n]Xy¯nsâ FÃm ]Snbpw bnse AwK§fpsS AhImi§Ä kwc IS¶mWv Rm³ ChnsS F¯nbn«p £n¡p¶ Imcy¯n Fs¶ XoïpI ffXv. hfsc kt´mjt¯mSpIqSn Cu t]mepansöv ssZh¯nsâ \ma¯n ]ctam¶X k`bpsS A²y£ Øm\- Rm³ Dd¸v ]d-bp-¶p. tIcf¯nse t¯bv¡v Fs¶ sXc-sª-Sp¯v ChnsS \nbak`bv¡v I\¯, `mcn¨ D¯c \S¯nb FÃm ]cm-aÀi\§fpw A\p` hmZnXzw \nÀÆln¡phm\pïv. B D¯ h¯n h¶ptNcs« F¶v Rm³ chmZnXzw \nÀÆln¡p¶ kµÀ`§fn BßmÀ°ambn {]mÀ°n¡p¶p. Fsâ Kh¬saâv `mK-¯p- \n¶pw {]Xn-]£ {]KÛcmb ap³KmanIÄ, Fsâ `mK-¯p-\n¶pw A`n-{]mb kwL«\§ cmjv{Sob Kpcphmb P\m_v koXn fpïmImw. ]t£ _lpam\s¸« kmln_pw AXn\p ap³]pw AXn\p sa¼d·mÀ B kµÀ`§fn icn¡pw tijhpw Cu ]ctam¶X k`bpsS Bß\nb{´Ww ]men¡psa¶v Rm³ A²y£]oTw Ae¦cn¨n«pff {]i Bin¡p¶p, {]tXyIn¨pw \½psS kvX·mÀ ImWn¨n«pff hgn ]n³XpS Cu k`bn hfscb[nIw sa¼d-·mÀ

110 ]pXnb BfpIfmWv. \nbak`m\S]Sn \S¶ ]cmaÀi§sfÃmw hmkvXh¯n IÄ hfsc Imcyambpw Pm{KXtbmSp Fsâ `mcn¨ D¯chmZnXzw eLqIcn IqSnbpw ho£n¡pIbpw ssIImcyw ¡p¶Xn\v CSbm¡nbn«pïv. AXn sN¿pIbpw sN¿Wsa¶v Rm³ s\Ãmw H¶pIqSn \µn tcJs¸Sp¯n AhtcmSv At]£n¡pIbmWv. `mcX s¡mïv Cu \nbak`bpsS A´Êv ¯nse FÃm \nbak`IÄ¡pw \½psS ]men¡p¶ Imcy¯n Hs¯mcpan¨v \nbak` Hcp amXrIbmbn¯ocm³ {]hÀ¯n¡Wsa¶pw kÀÆ-i-à-\mb \n§sfÃmw klIcn¡Wsa¶v H¶p ssZhw AXn\v Ignhv \ÂI-s«-sb¶v IqSn Rm³ At]£n¡p¶p. ChnsS {]mÀ°n-¨p-sImïpw Rm³ hnc-an¡p-¶p.

111 {io. Sn. Fkv. tPm¬ (s^-{_p-hcn 17, 1976)

_lpam\s¸« k`mt\Xmth, _lpam cWw BhiyamWv. Rm³ FÃm AwK \s¸« {]Xn]£t\Xmth, _lpam\ §fpsSbpw klIcWw hn\bambn s¸« \nbak`m kmamPnI·mtc, A`yÀ°n¡pIbmWv. Nnet¸mÄ Nne sXäpIsfÃmw kw`hn¨p F¶v hcmw. \n§Ä Fs¶ Cu \nbak`bpsS A²y ]t£ B sXäpIÄ GXv `mK¯p\n¶m £\mbn sXc-sª-Sp-¯-Xn Rm³ bmepw Xncp¯p¶Xn\pthïn t_m²y Hmtcmcp¯À¡pw BßmÀ°ambn \µn s¸Sp¯nbm AXv Xncp¯m³ X¿mdm tcJs¸Sp¯p¶p. Cu k`bpsS FÃm bncn¡psa¶v Rm³ Dd¸p XcnIbmWv. `mK¯p\n¶pw ChnsS {]ISn¸n¨n«pff Cu k`bpsS A´Êpw Bßm`nam\hpw `mhp-I-§Ä¡pw BiwkIÄ¡pw kl IcW hmKvZm\§Ä¡pw Rm³ IrX- Cu k`bnse AwK§fpsS FÃmhn[ ÚX tcJs¸Sp¯s«. Cubhkc AhImi§fpw kwc£n¡psa¶v Rm³ ¯n D¶X·mcmb, {]KÛ·mcmbn Hcn¡Â IqSn Dd¸v \ÂIp¶p. \n§Ä cp¶ Fsâ ap³KmanIsf Rm³ A\p ChnsS {]ISn¸n¨ kIe awKf§Ä¡pw kvacn¡p¶p. AhÀ sh«ns¯fn¨ ]mX `mhpI§Ä¡pw Hcn¡Â IqSn IrX- bn¡qSn apt¶m«pt]mIm³ Rm³ ÚX t\À¶psImïpw, Fsâ Cu B{Kln¡p¶p. \njv]£hpw kzX{´ Øm\w \njv]£ambn XpSÀ¶psImïp hpambn Cu ]Zhn apt¶m«v sImïp t]mIp¶Xn\v PKZoizc³ Fs¶ klm t]mIWsa¶v Rm³ B{Kln¡p¶p. bn¡s« F¶v {]mÀ°n¨psImïpw Hcn Cu ]Zhn hnPbIcambn apt¶m«v \bn ¡Â IqSn FÃmt]À¡pw \µn tcJs¸Sp ¡Wsa¦n FÃm t]cpsSbpw klI ¯ns¡mïv Rm³ Ahkm\n¸n¡p¶p.

112 {io. Nm¡ocn Al½Zv Ip«n (amÀ¨v 28, 1977)

_lpam\ycmb kmamPnI·mtc, XoÀ¯pw ]dbm\m{Kln¡pIbmWv. B Imcy¯n ]mÀ«n ]cnKW\IÄt¡m Cu \nbak`bpsS kv]o¡dmbn \n§Ä ]mÀ«n _Ô-§Ät¡m AXoX\mbn kZbw Fs¶ sXcsªSp¡pIbpw A`n \n¶psImïpXs¶ Rm³ {]hÀ¯n¡p- hmZy§Ä AÀ¸n-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXXn\v sa¶v \n§Ä¡v Dd¸v \ÂIphm³ Rm³ BZyambn IrXÚX tcJs¸Sp B{Kln¡p¶p. ¯pIbmWv. hfsc alm·mcpw {]KÛ ·mcpamb BfpIÄ hln¨ D¶Xamb hfsc hnkvXcn¨v ]dtbï Ahkcan Hcp Øm\-¯mWv Rm³ F¯nt¨À¶n«p sænepw C¶v \s½ kw_Ôn-¨n-S- ffXv F¶pff t_m[w Fs¶ IÀ½\nc t¯mfw hfsc D¯chmZnXzapff Hcp X\mIm³ klmbn¡s« F¶v Rm³ kµÀ`amWv CXv F¶pffXv {]Xn] {]mÀ°n¡p¶p. kv]o¡À F¶pff \ne £hpw `cW]£hpw FÃmw HmÀ¡Ww. bn Cu k`bn \njv]£ambpw F\n¡v hfsc hn\oXambn ]dbphm\p \nkzmÀ°ambpw kXykÔambpw ffXv {]Xn]£sat¶m, `cW]£- bmsXmcp ]£t`Zhpw IqSmsX Xs¶ sat¶m Dff hyXymkw IqSmsX Cu Rm³ {]hÀ¯n¡pw F¶v ]ckyambn \m«nsâ ]ptcmKXn¡pthïn Cu ¯s¶ \n§tfmSv ZrVkzc¯n {]Jym- \mSn\pthïn {]hÀ¯n¡phm³ \mw ]n-¡p-I-bm-Wv. IÀ½[occmbn apt¶m«v hcWsa¶pff {]Xn]£sat¶m `cW]£sat¶m XmWv. _lpam\s¸« sa¼d·mcpsS Dff hyXymkw Fs¶ kw_Ôn¨v {]kwK¯n hyàn]camtbm Btcm DïmIpIbnÃ. hfsc ipjvIn¨ {]Xn ]W]camtbm Dff kwkmc§Ä Ign ]£sat¶m h¼n¨ `cW]£sat¶m bp¶Xpw Hgnhm¡p¶Xv \¶mbncn¡pw H¶pw Xs¶ kv]o¡sd kw_Ôn¨pÅ F¶pIqSn Rm³ hfsc kvt\l]pckcw Imcy§fn DïmIpIbnsöv Rm³ \n§tfhtcmSpw A`yÀ°n¡pIbmWv.

113 Fs¶ kw_Ôn¨nSt¯mfw ]e þ `cW]£¯p\n¶pw {]Xn]£¯p ]cmaÀi§fpw ChnsS ]dªp. Rm³ \n¶pw þ {]tXyIn¨v k`m t\Xmhn _lpam\s¸« sa¼Àamsc Fsâ \n¶pw {]Xn]£ t\Xmhn \n¶pw þ kplr-¯p-¡Ä F¶v kwt_m[\ \nÀtem`hpw lrZb]qÀÆhpamb klmb sN¿pIbmsW¦n AXv sXämIpIbn klIcW§Ä DïmIWsa¶v Rm³ söv Rm³ hnizkn¡pIbmWv. hn\oXambn A`yÀ°n¡pIbmWv. \½psS NpaXeIÄ `wKnbmwh®w \nÀÆ Cu k`bnse 139 AwK§fpw ln¡phm³ kÀÆià\mb ssZh¯nsâ Fsâ Bßkplr¯p¡fmWv. B A\p{Klhpw klmbhpw Dïmhs« ho£Wt¯mSpIqSn¯s¶ Imcy§Ä F¶v {]mÀ°n¨psImïv Rm³ Fsâ \nÀÆln¡phm³ FÃm ]£¯p\n¶pw hm¡pIÄ D]kwlcn¡p¶p.

114 {io. F. ]n. Ipcy³ (s^{_p-hcn 15, 1980)

_lpam\s¸« k`mt\Xmth, {]Xn]£ ]cn{iahpw Cu k`bpsS A²y£³ t\Xmth, I£nt\Xm¡tf, aäv \nba F¶ \nebn Fsâ `mK¯p\n¶p­ k`mwK§tf, ïmIpsa¶pIqSn Rm³ A\pkvacn¡p IbmWv. hfsc `mcn¨ Hcp D¯chm tIcf \nbak`bpsS kv]o¡dmbn ZnXzamWv F¶n AÀ¸nXambn«pÅXv sXcsªSp¡s¸«Xn Fs¶ A\p F¶ XnIª t_m[w F\n¡p­ïv. tamZn¨psIm­ïv _lpam\s¸« k`m AXp \ndthäp¶Xn\v Fsâ ]camh[n t\Xmhpw {]Xn]£t\Xmhpw aäv ]cn{iaw Rm³ \S¯pw. F¦n¯ I£n t\Xm¡fpw \S¯nb ]cmaÀi s¶bpw FÃm _lpam\s¸« \nba §Ä¡v Rm³ BZyambn \µn {]Imin k`mwK§fpsSbpw IehdbnÃm¯ ¸n¡pIbmWv. GIIWvTambn Fs¶ ]n´pWsIm­ïv am{Xta Rm³ B{K sXcsªSp¡p¶Xn Cu k`bpsS ln¡p¶ Xc¯n Cu IrXyw \nÀÆ FÃm `mK¯p\n¶pw ImWn¨, F¶n ln¡phm³ Ignbq Fs¶\n¡v t_m[y AÀ¸n¨ hnizmk¯n\pw Rm³ apï­v. AXn\v FÃm I£nt\Xm¡fp {]tXyIw \µn {]Imin¸n¨psImÅs«. sSbpw FÃm AwK§fpsSbpw klmbw ChnsS k`mt\Xmhpw {]Xn]£ {]tXyIn¨pw Cu kµÀ`¯n Rm³ t\Xmhpw aäv I£n t\Xm¡fpw A`yÀ°n¡pIbmWv. \½psS kwØm {]Xn]mZn¨Xpt]mse F¶n AÀ¸nX \s¯ hnhn[ P\hn`mK§sf _m[n ambncn¡p¶ NpaXe Rm³ \njv]£ ¡p¶ {]iv\§Ä hfsc iànbmbn ambn ]peÀ¯ns¡mïpt]mIpsa¶v D¶bn¡p¶Xn\pw \nba\nÀ½mW Cu kµÀ`¯n FÃm AwK§Ä¡pw \S]SnIfnsems¡ Bhiym\pkcWw Rm³ Dd¸v \ÂIpIbmWv. Bhp¶{X kabw e`yam¡p¶Xn\pw \nbak`m FÃm AwK§fpsSbpw AhImiw \S]Sn¨«§fpsS ]cnanXnIÄ¡I¯v kwc£n¡m³ km[yamb FÃm \n¶psImï­v AwK§fpsS Xmev]cyw

115 F{Xam{Xw kwc£n¡mtam A{Xbpw henb ]mc¼cyw ]peÀ¯nbn«pÅ kwc£n¡p¶Xn\v thïnbpw­ ]cam hcmWv. FÃmhcpw IqSnt¨À¶v Cu h[n ]cn{ian¡psa¶Imcyw IqSn Rm³ \nbak`m \S]Sn{Ia§Ä hnPbIc Cu Ahkc¯n HmÀ½n¸n¡pIbpw am¡p¶Xn\v Fs¶ klmbn¡psas¶ sN¿p¶p. C¯cpW¯n F\n¡v \n¡pd¸pï­v. k`bpsS FÃm `mK¯v BizmkapÅ Hcp kwKXn IqSn ]dªp \n¶papÅ klIcWw Rm³ Hcn¡Â sImÅs«. C¶nhnsS sXcsªSp¡ ¡qSn A`yÀ°n¡pIbmWv. k`m\S]Sn s¸«v h¶n«pÅ \nbak`mwK§fn IÄ dnt¸mÀ«v sN¿p¶ Imcy¯n ]{X hfscb[nIwt]cpw IgnªIme¯v {]hÀ¯Icmb kplr¯p¡fpsS IqSn \nbak`mwK§fmbncp¶v ]cnNbw klIcWw {]tXy-In¨v A`yÀ°n-¨p k¼mZn¨n«pÅhcmWv. tijn¡p¶ sIm­ïpw \n§Ä ChnsS \ÂInb kl- _lpam\s¸« AwK§fpw X§fpsS I-c-W-¯n\v \µn {]Imin¸n¨psIm­ïpw {]ikvXamb s]mXpPohnX¯n¡qSn Rm³ Ahkm\n¸n¡p¶p.

116 {io. F. kn. tPmkv (s^{_phcn 3, 1982)

_lpam\s¸« k`mt\Xmth, _lpam am\ycmb AwK§fpsS \nÀtem`amb \s¸« {]Xn]£t\Xmth, _lpam\y klIcW¯neqsS, `bIuSneytem` cmb \nbak`m kmamPnItc, _lpam\ §Ä¡v hiwhZ\mImsX, Fsâ IÀ¯ s¸« ]{X{]Xn\n[nItf, hy]qÀ¯oIcW¯n\v BßmÀ°ambn Rm³ ]cn{ian¡psa¶v _lpam\s¸« Cu k`bpsS ]ctam¶X]Zhnbmb kv]o Cu k`bv¡v Rm³ Dd¸p\ÂIp¶p. ¡À Øm\t¯bv¡v Fs¶ sFI hninjvS§fmb ]mc¼cy§fpsS ]ch IWvtT\ sXcsªSp¯Xn\v Rm³ Xm\n hncn¨v IS¶pt]mbn«pff Fsâ lrZbwKaamb \µn tcJs¸Sp¯p¶p. ]qÀÆnIÀ ImWn¨pX¶ ]mXbneqsS sXcsªSp¸n\v tijw _lpam\s¸« k`mt\Xmhpw _lpam\s¸« {]Xn am{Xta Rm\pw Ncn¡q F¶v k`bv¡v ]£t\Xmhpw aäv _lpam\s¸« t\Xm Rm\pd¸v \ÂIp¶p. Ct¸mÄ ChnsS ¡fpw Fs¶¸än ]dª \à hm¡p Fs¶¸än ]dª Imcy§Ä¡v ChnsS IÄ¡pw A\p{Kl hNÊpIÄ¡pw \n¶nd§nt¸mIpt¼mgpw AÀl\mIp A`n\µ\§Ä¡pw Rm³ AssIX sa¦n Cu ]Zhn¡v Rm\Àl\mbn hamb \µn tcJs¸Sp¯p¶p. Cu F¶v Fs¶ kw_Ôn¨nSt¯mfw _lpam\s¸« k`bpsS {]hÀ¯\ kwXr]vXnbpïmhpw. Cu k`bn §fnte¡v tIcfobcmIam\w Däp kv]o¡sd¶ \nebn \njv]£X t\m¡p¶Xpw Cu k`bpsS {]hÀ¯\ tbmSpw IÀ¯hyt_m[t¯mSpw IqSn ¯nse Gähpw \nÀ®mbIhpamb Fsâ IrXy§Ä \nÀÆln¡m³ Rm³ Hcp kµÀ`¯nemWv Cu k`bpsS ]cn{ian¡p¶XmWv. B IÀ¯hy\nÀÆ A²y£]Zhnbnte¡v \n§sfs¶ lW¯n ]mÀ«n ]cnKW\tbm ]mÀ«n \ntbmKn¨n«pÅXv. B I\s¸« D¯c Nn´tbm F¶nepïmhpIbnsöv Dd¸v hmZnXzw Fs¶ `bs¸Sp¯p¶pïv. \ÂIm\pw Rm\min¡p¶p. \½psS F¦n¡qSn Cu k`bnse _lp \mSns\ ImXembn _m[n¡p¶ hnhn[

117 §fmb ]e {]iv\§fpw BtemN\m Hmtcm AwKt¯mSpw hyàn]cambn hnjbamtIï Hcp thZnbmWv Cu k`. Rm³ BßmÀ°ambn A`yÀ°n¡p¶p. DZm¯amb NpaXeIÄ \ndthäm³ F¶n \n£n]vXambncn¡p¶ {iaI Cu k`bnse apgph³ AwK§sfbpw chpw `mcn¨Xpamb D¯chmZnXz§Ä Rm³ £Wn¡p¶p. {]iv\§fn AXn hnPbIcambn \ndthäm³ Ignbpw, cq£hpw iàna¯pamb A`n{]mb \n§fpsS FÃmhcpsSbpw klmbkl hyXymk§Ä Dïmbn F¶p ht¶¡mw. IcW§fpsï¦nÂ, F¶v Rm³ hniz- F¦nepw \mSnsâbpw \m«mcpsSbpw kn¡p¶p. ChnsS hfsc ]cnNbk¼¶ \·bmWv ]cae£yw. B e£yt_m[ amb \nbak`m Ìm^v Dïv. \nbak`m t¯mSpw {]hÀ¯\£aX \ne\nÀ¯m sk{I«dnsb kw_Ôn¨v ]dªm \mhiyamb klnjvWpXtbmSpw IqSn At±lhpw Rm\pambn«pff _Ôw _lpam\s¸« FÃm sa¼d·mcpw KpcphntâXpw injytâXpamWv. B ChnsS \S¡p¶ NÀ¨Ifn ]¦p sImffWsa¶v F\n¡v {]tXyIamb _Ô¯nsâbpw ]cnNbk¼¶cmb At]£bpïv. tIcf¯nsâbpw tIcfo Ìm^nsâbpw klmbt¯mSpIqSn bcpsSbpw A´ÊpbÀ¯pamdv D¶X Fsâ IÀ¯hy§Ä IqSpX ]qÀ® amb P\m[n]Xy am\ZWvU§Ä¡ ambn \ndthäm³ Ignbpsa¶ {]Xo£ \pkrXambn Cu k`bpsS \S]SnIÄ tbmSpIqSn, Hcn¡ÂIqSn \n§tfmtcm sImïpt]mIm³ _lpam\s¸« FÃm cp¯À¡pw \µn ]dªpsImïv Rm³ AwK§fpw Fs¶ klmbn¡Wsa¶v Npcp¡p¶p. \n§Ä¡v Hcn¡Â IqSn \µn.

118 {io. h¡w ]pcptjm¯a³ (Pq¬ 24, 1982)

_lpam\s¸« k`mt\Xmth, _lpam P\m[n]Xy¯nsâ {]hÀ¯\w kzmX´y \s¸« {]Xn]£t\Xmth, _lpam\y {]m]vXn¡ptijw tIcf¯n F¶pw cmb k`mwK§tf, ssNX\y]qÀ®ambncp¶p. {]_p²amb s]mXpP\m`n{]mbhpw PmKcqIamb Fs¶ kv]o¡dmbn sXcsªSp¯Xn hr¯m´]{X{]hÀ¯\hpw ChnsS Rm\mZyambn \µn {]Imin¸n¨psIm \ne\n¶pt]mcp¶p. ChnSps¯ ]mÀ«n Ås«. AtXmsSm¸w, _lpam\s¸« IfpsS _mlpeyhpw Ahbpïm¡p¶ k`mt\Xmhn \n¶pw _lpam\s¸« Iq«psI«pIfpw tIcf¯n\v ]pd¯pÅ {]Xn]£t\Xmhn \n¶pw hnhn[ cmjv{SaoamwkIÀ¡v ]et¸mgpw a\Ên I£nIfpsS t\Xm¡·mcnÂ\n¶pap em¡m³ {]bmkapÅ Hcp {]Xn`mkam ïmb A\ptamZ\§Ä¡pw Biwk- bn«pïv. AtXkabw \nbak`bv¡p IÄ¡pw klIcW hmKvZm\§Ä¡pw Ån \mw an¡hmdpw ZznI£n k{¼Zm \à hm¡pIÄ¡psaÃmw Rm³ \µn b¯n {]hÀ¯\w \S¯p¶p. AXp ]dbp¶p. Cu al\obamb k` sImïpXs¶bmWv {]hÀ¯\£a AXnsâ Gähpw D¶Xamb Øm\ amb `cWkwhn[m\sa¶ \nebn ¯mWv Fs¶ Ahtcm[n¨ncn¡p¶Xv. hnizk\obX t\Sm³ \½psS Iq«p Cu Øm\w Kuchtadnb Nne sI«pIÄ¡v Ignªn«pÅXv. ]mÀe D¯chmZnXz§Ä F¶n AÀ¸n¨ncn saâdn `cWk{¼Zmb¯n Gähpw ¡p¶p F¶ t_m[w F\n¡pïv. apJyambn«pÅ IÀ¯hy§fmWv `cW DÂIrjvSamb P\m[n]Xy ]mc¼cya LS\m{]Imcw \nbak`IÄ¡v G¸n hImis¸Smhp¶ \½psS Cu k`bn ¨psImSp¯n«pÅXv. \sÃmcp `cW¯n Fsâ ap³KmanIÄ krjvSn¨n«pÅ \pthïn {]hÀ¯n¡pI F¶ NpaXe D¯a amXrIIÄ F\n¡v amÀ¤ \nbak`mkmamPnIcmb \ap¡pÅ ZÀiI§fmIpsa¶ Bizmkhpapïv. XmWv. \nbak`bpsS Imcy\nÀÆlW

119 ¯nsâ kpKahpw \nÀhnLv\hpamb \amb D]mb§fmhnjvIcn¨v amÀKZÀ KXn¡\pIqeambn s]cpamdm\pÅ inXzw hln¨Xnsâ t]cnepÅ sshin- \nc´camb bXv\w \½psS ISabmbn jvSyhpw tIcf \nbak`bv¡pïv. ¯oÀ¶ncn¡p¶p. \b§fpw ]cn]mSn 1980þ BhnjvIcn¨ k_vPIvSv I½n Ifpw þ F¶pthï, \nba\nÀ½mWw änIÄ Xs¶ CXns\mcpZmlcWamWv. t]mepw Nnet¸mÄ cq£amb A`n{]mb _lpam\s¸« AwK§Ä¡v k`bp kwL«\§Ä¡v hgnsXfnt¨¡m sa¶pw hyXykvX§fmb XmÂ]cy sSbpw AXnsâ I½nänIfpsSbpw \S] §fpw kn²m´§fpw X½n Dckep SnIfn {]tbmP\Icamb ]¦mfn¯w Ifpw kwL«\§fpapïmhpI kzm`mhn hln¡m³ ]camh[n Ahkc§Ä IamsW¶pw Rm\wKoIcn¡p¶p. k`bpsS N«§Ä¡\pkcWambn \ cmjv{Sob bp²§Ä A[nIhpw \S¡p Ip¶Xn\v k`m²y£s\¶ \nebn ¶Xv k`mXesa¶ cWm¦W¯nem Rm³ Ft¸mgpw ]cn{ian¡p¶XmWv. sW¶v ]dbmdpÅXv AXpsImïpX- AwK§fn Hmtcmcp¯cpsSbpw Ah s¶bmWv. ]t£ Cu Imcy§sfm¶pw, Imi§Ä¡v ]camh[n ]cnc£ \ Cu al\obamb k`bnte¡v \s½ Im³ FÃm ]cn{ia§fpw \S¯psa¶pw sXcsªSp¯b¨ P\§tfmSv \ap Rm³ Dd¸p\ÂIp¶p. ¡pÅ ]mh\amb IÀ¯hy§Ä¡v Cu D¶Xamb ]ZhnbpsS NpaXeIÄ Hcn¡epw lm\nIcamIm³ ]mSnÃ. hln¡p¶Xn F\n¡v I£nt`Zsat\y Gähpw apJyambn e£yam¡m\pÅXv _lpam\ycmb AwK§fpsS ]n³XpW P\§fpsS t£aw Xs¶bmWv. \½psS bpïmIpsa¶v Rm³ {]Xo£n¡p¶p. NÀ¨IÄ¡v hgnIm«nIfmtIïXv Ah- {Iam\pkrXambpw ^e{]Zambpw AN cpsS XmÂ]cy§fpw. ©eamb \njv]£XtbmSpIqSnbpw \S \nbak`bnse AwKXzw P\tkh\¯n\v ]SnIsf \bn¡m³ {]XnÚm_²\mb In«p¶ HchkcamWv F¶ hkvXpX F\n¡v \oXnbpàamb Xocpam\§sf- Rm³ \n§sf {]tXyIw A\pkvacn¸n Sp¡p¶ Imcy¯n k`m\S]Sn¨«§ t¡ïXnÃ. \nbak`bpsS \S]SnIfpw sfbpw AwKoIrX Iogvhg¡§sfbpw Imcy\nÀÆlWhpw kw_Ôn¨ N« apdpsI ]nSnt¡ïnhcpw. {]iv\§Ä §Ä, k`bpsS s\Sp\mfs¯ ]mc¼- F{Xta t£m`P\I§fmbmepw k`m cy¯neqsS Ønc{]XnjvT t\Snbn«pÅ \S]Sn¨«§Ä¡pw AwKoIrX Iogvhg Iogvhg¡§Ä F¶nh AwK§Ä¡v ¡§Ä¡pw A\pkrXambn Xs¶ ta¸dª e£y{]m]vXn¡v ^e{] k`m\S]SnIfn ]¦psImÅpw F¶ Zamb kw`mh\ \ÂIm³ At\Iw amÀ¤ hnthI]qÀÆamb ZrV\nÝbw Hcn §Ä Xpd¶n«ncn¡p¶p. Cu cwK¯v \qX ¡epw ssIhnSmsX Hmtcm AwKhpw k`

120 bn s]cpamdnbm am{Xsa k`bpsS Wsa¶v Rm\`yÀ°n¡pIbmWv. BZc A´Êv ]peÀ¯m\pw k`m\S]SnIÄ Wobamb Cu Øm\¯n\v tNÀ¶ kpKaam¡m\pw Ignbq F¶ hkvXpX hn[w \ne sImÅm³ F¶memhpw hn[w Rm³ ChnsS A\pkvacn¸n¨psImÅs«. Rm³ ]cn{ian¡pIbmWv. Cu Imcyw _lpam\s¸« AwK§fpw FÃm hn`mK¯nsâbpw klIcWw AhÀ¡v amÀ¤\nÀt±iw \ÂIp¶ I£n Hcn¡ÂIqSn Rm\`yÀ°n¡p¶p. Hcn¡Â t\XrXz§fpw Kuch]qÀÆw ]cnKWn¡ IqSn FÃmhÀ¡pw Rm³ \µn ]dbp¶p.

121 {io. hn. Fw. kp[oc³ (amÀ¨v 8, 1985)

_lpam\s¸« k`mt\Xmth, _lpam §Ä ]qÀ®ambpw kwc£n¨psImïpw \s¸« {]Xn]£t\Xmth, _lpam\y Rm³ GsäSp¯ NpaXe Xr]vXnIc cmb I£nt\Xm¡tf, _lpam\ycmb ambn \ndthäm³ {ian¡psa¶v \n§Ä¡v k`mwK§tf, Dd¸v \ÂIp¶p.

Fs¶ kv]o¡dmbn sXcsªSp¯Xn F\n¡v Nnc]cnNnXamb {]hÀ¯\ Rm³ \n§tfmtSmtcmcp¯tcmSpw BZy cwK¯p\n¶pw hyXykvXamb Hcp ambn \µn {]Imin¸n¨psImÅs«. _lp {]hÀ¯\ taJebnte¡mWv Rm³ am\s¸« k`mt\XmhnÂ\n¶pw {]Xn] Imeq¶p¶Xv. XnI¨pw AhnNmcnX £t\Xmhn \n¶pw hnhn[ I£nI ambpw A{]Xo£nXambpw F¶n fpsS t\Xm¡·mcnÂ\n¶papïmb AÀ¸nXamb Cu D¯chmZnXzw A\ptamZ\§Ä¡pw BiwkIÄ¡pw `wKnbmbn \nÀÆln¡m³ k`bnse klIcW hmKvZm\§Ä¡pw Fs¶¡p _lpam\ycmb FÃm AwK§fpsSbpw dn¨v ]dª \Ãhm¡pIÄ¡psaÃmw IehdbnÃm¯ klIcWhpw klm Rm³ \µn ]dbp¶p. bhpw Rm³ {]Xo£n¡p¶p.

P\m[n]Xy¯nsâ {iotImhnemb Cu DÂIrjvShpw DZm¯hpamb P\m[n]Xy al\ob k`bpsS AXyp¶X ]Zhnbn ]mc¼cyahImis¸Smhp¶ \½psS te¡mWv \n§Ä Fs¶ sXcsªSp \nbak` C³Uybnse ]e kwØm\ ¯ncn¡p¶Xv Ft¶mÀ¡pt¼mÄ Rm³ \nbak`IÄ¡pw amÀ¤ZÀi\hpw t\Xr GsäSp¯n«pÅ D¯chmZnXz¯nsâ Xzhpw \ÂInbn«pÅ hkvXpX Rm\n Kuchw ]qÀ®ambn DÄs¡mÅp¶p. hnsS kvacn¡p¶p. Cu al\ob k`bpsS A´Êpw ]mÀesaâdn `cWk{¼Zmb¯n AXn A`nam\hpw DbÀ¯n¸nSn¨psImïpw {][m\amb ]¦mWv \½psS \nbak` _lpam\s¸« AwK§fpsS AhImi IÄ¡v `cWLS\ hn`mh\w sN¿p¶Xv.

122 P\t£aIcamb kÂ`cW¯n\pthïn ¸nSn¡m³ _m[yXbpÅhÀ. \s½ sXc- {]hÀ¯n¡phm³ P\{]Xn\n[nIfmb sª-Sp¯ Bbncw I®pIÄ AIse \mw NpaXes¸«hcmWv. hyXykvX- bmsW¦nepw \½psS {]hÀ¯\w ho£n §fmb cmjv{SobmZÀi-§Ä h¨p]peÀ ¡p¶p F¶ tXm¶temsS Cu al\ob ¯p¶hcmWv Cu k`bnepÅsX¦nepw k`bpsS A´Êv DbÀ¯n¸nSn¡m³ \½psSsbÃmw BXy´nIe£yw P\ \ap¡v Häs¡«mbn ]cn{ian¡mw. \·bmsW¶Imcyw Hcn¡epw hnkvacn ¡m³ IgnbnÃ. hyXykvX cmjv{Sob ]mÀesaâdn P\m[n]Xy `cWkwhn {]Xybimkv{X§sf ]n´pScp¶ \nba [m\w hn`mh\w sN¿p¶coXnbn k`m kmamPnI·mÀ¡v Hmtcm cmjv{Sob \½psS \nbak`IfpsS {]hÀ¯\w I£ntbmSpw IS¸mSpsï¦nepw, BXy ^e{]Zambn \S¡p¶nà F¶ ´nIamb IS¸mSv P\§tfmSmsW¶ Bt£]w C¶v ]cs¡ ]dªptIÄ Imcyw \mw ad¶pIqSm. ¡p¶p. Kh¬saâv _nkn\ÊpIÄ¡v e`n¡p¶Xv t]msebpÅ ap³KW\bpw cq£amb A`n{]mbkwL«\-§Ä Cu {]m[m\yhpw \nba\nÀ½mW \S]Sn k`mXes¯ ]et¸mgpw {]£p_v[am IÄ¡v e`n¡p¶nsöXv Hcp hkvXpX ¡mdpsï¦nepw, Nnet¸msgms¡ _lpam bmWv. CXv \½psS \nba\nÀ½mW \s¸« AwK§Ä¡v \nb{´Ww hn«p {]hÀ¯\§sf kmcambn _m[n¨n t]mImdpsï¦nepw, Cu k`bn AwK «pïv. `cWLS\m]cambn Kh¬saâv §fmb \msaÃmw \½psS I\¯ D¯c _nkn\ÊpIÄ¡v \ÂIp¶ AtX hmZnXzs¯¡pdn¨v Nn´n¡pt¼mÄ {]m[m\yw \nba\nÀ½mW \S]Sn A¯cw \S]SnIÄ BhÀ¯n¡mXncn IÄ¡pw \ÂIWsa¶ A`n{]mbamWv t¡ïXnsâ BhiyIX t_m[yamIpw. F\n¡pÅXv. \nba\nÀ½mW \S]Sn \nbak`bnse AwKXzw P\tkh\ IÄ¡v {]m[m\yw \ÂIphm\pw AtXm ¯n\v \ap¡v e`n¨n«pÅ Gähpw henb sSm¸w _lpam\s¸« AwK§fpsS Hcp Ahkcambn IW¡m¡n k`bpsS AhImi§Ä kwc£n¡m\pw Ahk \S]SnIfpw Imcy\nÀÆlWhpw kw_ c§Ä hÀ²n¸n¡m\pw Bhiyamb Ôn¨ N«§-fpw, k`bn Ønc{]XnjvT \S]SnIÄ kzoIcn¡psa¶v Rm³ t\Snbn«pÅ Iogvhg¡§fpw ]n³Xp \n§Ä¡v Dd¸p\ÂIp¶p. SÀ¶psImïv k`m\S]SnIÄ Imcy£a kv]o¡À F¶ \nebnepÅ Fsâ {]hÀ am¡n tIcf¯nse P\PohnXw Iptd ¯\§Ä¡v \nbak`m sk{It«dn ¡qSn sa¨s¸Sp¯msa¶v \ap¡v Hcpan¨v bänse Ìm^w-K-§-fp-sSbpw _lpam\y {]XnÚ sN¿mw. cmb ]{X{]hÀ¯IcpsSbpw klIc k`bnse AwK§fmb \½fmWv Cu Whpw klmbhpw Rm³ A`yÀ°n k`bpsS A´Êpw A`nam\hpw DbÀ¯n ¡p¶p.

123 \njv]£hpw \oXn]qÀÆhpamb {]hÀ sh«ns¯fn¨ ]mXIfpw Rm³ ]n´pSÀ ¯\¯neqsS I£n]cnKW\IÄ¡ ¶psImïv apt¶m«v t]mIpt¼mÄ XoXambn k`m\S]SnIÄ \nb{´n \n§fpsSsbÃmw klIcWhpw klm ¡m³ Rm³ {ian¡psa¶v C¯cpW bhpamWv Rm³ {][m\ambpw {]Xo£n ¯n ]dbs«. k`m\S]Sn{Ia§fpw N«§fpw, AXpt]mse Xs¶ k`bnse ¡p¶sX¶v Hcn¡ÂIqSn ]dªpsImïv Iogvhg¡§fpw Fsâ ap³KmanIÄ \n§Äs¡Ãmw \µn tcJs¸Sp¯p¶p.

124 {io. hÀ¡e cm[m-Ir-jvW³ (amÀ¨v 30, 1987)

_lp-am-\-y-\mb k`mt\Xmth, _lp- \nebn Fsâ FÃm Ign-hp-Ifpw hn\n- am-\-y-\mb {]Xn-]£t\Xm-th, _lp- tbm-Kn-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv. AXp-t]mse Xs¶ am-\-s¸« I£nt\Xm-¡-tf, _lp-am- BtcmSpw ]Itbm hntZ-z-jtam CÃmsX \-s¸« k`mw-K-§-tf, \nÀ`-b-ambpw \njv]-£-ambpw \S-]- Sn-IÄ apt¶m«v sImïp-t]m-Im-\mWv Hcp k½n{i hnIm-c-t¯m-Sp-Iq-Sn-bmWv Rm³ B{Kln¡p-¶-Xv. Rm³ ChnsS \n¡p-¶-Xv. F¶n kaÀ¸n-¨n-«p-ff D¯-c-hm-Zn-Xzw h¼n-¨- asämcp Imcyw F\n¡v ]d-bm-\p-f-fXv Xm-sW¶v F\n-¡-dn-bmw. AtXm-sSm¸w ]{X-{]-h-À¯I-tcm-Sm-Wv. \½psS k`m- Xs¶ F\n-¡p-ff ]e ]cn-an-Xn-Isf \-S-]-Sn-IÄ, NÀ¨ Ch Kuc-h-]qÀ®hpw kw_-Ôn¨pw F\n¡v t_m[-y-ap-ïv. Cu AÀ°-h-¯p-am-¡p-¶-Xn\v \n§-fp-sSbpw ]Ým-¯-e-¯n Cu k`-bpsS A²-y- klI-cWw Bh-i-y-am-Wv. {]kn-²o-Ic- £-s\-¶p-ff \ne-bn Fsâ `mcn¨ W-s¯-¡p-dn¨v F\n¡v a\-Ên-em-Ipw. Npa-X-e-IÄ \nÀÆ-ln-¡m³ Rm³ ]c-am- ]t£ \Ã-h®w ]Tn¨v NÀ¨sN¿p¶ h[n {ian-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv. kv]o¡-sd-¶p-ff Bfp-IÄ¡v IqSn P\-§Ä¡n-S-bn \ne-bn F\n-¡pÅ Nne {]tXyI AwKo-Im-c-ap-ïm-¡m³ {]Ênsâ kl ssKUvsse³kv Rm³ BZyta ]dbm³ -I-c-Whpw Bh-i-y-am-Wv. hmÀ¯m B{Kln¡pIbmWv. H¶maXmbn Cu -{]m-[m-\yw am{X-am-I-cpXv \½psS e£-yw. k`bpsS A´Êpw Hu¶Xyhpw \ne\nÀ ¯m³ \nba]cambn BhiyapÅ AXp-t]mse Xs¶ k`-bn h¶n-«p-ff FÃm Imcy§fpw sN¿psa¶v Rm³ \hm-K-X-cmb _lp-am-\-s¸« AwK-§- \n§Ä¡v Dd¸v ]dbp¶p. cïmaXmbn tfmSv F\n¡v ]d-bm-\p-f-fXv hfsc ka- Cu k`mwK§Ä¡pÅ \nba]camb b-sa-Sp¯v \S-]-Sn-{I-a-§Ä ]Tn¨v {]iv\- FÃm AhImi§fpw ]qÀ®amb §Ä ]qÀ®-ambn a\-Ên-em¡n Ah-X-cn- Afhn kwc£n¡m³ kv]o¡sd¶ ¸n-¡m³ \n§-fp-sSbpw klmbw Bh-i-y-

125 am-sW-¶m-Wv. F\n¡v Gähpw kt´mjw \S-¯-W-sa-¶p-ff \b-amWv F\n¡v tXm¶p-¶Xv hfsc ià-amb Hcp {]Xn-] ]d-bm-\p-ff asämcp Imcyw. AtXm-sSm¸w -£hpw ]cn-Nbk¼-¶-cmb {]Xn-]£ Hcp Imcyw IqSn Rm³ ]d-bm³ B{K- t\Xm-¡-fp-a-S-§p¶ Hcp k`-bmWv CsX- ln-¡p-¶p. ZoÀL-Im-e-ambn Cw¥o-jn ¶p-f-f-Xm-Wv. AXp-t]mseXs¶ ]cn-N- kwkm-cn¨v ioen¨pt]mb-Xp-sImïv b-k-¼-¶cpw hfsc {]mK-Ûyw t\Sn-b- kv]o¡-sd-¶p-ff \ne-bn ]e-t¸mgpw h-cp-amb `c-W]-£hpw Dïv. \n§-fp- Cw¥ojv kwkm-cn-¨p-t]mIpw. AXv sS-sbÃmw kl-I-c-W-apsï¦n Fsâ £an-¡-Ww. ]t£ \bw asäm-¶m-Wv. Ign-hn-s\m¯v Npa-X-e-IÄ \nÀÆ-ln- Ignª ImÂ\qäm-ïp-Im-e-ambn Cw¥ojv ¡p-hm³ Ign-bp-sa-¶p-ff BßmÀ°- `mj \nc-´-c-ambn ssIIm-cyw sN¿p-¶- amb {]Xo-£-bmWv F\n-¡p-f-f-Xv. Xp-sImïv Cu k`-bn Ccn-¡p-t¼mgpw XoÀ¨-bmbpw Fsâ hnPbw ]qÀ®-ambpw Adntªm Adn-bm-sXtbm [mcmfw \n§-fpsS kl-I-c-W-¯n am{Xw Cw¥o-jn kwkm-cn¨p t]mIpw. _lp- A[n-jvTn-X-am-Wv. kwLÀjm-ß-I-amb am-\-s¸« tem\-¸³ \¼m-S³ amÌ-dpsS cwK-§-fp-ïm-bm AXv eLq-I-cn- Adn-hn-te-¡mbn Rm³ Hcp Imcyw ]d-bp- ¡m³ kv]o¡-sd-¶p-ff \ne-bn I-bmWv. Hcp Imc-W-h-imepw ASn-Øm-\ F\n¡v am\-kn-I-ambpw imco-cn-I-hp- ]-c-amb \b-¯n amä-an-Ã. amXr-`m-j- am-bp-ff Ìman\ Dïm-I-s«-sb-¶mWv bn Xs¶ k`m\S-]-Sn-IÄ \S-¯-W- Fsâ B{K-lw. sa¶ ]qÀ® hni-zm-k-amWv F\n-¡p-f-f-Xv. Rm³ hfsc Xpd¶v Fsâ A`n-{]mbw ChnsS t\Xm-¡Ä {]I-Sn-¸n¨ FÃm A`n- ]d-bp-I-bm-Wv. Cu k`-bn FÃm \S-]- {]m-b-§Ä¡pw Fsâ lrZbw \ndª Sn-Ifpw ]cn-]qÀ®-ambpw ae-bm-f-¯n \µn {]I-Sn-¸n-¨p-sIm-f-fp-¶p.

126 {io. ]n. ]n. X¦-¨³ (Pq-embv 1, 1991)

_lpam\-y-cmb k`mw-K-§-tf, P\m-[n- Rm³ Cu Ah-k-c-¯n {]tX-yIw ]-X-y-¯nsâ {iotIm-hn-emb Cu thZn- HmÀ¡p-Ibpw Ah-cpsS hne-s¸« tkh- bn hn\-bm-\-zn-X-\m-bn-«mWv Rm\n- \-§sf IrX-Ú-X-tbm-Sp-IqSn kvacn- t¸mÄ \n¡p-¶-Xv. Cu kwØm-\s¯ ¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p. Ah-cn {io. hn. P\-§Ä Bcn hni-zm-k-aÀ¸n-¨pthm Fw. kp[o-c\pw {io. hÀ¡e cm[m- Ah-cpsS hni-zm-k-amWv Fs¶ ChnsS Ir-jvW\pw Fs¶ klm-bn-¡m-\mbn F¯n-¨n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. Hmtcm P\-{]-Xn-\n- Cu k`-bn¯s¶-bp-sï¶ Imcyw [nbpw Hmtcm kÀ¡mcpw sXc-sª-Sp¸v F\n¡v IqSp-X Bß-ss[-c-yhpw Ign-bp-t¼mÄ FÃm-h-cp-sSbpw {]Xn-\n- {]tNm-Z-\hpw \ÂIp¶pïv. Fsâ [nbpw FÃm-h-cp-sSbpw kÀ¡m-cp-ambn s]mXp-Po-hn-X-¯nse hfÀ¨-bn \nÀ ]cn-W-an-¡p-¶p-sh¶ kX-y-amWv P\m-[n- ®m-bI ]¦phln¨n-«p-ff _lp-am-\-y\pw ]-X-y-¯nsâ khn-ti-j-X. AXp-t]mse \nb-a-k`m {]hÀ¯\cwK¯v ]cn-N- Fs¶ Cu sXc-sª-Sp-¸n A\p-Iq-en- b-k¼¶\pw hf-sc-tbsd hÀj-§- ¨-hcpw {]Xn-Iq-en-¨-hcpw X½n thÀXn- fmbn tIcf cmjv{So-b-¯n am{X-a-Ã, cn-¡p¶ AXnÀh-c¼v sXc-sª-Sp¸v tZiob cmjv{So-b-¯n \ndªv \n Ignª kabw apX Aenªv CÃm- ¡p¶ k`m-t\-Xm-hp-amb {io. Icp-Wm-I-c- Xm-Ip-¶-XmWv Rm³ ImWp¶ Zri-yw. sâbpw FÃmbvt¸mgpw Ft¶mSv hmÂk- \nb-a-\nÀ½mW Imc-y-§-fnepw P\m-[n- e-y-]qÀÆw s]cp-am-dn-h-cp¶ _lp-am ]-X-y-¯nsâ hfÀ¨-bnepw C³U-ybv¡v -\-y-\mb {]Xn-]£ t\Xmhv {io. C. sI. F¶pw amXrI ImWn-¡p¶ hf-sc-tbsd \mb-\m-cp-sSbpw `c-W-cw-K¯pw s]mXp- khn-ti-j-X-I-fp-ff Cu k`-bpsS kv]o Po-hn-X-¯nepw {]KÂ`cpw ]cn-N-b-k- ¡-dmbn \n§-sfs¶ sXc-sª-Sp-¯- ¼-¶-cp-amb FÃm `c-W-I-£n, {]Xn- Xn F\n¡v \n§-sf-Ãm-h-tcmSpw \µn- ]£t\Xm-¡-·m-cp-sSbpw FÃm _lp-am- bp-ïv. {]KÂ`-cmb Fsâ ap³Km-an-Isf \-y-cmb k`mw-K-§-fp-sSbpw km¶n-²yw

127 F\n¡v IqSp-X at\m-ss[-c-yhpw Npa-X-e-bm-Wv. C¡m-c-y-¯n Cu k`, Bßhni-zm-khpw ]I-cp-¶p. k`m- \-S-]- kµÀ`-¯nsâ Kuchw IW-¡n-se-Sp¯v Sn-IÄ `wKn-bmbn \S-¯n-s¡m-ïp-t]m-Ip- {]hÀ¯n-¡psa¶v Rm³ Dd-¸mbn hni-z- ¶-Xn ]cn-N-b-k-¼-¶-cmb \nb-a-k`m kn-¡p-I-bm-Wv. k`-bp-sSbpw k`mw-K- Poh-\-¡m-cp-sSbpw klm-bhpw kl- §-fp-sSbpw am\-y-Xbpw A´Êpw Ah- I-c-Whpw Rm³ {]Xo-£n-¡p-I-bm-Wv. Im-i-§fpw DbÀ¯n-¸n-Sn¨pw FÃm-h- C¡mcy-¯n F¶pw kPo-h-ambn ]¦v scbpw hni-zm-k-¯n-se-Sp¯pw \njv] hln-¨n-«p-ff ]{XtemIs¯ kplr-¯p- £ambn Imc-y-§Ä apt¶m-«p-sIm-ïp- ¡fpw aäv hmÀ¯m-am-[-y-a-§fpw Ah- t]m-Im-\p-ff Fsâ Ffnb {ia-§Ä¡v cpsS klm-b-k-l-I-c-W-§Ä XpSÀ¶pw FÃm-`m-K-¯p-\n¶pw klmbkl-I-c- \ÂIp-sa¶pw F\n¡v Dd-¸pïv. W-§Ä Dïm-h-W-sa¶pw Fs´-¦nepw P\m-[n-]-X-yhpw atX-X-c-X-zhpw Im¯v Ipä-§fpw Ipd-hp-Ifpw Fsâ `mK-¯v kwc-£n-t¡-ïXv \½psS cmP-y-¯nsâ \n-¶p-ap-ïm-bm AXv Nqïn-¡m-Wn- \ne-\n¸n\pw sFI-y-¯n\pw ]ptcm-K- ¡p-hm\pw Xncp-¯n-¡m\pw \n§Ä {ian- Xn¡pw Bh-i-y-am-Wv. CXn-s\Xn-cmbn ¡-W-sa¶pw Rm³ A`-yÀ°n-¡p-¶p. DbÀ¶p-h-cp¶ `oj-Wn-IÄ Iïn-söv k`m-\-S-]-Sn-I-fpsS hnP-b-I-c-amb \S-¯n- \Sn-¡m³ \ap-¡m-hn-Ã. Iq«mb {]hÀ¯- ¸n-\p-ff Iq«mb {ia-¯n \ap-s¡-Ãm- \-¯n-eqsS CXn\v ]cn-lmcw ImtW- hÀ¡pw Hcp-an¨v ]¦m-fn-I-fm-Imw. FÃm- ïXv cmP-y-kvt\-ln-I-fmb \½psS hÀ¡pw Hcn-¡ÂIqSn \µn.

128 {io. tXd-¼n cma-Ir-jvW³ (Pq¬ 27, 1995)

_lp-am-\-y-cmb k`mw-K-§-tf, kap-¶- \n§-sfs¶ Ib-än-bn-«p-f-f-Xv. \n§Ä X-amb Cu k`-bpsS \mY-\mbn Fs¶ F¶n AÀ¸n¨ hni-zmkw AØm-\- sXc-sª-Sp-¯-Xn Rm³ At§-bäw ¯m-Im-Xn-cn-¡m³ BßmÀ°-amb {iaw \µn tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯pI-bm-Wv. {_n«ojv \S-¯p-sa¶v Rm³ Dd¸v \ÂIp-¶p. ]mÀe-saânsâ {]mcw-`-Im-e¯v tIma¬ ]e-t¸mgpw kv]o¡sd Hcp d^-dn-bm- sh¯v k`-bnse AwK-§Ä¡v bn-«mWv Nn{Xo-I-cn-¡m-dp-f-f-Xv. Ifn-¡- cmPm-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸Sm³ Ah-k-c-an- f-¯n Btcm-K-y-]-c-amb aÕcw \S- Ãm-s¯mcp kml-N-c-y-¯n cmPm-hp- ¯m\pw \njv]-£-ambn Imc-y-§Ä \S- ambn Bi-b-hn-\n-abw sN¿m-\p-ff Hcp ¯m\pw D¯-c-hm-Z-s¸« BfmWv d^dn am[-yaw F¶ \ne-bv¡mWv kv]o¡sd F¶ k¦Â¸-¯nsâ ASn-Øm-\w, D]-tbm-Kn-¨n-cp-¶-Xv. A§s\ km[m- ]t£ d^dn am{Xw Icp-Xn-bm t]mcm, c-W-¡m-cpsS Pnl-z-bm-bn, P\-§-fpsS Ifn-¡-f-¯n \nb-a-§Ä AwKoI-cn- hnIm-c-ambn, \nb-a-k-`-bpsS kz-c-ambn ¡m\pw, kulr-Z-amb at\m-`mhw XpS- cn-¡m³ Rm³ ]c-am-h[n {ian-¡p- cm\pw Ifn-bpsS \nb-a-§Ä A\p-k-cn- sa¶v Dd¸v \ÂIp-¶p. Hcp cmjv{Sob ¡m\pw AwK-§fpw X¿m-dm-I-W-sa-¶- ]mÀ«n-bpsS {]Xn-\n-[n-bmbn Cu \nb-a- XmWv Fsâ hn\o-X-amb A`n-{]mbw. k-`-bn h¶ Rm³, Rm\Ãm-Xm-hp- P\m-[n-]-Xy kwhn-[m-\-¯n FÃm Ibpw FÃm-h-cp-sSbpw sNb-dmbn, hep- Bfp-Ifpw Gä-hp-a-[nIw I®pw ImXpw Xmb Hcp Øm\w Ae-¦-cn-¡p-Ibpw IqÀ¸n¨v \n¡p-¶Xv ChnsS \S-¡p¶ sN¿p¶ Cu kµÀ`-¯n am\-y-amb Imc-y-§Ä tIÄ¡m-\m-Wv. Imc-Ww, B ]Z-hn-bpsS A´Êv \ne-\n-dp-¯p- P\m-[n-]-X-y-¯n P\-Iob {]iv\-§Ä sa¶v Rm³ \n§Ä¡v Dd¸v \ÂIp-¶p. Gähpw A[nIw NÀ¨ sN¿-s¸-Sp¶ {]KÂ`-a-Xn-I-fmb \nc-h[n Bfp-IÄ thZn CXm-Wv. P\-Iob XmÂ]-c-y-§Ä Ae-¦-cn¨ D¶-X-amb Hcp Øm\-¯mWv ]cn-c-£n-¡-s¸-Sp¶, {]Xn-^-en-¸n¡p¶

129 thZn CXm-Wv. A¡m-cWw sImïv- K-a-\-]-c-amb \nc-h[n \nb-a-§Ä¡v Xs¶ NqSpw Fcnhpw hminbpw hodp- thZnsbm-cp-¡nb k`-bm-WnXv. AÛpX sams¡ ImWp-sa-¶Xv icn-bm-Wv. ]t£ Icamb \nch[n Ncn{Xkw`h§Ä¡v ASn-Øm-\-]-c-ambn [mÀ½n-I-amb ASn- km£yw hln¨ thZnbmWnXv. B ¯-d-tbm-Sp-IqSn P\m-[n-]-X-y-¯nsâ ]mc-¼-cyw \ne-\n-dp-¯m³ \n§-sf-Ãm- {iotIm-hn-en A´Êv \ne-\nÀ¯m- t]cpw klm-bn-¡-W-sa-¶mWv Fsâ \p-ff _m²-yX \ap-s¡-Ãm-hÀ¡p-ap-ïv. A`-yÀ°-\. Gähpw Ipd¨v kwkm-cn- AXn ]mfn¨ ]än-bmÂ, AXn ¡p¶ BfmWv Gähpw \à kv]o¡À hogvN ]än-bm ]cm-P-b-s¸-Sp-¶Xv F¶mWv ]d-bm-dp-f-f-Xv. Fs¶s¡mïv `c-W-I-£ntbm {]Xn-]-£tam AÃ; Gähpw Ipd¨v kwkm-cn-¸n-¡m³ \n§- Cu cm-P-ys¯ P\m-[n-]-X-y-kw-hn-[m sf-Ãm-t]cpw klm-bn-¡-W-sa¶v F\n¡v -\-amWv F¶ t_m[w \ap¡v thW- A`-yÀ°\-bp-ïv. Iq«mb \½psS {]hÀ sa¶p am{Xta F\n¡v hn\o-X-ambn ¯\w sImïv `mcn¨ Cu Npa-Xe \nÀÆ- A`-yÀ°n-¡p-hm-\p-f-fq. ln-¡m³ \n§-fpsS ]n´p-W-bpw PK-Zo- i-z-csâ A\p-{K-lhpw sImïv CS-h- {]KÂ`-a-Xn-I-fmb \nc-h[n Bfp-IÄ cs« F¶p {]mÀ°n-¨p-sImïv Rm³ {]hÀ¯n¨ Hcp cwK-am-Wn-Xv. ]ptcm- Ahkm\n¸n-¡p-¶p.

130 {io. Fw. hnP-b-Ip-amÀ (tabv 30, 1996)

_lp-am-\-s¸« apJ-y-a-{´n, _lp-am-\- sIm-ïn-cn-¡p¶ Hcp Ime-L-«-amWv Cu s¸« k`mt\Xm-th, _lp-am-\-s¸« Ime-L-«w. kv]o¡À k`-bpsS \mY³ {]Xn-]£t\Xm-th, _lp-am-\-y-cmb AYhm "Speaker is the Master of the I£nt\Xm-¡-·m-tc, aäp \nb-a-k-`mw-K- House'' F¶mWv ]gb k¦-ev]w. AXn- §-tf, kplr-¯p-¡-tf, \p-]-Icw \n§-fn Hcp-h-\mbn "Speaker is the Servant of the House'' F¶-XmWv Cu \nb-a-k-`-bpsS A²-y-£-\mbn sXc- Fsâ ImgvN-¸m-Sv. AXp-t]mseXs¶- sª-Sp-¡-s¸« F\n¡v \n§Ä \ÂInb bmWv Cu k`bpw. \nb-a-k-`-sb-¡p-dn¨v A`n-\-µ-\-§Ä¡v lrZbw \ndª \µn ChnsS hy-X-y-kvX-§-fmb A`n-{]m-b Rm³ {]-Im-in-¸n-¡p-¶p. ChnsS A`n- -§Ä {]I-Sn-¸n-¡-s¸-«p. \nb-a-k` P\- h-µ-y-cmb t\Xm-¡fpw aäw-K-§fpw §-fpsS {]Xo-£-IÄ¡-\p-k-cn¨v Db- {]I-Sn-¸n¨ hnImcw Cu k`-bpsS c-Ww. GXv P\m-[n-]-Xy Øm]-\-¯n- lrZ-bhn-Im-c-ambn Rm³ DÄs¡m-f-fp- sâbpw \ne-\n¸v B Øm]\w kaq- I-bm-Wv. Hcp \qäm-ïn-te-sd-¡m-es¯ l-¯n\v F´v {]tbm-P\w \ÂIp-¶p, al-\ob ]mc-¼-cyw Ah-Im-i-s¸-Sm- F´v tkh\w \ÂIp-¶p-sh-¶Xv ASn- hp¶ \½psS \nb-a-k-`-bpsS A²-y- Øm-\-s¸-Sp-¯n-bm-Wv. B ISa Cu £-\mbn sXc-sª-Sp-¡-s¸-«Xv Fsâ k`bpw k`mw-K-§fpw \nÀÆ-ln-¨n-sÃ- Pohn-X-¯nse Hcp hgn-¯n-cn-hmbn ¦n Cu k`-tbmSv P\-§Ä¡p-ff Rm³ ImWp-I-bm-Wv. kv]o¡À ]Zhn {]Xo£ AkvX-an-¡pw. \nb-a-k`m Hcp knwlm-k-\-am-sW¶pw AXà Hcp {]hÀ¯-\-cw-K¯v ChnsS kqNn-¸n-¡- apÄ¡n-co-S-am-sW¶pw cïv A`n-{]m-b- s¸-«-Xp-t]mse Xs¶ Ht«sd amä-§Ä §-fp-ïv. CXv cïp-a-sÃ-¶mWv Fsâ hcp-t¯-ï-Xm-bn-«p-ïv. AXn-s\-¡p-dn¨v A`n-{]m-bw. kv]o¡À F¶ k¦-ev]- \ap¡v Iq«mbn Btem-Nn-¡m-sa¶p ¯n\pXs¶ ImX-emb amä-§Ä h¶p- am{Xta Rm³ Cu Ah-k-c-¯n ]d-bp-

131 ¶p-f-fq. kaq-l-¯nsâ icn-bmb {]Xn- hne-tb-dnb \nÀt±-i-§fpw kvt\lm-Z- ^-e\w k`mthZn-I-fn Dïm-hpI c-§fpw Rm³ Cub-h-k-c-¯n {]Xo- kzm-`m-hn-I-am-Wv. kwLÀj-`-cn-X-amb £n-¡p-I-bm-Wv. \n§Ä F¶n AÀ¸n- A¯cw kµÀ`-§-fnepw ]c-kv]cw ¨n-«p-ff D¯-c-hm-Zn-X-z-s¯-¡p-dn¨v Rm³ _lp-am\hpw hyàn _Ô-§fpw XnI¨pw t_m[-hm-\m-Wv. AXp-]-d-bp- Im¯p kq£n¨v k`-bpsS A´Êv t¼mÄ Rm³ Hcp henb \nb-a-]-WvUn- DbÀ¯n-¸n-Sn-¡m³ \ap¡v Ign-b-Ww. X-\-Ã, Hcp \nb-a-_n-cp-Z-[m-cn-bm-Wv, A`n- Cu ]¯mw tIcf \nb-a-k-`bv¡v Ht«sd `m-j-I-\m-Wv. \nb-a-]-T\w am{X-a-ÃtÃm {]tX-y-I-X-I-fp-ïv. asämcp k`bv¡pw ChnsS Bh-i-yw. AXn-ep-]cn Cu CÃm-Xn-cp¶ {]tX-y-I-X-I-fp-ïv. ZoÀL- \nb-a-k-`-bnse {]hÀ¯\]cn-Nbw \m-fs¯ {]hÀ¯\ ]mc-¼-c-y-ap-ff {][m-\-s¸-«-Xm-Wv. AXnepw D]-cn-bmbn {]i-kvXcpw {]K-Ûcpw Cu k`-bn k`mw-K-§-fpsS Xpd¶ kl-I-cWw Dïv. ImÂ\q-äm-ïp-Imew ]n¶n« Gähpw {][m-\-s¸-«-Xm-Wv. FÃm-h-cp- {]K-Û-cp-ïv. {]K-Û-a-Xn-I-fp-ïv. Cu sSbpw klmb kl-I-c-W-§Ä Rm³ \nb-a-k-`-bn aq¶v ap³ kv]o¡Àam {]Xo-£n-¡p-I-bm-Wv. ChnsS ]e A`n- cp-ïv. Cu \nb-a-k-`-bn cïv ap³ {]m-b-§fpw s]m´n-h-¶n-«p-ïv. AXn sU]-yq«n kv]o¡Àam-cp-ïv. Cu \nb-a- Nne Imc-y-§sf kw_-Ôn¨v Rm³ ]cm- k-`-bn Ignª Ime¯v \nb-a- aÀin-¡pI am{Xta sN¿p-¶p-f-fq. \ne- a-{´n-bmbn {]KÛtkh\w A\p-jvTn¨ hn-ep-ff N«-a-\p-k-cn¨v k`m\S-]-Sn-IÄ {io. sI. Fw. amWn-sb-t¸m-ep-ff Bfp-I- D¨bv¡v 1.30þ\v Ah-km-\n-¸n-t¡-ï- fp-ïv. Cu \nb-a-k-`-bnse C¶s¯ Xm-Wv. F¶m Ignª A\p-`-h-§Ä, \nb-a-a{´n {io. C. N{µ-ti-J-c³ t\cw sshIp-thmfw am{X-a-Ã, cm{Xn \mbÀ C´-y-¡msI amXr-I-bmbn \mw hsc \oïp-t]m-bn-«p-ff A\p-`-h-§Ä AwKo-I-cn¨ k_vPIvSv I½n-än-I-fpsS Dïv. AXn\v Hä-b-Sn-¡p-ff \nb-{´-W- cq]o-I-c-W-¯n-\p-thïn cq]o-I-cn¨ aà Rm³ Dt±-in-¡p-¶-Xv. AXn-s\mcp AUvtlm¡v I½n-än-bpsS sNbÀam³ \nb-{´Ww Bh-i-y-am-Wv. ChnsS kqNn- IqSn-bm-bn-cp-¶p. A§s\ Ht«sd ¸n-¨Xv \à Hcp Imc-y-am-Wv. Hcp A`n-{]mb {]tX-y-I-X-IÄ Cu \nb-a-k-`-bv¡p-ïv. ka-\-z-b-¯n-eqsS AXn\v ]cn-lmcw AXp-t]mse Xs¶ ]pXnb AwK- ImW-W-sa-¶mWv Rm³ B{K-ln-¡p-¶-Xv. §Ä þ AXpw Hcp {]tX-y-I-X-bm-Wv. ]-{X-{]-hÀ¯-I-tcmSv Hcp hm¡v. ]{X \m¸-¯n-aq-t¶mfw ]pXnb AwK-§Ä {]hÀ¯-IÀ F¶v ]d-bp-¶Xv k`-bpsS Chn-tS¡v IS-¶p-h-¶n-«p-ïv. \qän\mev]- Ahn-`m-PyLS-I-am-Wv. AhÀ \nb-a-k-`- Xn \m¸-¯n-aq¶v F¶v ]d-bp-¶Xv bpsS {]hÀ¯-\s¯ k¼p-jvS-am-¡m³ hfsc A`n-am-\n-¡-¯¡ kwK-Xn-bmbn BßmÀ°-ambn {ian-¡-Ww. Rm³ Rm³ ImWp-I-bm-Wv. FÃm-h-cp-sSbpw ]dªXv hmÀ¯IÄ krjvSn-¡p-¶-h-

132 sc-bà t{]mÕm-ln-¸n-t¡-ï-Xv, krjvSn- {]iv\w F¶ \ne-bn Nne Imc-y-§Ä ]-c-ambn \nb-a-k`m {]hÀ¯\w \S-¯p- ap³Iq«n \ÂIn-bn-«p-f-f-Xns\ kw_- ¶-h-sc-bmWv t{]mÕm-ln-¸-t¡-ï-sX- Ôn¨v A\p-tam-Z\{]kw-K-¯n-eqsS ]cm ¶m-Wv. Rm³ ZoÀLn-¸n-¡p-¶n-Ã. Fs¶- -aÀin-¡-s¸-«p. hmkvX-h-¯n B {]iv\- ¸än ]dª FÃm \à hm¡p-IÄ¡pw §sf Rm³ Ah-K-Wn-¨p-sImïv ]d-bp Hcn-¡ÂIqSn \µn. _lp-am-\-s¸« AwK- -I-b-Ã, B {]iv\-¯n ChnsS Ct¸mÄ §-fp-sSbpw ]{X{]hÀ¯-I-cp-sSbpw ¯s¶ ]e AwK-§fpw t\Xm-¡-·mcpw DtZ-ym-K-Øcp-sSbpw FÃm-hn[ kl- kqNn-¸n-¨p. AXn Nne {][m-\-s¸« I-c-Whpw {]Xo-£n-¨p-sImïv Rm³ {]iv\-§Ä AS-§n-bn-«p-ïv. B {]iv\ \nÀ¯p-¶p. -§Ä Kuc-h-]qÀÆw kÀ¡m-cnsâ `mK¯p\n¶pw ]cn-K-Wn-¡p-sa¶v Rm³ Hcp Imcyw IqSn Rm³ kqNn-¸n-¡-s«, {]Xo-£n-¡p-I-bm-Wv. Cu cq]-¯n Rm³ Ct¸mÄ Npa-Xe Gsä-Sp-¯n-t«- \ap¡v C¶s¯ kulrZ A´-co£w bp-f-fq. AtX ka-b¯v ChnsS {Ia- \ne-\n-dp-¯-W-sa-¶mWv Fsâ At]£.

133 {io. h¡w ]pcptjm¯-a³ (Pq¬ 6, 2001)

_lpam\s¸« k`mwK§tf, KyIchpw AÃm¯Xpamb {]hWXIÄ IS¶pIqSnbn«pïv. Rm³ hn«pt]mb ]pXnb \qämïnse BZy \nbak`bpsS t¸mÄ {]mcw`Zibnembncp¶ \nba A²y£\mbn Fs¶ sXcsªSp¯ k`maµnc¯nsâ \nÀ½mWw sshInbm Xn\v F\n¡pff IrXÚX BZyambn sW¦nepw ]qÀ¯nbmbncn¡p¶p. B[p {]Imin¸n¨p sImffs«. I£n t`Zsat\y \nI kuIcy§fpw kÖoIcW§fp FÃm `mK¯p\n¶papff klIcW apff \½psS \nbak`maµncw XeØm hmKvZm\§Ä¡pw Fs¶¡pdn¨v ]dª \\KcnbpsS {][m\ BIÀjW tI{µ \à hm¡pIÄ¡pw Rm³ AXoh am¡phm³ \ap¡v {ian¡mw. `cW]£ IrXÚ\mWv. ]Xnt\gv hÀj§Ä¡v ¯n\v alm`qcn]£apff Ct¸mgs¯ ap³]v kv]o¡À ]ZhntbmSpw \nbak` tbmSpw hnS ]dªpt]mb Rm³ \nbak`bn {]Xn]£¯nsâ \ymb hoïpw \nbak`bnte¡pw A²y£ amb AhImi§Ä hn\ntbmKn¡phm³ ]Zhnbnte¡pw XncnsI hcm\nSbmbXv klmbIcamb kmlNcyw krjvSnt¡ Hcp \ntbmKambn Rm³ IcpXp¶p. Cu ïXv `cW]£¯nsâbpw ISabmWv. Imebfhn \½psS cmjv{SobcwKhpw IgnªIme A\p`h§Ä F´v Xs¶ \nbak`bpw ]e amä§Ä¡pw hnt[b bmbmepw C¶s¯ `cW]£w B ISa ambn«pïv. tIcf cmjv{Sob¯nsâ hn«phogvNmat\m`mht¯mSpw hnime khntijXbmb cïv I£nkJy§Ä a\kvIXtbmSpw {]mtbmKnI_p²ntbmSpw amdn amdn A[nImc¯n hcnIbpw, IqSn \ndthäpsa¶v {]Xo£n¡mw. AXp P\X A`napJoIcn¡p¶ hnhn[ {]iv\ t]mse Xs¶ \nbak`bpsS hnes¸« §Ä¡v ]cnlmcw ImWphm³ AhÀ kabw A\mhiyamb XSÊs¸Sp¯ep BhnjvIcn¨ \b]cn]mSnIÄ¡\pk- Ifpw kvXw`\hpw sImïv \jvSs¸Sp cWamwhn[w bXv\n¡pIbpw sNbvXp. ¯msX Kh¬saâv Imcy§Ä kpKa \nbak`bpsS {]hÀ¯\¯nepw Btcm ambn \S¯phm³ {]Xn]£hpw klIcn

134 t¡ïXpïv. Fs¶ kw_Ôn¨nS kwhn[m\¯n AXyp¶X Øm\ae¦ t¯mfw k`m²y£s\¶pff \nebn cn¡p¶ \nbak`bpsS A´Ên\pw F¶n \n£n]vXamb IÀ¯hy§Ä Imcy£aXbv¡pw £Xw kw`hn¨m \njv]£ambpw \nÀ`bambpw \nÀÆln P\m[n]Xy hyhØsbbmWv AXv ¡phm³ {ian¡psa¶v Rm³ k`bv¡v tZmjIcambn _m[n¡p¶Xv. A§s\ Dd¸v \ÂIp¶p. {]iv\k¦oÀ®amb, kw`hn¡msX t\mt¡ïXv \½n hnja§Ä \ndª Hcp ImeL«¯neq hnizmkaÀ¸n¨v \s½ sXcsªSp¯ sSbmWv \mw IS¶pt]mIp¶Xv. k¦pNn b¨ P\m[n]Xy hnizmknItfmSpw `mhn Xamb I£nXmÂ]cy§Ä amänsh¨v XeapdtbmSpapff ISabmWv. ]pXnb hnimeamb cmPyXmÂ]cy§Ä ap¶n \qämïnse BZys¯ \nbak`, hcpw IïpsImïv `cW {]Xn]£ t`Zsat\y Ime \nbak`IÄs¡Ãmw amXrIbm FÃmhcpw Hs¯mcpan¨v {]hÀ¯n Iphm³ \n§fpsSsbÃmw AIagnª t¡ï kµÀ`amWnsX¶v Rm³ {]tXy klmbklIcW§Ä DïmIWsa¶v In¨v ]dtbïXnÃtÃm. P\m[n]Xy`cW A`yÀ°n¡p¶p.

135 {io. tXd¼n cmaIrjvW³ (sk]vXw_À 16, 2004)

_lpam\ycmb k`mwK§tf, P\e£ ^e{]Zambn ]qÀ¯oIcn¡m³ {ian¡p §fpsS Bibm`nemj§Ä {]ISn¸n ¶tXmsSm¸w _lpam\y sa¼ÀamcpsS ¡m\pw AhcpsS B{Kl§Ä¡v aqÀ¯ \ymbamb AhImi§Ä ]qÀ®ambn cq]w \ÂIm\pw thïnbpff Cu kwc£n¡phm\pw ]camh[n ]cn{i al\ob k`bpsS \mY\mbn Fs¶ an¡pw. kÀ¡mcns\ `cn¡m³ {]Xn] sXcsªSp¯Xn FÃm AwK§ £hpw {]Xn]£¯nsâ hnaÀi\§sf tfmSpw \nÊoaamb \µn tcJs¸Sp DÄs¡mffm³ kÀ¡mcpw {i²n¡Ww. ¯p¶p. _lpam\s¸« k`mt\Xmhpw klnjvWpXbpw kaNn¯Xbpw Csà {]Xn]£t\Xmhpw hnhn[ I£nt\ ¦n P\m[n]Xyw Xs¶ AÀ°iq\y Xm¡fpw aäv _lpam\s¸« AwK§fpw amIpw. k`bn \S¡p¶ kq£vaamb Fs¶¸än ]dª \à hNÊpIÄ¡pw Imcy§Ä t]mepw Zriyam[ya§Ä A\ptamZ\§Ä¡pw Rm³ At§bäw P\§fpsS {i²nÂs¸Sp¯p¶psï¶ IrXÚ\mWv. CXv Fsâ cïmaqg Imcyw \s½ IqSpX kwba\Nn¯cm amWv. {]ikvXcpw {]KÛcpamb \nc ¡Ww. kv]o¡sd d^dnbmbn ]ecpw h[n P\t\Xm¡fpsS IÀ½cwKamWv D]an¡mdpïv. aÕcw BtcmKyIcambn tIcf \nbak`. P\t£aIchpw ]ptcm \S¡Wsa¦n d^dn am{Xw hnNmcn Ka\]chpamb \nch[n \nba\nÀ½m- ¨m t]mc, IfnbpsS \nba§Ä IrXy W§Ä \S¯nb Ncn{XthZnbmWv CXv. ambn ]men¡m\pw d^dnsb A\pkcn D¶X \nehmc¯nepff \½psS \nba ¡m\pw Ifn¡mcpw X¿mdmIWw. FÃmh k`bpsSbpw hnhn[ k`mkanXnIfp sSbpw {]hÀ¯\§Ä aäv kwØm\ cpsSbpw klIcWt¯msS Cu k` \nbak`IÄ¡pw C³Uy³ ]mÀe- bpsS ]mc¼cyhpw A´Êpw \ne\nÀ saân\v Xs¶bpw ]et¸mgpw amXrI ¯m³ Ignbpsa¶mWv Fsâ Dd¨ bmbn«pïv. Cu \nbak`bpsS \S] hnizmkw. Gähpw Ipd¨v kwkmcn¡p¶ SnIÄ \nb{´n¡pIbpw AXnsâ h\mWv \à kv]o¡À F¶v ]dªptI«n Hu¶Xyw \ne\nÀ¯pIbpw sNbvX ap³ «pïv. Fs¶ Gähpw Ipd¨v kwkmcn¸n KmanIsf Rm³ Cu kµÀ`¯n BZc ¡m³ \n§Ä klmbn¡Ww. Fsâ ]qÀÆw kvacn¡p¶p. k`m\mYs\¶ ZuXy\nÀÆlW¯n FÃmhcpsSbpw \nebv¡v kÀ¡mcnsâ _nkn\ÊpIÄ klmb klIcW§Ä A`yÀ°n¡p¶p.

136 {io sI. cm[m-Ir-jvW³ (tabv 25, 2006)

_lp-am-\-s¸« apJ-y-a-{´n, {]Xn-]£ AwK-§-fpsS Ah-Im-i-§Ä kwc-£n- t\Xm-th, _lpam\-y-cmb I£n-t\-Xm- ¨p-sImïpw F¶n AÀ¸n¨ Npa-Xe ¡-tf, aäv \nb-a-k-`mw-K-§-tf, aäv kplr- \nd-th-äm³ Rm³ BßmÀ°-ambn ¯p-¡-tf, ]{´ïmw tIcf \nb-a- {ian-¡p-sa¶v Dd¸v \ÂIp-¶p. hy-X-y- k-`-bpsS A²-y-£-\mbn Fs¶ sXc- kvXamb cmjv{Sob ZÀi-\-§-fn hni-z- sª-Sp-¯-Xn Rm³ FÃm am\y kn-¡p-Ibpw AXnsâ ASn-Øm-\-¯n k`mw-K-§Ä¡pw lrZbw \ndª \µn {]hÀ¯n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶-h-cmWv tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p. A`n-h-µ-y-\mb k`m \½psS \nb-a-k-`m-km-am-Pn-IÀ F¦nepw t\Xmhpw {]Xn-]£ t\Xmhpw aäv hnhn[ \½p-sS-sbÃmw e£yw P\-\-·-bm- I£n-t\-Xm-¡fpw Fs¶ A\p-tam-Zn-¡p- bn-cn-¡-Ww. P\-t£-a-I-c-amb \nb-a I-bpw Biw-kn-¡p-Ibpw BßmÀ°- -\nÀ½m-W-§Ä¡v thïn-bm-bn-cn-¡Ww amb kl-I-c-W-§Ä hmKvZm\w sN¿p- \mw IqSp-X kabw Iï-t¯-ï-Xv. I-bp-ïm-bn. AhÀ Hmtcm-cp-¯-tcmSpw D¶-X-amb P\m-[n-]-Xy ]mc¼cyapÅ Rm³ Fsâ \µnbpw IS-¸mSpw tcJ-s¸-Sp \½psS \nbak`bv¡v C´ybnse Xs¶ ¯p-¶p.- P\m-[n-]-X-y-¯nsâ al-\o-bhpw aäp]e \nbak`IÄ¡pw amXrIbpw ]c-tam-¶-Xhp-amb Cu \nb-a-k-`-bpsS amÀ¤ZÀi\hpw \ÂInbn«pÅ Ncn{X- kv]o¡À ]Zhnbntebv¡v sXcsªSp amWpÅXv. Hcp P\m[n]Xy Øm]-\- ¡s¸«Xv Fsâ PohnX¯nse Gähpw ¯nsâ Hu¶-Xyw \ne-sIm-f-fp-¶Xv AXv [\yamb H¶m-sW¶v Rm³ Icp-Xp-¶p. km[m-cW ]uc\v F{X-t¯mfw {]tbm- _lp-am-\-y-cmb k`mw-K-§Ä F¶n P\w \ÂIp¶p F¶-Xn-em-Wv. ZoÀL- G¸n¨ hni-zm-khpw Fs¶ G¸n¨ Im-e-ambn Cu k`-bn AwK-§-fmbn D¯-c-hm-Zn-X-zhpw DÄs¡m-f-fp-Ibpw Cu Ccp-¶n-«p-f-f-h-cpw {]hÀ¯\ ]mc-¼-c-y k`-bpsS A´Êpw A`n-am-\hpw -ap-f-f-hcpw {]KÂ`cpw {]i-kvX-cp-amb DbÀ¯n-¸n-Sn-¨p-sImïpw _lp-am-\-s¸« `cW {]Xn-]£ _lp-am-\y sa¼Àam-

137 cpsS km¶n-²yw Cu k`-bpsS DÂIr-jvS- am[-ya{]hÀ¯-I-cp-sSbpw \nb-ak`m amb IÀ¯-hy\nÀÆ-l-W-¯n\v KpW-I sk{I-t«-dn-b-änse {]nb-s¸« Ìm^p-I- -c-am-bn-cn-¡p-sa¶v Rm³ hni-z-kn-¡p-¶p. fp-sSbpw ]qÀ®-amb kl-I-cWw Rm³ \½psS cïv ap³ kv]o¡ÀamÀ Cu k`- A`-yÀ°n-¡p-¶p. \nb-a-k-`-bpsS \S-]- bn-epïv F¶p-f-fXv \ap-s¡-Ãm-hÀ¡pw Sn-{I-a-§fpw N«-§fpw Iogvhg-¡-§fpw Adnbmw. am{X-aÃ, Cu k`-bn ]pXn- ]n´p-SÀ¶p-sImïv I£n ]cn-K-W-\- b-Xmbn AwK-§-fm-bn-«p-ff 64 _lp- IÄ¡-Xo-X-ambn \njv]-£hpw \oXn-]qÀ am-\y AwK-§-fp-sSbpw hne-tb-dnb Æ-I-hp-amb IÀ¯-hy\nÀÆ-l-W-¯n\v \nÀt±-i-§fpw kl-I-c-W-§fpw Ah- FÃm _lp-am-\-s¸« sa¼Àam-cp-sSbpw cpsS hne-s¸« A`n-{]m-b-§fpw k`m\ klmbkl-I-c-W-§fpw ]n´p-Wbpw S-]-Sn-IÄ¡v Hcp apX¡q-«m-bn-cn-¡p- Hcn-¡ÂIqSn A`-yÀ°n¨p-sImïv FÃm- sa¶v Rm³ {]Xo-£n-¡p-¶p. \nb-a-k- hÀ¡pw Fsâ lrZbw \ndª \µn `m-²-y-£-s\¶ \ne-bn Fsâ {]hÀ tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯n-s¡mïv Fsâ hm¡p-IÄ ¯-\-§Ä¡v FÃm _lp-am-\-y-cmb \nÀ¯p-¶p.

138 {io. Pn. ImÀ¯ntIb³ (Pq¬ 2, 2011)

_lpam\y-\mb k`m-t\-Xmth, _lpam hmZnXzt_m[t¯mSpIqSn Fsâ NpaXe \s¸« {]Xn]£t\Xmth, _lpam\y \nÀÆln¡phm³ {ian¡psa¶v Rm³ cmb I£nt\Xm¡tf, \nbak`m kmam \n§Ä¡v Dd¸pXcp¶p. Gsd {]tXyI PnItc, am[yakplr¯p¡tf, XIÄ \ndªXmWv tIcf¯nsâ Cu ]Xnaq¶mw \nbak`. cïv ap³ Cu \nbak`bpsS ]ctam¶X ]Zhnbn kv]o¡Àamcpw {]KÂ`cmb \nch[n tebv¡v Fs¶ sXcsªSp¯XnepÅ ]mÀesatâdnb·mcpw Cu k`bnepïv. lrZbw \ndª \µn Rm³ {]Imin¸n¨p sImÅp¶p. k`mt\Xmhpw {]Xn]£ tIcf¯nsâ s]mXp{]hÀ¯\cwK¯v t\Xmhpw I£nt\Xm¡fpw Fs¶¡p iàamb km¶n[yw Dd¸n¨pIgnªn dn¨v ]dª \à hm¡pIÄ¡pw A\p «pÅ ]pXpapJ§fmb \mÂ]¯ncïv tamZ\§Ä¡pw klIcW hmKvZm\ AwK§Ä Cu k`bnepïv F¶pÅXv §Ä¡pw FÃmhcpw F¶n AÀ¸n¨ hfsc kt´mjIcamWv. k`m\S] hnizmk¯n\pw Rm³ {]tXyIw \µn SnIÄ kq£vaambn ]n´pScp¶Xn\pw ]dbp¶p. k`bpsS N«§fpw \S]Sn{Ia§fpw a\Ênem¡p¶Xn\pw hnjb§Ä Bg kp{][m\ \nba\nÀ½mW§Ä sImïpw ¯n ]Tn¨v AhXcn¸n¡p¶Xn\pw Iogvhg¡§ÄsImïpw `mcX¯nsâ ]pXnb AwK§Ä¡v Ignbpsa¶v Rm³ apgph³ {i²bmIÀjn¨ k`bmWv {]Xymin¡p¶p. tIcf \nbak`. Cu k`bpsS kv]o¡À Øm\w GsäSp¡m³ IgnªXn Kh¬saânsâ `cW]camb \S]Sn hn\b]pcÊcw ]dbs«, Rm³ A`nam\n {Ia§Ä kab_ÔnXambn \ndthän ¡p¶p. k`bpsS \mY³ F¶ \nebnÂ, s¡mSp¡p¶Xn\pw {]Xn]£¯nsâ bmsXmcp ]£]mXhpanÃmsX, k`bpsS AhImi§Ä kwc£n¡p¶Xn\pw A´Êv DbÀ¯n¸nSn¨psImïv D¯c Xpey{]m[m\yhpw ]cnKW\bpw

139 kv]o¡À \ÂtIïXpïv. Cu ]Zhn k`m\S]SnIÄ _lpP\a[y¯n bpsS A´xk¯ ]qÀ®ambpw DÄs¡m F¯n¡p¶Xn hmÀ¯mam[ya§fpsS ïpsImïv k`bnse FÃm hn`m- ]¦v hfsc hepXmWv. \à \nbak`m K§Ä¡pw Ahkcw e`n¡p¶Xn\v {]hÀ¯\w ImgvNhbv¡p¶hsc ]cam Rm³ ]camh[n {ian¡p¶XmWv. h[n t{]mÕmln¸n¡phm\pw \nba A\phZn¡s¸« kab]cn[n¡pÅn k`bv¡pÅnse {]kwK§fpw NÀ¨ \n¶psImïpw kzbw kzoIcn¡p¶ Ifpw _lpP\§Ä¡nSbn F¯n¡p \nb{´W§Ä¡v hnt[bcmbpw k`bpsS hm\pw am[yakplr¯p¡fpsS ]qÀ® kab{Iahpw kulrZm´co£hpw \ne klIcWw Rm³ A`yÀ°n¡p¶p. \nÀ¯n k`bpsS A´Êv DbÀ¯n¸n- k`bpsS ]mc¼cyhpw A´Êpw \ne\n Sn¡Wsa¶v Rm³ A`yÀ°n¡p¶p. À¯ns¡mïv Fsâ NpaXeIÄ Cu k`bpsS kv]o¡À ]Zhnbnencp¶p- `wKnbmbn \nÀÆln¡p¶Xn\v `cW sImïv kvXpXyÀlamb tkh\w A\p ]£¯p\n¶pw {]Xn]£¯p\n¶pw jvTn¨ FÃm ap³ kv]o¡Àamscbpw FÃm klmbklIcW§fpw Rm³ Rm³ Cu kµÀ`¯n _lpam\]p Hcn¡ÂIqSn A`yÀ°n¡p¶p. FÃm- cÊcw HmÀ¡p¶p. hÀ¡pw Hcn¡ÂIqSn \µn.

140 {io. F³. ià³ (amÀ¨v 12, 2015)

_lpam\y\mb k`mt\Xmhv, _lpam Hcp k`bn Xs¶ t{]ms«w kv]o¡À, \s¸« {]Xn]£t\Xmhv, _lpam\y sU]yq«n kv]o¡À, kv]o¡À F¶o cmb I£nt\Xm¡Ä, _lpam\ycmb Øm\§Ä hln¡m³ IgnªXv Hcp \nbak`mwK§Ä, am[ya kplr¯p {]tXyI `mKyambn Rm³ IcpXp¶p. ¡Ä, tIcf \nbak` kp{][m\amb \nba Hcp {]tXyI L«¯n Cu \nba \nÀ½mW§Ä sImïpw Iogvhg¡§Ä k`bpsS ]ctam¶X ]Zhnbntebv¡v sImïpw `mcX¯nsâ apgph³ {i² Fs¶ sXcsªSp¯Xn Fsâ lrZbw BIÀjn¨ k`bmWv. Cu k`bpsS \ndª \µn BZyambn {]Imin¸n¨p kv]o¡À Øm\s¯¯m³ IgnªXv sImÅp¶p. XnI¨pw A{]Xo£nXambn Hcp alm`mKyambn Rm³ IcpXp¶p. ZpxJIcamb HchØbnemWv Rm³ Cu CXn A`nam\n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. ]Zhnbnse¯p¶Xv. C¯csamchØ k`bpsS A´Êv F¶pw DbÀ¯n¸n- Rm\pw \n§fpw {]Xo£n¨ncp¶nÃ. Sn¨v XnIª D¯chmZnXzt¯msS \½psSsbÃmw {]nb¦c\mb Fsâ NpaXeIÄ \nÀÆln¡m³ Pn. ImÀ¯ntIb³ \s½ hn«p]ncnª {ian¡psa¶v Dd¸p\ÂIm³ Rm³ Xnsâ BLmX¯nÂ\n¶pw \mw C\nbpw B{Kln¡p¶p. tamNnXcmbn«nÃ. Cu k`bpsS Gähpw \nÀ®mbIamb ChnsS k`mt\Xmhpw {]Xn]£t\ Xmhpw I£nt\Xm¡fpw Fs¶¡pdn¨v Hcp kµÀ`¯nemWv A²y£ ]Zhn ]dª FÃm \Ãhm¡pIÄ¡pw A\p bntebv¡v \n§Ä Fs¶ \ntbm- tamZ\§Ä¡pw klIcW hmKvZm\ Kn¨n«pÅXv. B D¯chmZnXzw F\n¡v §Ä¡pw F¶neÀ¸n¡p¶ hnizmk t_m[yapïv. Cu k`bnse _lpam\y ¯n\pw kvt\l¯n\pw Rm³ {]tXyIw cmb AwK§fpsS \nÀtem`amb klIc \µn tcJs¸Sp¯p¶p. W¯neqsS Fsâ IÀ¯hy]qÀ¯o

141 IcW¯n\v BßmÀ°ambn {ian¡p hnt[bXztam IqSmsX XnI¨pw sa¶v Cu k`bv¡v Rm³ Dd¸p\ kzX{´\mbn {]hÀ¯n¡m\pw \ap¡v ÂIp¶p. Kh¬saânsâ `cW]camb IgntbïXpïv. A´Êv DbÀ¯p¶ \S]Sn{Ia§Ä kab_ÔnXambn \nd {]hÀ¯\§fneqsS \mw aäv \nbak` thäns¡mSp¡p¶Xn\pw {]Xn]£ IÄ¡v amXrIbmbn amdWw. Ft¸mgpw ¯nsâ AhImi§Ä kwc£n¡p¶ \mw DbÀ¯n¸nSn¨ H¶mw Øm\w Xn\pw Xpey{]m[m\yhpw ]cnKW\bpw \ap¡n\nbpw apt¶m«v sImïpt]m kv]o¡À \ÂtIïXpïv. Cu ]Zhn tIïXpïv. AXn\mbn \ap¡v H¶n¨v bpsS A´xk¯ ]qÀ®ambpw {]hÀ¯n¡mw. Cu k`bpsS kv]o¡À DÄs¡mïpsImïv k`bnse FÃm ]Zhnbn Ccp¶v kvXpXyÀlamb hn`mK§Ä¡pw Ahkcw e`n¡p¶Xn\v tkh\w A\pjvTn¨ FÃm ap³ kv]o¡À Rm³ ]camh[n {ian¡p¶XmWv. amscbpw {]tXyIn¨v Fsâ ap³Kman Pn. ImÀ¯ntIbs\bpw Rm³ Cu Ah- \½psS \mSns\ ImXembn _m[n¡p¶ kc¯n _lpam\]pcÊcw HmÀ½n hnhn[§fmb ]e {]iv\§fpw NÀ¨ ¡pIbmWv. AhÀ ImgvNh¨ \à ]mX sNt¿ï Hcp thZnbmWv Cu k`. IÄ ]n´pScm³ Xs¶bmIpw Fsâbpw DZm¯amb NpaXeIÄ \ndthäm³ {iaw. k`m\S]SnIÄ _lpP\ a[y¯n Cu k`bnse apgph³ AwK§sfbpw se¯n¡p¶Xn hmÀ¯mam[ya§fpsS Rm³ £Wn¡p¶p. \mSnsâbpw \m«p ]¦v \ap¡dnbmw. \à \nbak`m {]hÀ ImcpsSbpw t£a¯n\mbn F¶psa¶pw ¯\w ImgvNhbv¡p¶hsc, {]tXyIn¨pw H¶n¨p\n¶v t]mcmtSïhcmWv \½Ä. hnjb§Ä ]Tn¨v ^e{]Zambn AhXcn B e£yt_m[t¯mSpIqSnbpÅ \½psS ¸n¡p¶hsc ]camh[n t{]mÕmln¸n {]bmWw ChnsS \S¡p¶ Hmtcm ¡m\pw \nbak`bn \S¡p¶ NÀ¨Ifnepw {]Xn^ent¡ïXpïv. {]kwK§fpw NÀ¨Ifpw _lpP\§Ä AÀ°h¯mb NÀ¨Ifpw {InbmßI ¡nSbn F¯n¡phm\pw am[ya amb CSs]SepIfpw P\\·bv¡v IqSp kplr¯pIfpsS ]qÀ® klIcWw X {]tbmP\{]ZamIpw. `cWLS\m Rm³ A`yÀ°n¡p¶p. Cu k`bpsS ]cambn \ap¡v e`n¨n«pÅ A[nImc ]mc¼cyhpw A´Êpw Im¯p- §Ä \½Ä \½psS P\§Ä¡mbn D] kq£n¨psImïv Fsâ NpaXeIÄ tbmKn¡Ww. P\m[n]Xy¯nse {][m `wKnbmbn \nÀÆln¡p¶Xn\v `cW \s¸« Øm]\w F¶ \nebn \nba {]Xn]£ hyXymkanÃmsX FÃmhcpw \nÀ½mWk`IÄ¡pÅ Øm\w \ap FÃm klmb klIcW§fpw s¡ÃmhÀ¡pw Adnbmhp¶XmWv. B F\n¡v \ÂIWsa¶v Rm³ Hcn¡Â Øm\¯nsâ A´Êns\m¯v Dbcm³ IqSn A`yÀ°n¡p¶p. FÃmhÀ¡pw \ap¡v Ft¸mgpw Ignbs« F¶pw Rm³ \µn tcJs¸Sp¯ns¡mïv Rm³ \nÀ B{Kln¡p¶p. BtcmSpw hntZzjtam ¯p¶p. \akvImcw.

142 {io. ]n. {iocm-a-Ir-jvW³ (Pq¬ 3, 2016)

Bcm-[y-\mb k`mt\Xm-th, _lp-am- amb Hc\p`hambn Rm³ IcpXp¶p. \y-\mb {]Xn-]-£-t\-Xm-th, _lp-am- Nnc]cnNnXamb {]hÀ¯\ taJebn \-s¸« \nb-a-k`m kmam-Pn-I-tc, \n¶pw XoÀ¯pw hyXykvXamb Hcp taJebntebv¡mWv, NpaXebnte ]Xn-\memw tIcf \nb-a-k-`-bpsS A²y- bv¡mWv Rm³ Imeq¶p¶Xv. k`m²y £-\mbn Cu k` Fs¶ sXc-sª-Sp-¯- £sâ \njv]£Xsb¡pdn¨pw {]Xn] Xn BZyambn Rm³ \µn tcJs¸ £¯nsâ AhImi§sf¡pdn¨pw Sp¯p¶p. Fs¶¡pdn¨v ]dª \à {]Xn]£ t\Xmhv DÄs¸sSbpÅ hm¡pIÄ¡v lrZbw \ndª \µn Adn AwK§Ä ChnsS kqNn¸n¡pIbpw bn¡p¶p. hnJymXamb Ncn{XapÅ Nne \nÀt±i§Ä ]dbpIbpw sNbvXp. ap³KmanIfmb apgph³ kv]o¡Àamcp Cu kab¯v F\n¡v tXm¶p¶Xv sSbpw tkh\§sf Rm³ incÊpIp\n¨v s\t¸mfnbsâ Ncn{X{]kn²amb Hcp kvacn¡p¶p. ]cnWX{]Úcpw ]pXp hN\amWv. {^©v P\XbpsS hnizmkw apJ§fpw Hcpt]mse \ndª Cu k` BÀÖn¡p¶Xn\v thïn hn¹hm\ D¶X\nehmcapÅ Hcp Ncn{XapÅ ´cw At±lw It¯men¡mk`bpambn k`bmWv. ]cnWX{]ÚcpsSbpw concordat AYhm religious agreement ]pXpapJ§fpsSbpw Cu Iq«mbva Cu Øm]n¡pIbpïmbn. CXns\¡pdn¨v k`bpsS Hcp km[yXbmbn Rm³ kwibw D¶bn¨htcmSv At±lw ImWp¶p. amXrIm]camb \nch[n ]dªp, 'While I was in Egypt I was a \nba\nÀ½mW§Ä¡v t\XrXzw \ÂIn Muslim, Now I am in France no doubt, I cmPys¯ ]e \nbak`IÄ¡pw ]e am a Christian' F¶v. NpaXeIÄ \s½ t¸mgpw ]mÀesaân\pt]mepw {]tNmZ\ amän ]WnbWw. AXv sNbdn\pw \nba amb k`bmWv CXv. C¯cw Hcp Ncn{X k`m kmamPnIÀ¡pw Hcp t]mse thZnbpsS A²y£\mbn {]hÀ¯n _m[IamWv. \nba\nÀ½mWk`bnse ¡m³ km[n¡p¶Xv PohnX¯nse [\y AwKXzw, NpaXeIfpsS _mlpeyhpw

143 sshhn²yhpw sImïv k¼¶amWv. \nb £\v _m[yXbpïv. C¡mcy¯n FÃm ak`m {]hÀ¯\§fn NXpÀLSI§ hcpsSbpw klIcWw {]Xo£n¡p¶p. fmWv \ap¡pNpäpw {`aWw sN¿p¶Xmbn cmhnse 8.30þ\v Bcw`n¡p¶ \½psS F\n¡v tXm¶nbXv. H¶v, k`bpw `cW \nbak`m coXnsb¡pdn¨v IuXpI¯n LS\bpw. cïv, k`bpw \nba\nÀ½m- \mbn Hct\zjWw \S¯nbt¸mÄ Whpw. aq¶,v k`bpw P\§fpw. \mev, am[ya{][m\amb \½psS kwkvImcw k`bpw am[ya§fpw. CXv a\Ênem¡n shfns¸SpIbpïmbn. sshIn«v 5.30þ\v bpÅ Krl]mTamWv \ap¡v thïXv. A¨Sn Bcw`n¨ncp¶ ]{X§Ä¡v \½psS `cWLS\ tIhew Ipsd AXphgn tIcf P\Xbv¡v hmÀ¯IÄ JWvU§tfm hIp¸pItfm am{XaÃ. e`yam¡m³ thïnbmbncp¶p F¶ AXnt\msSm¸w kzbw CgpInt¨À¶ IuXpIIcamb Ncn{XamWv a\Ênem aqey§fpsS Hcp DuÀÖ{]hmlw IqSn ¡m³ km[n¨Xv. k`bpsS kzcw P\§fn t¨À¶XmWv. Cu cmjv{Ss¯ Hcpan¸n¨v tebvs¡¯n¡m\pÅ Cu IpXqlew \nÀ¯p¶Xv Cu `cWLS\bmWv. C¶pw kPohamWv. Krl]mT¯n\pw AXv ]men¡s¸SpIbpw kwc£n¡s¸ B[nImcnIXbv¡pw kwhmZ kwkvImc SpIbpw thWw. AXv Dd¸p\ÂIp¶ ¯n\pw {]mapJyw \ÂIps¶mcp coXn kwc£W¯n\v klmbIcamb \nba \nbak`sb kw_Ôn¨v {]Xo£bmWv \nÀ½mWamWv \St¡ïXv. P\XbpsS hÀ²n¸n¡pIsb¶v HmÀ¡Ww. kwhmZ i_vZamWv \nbak`bpsS i_vZw. kwkvImc¯n\pthïn kzbw kÖcm P\m[n]Xy¯nsâ A\p\nanjapÅ Iphm³ \nbak`bnse ]pXpapJ§ hfÀ¨bpw hnImkhpamWv k`bn tfmSv Rm³ A`yÀ°n¡p¶p. P\Xbv¡v kw`hnt¡ïXv. P\m[n]Xyw HcnS¯v \nÀ`bXzhpw bpànt_m[`{ZXbpw XpS§n HcnS¯v Ahkm\n¡p¶ Hcp {]Zm\w sN¿p¶ \nbak`bmbn k` {]{InbbÃ. AXv Hmtcm \nanjhpw amds« F¶m{Kln¡p¶p. Krl]mTw hfÀ¶psImïncn¡p¶ Hcp aqeyhy- sN¿pI, kw£n]vXam¡pI, B[nImcn hØbmWv. P\m[n]Xys¯ IqSpX Iam¡pI, kwhmZ kwkvImcw Dd¸m hnIkn¸n¡p¶ \nba\nÀ½mW§Ä ¡pI. ]pXnb AwK§Ä¡v \nbak` bmYmÀ°yamIpt¼mgmWv P\XbpsS DuÀÖkzeamb Hc\p`hambn¯ocpw; PohnXw \nÀ`bhpw kzX{´hpw kuI- AXn\pÅ ]n´pW sNbÀ {]Xo£n cy{]Zhpw BIp¶Xv. AXn\v ]Xn\memw ¡p¶p. AXn\m sNbÀ A`yÀ°n \nbak`bv¡v km[n¡s« F¶v Rm³ ¡p¶p “be telegraphic, be telegramic” BßmÀ°ambn B{Kln¡p¶p. {]Xn F¶v. FÃm kmamPnItcmSpw Hcn¡Â ]£¯nsâ i_vZhpw AhImi§fpw IqSn lrZbw\ndª \µn Adnbn¨p- kwc£n¡s¸SWw. AXv kwc£n¡ sImïv k`bpsS kpKaamb \S¯n¸n\v s¸SpI Xs¶ sN¿pw. AtXmsSm¸w FÃmhcpsSbpw kÀÆmß\mbpÅ kÀ¡mcnsâ Imcy§Ä bYmkabw ]n´pW A`yÀ°n¨psImïv Rm\ \S¯ns¡mïv t]mIphm\pw k`m²y hkm\n¸n¡p¶p.

144 Some Unique Records

SOME UNIQUE RECORDS

1. Two Time Speakers 1. Shri Vakkom Purushothaman 2. Shri Therambil Ramakrishnan

2. The Speaker who later 1. Shri C.H. Mohammed Koya served as Chief Minister

3. Speakers who have 1. Shri C.H. Mohammed Koya served as Ministers 2. Shri D. Damodaran Potti 3. Shri T.S. John 4. Shri Chakkeeri Ahamed Kutty 5. Shri Vakkom Purushothaman 6. Shri V.M. Sudheeran 7. Shri P. P. Thankachan 8. Shri K. Radhakrishnan 9. Shri M. Vijayakumar 10. Shri G. Karthikeyan 11. Shri N. Sakthan

4. Speakers who served 1. Shri C.H. Mohammed Koya as Members of Parliament 2. Shri A.C. Jose 3. Shri Vakkom Purushothaman 4. Shri V.M. Sudheeran 5. Shri Varkala Radhakrishnan

5. The Speaker who had served as 1. Shri C.H. Mohammed Koya Dy. Chief Minister, Chief Minister and Member of Parliament

6. Speakers who resigned while 1. Shri C.H. Mohammed Koya holding office 2. Shri K. Moideenkutty Haji 3. Shri A.P. Kurian 4. Shri Vakkom Purushothaman 5. Shri P. P. Thankachan

147 7. Speakers who have 1. Shri M. Vijayakumar completed a full five year term 2. Shri K. Radhakrishnan

8. Speakers who expired 1. Shri K.M. Seethi Sahib while holding office 2. Shri G. Karthikeyan

9. Women Dy. Speakers 1. Smt. K.O. Aysha Bai 2. Smt. A. Nafeesath Beevi 3. Smt. Bhargavi Thankappan

10. Dy. Speakers who had served 1. Shri R.S. Unni as Ministers 2. Shri K. Narayana Kurup 3. Shri N. Sundaran Nadar 4. Shri N. Sakthan

11. Dy. Speakers who had served 1. Shri Korambayil Ahamed Haji as Members of Parliament 2. Smt. Bhargavi Thankappan

12. The Speaker who served 1. Shri Vakkom Purushothaman for the longest period (June 24, 1982 to December 28, 1984 and June 6, 2001 to September 4, 2004)

13. The Speaker who served 1. Shri A.C. Jose for the shortest period (February - June 1982)

14. A person who also served as 1. Shri N. Sakthan Speaker, Protem Speaker and Deputy Speaker in the same KLA

15. Speaker who later on adorned 1. Shri Vakkom Purushothaman the post of Governor (Mizoram)

148 Speakers and Deputy Speakers

-An Alphabetical Index

PRESIDING OFFICERS SINCE 1957 (ALPHABETICAL INDEX)

1. Shri Alexander Parambithara...... 25-26

2. Shri Chakkeeri Ahamed Kutty...... 33-34

3. Shri D. Damodaran Potti...... 27-28

4. Shri T.S. John...... 31-32

5. Shri A.C. Jose...... 37-38

6. Shri G. Karthikeyan ...... 53-54

7. Shri A.P. Kurian...... 35-36

8. Shri C.H. Mohammed Koya...... 23-24

9. Shri K. Moideenkutty Haji...... 29-30

10. Shri Vakkom Purushothaman...... 39-40

11. Shri K. Radhakrishnan...... 51-52

12. Shri Varkala Radhakrishnan...... 43-44

13. Shri Therambil Ramakrishnan...... 47-48

14. Shri N. Sakthan...... 55-56

15. Shri R. Sankaranarayanan Thampi...... 19-20

16. Shri K.M. Seethi Sahib...... 21-22

17. Shri P. Sreeramakrishnan...... 57-58

18. Shri V.M. Sudheeran...... 41-42

19. Shri P.P. Thankachan...... 45-46

20. Shri M. Vijayakumar...... 49-50

151 DEPUTY PRESIDING OFFICERS SINCE 1957 (ALPHABETICAL INDEX)

1. Smt. K.O. Aysha Bai...... 61-62

2. Smt. Bhargavi Thankappan...... 77-78

3. Shri P. K. Gopalakrishnan...... 69-70

4. Shri K.M. Hamza Kunju...... 73-74

5. Shri Jose Baby...... 85-86

6. Shri Korambayil Ahamed Haji...... 75-76

7. Shri C.A. Kurian...... 81-82

8. Shri M.P. Mohammed Jaffer Khan...... 65-66

9. Smt. A. Nafeesath Beevi...... 63-64

10. Shri K. Narayana Kurup...... 79-80

11. Shri Palode Ravi...... 87-88

12. Shri V. Sasi...... 89-90

13. Shri N. Sundaran Nadar...... 83-84

14. Shri R.S. Unni...... 67-68

15. Shri M.J. Zakaria...... 71-72

152