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Samfélagsábyrgð Íslensku Viðskiptabankanna Fyrir Og Eftir Hrun

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Samfélagsábyrgð Íslensku Viðskiptabankanna Fyrir Og Eftir Hrun FÉLAGSVÍSINDASVIÐ SAMFÉLAGSÁBYRGÐ ÍSLENSKU VIÐSKIPTABANKANNA FYRIR OG EFTIR HRUN Ritgerð til BA gráðu í HHS Ásthildur Lísa Guðmundsdóttir Leiðbeinandi: Dr. Auður H. Ingólfsdóttir Haustmisseri 2017 Staðfesting á lokaverkefni til BA-gráðu í heimspeki, hagfræði og stjórnmálafræði Lokaverkefnið SAMFÉLAGSÁBYRGÐ ÍSLENSKU VIÐSKIPTABANKANNA FYRIR OG EFTIR HRUN Eftir Ásthildi Lísu Guðmundsdóttur kt. 200176-5109 Verkefnið hefur verið metið samkvæmt reglum og kröfum Háskólans á Bifröst og hefur hlotið lokaeinkunnina ______ _______________________________ Háskólinn á Bifröst _______________________________ Leiðbeinandi ________________________________ Sviðsstjóri félagsvísindasviðs FÉLAGSVÍSINDASVIÐ SAMFÉLAGSÁBYRGÐ ÍSLENSKU VIÐSKIPTABANKANNA FYRIR OG EFTIR HRUN Ritgerð til BA gráðu í HHS Ásthildur Lísa Guðmundsdóttir Leiðbeinandi: Dr. Auður H. Ingólfsdóttir Haustmisseri 2017 _________________ i Ágrip Samfélagsábyrgð fyrirtækja (e. Corporate Social Responsibility) er regnhlífarhugtak sem spannar hin ýmsu svið tengd samfélagi og umhverfi fyrirtækja. Í kjölfar efnahagshrunsins hefur gætt aukins þrýstings á að fyrirtæki axli ábyrgð á þeim áhrifum sem starfsemi þeirra kann að hafa á samfélagið og umhverfið. Sama hefur verið upp á teningnum á Íslandi, þar sem háværar kröfur hafa verið um að íslensku viðskiptabankarnir skuli axla aukna ábyrgð. Markmiðið með þessari rannsókn var að skoða hvernig stefnur og markmið í samfélagslegri ábyrgð íslensku viðskiptabankanna þriggja birtust fyrir og eftir hrun. Gögnin voru unnin úr árskýrslum og öðru efni tengt samfélagsábyrgð frá Landsbanka, Íslandsbanka (Glitnir) og Arion banka (Kaupþing) fyrir og eftir hrun. Til að meta stefnur og skýrslugerð bankana í samfélagsábyrgð var stuðst við greiningarramma þar sem árin 2007 og 2015 voru borin saman. Einnig var efnahagshrunið 2008 skoðað, sem og hluti afleiðinga þess. Helstu niðurstöður gefa til kynna að áherslubreyting á samfélagsábyrgð hafi átt sér stað í kjölfar hrunsins hjá bönkunum þremur. Það sem kom einna helst á óvart var að stefnumörkun í samfélagsábyrgð var til staðar fyrir hrun. Við nánari skoðun virðast það þó hafa verið innantómar yfirlýsingar enda fylgdu þeim engar nánari útfærslur. Fyrir hrun voru bankarnir að skapa ímynd sína á alþjóðamörkuðum en eftir hrun hafa þeir þurft að vinna upp það traustið sem hafði horfið með hruninu. Bankarnir eru mislangt á veg komnir í innleiðingu á samfélagsábyrgð en eru nú allir farnir að vinna eftir ákveðnum alþjóðlegum viðmiðum. ii Abstract The umbrella concept Corporate Social Responsibility or CSR covers various aspects related to the community and the environment of businesses. In wake of the financial crisis in 2008, pressure has increased on businesses to assume their responsibility regarding the influence they might have on both society and nature. In that regard Iceland is no exception where demand for the Icelandic banks to own up to their responsibilities has increased. The purpose of this analysis was to look into how CSR policies and goals are manifested by the banks before and after their collapse in 2008. The data that was used was found in annual reports and other material related to CSR, published by Landsbanki, Islandsbanki (Glitnir) and Arion banki (Kaupþing) before and after the crisis. To evaluate their CSR policies and reporting An Evaluation Framework for CSR reporting was used to compare the years 2007 and 2015. A short introduction on the bank crisis in 2008 is given along with a fraction of its consequences. One of the main conclusions was that there has been a change in emphasis on CSR amongst all three banks after the crisis. It was surprising to see that the banks had CSR policies before the crisis. When taking a closer look then it seems were just hollow promises. Even though the banks are in different stages of implementing CSR they have all started to use some international guidelines as a tool. iii Formáli Lokaverkefni þetta er til BA gráðu í heimspeki, hagfræði og stjórnmálafræði (HHS) við Háskólann á Bifröst og er til 14 ECTS eininga. Verkefnið var unnið á tímabilinu ágúst til nóvember 2017 og ber titilinn Samfélagsábyrgð íslensku viðskiptabankanna fyrir og eftir hrun. Mikil vitundarvakning hefur átt sér stað á málefnum samfélagslegrar ábyrgðar í alþjóðasamfélaginu í kjölfar efnahagshrunsins árið 2008. Þar sem viðskiptabankar teljast til grunnstoða samfélagsins þá þurfa þeir fyrst og fremst að njóta trausts samfélagsins. Traust íslensku bankanna hrundi á svo til einni nóttu og bankarnir þurftu að bregðast við, til að geta starfað áfram í erfiðu og breyttu umhverfi. Með innleiðingu samfélagsábyrgðar fyrirtækja er vel mögulegt að vinna traust samfélagsins en til þess þarf aðhald og eftirfylgni sem samfélagsábyrgð fyrirtækja veitir, þar sem orðum þurfa að fylgja efndir. Vil ég færa leiðbeinanda mínum Dr. Auði H. Ingólfsdóttur mínar bestu þakkir fyrir ómælda þolinmæði og styrka og uppbyggjandi leiðsögn við vinnslu þessa verkefnis. Elskulegum sambýlismanni mínum vil ég þakka sérstaklega fyrir óbilandi hvatningu, þolinmæði, ábendingar og yfirlestur á meðan vinna þessi fór fram. Stefán Georgsson fær einnig mínar bestu þakkir fyrir veitta aðstoð og yfirlestur. Jafnframt eiga börnin mín bestu þakkir skilið fyrir að þola andlega fjarverandi móður sína. Reykjavík 4. desember 2017 Ásthildur Lísa Guðmundsdóttir iv Efnisyfirlit ÁGRIP .................................................................................................................................................... II ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................................... III FORMÁLI ............................................................................................................................................ IV TÖFLUSKRÁ ..................................................................................................................................... VII MYNDASKRÁ .................................................................................................................................... VII 1 INNGANGUR .................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 EFNISVAL OG RANNSÓKNARSPURNING ......................................................................................... 1 1.2 AÐFERÐAFRÆÐI ............................................................................................................................. 2 FRÆÐILEGUR HLUTI: ................................................................................................................................. 2 GREINING GAGNA:..................................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 UPPBYGGING .................................................................................................................................. 3 2 SAMFÉLAGSÁBYRGÐ FYRIRTÆKJA ..................................................................................... 3 2.1 GRUNNSKILGREININGAR ............................................................................................................... 3 2.1.1 SKILGREINING EVRÓPUSAMBANDSINS ......................................................................................... 4 2.1.2 ÝMIS HUGTÖK OG SAMEIGINLEG EINKENNI SÁF .......................................................................... 5 2.2 VERKFÆRI SÁF ............................................................................................................................. 7 2.2.1 ISO 26000 ................................................................................................................................... 7 2.2.2 UN GLOBAL COMPACT ................................................................................................................ 8 2.2.3 GLOBAL REPORTING INITIATIVE .................................................................................................. 9 2.3 KENNINGAR ................................................................................................................................. 10 2.3.1 HAGHAFAKENNINGIN ................................................................................................................. 10 2.3.2 HLUTHAFAKENNINGIN ............................................................................................................... 12 2.3.3 PÍRAMÍDI CARROLL.................................................................................................................... 14 2.4 SAMFÉLAGSÁBYRGÐ Á ÍSLANDI .................................................................................................. 16 2.4.1 FESTA ........................................................................................................................................ 17 2.4.2 ÍSLENSK FYRIRTÆKI OG VERKFÆRI SÁF .................................................................................... 17 3 VIÐSKIPTABANKARNIR ÞRÍR OG HRUNIÐ ........................................................................ 18 3.1 SAGA BANKANNA ......................................................................................................................... 19 3.2 KREPPUR OG BANKAHRUN .......................................................................................................... 21 3.2.1 ALÞJÓÐA FJÁRMÁLAMARKAÐIR Í KRÍSU ..................................................................................... 21 3.2.2 BANKAHRUNIÐ Á ÍSLANDI 2008 ................................................................................................
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