Agile Cryptography About & Beyond PKI
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Mihir Bellare Curriculum Vitae Contents
Mihir Bellare Curriculum vitae August 2018 Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Mail Code 0404 University of California at San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0404, USA. Phone: (858) 534-4544 ; E-mail: [email protected] Web Page: http://cseweb.ucsd.edu/~mihir Contents 1 Research areas 2 2 Education 2 3 Distinctions and Awards 2 4 Impact 3 5 Grants 4 6 Professional Activities 5 7 Industrial relations 5 8 Work Experience 5 9 Teaching 6 10 Publications 6 11 Mentoring 19 12 Personal Information 21 2 1 Research areas ∗ Cryptography and security: Provable security; authentication; key distribution; signatures; encryp- tion; protocols. ∗ Complexity theory: Interactive and probabilistically checkable proofs; approximability ; complexity of zero-knowledge; randomness in protocols and algorithms; computational learning theory. 2 Education ∗ Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Ph.D in Computer Science, September 1991. Thesis title: Randomness in Interactive Proofs. Thesis supervisor: Prof. S. Micali. ∗ Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Masters in Computer Science, September 1988. Thesis title: A Signature Scheme Based on Trapdoor Permutations. Thesis supervisor: Prof. S. Micali. ∗ California Institute of Technology. B.S. with honors, June 1986. Subject: Mathematics. GPA 4.0. Class rank 4 out of 227. Summer Undergraduate Research Fellow 1984 and 1985. ∗ Ecole Active Bilingue, Paris, France. Baccalauréat Série C, June 1981. 3 Distinctions and Awards ∗ PET (Privacy Enhancing Technologies) Award 2015 for publication [154]. ∗ Fellow of the ACM (Association for Computing Machinery), 2014. ∗ ACM Paris Kanellakis Theory and Practice Award 2009. ∗ RSA Conference Award in Mathematics, 2003. ∗ David and Lucille Packard Foundation Fellowship in Science and Engineering, 1996. (Twenty awarded annually in all of Science and Engineering.) ∗ Test of Time Award, ACM CCS 2011, given for [81] as best paper from ten years prior. -
Cryptography
56 Protecting Information With Cryptography Chapter by Peter Reiher (UCLA) 56.1 Introduction In previous chapters, we’ve discussed clarifying your security goals, determining your security policies, using authentication mechanisms to identify principals, and using access control mechanisms to enforce poli- cies concerning which principals can access which computer resources in which ways. While we identified a number of shortcomings and prob- lems inherent in all of these elements of securing your system, if we re- gard those topics as covered, what’s left for the operating system to worry about, from a security perspective? Why isn’t that everything? There are a number of reasons why we need more. Of particular im- portance: not everything is controlled by the operating system. But per- haps you respond, you told me the operating system is all-powerful! Not really. It has substantial control over a limited domain – the hardware on which it runs, using the interfaces of which it is given control. It has no real control over what happens on other machines, nor what happens if one of its pieces of hardware is accessed via some mechanism outside the operating system’s control. But how can we expect the operating system to protect something when the system does not itself control access to that resource? The an- swer is to prepare the resource for trouble in advance. In essence, we assume that we are going to lose the data, or that an opponent will try to alter it improperly. And we take steps to ensure that such actions don’t cause us problems. -
Anonymity in a Time of Surveillance
LESSONS LEARNED TOO WELL: ANONYMITY IN A TIME OF SURVEILLANCE A. Michael Froomkin* It is no longer reasonable to assume that electronic communications can be kept private from governments or private-sector actors. In theory, encryption can protect the content of such communications, and anonymity can protect the communicator’s identity. But online anonymity—one of the two most important tools that protect online communicative freedom—is under practical and legal attack all over the world. Choke-point regulation, online identification requirements, and data-retention regulations combine to make anonymity very difficult as a practical matter and, in many countries, illegal. Moreover, key internet intermediaries further stifle anonymity by requiring users to disclose their real names. This Article traces the global development of technologies and regulations hostile to online anonymity, beginning with the early days of the Internet. Offering normative and pragmatic arguments for why communicative anonymity is important, this Article argues that anonymity is the bedrock of online freedom, and it must be preserved. U.S. anti-anonymity policies not only enable repressive policies abroad but also place at risk the safety of anonymous communications that Americans may someday need. This Article, in addition to providing suggestions on how to save electronic anonymity, calls for proponents of anti- anonymity policies to provide stronger justifications for such policies and to consider alternatives less likely to destroy individual liberties. In -
Alcatel-Lucent Security Advisory Sa0xx
Alcatel-Lucent Security Advisory No. SA0053 Ed. 04 Information about Poodle vulnerability Summary POODLE stands for Padding Oracle On Downgraded Legacy Encryption. The POODLE has been reported in October 14th 2014 allowing a man-in-the-middle attacker to decrypt ciphertext via a padding oracle side-channel attack. The severity is not considered as the same for Heartbleed and/or bash shellshock vulnerabilities. The official risk is currently rated Medium. The classification levels are: Very High, High, Medium, and Low. The SSLv3 protocol is only impacted while TLSv1.0 and TLSv1.2 are not. This vulnerability is identified CVE- 2014-3566. Alcatel-Lucent Enterprise voice products using protocol SSLv3 are concerned by this security alert. Openssl versions concerned by the vulnerability: OpenSSL 1.0.1 through 1.0.1i (inclusive) OpenSSL 1.0.0 through 1.0.0n (inclusive) OpenSSL 0.9.8 through 0.9.8zb (inclusive) The Alcatel-Lucent Enterprise Security Team is currently investigating implications of this security flaw and working on a corrective measure, for OpenTouch 2.1.1 planned in Q4 2015, to prevent using SSLv3 that must be considered as vulnerable. This note is for informational purpose about the padding-oracle attack identified as “POODLE”. References CVE-2014-3566 http://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2014-3566 Advisory severity CVSS Base score : 4.3 (MEDIUM) - AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:N https://www.openssl.org/news/secadv_20141015.txt https://www.openssl.org/~bodo/ssl-poodle.pdf Description of the vulnerabilities Information about Poodle vulnerability (CVE-2014-3566). -
Cryptographic Agility in Practice Emerging Use-Cases
CRYPTOGRAPHIC AGILITY IN PRACTICE EMERGING USE-CASES AUTHORS: Tyson Macaulay Chief Product Officer InfoSec Global Richard Henderson Chief Technology Officer North America InfoSec Global USE CASES WHITEPAPER Summary Cryptography is the bedrock upon which modern data and communications security rests. Cryptography provides the ability to not just keep data and communications confidential, but also underlies virtually all means to establish the identity of people and things in a virtualized world. But cryptography has historically been static: “set and forget”. The world has changed while cryptography has not, and there is a pressing need to move towards dynamically managed and agile cryptographic systems: “cryptographic agility”. Data transparently moves in and out of trusted and untrusted hardware, software, within complex, integrated IoT/IIoT (Internet of Things/Industrial Internet of Things) devices and platforms, and across international borders. Once deployed or implemented, virtually all of these are unable to make changes to their digital identities or the cryptography they use without a hands-on, bespoke process of re-installation, re-configuration, and downtime... if fixes and updates are available at all. What does this mean? For devices and platforms, a cryptographic vulnerability in may require the device be replaced, discarded, or additional in-line infrastructure be deployed to mitigate the threat. For applications and systems, patches must be applied, systems shut down, and expensive human expertise contracted to make it all work. This “static” cryptographic security model has already caused substantial public safety, consumer privacy, financial, and health risks - all associated with device and system vulnerabilities exploited by malicious actors. For now, there are no standards and few tools for the management of cryptography. -
Scalable Scanning and Automatic Classification of TLS Padding Oracle Vulnerabilities
Scalable Scanning and Automatic Classification of TLS Padding Oracle Vulnerabilities Robert Merget and Juraj Somorovsky, Ruhr University Bochum; Nimrod Aviram, Tel Aviv University; Craig Young, Tripwire VERT; Janis Fliegenschmidt and Jörg Schwenk, Ruhr University Bochum; Yuval Shavitt, Tel Aviv University https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity19/presentation/merget This paper is included in the Proceedings of the 28th USENIX Security Symposium. August 14–16, 2019 • Santa Clara, CA, USA 978-1-939133-06-9 Open access to the Proceedings of the 28th USENIX Security Symposium is sponsored by USENIX. Scalable Scanning and Automatic Classification of TLS Padding Oracle Vulnerabilities Robert Merget1, Juraj Somorovsky1, Nimrod Aviram2, Craig Young3, Janis Fliegenschmidt1, Jörg Schwenk1, and Yuval Shavitt2 1Ruhr University Bochum 2Department of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University 3Tripwire VERT Abstract the encryption key. The attack requires a server that decrypts a message and responds with 1 or 0 based on the message va- The TLS protocol provides encryption, data integrity, and lidity. This behavior essentially provides the attacker with a authentication on the modern Internet. Despite the protocol’s cryptographic oracle which can be used to mount an adaptive importance, currently-deployed TLS versions use obsolete chosen-ciphertext attack. The attacker exploits this behavior cryptographic algorithms which have been broken using var- to decrypt messages by executing adaptive queries.Vaudenay ious attacks. One prominent class of such attacks is CBC exploited a specific form of vulnerable behavior, where im- padding oracle attacks. These attacks allow an adversary to plementations validate the CBC padding structure and re- decrypt TLS traffic by observing different server behaviors spond with 1 or 0 accordingly. -
Agile and Versatile Quantum Communication: Signatures and Secrets
PHYSICAL REVIEW X 11, 011038 (2021) Agile and Versatile Quantum Communication: Signatures and Secrets ‡ † ‡ Stefan Richter ,1,2,*, Matthew Thornton ,3, , Imran Khan,1,2 Hamish Scott ,3 Kevin Jaksch ,1,2 Ulrich Vogl,1,2 Birgit Stiller,1,2 Gerd Leuchs,1,2 Christoph Marquardt,1,2 and Natalia Korolkova 3 1Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstraße 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany 2Institute of Optics, Information and Photonics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstraße 7/B2, Erlangen, Germany 3School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9SS, United Kingdom (Received 27 January 2020; revised 24 November 2020; accepted 18 December 2020; published 24 February 2021; corrected 9 March 2021) Agile cryptography allows for a resource-efficient swap of a cryptographic core in case the security of an underlying classical cryptographic algorithm becomes compromised. Conversely, versatile cryptography allows the user to switch the cryptographic task without requiring any knowledge of its inner workings. In this paper, we suggest how these related principles can be applied to the field of quantum cryptography by explicitly demonstrating two quantum cryptographic protocols, quantum digital signatures (QDS) and quantum secret sharing (QSS), on the same hardware sender and receiver platform. Crucially, the protocols differ only in their classical postprocessing. The system is also suitable for quantum key distribution (QKD) and is highly compatible with deployed telecommunication infrastructures, since it uses standard quadrature phase-shift keying encoding and heterodyne detection. For the first time, QDS protocols are modified to allow for postselection at the receiver, enhancing protocol performance. The cryptographic primitives QDS and QSS are inherently multipartite, and we prove that they are secure not only when a player internal to the task is dishonest, but also when (external) eavesdropping on the quantum channel is allowed. -
PCI Assessment Evidence of PCI Policy Compliance
PCI Assessment Evidence of PCI Policy Compliance CONFIDENTIALITY NOTE: The information contained in this report document is for the Prepared for: exclusive use of the client specified above and may contain confidential, privileged and non-disclosable information. If the recipient of this report is not the client or Prospect or Customer addressee, such recipient is strictly prohibited from reading, photocopying, distributing or otherwise using this report or its contents in any way. Prepared by: Your Company Name Evidence of PCI Policy Compliance PCI ASSESSMENT Table of Contents 1 - Overview 1.1 - Security Officer 1.2 - Overall Risk 2 - PCI DSS Evidence of Compliance 2.1 - Install and maintain firewall to protect cardholder data 2.1.1.1 - Requirements for firewall at each Internet connections and between DMZ and internal network zone 2.1.1.2 - Business justification for use of all services, protocols and ports allowed 2.1.2 - Build firewall and router configurations that restrict connections between untrusted networks and the cardholder data environment 2.1.2.1 - Restrict inbound and outbound to that which is necessary for the cardholder data environment 2.1.2.3 - Do not allow unauthorized outbound traffic from the cardholder data environment to the Internet 2.1.2.4 - Implement stateful inspection (also known as dynamic packet filtering) 2.1.2.5 - Do not allow unauthorized outbound traffic from the cardholder data environment to the Internet 2.2 - Prohibition of vendor-supplied default password for systems and security parameters 2.2.1 -
Self-Encrypting Deception: Weaknesses in the Encryption of Solid State Drives
Self-encrypting deception: weaknesses in the encryption of solid state drives Carlo Meijer Bernard van Gastel Institute for Computing and Information Sciences School of Computer Science Radboud University Nijmegen Open University of the Netherlands [email protected] and Institute for Computing and Information Sciences Radboud University Nijmegen Bernard.vanGastel@{ou.nl,ru.nl} Abstract—We have analyzed the hardware full-disk encryption full-disk encryption. Full-disk encryption software, especially of several solid state drives (SSDs) by reverse engineering their those integrated in modern operating systems, may decide to firmware. These drives were produced by three manufacturers rely solely on hardware encryption in case it detects support between 2014 and 2018, and are both internal models using the SATA and NVMe interfaces (in a M.2 or 2.5" traditional form by the storage device. In case the decision is made to rely on factor) and external models using the USB interface. hardware encryption, typically software encryption is disabled. In theory, the security guarantees offered by hardware encryp- As a primary example, BitLocker, the full-disk encryption tion are similar to or better than software implementations. In software built into Microsoft Windows, switches off software reality, we found that many models using hardware encryption encryption and completely relies on hardware encryption by have critical security weaknesses due to specification, design, and implementation issues. For many models, these security default if the drive advertises support. weaknesses allow for complete recovery of the data without Contribution. This paper evaluates both internal and external knowledge of any secret (such as the password). -
RSA BSAFE Crypto-C 5.21 FIPS 140-1 Security Policy2.…
RSA Security, Inc. RSA™ BSAFE® Crypto-C Crypto-C Version 5.2.1 FIPS 140-1 Non-Proprietary Security Policy Level 1 Validation Revision 1.0, May 2001 © Copyright 2001 RSA Security, Inc. This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................. 3 1.1 PURPOSE ............................................................................................................................. 3 1.2 REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................... 3 1.3 DOCUMENT ORGANIZATION ............................................................................................... 3 2 THE RSA BSAFE PRODUCTS............................................................................................ 5 2.1 THE RSA BSAFE CRYPTO-C TOOLKIT MODULE .............................................................. 5 2.2 MODULE INTERFACES ......................................................................................................... 5 2.3 ROLES AND SERVICES ......................................................................................................... 6 2.4 CRYPTOGRAPHIC KEY MANAGEMENT ................................................................................ 7 2.4.1 Protocol Support........................................................................................................ -
Cryptographic Control Standard, Version
Nuclear Regulatory Commission Office of the Chief Information Officer Computer Security Standard Office Instruction: OCIO-CS-STD-2009 Office Instruction Title: Cryptographic Control Standard Revision Number: 2.0 Issuance: Date of last signature below Effective Date: October 1, 2017 Primary Contacts: Kathy Lyons-Burke, Senior Level Advisor for Information Security Responsible Organization: OCIO Summary of Changes: OCIO-CS-STD-2009, “Cryptographic Control Standard,” provides the minimum security requirements that must be applied to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) systems which utilize cryptographic algorithms, protocols, and cryptographic modules to provide secure communication services. This update is based on the latest versions of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Guidance and Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) publications, Committee on National Security System (CNSS) issuances, and National Security Agency (NSA) requirements. Training: Upon request ADAMS Accession No.: ML17024A095 Approvals Primary Office Owner Office of the Chief Information Officer Signature Date Enterprise Security Kathy Lyons-Burke 09/26/17 Architecture Working Group Chair CIO David Nelson /RA/ 09/26/17 CISO Jonathan Feibus 09/26/17 OCIO-CS-STD-2009 Page i TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 PURPOSE ............................................................................................................................. 1 2 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. -
Technical Report RHUL–ISG–2019–1 27 March 2019
20 years of Bleichenbacher attacks Gage Boyle Technical Report RHUL–ISG–2019–1 27 March 2019 Information Security Group Royal Holloway University of London Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX United Kingdom Student Number: 100866673 Gage, Boyle 20 Years of Bleichenbacher Attacks Supervisor: Kenny Paterson Submitted as part of the requirements for the award of the MSc in Information Security at Royal Holloway, University of London. I declare that this assignment is all my own work and that I have acknowledged all quotations from published or unpublished work of other people. I also declare that I have read the statements on plagiarism in Section 1 of the Regulations Governing Examination and Assessment Offences, and in accordance with these regulations I submit this project report as my own work. Signature: Date: Acknowledgements I would first like to thank my project supervisor, Kenny Paterson. This project would not have been possible without his continuous encouragement to push the boundaries of my knowledge, and I am grateful for the commitment and expertise that he has provided throughout. Secondly, I would like to thank Nimrod Aviram for his invaluable advice, particularly with respect to algorithm implementation and understanding the finer details of this project. Further thanks should go to Raja Naeem Akram, Oliver Kunz and David Morrison for taking the time to teach me Python and how to run my source code on an Ubuntu server. I am grateful for the time that David Stranack, Thomas Bingham and James Boyle have spent proof reading this project, and for the continuous support from my part- ner, Lisa Moxham.