Palabras clave modernidad. la para Sloane, por Hans visita esta de antes años setenta unos realizadas botánicas observaciones pioneras las recuperar manera esta yde Madeira, conocer lo posibilitó que les calma, en estaba mar el Linneo, de mejor el discípulo último Solander, este yDaniel Joseph Banks abordo, de botánicos dos los para hubiera Afortunadamente sido bien diferente. Madeira de botánica historia la esto, sur, Tenerife. en al ocurrido haber De más arecalar do forzar podi le habrían impredecibles, todo mar, del del condiciones las Funchal, en recalar para razones buenas tenía Cook, teniente James el nave, la de Pese a que comandante el visitados. lugares los de naturaleza la yregistrar Venus de observar debía tránsito el Tahití–, en medir y –observar misión principal su de Además solitario. en y navegaba grande barco un era No Pacífico. el 1768, de hacia 12 el agosto de camino su en Funchal en parada primera su El Resumen Keywords age. modern into the earlier, years seventy more than made observations, Sloane’s botanical Hans pioneering were able to bring student, best Linnaeus’s latter men, the two the and kind was sea the ship’s Solander, the botanists, Daniel and forBanks Joseph Fortunately quite different. been have might of Madeira history botanical the happened, this Had for Tenerife to head him forced instead. have might of times, best atthe unpredictable conditions, sea otherwise: been have it could port, principal island’s theinto call to reason good a had Cook, theship’s James Lieutenant commander, Though world. natural the recording and to observing dedicated entourage unique and remarkable but a it had measured– accurately be for Tahiti could Venus’s where sky the across track making –initially voyage ascientific this Not was on only own. its it sailed and big ship was not a It theon 1768August waythe 12 to Pacific. on in stop Funchal first its had HMS Abstract Endeavour

Endeavour ARRIVES ‘SUITE’ BOTANICAL BANKSIAN THE Revista Scientia Insularum Scientia Revista : Banks, Botanical history, HMS history, Endeavour, Botanical : Banks, , el primer barco inglés en circunnavegar el Globo en misión científica, hizo hizo científica, misión Globo en el circunnavegar en inglés barco primer , el HACE 250 AÑOS: BANKS LLEGA A MADEIRA EN EL ENDEAVOUR EL EN AMADEIRA LLEGA BANKS 250 AÑOS: HACE TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTY YEARS AGO: YEARS FIFTY AND HUNDRED TWO , the first British ship to circumnavigate the world on a scientific mission, the world scientific on a circumnavigate to ship British first , the : Banks, Endeavour : Banks, IN MADEIRA ON HMS MADEIRA IN DOI: https://doi.org/10.25145/j.SI.2020.03.02 DOI: Jordan Goodman* , Historia de la Botánica, Madeira, Solander. Madeira, Botánica, la de , Historia , 3; diciembre 2020, pp. e-2659-6644 27-38; 2020, ISSN: diciembre , 3;

ENDEAVOUR Madeira, Solander. Madeira,

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REVISTA SCIENTIA INSULARUM, 3; 2020, PP. 27-38 27 REVISTA SCIENTIA INSULARUM, 3; 2020, PP. 27-38 28 United Kingdom. Corresponding author: [email protected] author: Corresponding Kingdom. United a latitude ‘not exceeding 30 degrees [south] 140 the ‘nota latitude degrees 30 between and exceeding a convenient by bounded southern hemisphere spot the in somewhere arectangle in to support andsendinstruments to men financial for his King to the appealing was from London’s 1995;Knowledge’ (Carter Society 2004).Society The Royal Cook a‘Memorial received for1768 Improving Natural III George King that for then it was place. first the in voyage the for the reasons to the background in to fill points, it necessary is tipping these But to written. before be no would paper discussing have reason had this Endeavour Parkinson. Sydney Solander, artist, principal the Daniel and and Joseph Banks botanists, two the for it especially held significance here what did and they what of Madeira, island theand of itsto entourage ‘scientific together gentlemen’ sail to came particularly how put it together, was toexpedition, explain how and ship, the its commander and Nevil Maskelyne (Beaglehole 1955; (Beaglehole Maskelyne Nevil and Woolf 1959; Wulf 2012). Franklin Morton, Benjamin Society’s including the fellows president, fourteen and Earl of James Douglas, wassigned by not be a to Thebystander. afford memorial science, simply forefront the in could for event Britain, of the astronomical and preparations own their out) were making singled Russia were and already Denmark Spain, powers (France, other European Several Society’. ofthe essence. the Time was of business thenecessary on carry sufficient to scarcely Income being Annual their today’s in of ships), the cost money– not the including –£400,000 at £4000 estimated had (which they Expence no in condition this ‘was pleaded, to memorial defray the Society’, outRoyal ‘The for to made. be preparations adequate running Time was 1769 January Horn Cape nowould to need later 1955). rounding be than (Beaglehole Pacific to the them taking ship the that south, to the and observers of sending plan general for Transit the the Committee agreed had Society’sthe newly–constituted June 1766. at least since system, of solar the size On 19 the Novembercalculate 1767, could hoped they they event, from which astronomical important but crucially rare this measuring and would how contribute they to observing discussing been had 1998). V39; MSS Williams Misc. RS Society Royal The Archives, Society Royal the 18741769 until in event again is would memorial next not (the –the occur original of Venus, transit the to observe place to visible be predicted on there best 3June the as Astronomer Royal, of the longitude west’, Maskelyne, by Nevil determined There are many beginnings to the voyage but my story starts on the but starts voyage to story my 15 February beginnings many are There tipping points, the were it that not is historical for two argument My main famous very of this scenes the My to behind go is paper intention this in * Department of Science and Technology Studies, University College London, London, London, London, College University Studies, Technology and of Science Department would not have visited Madeira, history would have been different, and would different, have been history would not have Madeira, visited 1. INTRODUCTION . th and 180 and Endeavour’s th degrees degrees

Endeavour’ 1955). (Beaglehole were candidates likely these ocean where precisely the in but no certain one was Tasman 1643), by in seen Abel last and suitable, be might Islands Amsterdam and 1595, in yNeira Mendaña Tonga in or one islands of two (then Rotterdam named de by sighted Alvaro been had which Islands, one of Marquesas were that the made of memorial, however, the suggestions drafting to the leading discussions the In event. astronomical the thesouthern in hemisphere location forspecific observing Venusplanet over sun’s 1933). the (Knight disc’ of the on passage the observations proper thought be for making shall as persons for ‘conveying such southward to the necessary as armed and should prepared be longer), times pitch three longeris afootball and ten times almost (the was Titanic HMS Navy, ship, the now of Royal the that renamed for day-to-day administration the who were responsible Board, Navy the informed later, Admiralty on the 5April, the of present east thelocation of to Thames the Tower Bridge. over Just a week in unused lying currently was and earlier years three more alittle than Whitby in Earl of the Pembroke called It was to ship purchase. which agreed 1995; 1955; Beaglehole 1933). Knight had By Admiralty end the the of March, (Carter destination to their them to provide asuitable to ship take Admiralty the he ordered time, southern to same hemisphere the at the and, observers of sending complicated island. geographically of this of coasts the surveys hydrographic produced and maps of November part 1767, early the of elegantly acache bearing when he returned London,in until back from short spells treaty. apart There peace he remained, the of terms the under sovereignty given been had over Britain which to Newfoundland expedition on anaval appointed surveyor addition was to toin the be navigation, cartography, and surveying in himself War, by who now had Cook, distinguished Years’ Seven the to referred as then 1763, end was to what an bringing came, peace in River. When St. Lawrence the around and in battles several in he participated where America to sent squadron North on was anaval Cook and allies respective their and France and Britain Byships. however, then erupted between had war naval therefore, London. sail Twoto east amaster, qualified, later he became years he come volunteered, to down us, has 1755, in Wapping, in Navy to join Royal the promoted he He was and well, did but north. the for that in then, no and reason south to Norway the in from Holland Sea, North the on throughout ships sailed to London. over Once Cook’s apprenticeship England he was from northeast coal company carrying old for aWhitby working went years eighteen when to he sea was 1962). (Beaglehole talent had but he Yorkshire born in certainly first He and was inexperienced fairly concerned, was Navy Royal the as far as and, not man ayoung was to Cook appoint wished to command. they that man the Cook James found in 1768, before –April is mid that order forthe Admiralty ready ship sea, the the to get

Endeavour While the issue of the ship’s destination remained unresolved, that of the that of ship’s the issue unresolved, the remained While destination more and, importantly, no commander ship had no the For being, time the costs 1768, the consent to defray given his By had late February King the s

commander was moving along swiftly. Sometime during the week after after week the during Sometime swiftly. along moving was commander , and at the relatively small size of wide 32 long size 9metres metres and small relatively at the , and . It built been had

REVISTA SCIENTIA INSULARUM, 3; 2020, PP. 27-38 29 REVISTA SCIENTIA INSULARUM, 3; 2020, PP. 27-38 30 1768, a fortnight after Cook had officially taken charge of the of charge taken officially 1768, had Cook after afortnight to command HMS to command for someone search their coincided with precisely season for ship next the surveying to his prepare not requisitions is Admiralty to happened. His the what but this maps, manuscript his thecompetentlywere engravers handling that satisfied was then, especially the weather, would equally apply weather, the to the would equally then, especially of date Wallis’s the he what as described same that so the anchorage almost was transit findabledate the of Thelocation. predicted therefore,and, perfectly a firm, precise and theMarquesas nowof by was replaced Tonga destination Society. Thevague where he anchored on 23 June 1767, for Royal the news not could better have been Tahitian, Bay in Port or he Matavai at named Royal, aplace of island, the north Hornway of Cape (Patel 2016). by home to return Hope of by spite Good way of Cape –in the instructions of his hurry and objectives surveying of his decidedto abandon apart tear, had Wallis and more any wear stand could ship his doubts serious that and crew, weakness own his 1769.words, in sometime his among illness of widespread it happened, because As London in ayear, other for in to at arrive least him not did expect Admiralty the and rectangle. of Maskelyne’s London,west oceanic within precisely Tahiti,now as know lay at 17 150 and latitude minutes 30 degrees longitude, degrees we people, which welcoming and and anchorage agood water, climate, ahealthy and food abundant had which island, this –longitude. He that reported parameters most elusive of navigational that to calculate instruments latest the equipped with and 2010). (Salmond Island’ Third’s the George excellentnavigator an ‘King was Wallis honour in sovereign, of name, he his the of to gave which civilization, and island extraordinary of an discovery his was else’s everyone and his imagination caught but voyage the what during distance the in seen been had land high that reported (Cock 1999; example followed his many and Patel 2016; 1996). Williams Wallis ‘Southernnoted term Continent’ the preferred hydrographer cartographer, to use and the Dalrymple, –Alexander southern latitudes in supposed to exist was that mass of Terrasearch intoin Pacific the to sail Incognita Australis was 1766, Dolphin of HMS August given command In been had Wallis news. believable London scarcely in with commander, arrived anaval Wallis, Samuel 1998). happened (Williams whollySociety, unexpected On May 1768, 20 something welcomedbe or attacked? ship would he the could, if And island? Rotterdam and or Amsterdam Marquesas observatory. their Would erect could they onthe able be which Cook to island find expedition’s the as an astronomer, They needed observers. were designated the appointed already had Green, Society whom Charles Royal the and Cook, heading? Pacific. the wholly with 1779, bound up February in was life murder Hawaii his in his from now until Cook intended to return to Newfoundland in the spring of spring 1768, the in to Newfoundland intendedCook once to he return Wallis’s discovery of the island and of an excellent anchorage in the very very the in anchorage excellent of an and Wallis’s of island the discovery Venus Society’s tracking interest in about Royal the nothing knew Wallis Royal the and Admiralty the in discussed were questions being these While nowIt May 1768. was The Endeavour

Endeavour . Cook never crossed the north Atlantic again. Instead, Instead, again. Atlantic north the never crossed . Cook was being prepared but prepared it where being was was Endeavour’ Endeavour , the substantial land land substantial , the s stay. On 9 June whose objective objective whose , the Council Council the , enjoyed himself as a wealthy young man about town, but his great enthusiasm was was about enthusiasm town, but great man young his awealthy as enjoyed himself into –gone law, the he or liked simply church, or City– the have done anything for passion it Banks. and with of understanding his shared and Britain in system exponents Linnaean of new the astronomer (Glyn and 2002). botanist Lyons oneCambridge of earliest was the of 1764 summer Lyons, bythe students Israel a enthusiastic to a group of sixty deliveredmoney during on botany to to present be spend, paid of at aset lectures who now had Banks, at Oxford– not subject on curriculum was the –the botany history. To in natural intensely interested in instruction of some formal get kind man. young wealthy extremely an became thus father’s and estates extensive 1764, in his inherited of age he came When Banks died. Joseph’s William father university,the at year first his During Church, Oxford. old, he at Christ enrolled years seventeen he was but When without or much success. enthusiasm dutifully studied he which literature, English Greek and Latin, in primarily acurriculum following 1743born on 13 of nine age at February the education began London. in formal His that. for responsible solely was Banks about completely be and to was expedition the redefined of The purpose 1962; (Beaglehole 1955). Cook’ Beaglehole of Captain Ship, Command under the knowledge... He... Suite... his of of with on together useful received the be board voyage... same for the Advancement the of undertaking desirous being Banks... that ‘Joseph theAdmiralty asking be would theSociety’s secretary that effect the Green’s and recorded Cook which notemeeting to asmall appointment, had also directions. unexpected in and at all no time almost it of expedition, the broadened focus in of narrow the tipping points. Instead two the first of the was story. this This rolein would not have significant played any way, this Madeira then remained expedition the Had geographic. and astronomical pinpointed. of southern sea, Maskelyne’s location in the rectangle and commissioned; been had its commander and ship the agreed; salaries their and Green, chosen been had – of mid ‘Memorial’ the since taken been had concrete decisions that important 1955). (Beaglehole there’ was she when the Dolphin of Officers the and by Wallis, Capt were taken as Harbour and Island of Views the and plans copies of presented with ‘such Cook Surveys, Admiralty the 1955). of promoted lieutenantbeen (Beaglehole rank to the To to Tahiti, him guide meantime, the in who had, Cook, to James presented instructions when their they Society’s the track ofdecision the of where toobserve reaffirmed Venus Admiralty expedition’s 1955; (Beaglehole destination 1933). Knight month, following the the In the by as Wallis discovered endorsed choice the of island the Society of Royal the

February in order to effect this astronomical expedition: the observers, Cook and Cook the observers, expedition: astronomical this order in to effect February Banks left Oxford without a degree shortly after Lyons’s after He shortly without could adegree Oxford lectures. left Banks he there became time his during and continued to attend university Banks was position? this Banks in howhimself he and did find Banks was Who Society’sCouncil minute The theRoyal of this. happened was What the Cook’s expedition to wereof Pacific aspects point, scientific the this At minute of 9 meeting Council June Society 1768Royal The the recorded

REVISTA SCIENTIA INSULARUM, 3; 2020, PP. 27-38 31 REVISTA SCIENTIA INSULARUM, 3; 2020, PP. 27-38 32 ADM2/94, 22 July 22 1768).ADM2/94, Archives, National (UK would going be addition to in eight, Banks, that stipulated now suite, they Banks’s accompanying of in seven but, instead accepted, been had 1988;(Carter 2004). Cook consideration), (a for by paid him critical all to join ship the servants, and assistants of ateam and asecretary artists, two including others, by seven accompanied minute of Banks, 7June Council to accept 1768,Society Admiralty the requested 1988). (Carter he Seas South should to go the be that authority in those Royal The convinced Banks whom Museum, British met at he the had of Admiralty, the Stephens, Philip Secretary First the with especially relationships, and negotiations 1988). (Carter join expedition and the months, by of few dint careful next the Over on 15 to try mind 1768, up King his made to the had ‘Memorial’ February Banks of the time by the certainly and about it thereafter he shortly knew that likely very to have Venus’s wished its decisions about how Society the it is observed, track not London in when, November in 1767, of Transit the Committee the recorded 1988). (Carter Labrador and from Newfoundland was he Though return his after illustrated. of which andsome to classified needed be of which all science and toof European new them many fishes– and insects birds, –plants, specimens of natural new haul substantial 1988). 1767, home Coming by way of on Lisbon January 26 a with landed Banks (Carter occasion October28 1766, met on this they that no is there evidence and on 27 harbour thesame Cook in were and Labrador. and he James Though 1766. April from 22 months of were Newfoundland Six those around spent and in duty in Newfoundland and Labrador, which Banks eagerly accepted. eagerly Labrador, and Banks which Newfoundland in duty Phipps, to join HMS invited him Lieutenant Constantine 1766, April Banks’s way in beyond Europe came old when school an friend, to botanize chance habitat. A rare their in specimens living collecting and observing on 1May 1766, Society Fellow of Royal twenty-three. the aged a elected he was friendships, and contacts new his through and himself, like others with acquainted became Banks there, he was While studied. be could history natural texts. and botany, illustrations helped herbaria, by its world–famous of into study the 1764,a reader’s himself on 3August ticket he there threw and Sloane’s Sir Hans with at he Museum, itsBritish core, to obtained collection which he he moved could newly-opened by soon close the as to Bloomsbury As for plants. On 22 July the Admiralty informed Cook that the Royal Society’s request Royal the that Cook informed On July Admiralty 22 the on 12 1767meeting February Society Royal shortly first his attended Banks The The went out about and botanizing, Banks naturalist, enthusiastic every Like London only public in the where space was Museum British the time, that At Niger , with Banks aboard, was away from England for months, nine away from England was aboard, Banks , with

Niger bound for fisheries fisheries for bound –‘such a Collection...as almost frighten me’ Banks remarked (Chambers 2008– (Chambers remarked me’ Banks frighten –‘such almost aCollection...as on board taking was Banks book-shelving and that of cases huge quantity the was History, not nor of did Natural mentionfor more purpose the elegantly’. Ellis What or,specimens; Ellis’s ‘No in words– people own fitted out went ever better to Sea history natural and preserve collect to the tools of all necessary and library fine a with –equipped, well were very they that added Ellis Seas. South to the man, wealthy avery whom as he described Joseph Banks, Solander, accompanying was student,19 Daniel 1768). his that August was to Linnaeus message Ellis’s main Correspondence, 1988; (Carter Society, voyage Linnean forthcoming Linnean the about him 1764, since telling Banks wrote to Linnaeus London known who had and scientific credentials. highest the expedition the giving on board, Society of Royal fellows the now two role. botany,also There were aleading had but particular now, history, in and natural expedition thefrom flow would hopefully that geography astronomy in and advances help. forwasn’tIt financial King petitioned the whenSociety’s they mind just addition voyage. to the world the in a key of He morebotany, was the famous. who was Solander it was Museum’s British Society, the Room, in but and Royal the in Reading known well 1768). 1December and havemay been Banks his leave absence. to of agreed They 1995, Tingbrand and (Duyker for Museum the to collect him 24 Juneallow 1768 would unique opportunity this about them that Banks’s offer. added Solander telling notdid hesitate. you’, ‘I to with go want he exclaimed. to me!’.and benefitpleasure replied, ‘Someone you wouldaconstant be Solander like Banks acompanion to he join wanted if him. Banks asked and feet jumped to his topic the that friend, of Endeavour the home at the of amutual were later dining when they days several It was remarked. mission’, later unparalleled encountered be ambitious and might on Banks an such which history natural of part every information with on me furnish offered to to join Endeavour the planning that was he Solander in 1784). confided Banks therefore, that It not is surprising, 2007, from Chambers taken 16 is following the (this and November collected been had that plants the catalogue helped Solander him when he and returned, voyage the for Newfoundland whereBanks it Lyons had off. left prepared Solander had 1998). (Duyker Society a Fellow made London of Royal in the was Solander arriving after Ayear collections. Museum’s the history natural on cataloguing working busily was teacher’s his of to classification, expound system new John Ellis, botanist favourite student, who, 1763, by in the especially invited to been England, had Solander, Daniel and Linnaeus’s riches, best Museum’sBritish history natural person? eighth Who was the John Ellis, the botanist who had been instrumental in inviting Solander to Solander inviting in instrumental been who had botanist the John Ellis, the Royal in been had fromwhat expedition now different was quite a This On 24 June 1768 Trustees wrote to the Museum Solander of British the Ten Banks’s senior, years took education Solander over latter’s the botanical the in himself immersed Room where Banks Reading from the Not far –he was ‘very excited by my plans, and immediately immediately and excited by ‘very my plans, was –he came up and, according to Banks, Solander Solander to Banks, according up and, came

REVISTA SCIENTIA INSULARUM, 3; 2020, PP. 27-38 33 REVISTA SCIENTIA INSULARUM, 3; 2020, PP. 27-38 34 physician, (Heberden who proved 1990). more useful Heberden, on been who had but Thomas Heberden, itthe accepted– resident was they house, which his Solander and 1962). (Beaglehole 5 kilometres Banks offered generous also –he was Cheap not did of not exceed collection it intensive radius were was the used, since these butif guides and and Solander horses Banks offered on island, the consul English 1768).December and Cheap,merchant export a Thomas wine prominent Madeira 1962; 50 (Beaglehole or were species 60 1995, new these Tingbrand and Duyker 1 of that to Linnaeus reported –Solander collected been had were cultivated, which days’ end by yet stay, five the ofto their collect many of of species plants, over300 1784).’ (Parkinson garden beautiful, extended, of year the time not It best the was wide,one like fruit-trees, other fine it appears many and citrons, oranges, vines, covered with being and, tops of mountains; very the to‘yet the it cultivated is to include plants. practices their extend could they time, 2008-2014, (Chambers way southward 1768). 1December Now, for first the and slowly its had ship made the as drawing Sydney Parkinson and collecting begun already had Solander and Banks ships. merchant several and America, way to North to HMS next planned, as semi-protected Funchal’s anchor in harbour Sloane and on which Solander was working (Carter 1988). (Carter working was Solander onSloane and which belonged to had that herbarium Museum’s British the the essentially herbarium, they were representedas in flora of island’s the examples with himself acquainting shape. excellent in crew the and kind was out, weather it the turned As entirely his. decision supplieslocation for was –the wine for steer Cook another have made easily could weather, or suddenillnesses shipboard or inclement winds, stone: in set is contrary nothing concerned, is aship Where Tenerife have been ships. merchant and easily for it other as just naval could was as butreasonable, was it destination first supplies, the its choice way of as the vital in Plymouth for PacificOcean. left the to Madeira, been already had had already been to the Pacific on the two previous voyages of HMS twovoyages previous the Pacific to the been on already had Endeavour the on25 August, Conveniently of [Ship’s] stow the for use the 1955). (Beaglehole company’ so, And you of Wine can as ordered aQuantity such onwhere to board was ‘take Cook Madeira, your way thither’. orwas in at Isles, both stop though first The Falkland in or at Port of Brazil, to Egmont ‘You touch upon Coast remarked, the at Liberty are by Horn. way of Cape way, On PortHarbour the Royal of Admiralty the Lords the your writings’. to you and owing is ‘All this that by saying to concluded Linnaeus letter his Ellis 2008-2014, (Chambers instruments 18 1768).mathematical August Deferentially, and to up maps next jammed paper of drawing sheets and hooks, and nets presses, andin bottles in cabin, specimens great ‘scientific his gentlemen’ sharing be would 2014, 1768). 16 August suite were to Cook’s. The given rooms his next and Banks ‘This country is very mountainous’, is very his journal, in notedcountry Sydney Parkinson ‘This On 12 August 1768,On 12 August HMS at evening, about the ten in he would have about begun stop Madeira, the in learned Banks soon as As Cook to offer had Now Madeira second tipping what point. the Considering On 30 July 1768, Cook received his instructions. He was to take the ship to ship the On to July 30 take 1768, He was instructions. his received Cook , with almost one men ten hundred of on whom almost board, with ,

Endeavour

Dolphin

Rose , came to , came , on its , and , and which Joseph Banks provided for him, transferring Sloane’s from his provided annotations, for transferring him, Josephwhich Banks volumes of copy Sloane’s of Sloane’s aclean used Solander herbarium, A 1763. March early do soon after To few of first the produce help acatalogue him 2018). (Rose system to newer Linnaean tobegan the Solander it according This Solander’s to it John to and reclassify Ray’s was according system task organized Delbourgo 2017). published 1707 in al 2010; et al. et de Sequeira (Menezes Francisco-Ortega 1696 travels, his two other,of –volume the and narrative his morein significantly, in once twooccasions, he which recorded collection on asignificant made and Islands into Madeira’s botany, Sloane’s but of it presence rather Hans the is Voyage the to of researches history the of understanding for our significant is book that of this of second edition of the Species Plantarum 1988; (Carter deduced 1983). Carr a copy was there it no and is surprise, course, Of but Unfortunately, of have been about them of titles, him. the seventy no is list there al et Ortega al et Francisco-Ortega found be in can of voyage the aspect of this discussion (a to preserve and fuller to draw name, possible, if alocal and, aLinnaean with classify, and describe to collect, namely expedition: the throughout intended to they use successful, if which, out were ablea system they to try time manner. this excelsa Heberdenia to as 1995,Tingbrand 1768). 1December referred Solander aplant One which of these, 2018; of some (Rose of specimens produce the and colour drawings and Duyker to classify Spöring) Herman and Buchan them, Alexander accompanying naturalists artists/ other by two the (and also perhaps Parkinson and Solander by Banks, de Janeiro on 18 for Rio sail September 1768. set They that. all as into it great not account, supply is another as taken is of wine from distant and at sea expected of time length the and once number the of drinkers excessive may but sound This wine. Madeira 14,000 of finest the litres almost and correspondents London. to in their known 1768).1 December appreciation their help made of Solander his and Banks Both 1995, Tingbrand and (Duyker ‘the he to referred oracle him of Island’,caché, as the much him gave connections Society Royal communicative’, his ‘very and that and 1750s the in 1760s. naturalist and accomplished avery he was thought Solander Society’s PhilosophicaltheRoyal in Transactionspapers scientific published of his several had he since had about him would have Solander known and Banks Both in Society 1761.theRoyal to elected been andbenthad scientific adistinct had on Tenerife spent years seven also (he had before that), years for twenty island the , Madera Sloane’s plant collection (as well as those of others Sloane acquired) was Sloane’s was of Sloane others acquired) those (as as plant collection well 1687 in days for Caribbean way to afew on the Madeira in his Sloane was with alibrary had Banks pointed to Linnaeus, letter out his John in Ellis As first the was it suitebecause theBanksian to significant was Madeira two usedmonths) the(itAtlantic almost was time cross to tookThe to water, leave. ready He with ship loaded the was Cook onions beef and . 2015b). way too. another in important was But Madeira , etc ., which requires amoment., requires which of reflection. , in the family Primulaceae, was certainly completed in certainly was Primulaceae, family the , in . It not, is however, on presence the board . 2015a Francisco- and Voyage . 2010; ,

REVISTA SCIENTIA INSULARUM, 3; 2020, PP. 27-38 35 REVISTA SCIENTIA INSULARUM, 3; 2020, PP. 27-38 36 mostly from the 1762-3 from the mostly edition of Species Plantarum names Linnaean the adding and Museum, to the bequeathed he had copy that own plants, now revised for the new botanical age. botanical for new the nowplants, revised published description first Madeiran of the founder with Museum, of British the Linnaeus’s Sloane, the student, holding Banks’s copy by of Hans abook written September in 1768.Madeira moment. It aspecial must have been Solander, Sloane’s Sloane’s A Voyage A , annotated and revised by Solander, brought to revised was and , annotated Recibido : marzo de 2019; de aceptado : marzo . : mayo de 2019 de : mayo Francisco-Ortega Francisco-Ortega Francisco-Ortega Duyker Duyker Delbourgo Cook Knight Cock Chambers Chambers Carter Carter Heberden Glyn Carr Beaglehole Beaglehole Beaglehole , L.B. 2002. Israel Lyons: a short but starry career: the life of an eighteenth-century Jewish Jewish eighteenth-century of an life the career: but starry ashort Lyons: Israel 2002. , L.B. , D.J. 1983. The books that sailed with the Endeavour with sailed , D.J. that 1983. books The , R. 1999. Precursors of Cook: the voyages of the Dolphin of the voyages the of Cook: 1999., R. Precursors Captain Cook: Explora (ed). Cook: G. Captain Williams, In: Society. Royal the and Cook James 2004. , A. , H.B. 1995. The Royal Society and the voyage of HMS Endeavour HMS of the voyage and Society 1995. , H.B. Royal The 1743-1820 Banks 1988. Joseph , H.B. Sir , C. 1933. Endeavour , C. Bark H.M. , E. and Tingbrand and , E. 1733-1782 Solander Daniel 1998. Argonaut: Nature’s , E. trations of the Macaronesian flora: an introduction to pre-19introduction an flora: Macaronesian of the trations Santiago 357-410. 27: Ciencias de Canaria Academia la de Revista introduction. an Macaronesia: Duarte and L. tics: The Branching ofParadigm a Branching The tics: S. Knapp, (eds). Beyondand Cladis M. D. Williams, In: Darwin. to from Sloane flora: and M. Oslo: Scandinavian University Press 466 pp. 466 Press University Scandinavian Oslo: sity Publishing 338 pp. Publishing sity tions and Reassessments 85: 30-52. 85: nical Magazine Pickering and Chatto 608 pp. 608 Chatto and Pickering pp. 3088 Chatto 49: 245-260. London of Society Royal the of Records 56: 275-305. 56: London of Society Royal the of Records and Notes astronomer. and botanist 43: 219-308. Press 760 pp. Press pp. 882 Robertson Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 684 pp. 684 Press University Cambridge Cambridge: , E. 1990. Thomas Heberden 1703-1769: surgeon, physician and naturalist. Curtis’s Bota naturalist. Heberden and 1990.1703-1769: Thomas , E. physician surgeon, , N. (ed.). 2008-2014. Banks Joseph Sir of Correspondence , N. (ed.). 2007.Scientific The , J. 2017. The Life of Captain James Cook 1974., J.C. James Captain of Life The Volume 1, Discovery. of his on Voyages Cook James Captain 1955., J.C. of Journals The The Endeavour Journal of Joseph Banks Banks 1768-1771of Joseph Journal , J.C. 1962.Endeavour The Maunder - Valentín , J., Santos-Guerra , J., Santos-Guerra , J., Santos-Guerra Collecting the World: The Life and Curiosity of Hans Sloane of Hans Curiosity and Life The World: the Collecting 7: 131-133. , M.C. 2015a. The botany of the three voyages of Captain James Cook in Cook James Captain of voyages three the 2015a., M.C. of botany The , M. 2010. Early British collectors and observers of the Macaronesian Macaronesian of the observers and collectors 2010. British , M. Early , P. (eds.). 1995. 1753-1782 Correspondence Collected Daniel Solander: , E., Carine , E., , Suffok, UK: Boydell Press, pp. 37-55. Press, Boydell UK: , Suffok, London: London: Banks. Joseph Sir of Correspondence Pacific and Indian The REFERENCES . Mariner’s Mirror , A., Jarvis , A., , A., Romeiras , A., , A., Sánchez-Pinto , A., . California: University of California Press, pp. 125-144. Press, of California University . California: , M. and Romeiras and , M. . British Museum (Natural History) 671 pp. History) (Natural Museum . British , C.E., Carine , C.E., . Stanford California: Stanford University University Stanford California: . Stanford , M.M., Carine , M.M., 19: 292-302. 19: . Endeavour , M.M. 2015b. Early scientific illus 2015b., M.M. scientific Early , L., Duarte , L., Mirror Mariner’s The 1764-1768. , . Melbourne: Melbourne Univer Melbourne . Melbourne: Menezes de Sequeira Menezes , M.A., th 7: 194-201. 7: century artworks. Vieraea artworks. century , M.A., Sánchez-Pinto , M.A., . London: Pickering and and Pickering . London: Notes and and Notes 1768-1771. . UK: Penguin 488 pp. 488 Penguin . UK: . Sydney: Angus and and Angus . Sydney: , M.C., Rouhan , M.C., , G., , G., - - - - - , , .

REVISTA SCIENTIA INSULARUM, 3; 2020, PP. 27-38 37 REVISTA SCIENTIA INSULARUM, 3; 2020, PP. 27-38 38 Menezes de Sequeira Menezes Wulf Woolf Williams Patel Rose Parkinson Williams Salmond , E.D. 2018. Specimens, slips and systems: Daniel Solander and the classification of nature at the the at nature of classification the and Solander Daniel systems: and slips 2018., E.D. Specimens, Chasing Venus: The Race to Measure the Heavens the to Measure Race The Venus: 2012. Chasing , A. Accounts. Rediscovered Century: Eighteenth the in Seas (ed.). South , S. the of 2016 Exploration The Transits of Venus: A Study of Eighteenth-Century Science 1959., H. Eighteenth-Century of Study A of The Venus: Transits University Press 258 pp. Press University der Suffok, UK: Boydell Press pp. 3-18. pp. Press Boydell UK: Suffok, Pacific. the in Exploration and Sloane in 1687, and his descriptions. Taxon 1687, in Sloane descriptions. his and Pacific exploration in the eighteenth century. Mariner’scentury. Mirror eighteenth the in exploration Pacific don: Charles Dilley 212 pp. Dilley Charles don: 850 pp. Routledge 51: 205-237. 51: Science of History the for 1753-1768. museum, public world’s Journal first British , A. 2010., A. Island Aphrodite’s , G. 1998., G. Endeavour The , G. 1996. “To Make Discoveries of Countries Hitherto Unknown”: the Admiralty and and Admiralty Unknown”: the Hitherto of Countries 1996., G. “ToDiscoveries Make A Journal of a Voyage to the South Seas, In His Majesty’s Ship Endeavour Ship In Majesty’s His Seas, South the to aVoyage of 1784., S. AJournal , M. and Francisco-Ortega and , M. , M., Santos-Guerra , M., voyage: a coincidence of motives. In: Lincoln, M. (ed). M. Science Lincoln, In: of motives. acoincidence voyage: . California: University of California Press 544 pp. 544 Press of California University . California: , J. 2010. The Madeiran plants collected by Sir Hans Hans by Sir collected plants , J. 2010.Madeiran The , A., , A., Jarvis 59: 598-612. 59: , C.E., Oberli , C.E., . London: William Heinemann 336 pp. Heinemann William . London: , A., , A., 82: 14-27. 82: Carine . Princeton: Princeton Princeton Princeton: . , M.A., Maun , M.A., . Lon . - -