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Major Project Major Project En undersökning av den tidiga housekulturen jämfört med den digitaliserade scenen av idag Vilken inverkan har den digitala eran haft på housekultur? av Sebastian Norgren Studentnummer 21-10655 BAP116 SAE Stockholm Ordräkning: 15 473 Datum: 13 januari 2017 Deklaration: Jag försäkrar härmed att jag skrev denna avhandling på egen hand utan hjälp ifrån någon annan än de nämnda källor, verktyg och förklaringar som jag kopierade direkt eller i deras mening är märkta som sådana, samt att avhandlingen ännu inte har varit inlämnad i varken denna eller liknande form vid någon annan bemyndigad kommission. Sebastian Norgren 2017-01-13, Stockholm II Abstrakt Nedan följer en analys kring tidig housekultur, hur den har förändrats genom digitalisering och vad detta resulterat i. Det har skapats utifrån studier av litteratur, tidningsartiklar, radio- och film- dokumentärer, personliga intervjuer och utförandet av tre olika klubbevent kring temat. Resultatet presenteras i skriftlig form genom denna uppsats och min plan är att framöver även presentera det i form av en ljudfil genom en timmes lång podcast. III Innehållsförteckning 1. Introduktion 1-4 2. En undersökning av housekulturens tidiga rörelse 4 2.1 Innan house var det disco 4-7 2.2 House föds 7 2.3 Chicago 7-10 2.4 New York 10-11 2.5 New Jersey 11-12 2.6 Storbritannien 12-14 2.7 Ibiza 15-17 2.8 Sammanfattning av housekulturens uppkomst 17-20 3. En analys av olika delar av tidig housekultur och hur den har förändrats genom digitalisering 20 3.1 Musiken med produktionen 20-26 3.2 Discjockeyn med dansgolvet 26-33 4. Skapade events 34-35 4.1 Genomförandet med resultat och reflektioner 35-42 5. En analys av hur internet har förändrat housekultur 42-48 6. Reflektioner kring resultat av digitalisering 48-51 6.1 Effekten av den hårda konkurrenssen skapad av digitalisering 51-52 6.3 Demokratisk process 52-53 7. Sammanfattning 53-58 8. Referenser/ Illustrationer/ Diskografi/ Appendix 59-69 IV 1. Introduktion Vad digitaliseringen har inneburit för musik och kultur är något som intresserat mig mycket de senaste åren. Eftersom digitaliseringen har förändrat så många sidor av musikkultur så pass snabbt är det ett omfattande ämne. Därför valde jag att koncentrera mig enbart på housekultur för att kunna föra en lite djupare analys inom ramen av denna uppgift. Ett annat skäl är att jag själv har levt i och arbetat med den här kulturen under två årtionden. Senaste åren har det dock varit en mindre viktig beståndsdel av mitt liv. Delvis beror det på att jag fick en dotter för 2 år sedan och delvis för att mitt leverne hade skapat en beroendeproblematik som gjorde att jag behövde sluta att dricka alkohol helt och hållet för 6 år sedan. Men också för att kulturen med musiken inte har känts lika spännande och djupgående som den gjorde innan det digitala tog över alla aspekter. Det är delar ifrån tiden innan som jag saknar mycket. Som att gå till skivbutiken varje vecka för få ta del av de limiterade nysläppta låtarna på vinyl som man annars kunde mista sin chans till, men även för den sociala biten där man på plats fick umgås med andra människor med samma passion. Att samla musik har varit mitt största intresse sedan barnsben och har varit en stor del av min naturliga dragkraft för discjockey-kulturen. Idag med alla digitala releaser tillgängliga under obegränsad tid på internet har den delen blivit mindre betydelsefull. Att gå på houseklubb innebar för mig att totalt förlora mig själv i musiken tillsammans med andra, tillfälligt kunna glömma vardagliga bekymmer och ifrån det känna mig stärkt. Att förlora sig själv på dansgolvet har försvårats avsevärt genom användandet av smartphones, folks ambitioner att konstant filma och fotografera för att dokumentera för omvärlden utanför genom social media. Vidare har social media, som jag personligen har haft ett starkt motstånd till sedan dess uppkomst, blivit något som ses som en nödvändig ingrediens inom housekultur, som diskuteras mer nedan. Att vara delaktig inom en scen som har växt så mycket i popularitet globalt samtidigt som den nya teknologin har underlättat avsevärt för producent och underhållare innebär det också att konkurrensen har ökat. Det i sin tur innebär att man behöver vara delaktig i ett klimat där alla strävar efter att bli hörd. Därigenom har individ ersatt kollektiv. Den kollektiva känslan som var ett annat stort skäl för min kärlek för House. !1 Samtidigt så gillar jag som musiksamlare att lätt kunna få tag på bra musik, både av idag och ifrån historien. Möjligheterna till kreativitet med digitalt DJ:ande, där man kan editera en låt live och nu kan ha med sig en hel IKEA hylla med musik på en liten USB sticka till en spelning är fantastiskt. Ljudet ifrån en WAV, AIFF fil jämfört med 12” vinyl kan många gånger vara att föredra. Dåliga vinyl-pressar är inget problem längre. Globaliseringen som internet har skapat har också sina fördelar. Att kunna ta del av andras passion och ha kontakt med dem även fast de bor i en helt annan del av världen, som Sydafrika till exempel, kan föda inspiration. Så som med de flesta stora förändringar i livet så är det inte enbart negativt eller positivt. Det är dessutom många olika aspekter av digitalisering som kan påverka olika folk på olika sätt även fast den har påverkat alla. Därför vill jag analysera detta fenomen från olika vinklar från olika människors syn för att finna en röd tråd och kanske komma lite närmare en sanning. Det är inte bara ett intressant ämne att studera. I en värld som jagar på i ett allt snabbare tempo så känns det också nödvändigt att stanna upp och analysera hur all ny teknologi påverkar samhället i stort och även människans psyke. Förutom att tjäna pengar på oss, så har den nya tekniken som syfte att hjälpa oss på traven i vårt skapande, möjliggöra för fler att kunna delta och ge oss en större upplevelse. Men vi anammar ofta nya tekniska utvecklingar på grund av rädslor som att inte halka efter i konkurrensen eller att hamna utanför gruppen utan att ta tiden att reflektera över varför och om det verkligen gynnar kultur och kreativitet i sin helhet. Nicholas Carr är en erfaren och erkänd forskare och författare kring relationen mellan människa och dator. I hans bok ’The Shallows’, som blev finalist i Pulitzer Prize 2011 för allmän facklitteratur, står det att finna: ”The intellectual ethic of a technology is rarely recognized by its inventors. They are usually so intent on solving a particular problem or untangling some thorny scientific or engineering dilemma that they don’t see the broader implications of their work.” (Carr, 2011, s. 45) !2 Med det i åtanke så är det ett viktigt ämne även för personen utan intresse för House. Digitaliseringen, med framförallt internet, har radikalt förändrat omvärlden med hur vi erfar och relaterar till vår omgivning. Mitt mål var att spendera halva tiden dedikerat för det här projektet på att producera en radiodokumentär. Eftersom ämnet var mycket mer tidskrävande än vad jag hade räknat med, i form av att finna en röd tråd i den stora del av House-historia som är extremt partisk, tidskonsumtionen med att skapa och genomföra events med intervjuer och sedan att studera ny abstrakt forskning som finns kring effekter av digitalisering, har jag inte kunnat slutöra radiodokumentären inom tidsramen för inlämning. Detta är dock något jag ser fram emot att fortsätta med snarast eftersom jag har lyckats samla på mig mycket intressant material just för det och för att det förmodligen är ett format som gör det lättare för fler personer att ta till sig. Genom att studerat skapande av radiodokumentärer i samband med det här har det även öppnat ett nytt intresse hos mig som jag vill lära mig mer av. För projektet har jag genomfört längre intervjuer med fem olika personer inspelat och sparat ifrån mikrofon och två via email. Professionella personer, på det sättet att de har livnärt sig på House största delen av sitt vuxna liv, har fått säga sitt inom ämnet. Dessutom har jag producerat tre olika House-events under den här tiden med viktiga element ifrån historien inkluderade. Den mest relevanta av dessa intervjupersoner var Boo Williams, vars riktiga namn är Willie Griffin ifrån Chicago, som flögs över för en DJ-spelning på det sista eventet. Hans relevans grundar sig i att han var delaktig inom housekulturen när den växte fram i början på 80-talet och har konstant varit aktiv och framstående som DJ och producent sedan dess upp till idag. I intervjun som vi genomförde hemma hos mig fredag den 16 december förklarar han… ”What’s happening right now is totally different. Sometimes it’s hard to put this in words because from a person that started it and seeing how it is now, it’s almost like a disappointment to me. But I guess with the evolution of time things are just moving and it’s moving fast. You can’t go back to the old yesterday, it’s hard for that to happen. But one thing I can hold on to is the memories.” (Williams, 2016) !3 Låt oss därför börja med att grundligt undersöka housekulturens uppkomst. Fig. 2. Dansgolvet på Paradise Garage i New York under 80-talet. (Finlayson, 2012) 2. En undersökning av housemusikens tidiga rörelse Som med de flesta stilarna, eller genres av musik, är det en naturlig vidareutveckling ifrån någonting annat. Inom House fanns det en uppenbar och direkt relation till discomusiken och diskoteket. Därför behöver vi börja med att undersöka tiden innan och dess orsaker som ledde fram till House.
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