DOCSLIB.ORG

Mirkhashimov En

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Ministry of Environmental Protection of the RK Ministry of Economy and Budget Planning of the RK Committee on Water Resources of the MoA RK European Commission Regional Environmental Center for Central Asia Project «Development of Integrated Management Plan for Ili- Balkhash Basin » Iskander Mirkhashimov – Project Manager Almaty 23.10.2007 IBB physical and geographical posiion Administrative Provision regarding IBB Natural potential and loads • IBB area - 413 thousand sq. km • About 45000 small and 40 average size rivers • 12 types of ecosystems • 50 animal species, 269 bird species and 20 fish species are to be found • SPNT – 3 thousand kilometers • Population - more than 3 mln people • About 5mln heads of live-stock. • Size of agricultural lands -12.600 thousand hectares • Sown area - 1.300 thousand hectares • Pastures – 10.400 thousand hectares • 6000 of water bodies and water reservoirs IBB: volumes of water use Cubic km\year Agricultural sector - 3.01 Public water supply sector - 0.28 Industry- 0.29 Fish industry - 0.03 ---------------------------- Total in 2006 г. -3.61 1992- 7.42 Balkhash Lake The Lake Length - 605 km, The Lake width – 9-74 km Overall depth - 26 m. Average depth -6 m Surface area with marks BS БС : 340, 0 - 342,0 m 14120 – 18210 km2, Volume 72,2 –106,0 km3 Total inflow (rivers, precipitation)- 24,7 km3 Evaporation -19.8 km3 Ili – main IBB river • 1439 km – total river length • 815 km – in Kazakhstan • 75 % - water catchment area of IBB • 80% - summary inflow from the surface watercourse into the lake Balkhash . Ili – main IBB river • Flow off from the territory of the CPR -13,95 km 3 • Flow off from the territory of the RK -- 6,16 km 3 • Total –20,11 km 3 • Flow off into the Lake Balkhash -15,043 km 3 ------------------ Data for 2006. RiversRivers ofof thethe EasternEastern partpart ofof thethe LakeLake BalkhashBalkhash Karatal , Aksu , Charyn , Lepsy , Ayaguz Bring to the Lake 3.63.6 --4.1.4.1. km 3\year Environmental-economic problems • Glacier shrinking • Climate aridization • Desertification of territories • Reduction of the number of small rivers and lake area • Transformation of phytocenosis, pasture degradation • Decrease of land yield and land productivity • Decrease of the area of mountain and tugai forests • Loss of specie diversity and reduction in the number of commercial species • Decrease of the volumes and quality of agricultural product Major causes of degradation in IBB • Predominance of economic and corporate interests over social and environmental ones; • Lack of common goals and long-term programs on basin development on the part of sectors and akimats; fragmentary division of power and responsibility • Water pollution with industrial, agricultural, sewage effluents and wastes hazardous for the people, flora and fauna • Ineffective resource management • General decay of basin water management Fragmentary IBB management у Agents of management АпЗР MEBP Ministry of Agriculture MEP MIT MC MEMP MoH MoI MLSP МИ МЭМР WR CFH CF ИТ C Social Lake Fertil Water Air Irrigat Fauna Flora Emer Ili and Recre Indust Hydrotechn volu Coastal e resour ed y delta demog ation Flora ry ical me territory silt ces lands param zone facilities eters Management objects Akims of 4 oblasts, Oblast Departments, Management bodies, Companies Transboundary problems • Unpredictable volumes of water use on the part of CPR - (inflow to Ili from CPR 8,5-17,7) • Planned growth of irrigated lands in the CPR from 400 to 600 thousand hectares – increase of water use by 2 cubic km \year • Construction of Kapchagai water reservoir on the river Tekes • Plans: to transfer the flow off from the river Ili into the basins of the rivers Tarim and Karamai • River pollution with organic chemicals and metals EU/CAREC Project «Development of integrated management plan in IBB » • Is being performed with the financial support of the European Commission in partnership with: - The Ministry of Environment -Ministry of Economy and Budget Planning, - Committee on Water resources of the MoA • Period for the Project development: 2005- 2007 Project Goal: Preservation of ecosystems, integrated water management and rational nature use Objectives : 1. Analysis of international experience in basin management; 2. Involvement of stakeholders; 3. Planning basin management; 4. Setting up a body of basin management; 5. Drafting international agreement on basin management; 6. Setting up technical Secretariat to support basin management Legal basis for cooperation in IBB • Agreement on transboundary waters between RK and CPR, 2001 • Kazakhstan –Kyrgyz Agreements • 2004 Beijing Declaration on Hydropower & Sustainable Development (October 29, 2004) • Declaration of China and Kazakhstan on the formation and development of strategic partnership (04.07.2005) Project implementation, Objective -5 River-based Agreements • Project «Agreement on Integrated IB Basin Management», discussed at the international meeting 6.03.2007 • Endorsed by the MoI RK 03.07.07 • Submitted to the MOP RK for coordination with the ministries Project implementation, objective-4 Setting up a Body on IBB management A complete set of documents on setting up Basin Corporation «Balkhash –Alakol» has been devised (Legislative support, explanatory notes and constituent documents) Project implementation, objective -3 Development of the Basin Management Plan • Analysis of the existing and planned programs and projects at all the levels is being done (international, public, oblast, sector) and sector development plans (agriculture, industry, social sphere, environment, municipal economy) • Information data base regarding major components of the Plan (statistic and mapping material) Project implementation, object -3 Development of the Basin Management Plan • The Strategy of territorial development of the RK as of 2015 • Program «Ensuring SD of Balkhash – Alakol basin for 2007-2009» • The national program «Drinking waters» • The program of developing Almaty oblast for 2008-2010 • State Program «Integrated Management of Water Resources and Brining up the Efficiency of Water Use in the RK as of 2025 »(project ) • The Programs of System Development for SPNT RK for 2007-2009 Project implementation, further actions • Development and coordination of IWRM Plan • Promotion of international agreement with CPR and KR on transboundary rivers • Implementation of state expert examination of documents for registration of Basin Corporation «Balkhash –Alakol» • Setting up technical Secretariat to support the process of basin management • Presentation of materials and finalization of the Project Thank you, for your attention. I invite you to ask questions. 050043b Almaty, Orbita-1, 40, tel.: +73272785110, [email protected] Integrated IBB management Plan Plan goal: The lake level is not below 341-342 m. Under the total volume of the Ili river flow off (18-20 km 3) The objective of the Plan is to find Flow off of the Ili river or: additional water resources -4-5 cubic km . from CPR - 13, 36 km 3 (65%); In Kazakhstan - 7,24 km 3 (35%), 2004 Plan activities: • effective use of water in economy; Agreement between basin countries • reduction of losses in the zones of formation and RK, CPR, KR scattering; • reduction of losses for evaporation and filtration; • reduction of losses in river deltas; • water protection activities; • involvement of return, waste, collection-drainage and underground waters, • other To implement the plan it is necessary to have •Effective system of integrated basin management •Financing (up to 1 bln Euro) – conditions for investors •Agreement between basin countries Existing capacity to address problems •Agreement between CPR and RK on strategic partnership development • Investment interest on the part of the CPR in the downstream of Balkhash: fishery, agriculture, ecotourism as a guarantee of the water release and water quality • Commitments of CPR regarding MDG, including preservation of ecosystem • EU interest in Kazakhstan as a bridge between Europe and Asia, • Linkage between the interests of Kyrgyzstan to RK investments and dependence of CPR on the river Tarim • CAREC support in setting up an International Secretariat • IFAS experience (setting up WEC, UN involvement, Secretariat) Political and legal basis • Address of the President : - Perfection of development institutions, innovative infrastructure - Territorial development corporations (social business corporations) - New forms of partnership of private and public sector - Development of special economic zones • EU Proposal as to signing an Agreement with the CPR to address transboundary problems • Johannesburg-2002 , WSSD: commitments of RK, CPR, EU with regard to regional cooperation, multilateral agreements, transition to ecosystem- based management •Mountain partnership - 45 countries, 19 inter-state organizations • Global water partnership , to which China has also joined • Declaration of China and Kazakhstan on strategic partnership formation and development 04.07.2005) • Beijing Declaration on sustainable development (October 29, 2004) • EU and CAREC project on trying the model of territorial development based on the IBB example • Opening up Ecotechnopark (Joint Communiqué of RK and CPR,11.01.2006, Astana) Legal and Program documents -1 • Ukase (Decree) of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan of August 28, 2006, № 167 On the Strategy of Territorial Development of the Republic of Kazakhstan as of 2015 • Regulation of the Government of the RK № 42 of 16.01.2004 г. «Rules for the Rehabilitation of Water-protective Zones
Recommended publications
  • Assessing Opportunities and Threats in Kazakhstan's Wild Liquorice Root Trade

    Assessing Opportunities and Threats in Kazakhstan's Wild Liquorice Root Trade

    April 2021 SWEET DREAMS ASSESSING OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS IN KAZAKHSTAN’S WILD LIQUORICE ROOT TRADE Nadejda Gemedzhieva, Artyom Khrokov, Elise Heral, Anastasiya Timoshyna JOINT REPORT ABOUT US TRAFFIC is a leading non-governmental organisation working globally on trade in wild animals and plants in the context of both biodiversity conservation and sustainable development. Reproduction of material appearing in this report requires written permission from the publisher. The designations of geographical entities in this publication, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS whatsoever on the part of TRAFFIC or its supporting This report was completed under a project implemented between organisations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, 2019-2022 by TRAFFIC and the Association for the Conservation of or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or Biodiversity of Kazakhstan (ACBK), under the support of the Keidanren boundaries. Nature Conservation Fund (KNCF). Complementary funds were also gratefully received from Aktionsgemeinschaft Artenschutz (AGA) e.V. Lead author The project aims to reduce unsustainable commercial harvest, which Nadejda Gemedzhieva poses a threat to biodiversity conservation, and to scale up successful sustainable wild liquorice root production from which local people and Published by: nature benefit. We extend our thanks to KNCF for their support. TRAFFIC International, Cambridge, United Kingdom. During the course of this study, many individuals contributed their time, SUGGESTED CITATION expertise, original research and professional advice and the authors Gemedzhieva, N., Khrokov, A., Heral. E., Timoshyna, would like to thank the staff of the following institutions: Forestry A.
  • Ecosystem Service Assessment of the Ili Delta, Kazakhstan Niels Thevs

    Ecosystem Service Assessment of the Ili Delta, Kazakhstan Niels Thevs

    Ecosystem service assessment of the Ili Delta, Kazakhstan Niels Thevs, Volker Beckmann, Sabir Nurtazin, Ruslan Salmuzauli, Azim Baibaysov, Altyn Akimalieva, Elisabeth A. A. Baranoeski, Thea L. Schäpe, Helena Röttgers, Nikita Tychkov 1. Territorial and geographical location Ili Delta, Kazakhstan Almatinskaya Oblast (province), Bakanas Rayon (county) The Ili Delta is part of the Ramsar Site Ile River Delta and South Lake Balkhash Ramsar Site 2. Natural and geographic data Basic geographical data: location between 45° N and 46° N as well as 74° E and 75.5° E. Fig. 1: Map of the Ili-Balkhash Basin (Imentai et al., 2015). Natural areas: The Ramsar Site Ile River Delta and South Lake Balkhash Ramsar Site comprises wetlands and meadow vegetation (the modern delta), ancient river terraces that now harbour Saxaul and Tamarx shrub vegetation, and the southern coast line of the western part of Lake Balkhash. Most ecosystem services can be attributed to the wetlands and meadow vegetation. Therefore, this study focusses on the modern delta with its wetlands and meadows. During this study, a land cover map was created through classification of Rapid Eye Satellite images from the year 2014. The land cover classes relevant for this study were: water bodies in the delta, dense reed (total vegetation more than 70%), and open reed and shrub vegetation (vegetation cover of reed 20- 70% and vegetation cover of shrubs and trees more than 70%). The land cover class dense reed was further split into submerged dense reed and non-submerged dense reed by applying a threshold to the short wave infrared channel of a Landsat satellite image from 4 April 2015.
  • INDIVIDUAL CONSULTANT PROCUREMENT NOTICE Date: July 30, 2021 Reference Number: IC-2021-080

    INDIVIDUAL CONSULTANT PROCUREMENT NOTICE Date: July 30, 2021 Reference Number: IC-2021-080

    DocuSign Envelope ID: BB6EA17B-538D-4D65-97EA-6E8871B739CA INDIVIDUAL CONSULTANT PROCUREMENT NOTICE Date: July 30, 2021 Reference Number: IC-2021-080 Country: Republic of Kazakhstan Description of the Leader of the expert group for the development of the Scientific Background assignment: report and Feasibility Study for the creation of 5 new PAs1 and a program for monitoring the biodiversity of 5 pilot PAs2 Project name: UNDP-GEF Project "Conservation and Sustainable Management of Key Globally Important Ecosystems for Multiple Benefits", 00101043 Period of August 2021 - December 2022 (250 working days within 17 months) assignment/services: Contract Modality: Individual contractor (IC) Any request for clarification must be sent by standard electronic communication to the e-mail [email protected] and in e-mail subject please indicate Request_Ref.2021-080. 1. BACKGROUND The total forest area in Kazakhstan is about 12.6 million hectares, which makes it one of the richest in forest countries in Eurasia, despite the low level of forest cover, which is only 4.6%. Approximately 95% of the forests (wooded areas) in Kazakhstan are managed by 123 forestry administrations, which are controlled by regional governments (akimats). There are three main types of forest ecosystems in Kazakhstan: alpine mountain forests, tugai (southern coastal) forests and saxaul landscapes (desert and semi-desert shrubs). Since 2018, the GEF-UNDP project "Conservation and sustainable management of key globally significant ecosystems for obtaining various benefits" (hereinafter referred to as the project) has been implemented on the territory of the republic. The project strategy is to holistically address the conservation and sustainable use of forest ecosystems in Kazakhstan, through management approaches including both protected areas and sustainable use of associated HCVF landscapes (maps of the project areas are presented in Appendices 4, 5, 6 to the Terms of Reference).
  • Assessment of Norms of Admissible Impact on Water Objects of Trans-Balkhash Area

    Assessment of Norms of Admissible Impact on Water Objects of Trans-Balkhash Area

    Int. J. Chem. Sci.: 13(3), 2015, 1495-1510 ISSN 0972-768X www.sadgurupublications.com ASSESSMENT OF NORMS OF ADMISSIBLE IMPACT ON WATER OBJECTS OF TRANS-BALKHASH AREA Zh.T. TILEKOVA*, M. T. OSHAKBAYEV and G. K. YERUBAYEVAa Department of Applied Ecology, K. I. Satpayev Kazakh National Technical University, ALMATY, KAZAKHSTAN aDepartment "Tourism and Service", Turan University, ALMATY, KAZAKHSTAN ABSTRACT Calculations of norms of admissible impact on water objects help to establish levels of pollutants in surface water. The norms of acceptable impact (NAI) on water objects are developed and approved according to hydrographic or water management zoning of a water body for the purpose of preservation and restoration of aquatic ecosystems; minimizing effects of anthropogenic impact that creates risk of irreversible negative changes in aquatic ecosystem; ensuring sustainable and safe water use in the course of social and economic development of the territory. Identification of NAI was carried out on the basis of Methodical instructions on development of the norms of admissible impact on water objects approved by the order of the Ministry of natural resources of Russia of 12.12.2007 No. 328, and by the analysis of social and economic situation, usage and diagnostics of quality of water resources. At the studied territory calculations of norms of admissible impact were counted on two indicators : NAIchem and NAIw. To determine the current anthropogenic impact, comparison of the actual mass of pollutants export (diffusion drain from residential areas, industrial sites and agricultural grounds, etc.) with the values of NAIchem. obtained from design water-resources region (WRR), was carried out.
  • Water Resources Lifeblood of the Region

    Water Resources Lifeblood of the Region

    Water Resources Lifeblood of the Region 68 Central Asia Atlas of Natural Resources ater has long been the fundamental helped the region flourish; on the other, water, concern of Central Asia’s air, land, and biodiversity have been degraded. peoples. Few parts of the region are naturally water endowed, In this chapter, major river basins, inland seas, Wand it is unevenly distributed geographically. lakes, and reservoirs of Central Asia are presented. This scarcity has caused people to adapt in both The substantial economic and ecological benefits positive and negative ways. Vast power projects they provide are described, along with the threats and irrigation schemes have diverted most of facing them—and consequently the threats the water flow, transforming terrain, ecology, facing the economies and ecology of the country and even climate. On the one hand, powerful themselves—as a result of human activities. electrical grids and rich agricultural areas have The Amu Darya River in Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan, with a canal (left) taking water to irrigate cotton fields.Upper right: Irrigation lifeline, Dostyk main canal in Makktaaral Rayon in South Kasakhstan Oblast, Kazakhstan. Lower right: The Charyn River in the Balkhash Lake basin, Kazakhstan. Water Resources 69 55°0'E 75°0'E 70 1:10 000 000 Central AsiaAtlas ofNaturalResources Major River Basins in Central Asia 200100 0 200 N Kilometers RUSSIAN FEDERATION 50°0'N Irty sh im 50°0'N Ish ASTANA N ura a b m Lake Zaisan E U r a KAZAKHSTAN l u s y r a S Lake Balkhash PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC Ili OF CHINA Chui Aral Sea National capital 1 International boundary S y r D a r Rivers and canals y a River basins Lake Caspian Sea BISHKEK Issyk-Kul Amu Darya UZBEKISTAN Balkhash-Alakol 40°0'N ryn KYRGYZ Na Ob-Irtysh TASHKENT REPUBLIC Syr Darya 40°0'N Ural 1 Chui-Talas AZERBAIJAN 2 Zarafshan TURKMENISTAN 2 Boundaries are not necessarily authoritative.
  • 6. Current Status of the Environment

    6. Current Status of the Environment

    6. Current Status of the Environment 6.1. Natural Environment 6.1.1. Desertification Kazakhstan has more deserts within its territory than any other Central Asian country, and approximately 66% of the national land is vulnerable to desertification in various degrees. Desertification is expanding under the influence of natural and artificial factors, and some people, called “environmental refugees,” are obliged to leave their settlements due to worsened living environments. In addition, the Government of RK (Republic of Kazakhstan) issued an alarm in the “Environmental Security Concept of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2004-2015” that the crisis of desertification is not only confined to Kazakhstan but could raise problems such as border-crossing emigration caused by the rise of sandstorms as well as the transfer of pollutants to distant locations driven by large air masses. (1) Major factors for desertification Desertification is taking place due to the artificial factors listed below as well as climate, topographic and other natural factors. • Accumulated industrial wastes after extraction of mineral resources and construction of roads, pipelines and other structures • Intensive grazing of livestock (overgrazing) • Lack of farming technology • Regulated runoff to rivers • Destruction of forests 1) Extraction of mineral resources Wastes accumulated after extraction of mineral resources have serious effects on the land. Exploration for oil and natural gas requires vast areas of land reaching as much as 17 million hectares for construction of transportation systems, approximately 10 million hectares of which is reportedly suffering ecosystem degradation. 2) Overgrazing Overgrazing is the abuse of pastures by increasing numbers of livestock. In the grazing lands in mountainous areas for example, the area allocated to each sheep for grazing is 0.5 hectares, compared to the typical grazing space of 2 to 4 hectares per sheep.
  • Energy Efficiency, Denmark Singapore Access to Energy, Estonia South Africa Demand Side Finland Thailand Management and France Much More

    Energy Efficiency, Denmark Singapore Access to Energy, Estonia South Africa Demand Side Finland Thailand Management and France Much More

    Kazakhstan Energy Profile INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY The IEA examines IEA member IEA association the full spectrum countries: countries: of energy issues including oil, gas Australia Brazil and coal supply and Austria China demand, renewable Belgium India energy technologies, Canada Indonesia electricity markets, Czech Republic Morocco energy efficiency, Denmark Singapore access to energy, Estonia South Africa demand side Finland Thailand management and France much more. Through Germany its work, the IEA Greece advocates policies Hungary that will enhance Ireland the reliability, Italy affordability and Japan sustainability of Korea energy in its Luxembourg 30 member Mexico countries, Netherlands 8 association New Zealand countries and Norway beyond. Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States The European Commission also participates in the work of the IEA Please note that this publication is subject to specific restrictions that limit its use and distribution. The terms and conditions are available online at www.iea.org/t&c/ Source: IEA. All rights reserved. International Energy Agency Website: www.iea.org Kazakhstan Table of contents Country overview Table of contents Kazakhstan Energy Profile ...................................................................................................... 2 Country overview ....................................................................................................................... 2 Key energy data ........................................................................................................................
  • The Life Cycle of Sustainable Eco-Tourism: a Kazakhstan Case Study

    The Life Cycle of Sustainable Eco-Tourism: a Kazakhstan Case Study

    Sustainable Tourism VI 39 The life cycle of sustainable eco-tourism: a Kazakhstan case study T. I. Mukhambetov, G. O. Janguttina, U. S. Esaidar, G. R. Myrzakulova & B. T. Imanbekova Almaty Technological University, Kazakhstan Abstract This article is devoted to some theoretical, methodological and practical aspects of sustainable eco-tourism. In the theoretical part of the paper it is noted that in the CIS the term “sustainable tourism” is rarely used and the more common term “Ecotourism” is most familiar. This article analyses the similarities and differences between them as well as other close and related “isms” within the meaning of the definitions: “Moral tourism”, “Nature tourism”, “Green tourism”, “Responsible Tourism”. According to the authors, “Sustainable Tourism” is not a kind of tourism. The characteristics of the listed types of tourism all have certain indicators associated with sustainable tourism. From this perspective, we can talk about eco-tourism as a pillar of sustainable tourism. In the practical part of the paper the authors give a general characterization of tourism in Kazakhstan. It analyses the problems encountered in the formation and development of ecological tourism. Based on a comprehensive analysis it concludes that tourism in Kazakhstan is not developed nor is there the political will to adopt a common organizational approach to the development of sustainable eco-tourism. In the methodological part of the paper, the authors develop the most important aspect – the “life cycle of the tourism product”, particularly its sustainability. The authors demonstrate its features, allocate life cycle stages and discuss the causes and factors contributing to the rate of aging of the product.
  • Natural Recreation Potential of the West Kazakhstan Region of the Republic of Kazakhstan

    Natural Recreation Potential of the West Kazakhstan Region of the Republic of Kazakhstan

    GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites Year XIII, vol. 32, no. 4, 2020, p.1355-1361 ISSN 2065-1198, E-ISSN 2065-0817 DOI 10.30892/gtg.32424-580 NATURAL RECREATION POTENTIAL OF THE WEST KAZAKHSTAN REGION OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN Bibigul CHASHINA L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Satpayev Str., 2, 010008 Nur-Sultan, Republic of Kazakhstan, e-mail: [email protected] Nurgul RAMAZANOVA L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Satpayev Str., 2, 010008 Nur-Sultan, Republic of Kazakhstan, e-mail: [email protected] Emin ATASOY Bursa Uludag University, 6059, Gorukle, Bursa, Turkye, e-mail: [email protected] Zharas BERDENOV* L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Satpayev Str., 2, 010008 Nur-Sultan, Republic of Kazakhstan, e-mail: [email protected] Dorina Camelia ILIEȘ University of Oradea, Faculty of Geography, Tourism and Sport, Department of Geography, Tourism and Territorial Planning, Oradea, Romania, e-mail: [email protected] Citation: Chashina, B., Ramazanova, N., Atasoy, E., Berdenov, Zh., & Ilieș, D.C. (2020). NATURAL RECREATION POTENTIAL OF THE WEST KAZAKHSTAN REGION OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN. GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites, 32(4), 1355–1361. https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.32424-580 Abstract: This article is an attempt to assess the natural and recreational potential of the West Kazakhstan region. This technique consists of different stages: assessment of the territory concerning the recreational potential, according to the physical and geographi cal conditions; determination of administrative districts (units) within each of the recreational development zones; inventory of specially protected natural areas.The main criterion for the quantitative assessment was the presence of specially protected natural areas, their number and occupied area.
  • FEATURES of the DISTRIBUTION of THREE SPECIES of FISH TREMATODES in PAVLODAR REGION of KAZAKHSTAN Kanat AKHMETOV1,2, Diana MARALBAYEVA1

    FEATURES of the DISTRIBUTION of THREE SPECIES of FISH TREMATODES in PAVLODAR REGION of KAZAKHSTAN Kanat AKHMETOV1,2, Diana MARALBAYEVA1

    FEATURES OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF THREE SPECIES OF FISH TREMATODES IN PAVLODAR REGION OF KAZAKHSTAN KANAT AKHMETOV1,2, DIANA MARALBAYEVA1 1Department of Biology and Ecology, S. Toraighyrov Pavlodar State University, Lomov St., 64, Pavlodar, 140000, Pavlodar, Kazakhstan 2Corresponding author: phone: +77770667348; e-mail: [email protected] Abstract. The aim of the study is to determine the distribution of three species of fish trematodes in the Pavlodar region, as well as features of infection of definitive hosts and their parasitological analysis. The prospect of studying the fish trematode fauna of the North-East Kazakhstan is relevant because the life cycle of this group of parasitic worms depends on several groups of organisms that are intermediate, accessory and final hosts. 3 species of trematodes were identified: Azygia lucii, Bunodera luciopercae, Sphaerostomum bramae. The indicators of the invasion, prevalence and abundance index of parasites within the examined fish species were determined. The results demonstrated a good state of the intermediate hosts living in the Irtysh River and its reservoirs, infected by the three species of trematodes. Key words: fish parasites; parasitological analysis; Trematoda. INTRODUCTION are notable for the alternation of generations with a change of hosts: two intermediate and a final one. The role of the Azygia lucii (Müller, 1776) is a widespread species of fish final hosts has representatives of many families of ray-finned trematodes found in Europe, North America, the European fish. However, most parasites of freshwater fishes may infect and Asian countries of the Commonwealth of Independent the marine species as well. These trematodes are distributed States. The main host of A.
  • Central Asia's Ili River Ecosystem As a Wicked Problem

    Central Asia's Ili River Ecosystem As a Wicked Problem

    water Review Central Asia’s Ili River Ecosystem as a Wicked Problem: Unraveling Complex Interrelationships at the Interface of Water, Energy, and Food Steven G. Pueppke 1,2,3,*, Sabir T. Nurtazin 4, Norman A. Graham 2,5 and Jiaguo Qi 3 ID 1 Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, 1066 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA 2 Center for European, Russian, and Eurasian Studies, Michigan State University, 427 North Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; [email protected] 3 Center for Global Change and Earth Observations, Michigan State University, 1405 South Harrison Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; [email protected] 4 Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 Al-Farabi Avenue, 050040 Almaty, Kazakhstan; [email protected] 5 James Madison College, Michigan State University, 842 Chestnut Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-269-888-1150 Received: 13 January 2018; Accepted: 17 April 2018; Published: 24 April 2018 Abstract: The Ili River originates in the mountains of Xinjiang, China, and flows across an increasingly arid landscape before terminating in Kazakhstan’s Lake Balkhash, which has no outlet to the ocean. The river has been extensively impounded and diverted over the past half century to produce hydroelectric power and food on irrigated land. Water withdrawals are increasing to the extent that they are beginning to threaten the ecosystem, just as it is becoming stressed by altered inflows as glaciers retreat and disappear. If the Ili River ecosystem is to be preserved, it is crucial that we thoroughly understand the spatial and temporal nuances of the interrelationships between water, energy, and food—and the vulnerability of these components to climate change.
  • Canyons of the Charyn River (South-East Kazakhstan): Geological History and Geotourism

    Canyons of the Charyn River (South-East Kazakhstan): Geological History and Geotourism

    GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites Year XIV, vol. 34, no. 1, 2021, p.102-111 ISSN 2065-1198, E-ISSN 2065-0817 DOI 10.30892/gtg.34114-625 CANYONS OF THE CHARYN RIVER (SOUTH-EAST KAZAKHSTAN): GEOLOGICAL HISTORY AND GEOTOURISM Saida NIGMATOVA Institute of Geological Sciences named after K.I. Satpaev, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, e-mail: [email protected] Aizhan ZHAMANGARА L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Satpayev Str., 2, 010008 Nur-Sultan, Republic of Kazakhstan, Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, e-mail: [email protected] Bolat BAYSHASHOV Institute of Geological Sciences named after K.I. Satpaev, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, e-mail: [email protected] Nurganym ABUBAKIROVA L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Satpayev Str., 2, 010008 Nur-Sultan, Republic of Kazakhstan, e-mail: [email protected] Shahizada AKMAGAMBET L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Satpayev Str., 2, 010008 Nur-Sultan, Republic of Kazakhstan, e-mail: [email protected] Zharas ВERDENOV* L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Satpayev Str., 2, 010008 Nur-Sultan, Republic of Kazakhstan, e-mail: [email protected] Citation: Nigmatova, S., Zhamangara, A., Bayshashov, B., Abubakirova, N., Akmagambet S., & Berdenov, Zh. (2021). CANYONS OF THE CHARYN RIVER (SOUTH-EAST KAZAKHSTAN): GEOLOGICAL HISTORY AND GEOTOURISM. GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites, 34(1), 102–111. https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.34114-625 Abstract: The Charyn River is located in South-East Kazakhstan, 195 km east of Almaty. The river valley cuts through Paleozoic rocks and loose sandy-clay deposits of the Cenozoic and forms amazingly beautiful canyons, the so-called "Valley of Castles".