Notes the Role of the Army in the Formation of the Nation: “El Ejército Nació Con La Patria” (23)
N o t e s Introduction 1. I am aware that some scholars are inclined to see continuity between the policies of El Proceso (1976–1983) and those of neoliberalism. See, for example, Christian Gundermann’s Actos melancólicos . I disagree with this position, as it does not explain the role of the democratic govern- ment of Raul Alfonsín, which reinstated unions and upheld paternalistic policies. 2. José Luis Romero judiciously notes the role of the army in the formation of the nation: “El ejército nació con la patria” (23). (The army was born with the nation). 3. Francine Masiello asserts that “although members of the generation of 1837 addressed the project of nation building in decidedly gendered terms, they often suppressed the potential of women by favoring a bond- ing among men” (Between Civilization and Barbarism , 34). 4. “La patria” (the nation) is a feminine noun. As a female, the nation needed fathers to steer her in the right direction. 5. David Rock mentions “the disproportionately large urban middle class” (161). 6. George Mosse explains that nineteenth-century ideas of masculinity were also defined in opposition to stereotypes that were deemed inappropriate, such as the dandy, the effeminate, and other types. For more on this, see Chapter 4 . For the case of Latin America, see Beatriz González Stephan’s “Heróes nacionales, estado viril y sensibilidades homosexuales.” 7. Unlike previous decades, the 1880s saw less participation of women writers who had been active in shaping the nation (Masiello, Between Civilization and Barbarism
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