Country Review Report of Belize
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A Study of the Garifuna of Belize's Toledo District Alexander Gough
Indigenous identity in a contested land: A study of the Garifuna of Belize’s Toledo district Alexander Gough This dissertation is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy September 2018 Lancaster University Law School 1 Declaration This thesis has not been submitted in support of an application for another degree at this or any other university. It is the result of my own work and includes nothing that is the outcome of work done in collaboration except where specifically indicated. Many of the ideas in this thesis were the product of discussion with my supervisors. Alexander Gough, Lancaster University 21st September 2018 2 Abstract The past fifty years has seen a significant shift in the recognition of indigenous peoples within international law. Once conceptualised as the antithesis to European identity, which in turn facilitated colonial ambitions, the recognition of indigenous identity and responding to indigenous peoples’ demands is now a well-established norm within the international legal system. Furthermore, the recognition of this identity can lead to benefits, such as a stake in controlling valuable resources. However, gaining tangible indigenous recognition remains inherently complex. A key reason for this complexity is that gaining successful recognition as being indigenous is highly dependent upon specific regional, national and local circumstances. Belize is an example of a State whose colonial and post-colonial geographies continue to collide, most notably in its southernmost Toledo district. Aside from remaining the subject of a continued territorial claim from the Republic of Guatemala, in recent years Toledo has also been the battleground for the globally renowned indigenous Maya land rights case. -
Caribbean Regional
WORKING DOCUMENT SERIES CARIBBEAN REGIONAL GENERAL WORKING DOCUMENT 83 A SURVEY OF THE LITERATURE ON INCOME DISTRIDUTION AND THE FULFILLMENT OF BASIC HUMAN NEEDS IN THE CARIBBEAN REGION* *Antigua, Barbados, Belize, British Virgin Is., Cayman Is., Dominica, Grenada, Montserrat, St. Kitts-Nevis- (Anguilla), St. Lucia, St. Vincent, Turks & Caicos Is. Clarence Zuvekas , Jr . Sector Analysis Internalization Group Office of International Cooperation and Development U.S. Department of Agriculture September 1978 i 3 Rural Development Division Bureau for Latin America and the Caribbean Agency for International Development BESTAVAILABLE COPY WORKING DOCUMENT SERIES: CARIBBEAN REGION GENERAL WORKING DOCUMENT i\3 A SURVEY OF THE LITERATLTRE ON INCOME DISTRI13UTION AM> THE FULFILLMENT OF BASIC HUMAN NEEDS IN THE CARIBBEAN REGION* *Antigua, Barbados, Belize, British Virgin Is. , Cayman Is., Dominica, Grenada, Montserrat, St. Kitts-Nevis- (Anguilla), St. Lucia, St. Vincent, Turks & Caicos Is. Clarence Zuvekas , Jr . Sector Analysis Internalization Group Office of International Cooperation and Development U.S. Department of Agriculture September 1978 i I This document does not bear the approval (nor imply such) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the United States Agency i for lnternationai Development, or any of j tneir offices. In view of its nacure as I G workiag paper, it should not be quoted I w!~hoci?erm;ssion of the originating O.:; -CZ. ,I; Any coinments wo"id be appreci- : L:2~, 6.;~can De addressed to the author , 6c: I 4112 ndditors Buiiding I I 14x1 & Independence Avenue, S.W. Washington, D.C. 20250 BEST AVA MBLE COPY PREFACE Most of the data discussed in this survey were reviewed in an earlier document (Zuvekas 1978b) which presented a "profile" of small farmers in the Caribbean Region *I but was not intended to provide much interpretation or analysis. -
Cap.262, Central Bank of Belize
BELIZE CENTRAL BANK OF BELIZE ACT CHAPTER 262 REVISED EDITION 2003 SHOWING THE SUBSIDIARY LAW S AS AT 31ST OCTOBER, 2003 This is a revised edition of the Subsidiary Laws, prepared by the Law Revision Commissioner under the authority of the Law Revision Act, Chapter 3 of the Substantive Laws of Belize, Revised Edition 2000. ARRANGEMENT OF SUBSIDIARY LAWS BELIZE CENTRAL BANK OF BELIZE ACT CHAPTER 262 REVISED EDITION 2003 SHOWING THE SUBSIDIARY LAW S AS AT 31ST OCTOBER, 2003 This is a revised edition of the Subsidiary Laws, prepared by the Law Revision Commissioner under the authority of the Law Revision Act, Chapter 3 of the Substantive Laws of Belize, Revised Edition 2000. This edition contains a consolidation of the following laws- Page ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS 3 CENTRAL BANK OF BELIZE (SPECIFIED PROJECTS) ORDER 4 CURRENCY (FIXING OF RATE OF EXCHANGE) ORDER 6 Central Bank of Belize [CAP. 262 3 CHAPTER 262 CENTRAL BANK OF BELIZE (SPECIFIED PROJECTS) ORDER ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS 1. Short title. 2. Specified projects. 3. Commencement. ___________ THE SUBSIDIARY LAWS OF BELIZE REVISED EDITION 2003 Printed by the Government Printer, No. 1 Power Lane, Belmopan, by the authority of [ the Government of Belize. ] 4 CAP. 262] Central Bank of Belize CHAPTER 262 45 of 2000. CENTRAL BANK OF BELIZE (SPECIFIED PROJECTS) ORDER [Gazetted 29th April, 2000.] Short title. 1. This Order may be cited as the CENTRAL BANK OF BELIZE (SPECIFIED PROJECTS) ORDER. Specified Projects. 2. For the purpose of Section 41(4) of the Central Bank CAP. 262. of Belize Act, the “specified projects” shall be projects as are Schedule. -
Case of Maya Indigenous Communities of Belize, Inter-Am
REPORT Nº 96/03 CASE 12.053 MAYA INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES OF THE TOLEDO DISTRICT BELIZE October 24, 2003 I. SUMMARY 1. This report concerns a petition presented to the Inter-American Commission of Human Rights (the "Commission”) against the State of Belize (the "State" or “Belize”) on August 7, 1998 by the Indian Law Resource Center and the Toledo Maya Cultural Council (the “Petitioners”). The petition claims that the State is responsible for violating rights under the American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man (the “American Declaration”) that the Mopan and Ke’kchi Maya People of the Toledo District of Southern Belize (the “Maya people of the Toledo District” or the “Maya people”) are alleged to have over certain lands and natural resources.1 2. The Petitioners claim that the State has violated Articles I, II, III, VI, XI, XVIII, XX and XXIII of the American Declaration in respect of lands traditionally used and occupied by the Maya people, by granting logging and oil concessions in and otherwise failing to adequately protect those lands, failing to recognize and secure the territorial rights of the Maya people in those lands, and failing to afford the Maya people judicial protection of their rights and interests in the lands due to delays in court proceedings instituted by them. According to the Petitioners, the State’s contraventions have impacted negatively on the natural environment upon which the Maya people depend for subsistence, have jeopardized the Maya people and their culture, and threaten to cause further damage in the future. 3. The State has indicated before the Commission that applicable law and the facts presented by the Petitioners are unclear as to whether the Maya people may have aboriginal rights in the lands under dispute, although at the same time it has recognized in negotiations outside of the Commission proceedings that the Maya people have rights in lands in the Toledo District based upon their longstanding use and occupancy of that territory. -
Private Lands Conservation in Belize
University of Colorado Law School Colorado Law Scholarly Commons Getches-Wilkinson Center for Natural Books, Reports, and Studies Resources, Energy, and the Environment 2004 Private Lands Conservation in Belize Joan Marsan University of Colorado Boulder. Natural Resources Law Center Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.law.colorado.edu/books_reports_studies Part of the Dispute Resolution and Arbitration Commons, Environmental Law Commons, Environmental Policy Commons, Estates and Trusts Commons, Land Use Law Commons, Legislation Commons, Natural Resources and Conservation Commons, Natural Resources Law Commons, Natural Resources Management and Policy Commons, Property Law and Real Estate Commons, and the Tax Law Commons Citation Information Joan Marsan, Private Lands Conservation In Belize (Natural Res. Law Ctr., Univ. of Colo. Sch. of Law 2004). JOAN MARSAN, PRIVATE LANDS CONSERVATION IN BELIZE (Natural Res. Law Ctr., Univ. of Colo. Sch. of Law 2004). Reproduced with permission of the Getches-Wilkinson Center for Natural Resources, Energy, and the Environment (formerly the Natural Resources Law Center) at the University of Colorado Law School. AVAILABLE ONLINE ====================; • •~ ~ ...... ~ ~ ~ .~ PRIVATE LANDS CONSERVATION IN .~ BELIZE •_. -~ • ~ .. A Country Report by the Natural Resources Law Center, ...... University of Colorado School of Law ~ 4 .~ September 2004 ~ Sponsored by The Nature Conservancy Primary Author: Joan Marsan, NRLC Research Assistant KGA [email protected] 576 • M37 2004 Private Lands -
List of Certain Foreign Institutions Classified As Official for Purposes of Reporting on the Treasury International Capital (TIC) Forms
NOT FOR PUBLICATION DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY JANUARY 2001 Revised Aug. 2002, May 2004, May 2005, May/July 2006, June 2007 List of Certain Foreign Institutions classified as Official for Purposes of Reporting on the Treasury International Capital (TIC) Forms The attached list of foreign institutions, which conform to the definition of foreign official institutions on the Treasury International Capital (TIC) Forms, supersedes all previous lists. The definition of foreign official institutions is: "FOREIGN OFFICIAL INSTITUTIONS (FOI) include the following: 1. Treasuries, including ministries of finance, or corresponding departments of national governments; central banks, including all departments thereof; stabilization funds, including official exchange control offices or other government exchange authorities; and diplomatic and consular establishments and other departments and agencies of national governments. 2. International and regional organizations. 3. Banks, corporations, or other agencies (including development banks and other institutions that are majority-owned by central governments) that are fiscal agents of national governments and perform activities similar to those of a treasury, central bank, stabilization fund, or exchange control authority." Although the attached list includes the major foreign official institutions which have come to the attention of the Federal Reserve Banks and the Department of the Treasury, it does not purport to be exhaustive. Whenever a question arises whether or not an institution should, in accordance with the instructions on the TIC forms, be classified as official, the Federal Reserve Bank with which you file reports should be consulted. It should be noted that the list does not in every case include all alternative names applying to the same institution. -
BELIZERIGHT CHOICES BRIGHT FUTURE Systematic Country Diagnostic
Public Disclosure Authorized BELIZERIGHT CHOICES BRIGHT FUTURE Systematic Country Diagnostic Francisco Carneiro Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized BELIZERIGHT CHOICES BRIGHT FUTURE Systematic Country Diagnostic Francisco Carneiro January 2016 2 Belize—Right Choices Bright Future ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ACP Africa Caribbean Pacific CZMAI Coastal Zone Management Authority and Institute AML/CFT Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism DMSP-OLS Operational Lines scan System ANS Adjusted Net Savings DRM Disaster Risk Management API American Petroleum Industry ECLAC Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean ASR American Sugar Refining Eastern Caribbean Currency Union BOOST Building Opportunities for Our Social ECCU Transformation EIRR Economic Internal Rate of Return BPO Business Process Outsourcing EMBI Emerging Market Bond Index BNE Belize Natural Energy EM-DAT International Emergency Disasters Database BCRIP Belize Climate Resilience Infrastructure Project EPI Environmental Performance Index BZ$ Belize Dollar EPPR Emergency Prevention, Preparedness and Response CAGR Compound Annual Growth Rate European Union CCT Conditional Cash Transfer EU Financial Action Task Force CEDLAS/ Centro de Estudios Distributivos FATF SEDLAC Laborales y Sociales / Socio-Economic FDI Foreign Direct Investment Database for Latin America and the GDP Gross Domestic Product Caribbean GFDRR Global Facility for Disaster Recovery CIA Central Intelligence Agency and Reconstruction -
Download PDF File
Friday, May 21, 2021 AMANDALABelize Page 1 NO. 3462 BELIZE CITY, FRIDAY, MAY 21, 2021 (36 PAGES) $1.50 Borders Gruesome daylight opened for city murder tourists only BELIZE CITY, Thurs. May of less than 24 hours. Last night, 20, 2021 Marquin Drury was fatally wounded At high noon today, a 19- in a drive-by shooting. year-old was shot multiple Unconfirmed reports are that times and left for dead in the Castillo was pursued by his assailant, Fabers Road Extension area. then executed in cold blood near a Stephan Castillo, the mechanic shop on Fabers Road, not victim of this most recent far from the police sub-station in that Belize City murder, is the area. second person to be shot to death in the city within a span Please turn toPage 29 Unions stage funeral procession for corruption BELIZE CITY, Wed. May 19, 2021 On Tuesday, May 18, members of the Belize National Teachers Union (BNTU) and the Public Service Union (PSU) staged mock funeral BELIZE CITY, Thurs. May 20, 2021 processions — a symbolic form of Today Cabinet released an update protest that is a marked departure on matters that were discussed and from the blockades that had been set decisions that were made during its up on the previous day to prevent the regular session meeting, which took flow of traffic on roads and highways place on May 18, 2021. In that press countrywide. They marched along the release, the public was informed that streets, carrying a coffin, as they pretended to engage in funeral rites Please turn toPage 30 Please turn toPage 31 PM replies PGIA employees Belize seeks extension to unions stage walkout for bond payment BELIZE CITY. -
Report of the Workshops in Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Dominica, Grenada and Belize
Report of the workshops in Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Dominica, Grenada and Belize. Possible use cases, people met and follow‐up ideas September 2014 Authors: Cees J. Van Westen, Victor Jetten, Mark Brussel, Faculty ITC, University of Twente Tarick Hosein and Charisse Griffith‐Charles, University of the West Indies, Trinidad and Tobago. Jeanna Hyde (Envirosense) Mark Trigg (University of Bristol) Report of the workshops in 5 target countries Page | 2 Report of the workshops in 5 target countries Table of Contents 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 6 1.1 Invitation letter ....................................................................................................................... 7 2. Saint Lucia ..................................................................................................................................... 10 2.1 Participants of the workshop in Saint Lucia ........................................................................ 10 2.2 Map of Saint Lucia with indication of places visited during the fieldwork ........................ 15 2.3 Points visited during the fieldtrip / possible use cases ....................................................... 16 2.4 Follow‐up activities in Saint Lucia ........................................................................................ 19 3. Saint Vincent ................................................................................................................................ -
Belize | Freedom House
6/5/2020 Belize | Freedom House FREEDOM IN THE WORLD 2020 Belize 86 FREE /100 Political Rights 35 /40 Civil Liberties 51 /60 LAST YEAR'S SCORE & STATUS 86 /100 Free Global freedom statuses are calculated on a weighted scale. See the methodology. https://freedomhouse.org/country/belize/freedom-world/2020 1/13 6/5/2020 Belize | Freedom House Overview Belize is a democracy that has experienced regular rotations of power through competitive elections. Civil liberties are mostly respected. Government corruption is a concern, as is the high rate of violent crime. Authorities have been slow to address persistent problems of police brutality and human trafficking within the country’s borders. Key Developments in 2019 In March, the opposition People’s United Party (PUP) filed a Supreme Court claim against Prime Minister and Finance Minister Dean Barrow and an aide, for allegedly spending $645 million from Petrocaribe without parliamentary authorization. The court heard the case in November, with a ruling due in January 2020. The US State Department’s annual Trafficking in Persons Report noted two new human trafficking prosecutions, the first in four years. A long-running border dispute with Guatemala remains unresolved. In March, three Guatemalan gun boats blocked a Belize Coast Guard patrol from accessing the Sarstoon River, which is part of Belizean territory. Political Rights A. Electoral Process A1 0-4 pts Was the current head of government or other chief national authority elected through free and fair elections? 4 / 4 The prime minister, usually the leader of the largest party in the parliament, is head of government. -
Border Restrictions Updated 6 April 2021
Please note, although we endeavour to provide you with the most up to date information derived from various third parties an d sources, we cannot be held accountable for any inaccuracies or changes to this information. Inclusion of company information in this matrix does no t imply any business relationship between the supplier and WFP / Logistics Cluster, and is used solely as a determinant of services, and capacities. Logistics Cluster /WFP maintain complete impartiality and are not in a position to endorse, comment on any company's suitability as a reputable serv ice provider. If you have any updates to share, please email them to: [email protected] Border Restrictions Updated 6 April 2021 State / Territory Restrictions (Other Info) Restriction Period Source of Info URL / Remarks State of Emergency is extended until 18 April 2021. Color-coded system to guide response. Current level is Code Blue. All entry permits suspended until further notice. All travellers must provide negative COVID-19 test results within 72 hours before arrival and are subject to full quarantine of 14 days. Moreover, the American Samoa traveller is required to disclose if he/she had a positive result prior to testing negative. American Samoa Until 18 April 2021 Government, 19 March https://www.americansamoa.gov/ Cargo flights into the Territory to deliver or retrieve cargo or mail will be allowed, provided that each 2021 occupant of the plane must furnish proof to the Director of Health of a negative COVID-19 test results within 72 hours before arrival, and further provided tht no one will disembark withouth the prior written approval of the Governor. -
Antigua and Barbuda Bahamas Barbados Belize British Overseas Territories (Anguilla, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Isla
UNHCR staff monitoring programmes attheLoveAChild field hospital in Fond Parisien, Haiti. Antigua and Barbuda Bahamas Barbados Belize British overseas territories (Anguilla, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Turks and Caicos Islands, Montserrat) Canada Dominica Dominican Republic Dutch overseas territories in the Caribbean (Aruba, Curaçao, Saint Maarten, Bonaire, Saint Eustatius, Saba) French overseas departments (Martinique, Guadeloupe) Grenada Guyana Haiti Jamaica St. Kitts and Nevis St. Lucia St. Vincent and the Grenadines Suriname Trinidad and Tobago United States of America 348 UNHCR Global Report 2010 and the OPERATIONAL HIGHLIGHTS l UNHCR continued to seek the political and financial l More than 80 per cent of UNHCR’s global resettlement support of the Governments of the United States and referrals are to the United States and Canada. Canada in order to fulfil its protection mandate and find comprehensive solutions for refugees. Working environment l In the United States, UNHCR sought to ensure that the country’s laws and policies, as well as their implementation, In the United States, the Government has confirmed its were in accordance with its obligations under the 1967 commitment to international obligations, particularly with Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees. Specifically, regard to the parole of asylum-seekers. However, UNHCR promoted reforms to the way in which the refugee adjudications by the immigration courts and administrative definition is being applied under US law and monitored the and federal