DOCSLIB.ORG

Lebanon “World Food Programme Was Forced to Cancel a Planned OCHA Situation Report No

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Lebanon “World Food Programme Was Forced to Cancel a Planned OCHA Situation Report No Lebanon “World Food Programme was forced to cancel a planned OCHA Situation Report No. 8 aid convoy to a southern Lebanese town today because Issued 30 July 2006 Israeli forces declined to give their agreement.” OCHA Situation Report No. 8 0 10 20 El Aarida Humanitarian organizations continue 210,000 in TURKEY IDPs and Refugees to lack consistent, open and safe El Aarida Kilometers Dabusiya Syrian Arab Rep., access to affected populations. Rene Mouawad Cyprus, Jordan (Civil and Military) Halba Lebanon and Gulf area El Aarida - 29 Jul (WFP) Killed: 620 reported Bhannine 150,000 Refugees 1st land crossing point. 10 trucks From El Aarida - 30 Jul (WFP) 5,000-10,000 new Injured: 3,225 reported CYPRUS from Beirut to pick up first Tripoli Relief convoy scheduled. comers per day Displaced: 907,000 (1/4 of population) consignment of aid from El LEBANON Qattin Hermel SYRIAN Aarida. 125,000 in schools Israel Zgharta ARAB Killed: 51 reported 7 trucks loaded with tents, 550,000 with family, REP. mattresses and other shelter Amioun ASH SHAMAL friends, church, materials from UNHCR, 3 with mosque Bcharre supplies from UNICEF. Batroun 115,000 Third Country Nationals AL BIQA' Gaza West Bank SAUDI Jbaïl y ISRAEL ARABIA Mediterranean JORDAN El Aarida - Beirut JABAL e EGYPT Currently the only road LUBNAN LEBANON l open continuously. l An Nabh Sea Joûnie To southern Lebanon a Baalbek Yabrud BEIRUT From Monday, WFP V plans to send at least 2 Chouf, Aaley and Baabda (UNDP) Beirut convoys/day. 2 warehouses establishedRayak in Baabda a Beirut Aaley coordinationZahle with governors of Chouf Lebanon - Syria (IOM) Rafic Hariri INTL and Aley.a DistributionRayak of non-food 300 Sri Lankans evacuated and Beirut - 30 Jul (Civil and Military) Ash (military) 250 Filipinos and 150 Ethiopians Bhamdoun items.q Hundreds of protesters staged violent assisted on 29 Jul. Total of 2,000 demonstration in response to air-strike. e of stranded migrants evacuated Qana - 30 Jul by IOM. B Masnaa >57 civilians (at least 34 children) killed in Hurnah deadliest Israeli strike of conflict. 3-story building Joub Jannine destroyed. Saïda Ain Zebde Duma (Sidon) Jezzine To Marjayoun (WFP) Damascus 6-truck convoy with In and around Tyre - (International Mulayhah medicines, wheat flour, Created by the ReliefWeb Map Centre Rachaïya Medical Corps) canned meat and 'Aqraba Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Providing essential medical supplies, Hasbaïya vegetable oil cancelled. United Nations - 30 July 2006 Nabatiye supporting Hiram Hospital and 4 Marjayoun Palestinian refugee camps which house NABATIYE Khiam International Boundary Railroad approx. 40,000 Palestinian refugees and AL Area of Addaisseh - 30,000 Lebanese. JUNUB Boundary of former Sur (Tyre) Addaisseh 29 Jul Airport 8-18 9-63 2 UNIFIL soldiers from palestine mandate Around Tyre (ICRC) the Indian battalion Port Qana Mar UNDOF SYRIAN ARAB 2,000 packs of food aid as well UNIFIL Qiryat moderately wounded. Provincial Boundary as medical supplies. Delivered At Tiri Shemona Convoy Bent Jbaïl REPUBLIC National Capital 7 convoys of aid from Beirut to Naqoura Al Qunaytirah Aytarun Qiryat Shemona - 30 Jul Major Road Bezet Ayn Ibil Marun Al Ras Camp Tyre since 12 July. ZiouaniHit by Hezbollah rockets, Populated Place Yarin 5-22 6-50 several people wounded. UN Mission Al Duhayra Built-up Area South Lebanon Ramyah UN Mission Affected populations and aid workers exposed IDP Concentrations Headquarters to high threats when traveling by road. Nawa Border Crossing UN Observation Post Communities trapped by military operations, Haifa Shefar'am afraid to leave current shelter and travel on Lake Tiberias Map data sources: UN Cartographic Section, Schéma Directeur open roads. Tiberias Mizpa d'Aménagement du Territoire Libanais, Global Discovery, Arcworld, World ISRAEL Giv'at HaMore Aero Data, UNIFIL. The names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations..
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Herpetofauna of Lebanon: New Data on Distribution by Souad Hraoui-Bloquet, Riyad A
    The herpetofauna of Lebanon: new data on distribution by Souad Hraoui-Bloquet, Riyad A. Sadek, Roberto Sindaco, and Alberto Venchi Abstract. This paper reports more tIia11 400 original data on the Lebanese herpetotiuna (covering 5 mphibians and 44 reptiles), deriving liom museum collecllons and recent lield observations. The most interesting data concern: (a) C:vity1ohoi7 ornicto~~holi.~,a species known only from Mt. Hermon, reported for the first time from Mt. Lehanon Range; (b) Lrrcerto,/i.atr.,i, previously con- rldered endemic to the Mount Lebanon Range. also recorded from Antilebanon; (c) the occur- rence of Moci~~r~iperiiIehetii7rr is contir~nedw~th certainty kom two localities in the north. New records are glben Ibr many specles known in Lebanon only on the basis of very few and often old repolts. Kurzfassung. In diescr Arbeit werden iiber 400 un\~eroffcntlicliteDaten zu 5 Amphibien- und 44 Reptilien-Arten des Libanon mitgeteilt, die auf Museumssamn~lungzn und elgenen Feldbeobachtungen basieren. Die Daten umfassen, unter anderem, folgende interessante Feststellungcn: (a) Ci~i.fopotiioiicri~ictopiiolis, eine Art, die bisher nur vom Mt. Hennon bekannt ist. wurde erstmals in1 Gebiet des Mt. Lcbanon gefunden; (h) L~rcevtafi~~~rsr. die bisher als mdemlscll liir das Gcbiet des Mt. Lehanon angesehen \wrde, wurde nun auch im .Antilibanon festgestellt; (c) das sichcre Vorkommen \on Clrrci.oi,iptwr lehe/ii~tr\\id an z\\ci Stellen im &orden Jes Landes bestiitigt. Filr viele Altcn, die 311s dem Libanon nur aufgrund sehr weniger und hautig alter Zitate bekannt sind, \+erden neue Nachweiae ,nelneldet. Key words. Lc\ant, Middle East, roogeography, faun~stics,Amph~bia.
    [Show full text]
  • Inter-Agency Q&A on Humanitarian Assistance and Services in Lebanon (Inqal)
    INQAL- INTER AGENCY Q&A ON HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE AND SERVICES IN LEBANON INTER-AGENCY Q&A ON HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE AND SERVICES IN LEBANON (INQAL) Disclaimers: The INQAL is to be utilized mainly as a mass information guide to address questions from persons of concern to humanitarian agencies in Lebanon The INQAL is to be used by all humanitarian workers in Lebanon The INQAL is also to be used for all available humanitarian hotlines in Lebanon The INQAL is a public document currently available in the Inter-Agency Information Sharing web portal page for Lebanon: http://data.unhcr.org/syrianrefugees/documents.php?page=1&view=grid&Country%5B%5D=122&Searc h=%23INQAL%23 The INQAL should not be handed out to refugees If you and your organisation wish to publish the INQAL on any website, please notify the UNHCR Information Management and Mass Communication Units in Lebanon: [email protected] and [email protected] Updated in April 2015 INQAL- INTER AGENCY Q&A ON HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE AND SERVICES IN LEBANON INTER-AGENCY Q&A ON HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE AND SERVICES IN LEBANON (INQAL) EDUCATION ................................................................................................................................................................ 3 FOOD ........................................................................................................................................................................ 35 FOOD AND ELIGIBILITY ............................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • QUARTERLY REPORT LEBANON COMMUNITY SUPPORT PROGRAM October – December 2019
    LEBANON COMMUNITY SUPPOT PROGRAM QUARTERLY REPORT LEBANON COMMUNITY SUPPORT PROGRAM October – December 2019 DISCLAIMER The authors’ views expressed in this deliverable do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States government. DISCLAIMER The authors’ views expressed in this deliverable do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States government. USAID/LEBANON COMMUNITY SUPPORT PROGRAM FY2010 Q1 QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT: OCTOBER – DECECEMBER 2019 JANUARY 30, 2020 IDIQ Contract No. 72026818D00005 Task Order No. 1 72026818F00002 Task Order No. 2 72026818F00003 Task Order No. 3 72026819F00001 Task Order No. 5 72026819F00003 USAID/Lebanon Community Support Program (CSP) Chemonics International Inc. Fattal-Dolphin Building, 4th Floor, Sin el Fil Beirut, Lebanon FRONT COVER PHOTO A woman in the southern village of Tanbourit uses a mechanical olive harvesting machine provided by USAID through CSP. Mechanical harvesting machines improve efficiency and decrease the cost of producing olive oil. CSP provided eight of them, worth $12,000, to benefit 54 families in Tanbourit, helping alleviate tensions that were arising as farmers were forced to compete for scarce resources. BACK COVER PHOTO Students sit in desks in a classroom at the Al Salam Public Mixed School, which serves 518 Lebanese students and more than 400 Syrian refugee students in the northern region of Akkar. Despite the roadblocks and other complications during the quarter, CSP managed to complete its procurement and rehabilitation intervention at the school, totaling some $67,000. CONTENTS ACRONYMS 1 I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 II. BACKGROUND AND COUNTRY CONTEXT 5 III.
    [Show full text]
  • The Israeli Experience in Lebanon, 1982-1985
    THE ISRAELI EXPERIENCE IN LEBANON, 1982-1985 Major George C. Solley Marine Corps Command and Staff College Marine Corps Development and Education Command Quantico, Virginia 10 May 1987 ABSTRACT Author: Solley, George C., Major, USMC Title: Israel's Lebanon War, 1982-1985 Date: 16 February 1987 On 6 June 1982, the armed forces of Israel invaded Lebanon in a campaign which, although initially perceived as limited in purpose, scope, and duration, would become the longest and most controversial military action in Israel's history. Operation Peace for Galilee was launched to meet five national strategy goals: (1) eliminate the PLO threat to Israel's northern border; (2) destroy the PLO infrastructure in Lebanon; (3) remove Syrian military presence in the Bekaa Valley and reduce its influence in Lebanon; (4) create a stable Lebanese government; and (5) therefore strengthen Israel's position in the West Bank. This study examines Israel's experience in Lebanon from the growth of a significant PLO threat during the 1970's to the present, concentrating on the events from the initial Israeli invasion in June 1982 to the completion of the withdrawal in June 1985. In doing so, the study pays particular attention to three aspects of the war: military operations, strategic goals, and overall results. The examination of the Lebanon War lends itself to division into three parts. Part One recounts the background necessary for an understanding of the war's context -- the growth of PLO power in Lebanon, the internal power struggle in Lebanon during the long and continuing civil war, and Israeli involvement in Lebanon prior to 1982.
    [Show full text]
  • Fy2020 Annual Report Lebanon Community Support Program
    LEBANON COMMUNITY SUPPORT PROGRAM FY2020 ANNUAL REPORT LEBANON COMMUNITY SUPPORT PROGRAM DISCLAIMER The authors’ views expressed in this deliverable do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States government. FY2020 ANNUAL REPORT USAID/LEBANON COMMUNITY SUPPORT PROGRAM OCTOBER 30, 2020 REVISED: DECEMBER 14, 2020 IDIQ Contract No. 72026818D00005 Task Order No. 1 72026818F00002 Task Order No. 2 72026818F00003 Task Order No. 3 72026819F00001 Task Order No. 5 72026819F00003 USAID/Lebanon Community Support Program (CSP) Chemonics International Inc. Fattal-Dolphin Building, 4th Floor, Sin el Fil Beirut, Lebanon FRONT COVER PHOTO Workers undergo a training from the community support director ahead of their first day of clean-up work as part of CSP’s response to the August 4, 2020, explosions in Beirut. The workers received USD 20 per workday to remove rubble and debris through a mix of manual labor and heavy machinery. By the end of Fiscal Year 2020, more than 300 CSP-contracted workers had removed a total of 3,929 tons of debris and rubble from blast-affected neighborhoods. BACK COVER PHOTO Members of the Women’s COOP for Agricultural Products in Jdaidet el Qaitaa (Akkar) package products during a CSP-provided training in July 2020 focused on improving production methods and standardizing recipes. The training is complementing CSP’s activities to finish building a new center for the women’s operations, helping to generate much-needed income for women from one of Lebanon’s most
    [Show full text]
  • Assessing Water Quality Management Options in the Upper Litani Basin, Lebanon, Using an Integrated GIS-Based Decision Support System
    Environmental Modelling & Software 23 (2008) 1327–1337 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Environmental Modelling & Software journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/envsoft Assessing water quality management options in the Upper Litani Basin, Lebanon, using an integrated GIS-based decision support system Hamed Assaf a,*, Mark Saadeh b,1 a Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, AUB POBox 11-0236 Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon b Water Quality Department, Litani River Authority, Beirut, Lebanon article info abstract Article history: The widespread and relentless discharge of untreated wastewater into the Upper Litani Basin (ULB) river Received 14 September 2007 system in Lebanon has reached staggering levels rendering its water unfit for most uses especially during Received in revised form 18 March 2008 the drier times of the year. Despite the call by governmental and non-governmental agencies to develop Accepted 19 March 2008 several wastewater treatment plants and sewage networks in an effort to control this problem, these Available online 5 May 2008 efforts do not seem to be coordinated or based on comprehensive and integrated assessments of current and projected conditions in the basin. Keywords: This paper provides an overview of the development and implementation of an integrated decision Water support system (DSS) designed to help policy makers and other stakeholders have a clearer un- Environmental planning Water quality control derstanding of the key factors and processes involved in the sewage induced degradation of surface Decision support systems water quality in the ULB, and formulate, assess and evaluate alternative management plans.
    [Show full text]
  • Layout CAZA Bint Jbeil.Indd
    (Tyre) (Sidon) Qada’ Jezzine Qada’ Bint Jbeil Qada’ Sour Qada’ Al-Nabatieh Qada’ Saida Qada’ Hasbaya - Marjeyoun South Lebanon South Beaches Furnished Apartments Bed & Breakfast Handicrafts Restaurants Hotels Natural Attractions Recreation South Lebanon Monuments Table of Contents äÉjƒàëªdG Qada’ Bint Jbeil 1 π«ÑL âæH AÉ°†b Map 2 á£jôîdG Ain Ebel 4-13 πHEG ø«Y Al-Tiri 5-13 …ô«£dG Bint Jbeil 6-13 π«ÑL âæH Bara’achit 7-14 â«°ûYôH Chaqra 8-14 Gô≤°T Deir Intar 9-15 QÉ£fEG ôjO Haris 10-15 ¢üjQÉM Rmeish 11-16 ¢û«eQ Tebnin 12-16 ø«æÑJ Qada’ Hasbaya-Marjeyoun 17 ¿ƒ«©Lôe - É«Ñ°UÉM AÉ°†b Map 18 á£jôîdG Al-Khiam 20-27 ΩÉ«îdG Al-Qlaya’a 21-27 á©«∏≤dG Al-Hibarieh 22-28 ájQÉÑ¡dG Marjeyoun 23-28 ¿ƒ«©Lôe Hasbaya 24-29 É«Ñ°UÉM Deir Mimas 25-29 ¢Sɪ«e ôjO Rachaya Al-Foukhar 26-30 QÉîØdG É«°TGQ Qada’ Jezzine 31 …ô°ûH AÉ°†b Map 32 á£jôîdG AL-A’aichieh 34-49 á«°û«©dG Rihan 35-49 ¿ÉëjQ A’aramta 36-49 ≈àeôY Jernaya 37-50 ÉjÉfôL Safari 38-50 ájQÉØ°U Karkha 39-50 ÉNôc A’nan 40-51 ¿ÉfCG Jezzine 41-51 øjõL Kfar Jarra 42-52 √ôLôØc A’azour 43-52 QhRÉY Mashmousheh 44-53 á°Tƒª°ûe Bkassine 45-53 ø«°SɵH Bteddine Allakish 46-54 ¢û≤∏dG øjóàH Saidoun 47-54 ¿hó«°U Qaytoula 48-54 ádƒà«b Qada’ Al-Nabatieh 55 á«£ÑædG AÉ°†b Map 56 á£jôîdG Arnoun 58-70 ¿ƒfQCG Al-Nabatieh 59-70 á«£ÑædG Jeba’a 60-71 (IhÓëdG ´ÉÑL hCG) ´ÉÑL Jarjoua’a 61-71 ´ƒLôL Houmine Al-Fawqa 62-71 ÉbƒØdG ø«eƒM Deir Al-Zahrani 63-72 »fGôgõdG ôjO Roumine 64-72 ø«ehQ Sarba 65-72 ÉHô°U Arabsalim 66-73 º«dÉ°üHôY Ain Bouswar 67-73 QGƒ°SƒH ø«Y Ain Qana 68-73 ÉfÉb ø«Y Kfarfila 69-74 Ó«aôØc Qada’ Saida 75 Gó«°U AÉ°†b
    [Show full text]
  • Lebanon “OCHA Launches Virtual HIC for Lebanon, WHO Warns of OCHA Situation Report No
    Lebanon “OCHA launches virtual HIC for Lebanon, WHO warns of OCHA Situation Report No. 7 looming health crisis .” Issued 28 July 2006 OCHA Situation Report No. 7 UNHCR: Mersin - El Aarida WFP: Brindisi (Italy) 0 10 20 210,000 in TURKEY IDPs and Refugees Beirut El Aarida OCHA launched this week a virtual - Latakia - El Aarida Mersin Syrian Arab Rep., 20 temporaryTURKEY Examining to ship Kilometers Dabusiya Rene Mouawad humanitarian information center Cyprus, Jordan 150,000 Refugees warehouses and five supplies. (Civil and Military) Halba 20,000 assisted by (vHIC) website for Lebanon in and Gulf area generators for WFP. Syrian Red Crescent UNHCR: Syria - Lebanon Bhannine order to provide immediate 5,000-10,000 new Received permission to send information management (IM) CYPRUS comers per day Latakia convoys with 500t of products and services concerning 250,000 expected of emergency relief supply. Tripoli Hermel LEBANON Larnaca Qattin the situation in the region. which 75,000 with CYPRUS Zgharta 125,000 in schools immediate needs SYRIAN IOM: Beirut - Syria - Accra www.virtualhic.org 550,000 with family, El Aarida SYRIAN ARAB (Ghana) Amioun ASH SHAMAL Submission/Contact: [email protected] friends, church, ARAB UNHCR: Larnaca LEBANON REP. Assisted some 70 Ghanaians. To mosque REP. Accra on 30 Jul. Batroun Bcharre Setting up supply Lebanon 115,000 Third base. Homs Country Nationals AL BIQA' Killed: 600 reported Gaza West IOM: Damascus - Colombo Injured: 3,225 reported Bank (Sri Lanka) SAUDI Jbaïl y Affected people: 800,000 reported ISRAEL ARABIA 300 Sri Lankan nationals. JORDAN Jordanian military plane UNHCR: Homs e Israel EGYPT 28 Jul Set up small office with 2 LEBANON l Killed: 51 reported mobile team to monitor l An Nabh 10,000 packs of water West JABAL purification tabletsGaza (over arrivals at 3 northern border Joûnie Yabrud LUBNAN a Baalbek 500,000 tablets), 250 family Bankpoints.
    [Show full text]
  • Why They Died Civilian Casualties in Lebanon During the 2006 War
    September 2007 Volume 19, No. 5(E) Why They Died Civilian Casualties in Lebanon during the 2006 War Map: Administrative Divisions of Lebanon .............................................................................1 Map: Southern Lebanon ....................................................................................................... 2 Map: Northern Lebanon ........................................................................................................ 3 I. Executive Summary ........................................................................................................... 4 Israeli Policies Contributing to the Civilian Death Toll ....................................................... 6 Hezbollah Conduct During the War .................................................................................. 14 Summary of Methodology and Errors Corrected ............................................................... 17 II. Recommendations........................................................................................................ 20 III. Methodology................................................................................................................ 23 IV. Legal Standards Applicable to the Conflict......................................................................31 A. Applicable International Law ....................................................................................... 31 B. Protections for Civilians and Civilian Objects ...............................................................33
    [Show full text]
  • Litani River Basin Management Support Program
    LITANI RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT SUPPORT PROGRAM FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS IN THE LITANI RIVER BASIN February 2012 This report was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). It was prepared by International Resources Group (IRG) under Contract EPP-I-00-04-00024-00 order no 7. LITANI RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT SUPPORT PROGRAM FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS IN THE LITANI RIVER BASIN Contract No.: EPP-I-00-04-00024-00 order no 7. FEBRUARY 2012 DISCLAIMER The author’s views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government TABLE OF CONTENTS 2. INTRODUCTION ················································································ 3 2.1. Litani River Basin Physical Overview ............................................................................................... 1 3. TREATMENT WETLANDS OVERVIEW ················································ 4 3.1. History .................................................................................................................................................... 4 3.2. Ancillary Benefits .................................................................................................................................. 5 3.3. Types of Systems .................................................................................................................................. 5 4. LITANI RIVER BASIN PILOT WETLANDS SITE AND TYPE
    [Show full text]
  • Water Accounting in the Litani River Basin A
    REMOTE SENSING FOR WATER PRODUCTIVITY WATER ACCOUNTING SERIES Water Accounting in the Litani River Basin A REMOTE SENSING FOR WATER PRODUCTIVITY WATER ACCOUNTING SERIES FAO and IHE Delft. 2019. Water Accounting in the Litani River Basin – Remote sensing for water productivity. Water accounting series. Rome. – Cover photograph: Wikimedia Commons Contents Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................................... 1 Abbreviations and acronyms ........................................................................................................................ 2 Executive summary ....................................................................................................................................... 3 1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 5 2 Methodology ......................................................................................................................................... 8 2.1 WaPOR database .......................................................................................................................... 8 2.1.1 Precipitation .......................................................................................................................... 8 2.1.2 Actual evapotranspiration and interception ....................................................................... 10 2.1.3 Basin scale water
    [Show full text]
  • Vision Mission Solutions Approach
    Vision The vitality of water and environmental systems are indicators of a civilization’s progress. Difaf is committed to contribute to an equitable and sustainable world for the growth and prosperity of communities, where clean waters are restored, ecological systems are in balance, and natural resources are conserved. Mission Difaf, meaning “river banks or shorelines” in Arabic, is a concept design bureau and technical service provider for developing environmental solutions. We bring together engineering and scientific skills, policy research, and ethics into development projects. We target sectors where the largest impacts on the social and ecological environs are produced: water, wastewater, agriculture, energy, and waste management. Difaf services can cover part or the complete project cycle; from field studies and feasibility assessments, to environmental evaluations and technical designs, to procurement, commissioning, capacity building, and monitoring & evaluation. Solutions Whether for isolated services or complete turn-key solutions, Difaf solutions include: • Water Resources Management: Water audits and balances, river basin and integrated water management plans, rainwater harvesting, water retention landscaping, hill-lakes, springs evaluation and protection, water treatment, recycling and monitoring. • Wastewater Treatment & Reuse: Domestic, commercial, industrial wastewater treatment, grey- water treatment, constructed wetlands & reed-bed filters, reuse assessments for irrigation or commercial purposes, sludge treatment &
    [Show full text]