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WARBLER &Lpar;SYLVIIDAE, <I>BRADYPTERUS</I>

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WARBLER &Lpar;SYLVIIDAE, <I>BRADYPTERUS</I> The Auk A Quarterly Journalof Ornithology Vol. 117 No. 2 April 2000 The Auk 117(2):279-289, 2000 A NEW BUSH-WARBLER (SYLVIIDAE, BRADYPTERUS) FROM TAIWAN PAMELA C. RASMUSSEN,L5 PHILIP D. ROUND,2 EDWARD C. DICKINSON,3 AND E G. ROZENDAAL 4 •Divisionof Birds,Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560,USA; and Michigan State University Museum,East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA; 2Centerfor ConservationBiology, Faculty of Science,Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road,Bangkok 10400, Thailand; 3TheTrust for OrientalOrnithology, Flat 3, BolsoverCourt, 19 BolsoverRoad, Eastbourne BN20 7JG, UnitedKingdom; and 4Akker 113, 3732 XC De Bill The Netherlands ABSTRACT.--Abush-warbler of the genusBradypterus, known from the mountainsof Tai- wan since 1917,has never been formally named as a distinct taxon.Songs of the Taiwan populationdiffer strikinglyfrom thoseof its Asiancongeners in beingmuch clearer, sweeter, more piercing,and in having a very different structureof elements.Several subtle but con- sistentmorphological differences exist between specimens from Taiwanand all namedtaxa, principallyin bill sizeand shape, plumage color and reduced variability, pattern of undertail coverts,and wing formula.Therefore, the Taiwan population is besttreated as a newspecies. Received17 December1998, accepted30 August 1999. BRADYPTERUS BUSH-WARBLERS were first col- from southern Vietnam. At that time, Delacour lected in the mountains of Taiwan in 1917 (1952)correctly reversed Seebohm's (1881) syn- (Hachisukaand Udagawa1951). The popula- onymizationof what hasbecome known as B. tion initially was treated as Bradypterusluteo- seebohmi(Ogilvie-Grant) of southernAsia and ventris(Hodgson), which is a widespreadspe- the Philippineswith B. luteoventris.However, ciesin southernAsia. Severalspecimens were Delacourentirely omitted the easternHimala- depictedand discussedby Kuroda (1938), and yan population named B. mandelli(Brooks); we the nestingwas describedby Yamashinaand usethis namehereafter because it haspriority Yamada (1937). Hachisuka and Udagawa over the name B. seebohmi(Dickinson et al. (1951) tentatively treated the Taiwan bird as 1998). Most later authors referred the Taiwan "B. luteoventrissubsp.?" but indicatedthat it populationto the race from adjacenteastern shouldbe comparedwith the race B. l. mela- China, B. mandellimelanorhynchus (Meyer de norhynchus(Rickett) of adjacenteastern China. Schauensee1984, Watson 1986, Cheng Tso-hsin In his revisionof Bradypterus,Delacour (1943) 1987), and photographsof the Taiwan bird overlookedthe Taiwanpopulation, but later,af- haveappeared under the name Bradypterus see- ter Hachisukasent him four specimens,Dela- bohmi(Sha Qianzhong 1992:194-195). cour (1952)concluded that Taiwaneseand Thai More recently, PDR, FGR, and P. Alstr6m specimensbelonged to thetaxon idoneus, which (pers.comm.) realized, on the basisof its dis- previouslywas known only from the holotype tinctivesong, that the Taiwanform mustbe an undescribedspecies, and PCR could not iden- E-mail: [email protected] tify specimensfrom Taiwan as either B. man- 279 280 RASMUSSENETAL. [Auk, Vol. 117 dellior B. luteoventris.Subsequent study of mor- browner,less olive upperparts,and muchnar- phologyand vocalizationshas confirmedthat rower pale tips on the undertail coverts.Com- the Taiwaneseform is an undescribedspecies, pared with B. luteoventris(n = 26; seecover), B. which we proposeto name: alishanensisdiffers structurallyin having the bill tip slightly wider (from above)and more Bradypterusalishanensis sp. nov. evenlytapered (on sideview). Its plumagedif- Taiwan Bush-Warbler fers in that the throat is speckled,the upper- parts are redder, the sideslack bright yellow- Holotype.--NationalMuseum of Natural His- ish-buff, the undertail coverts have more defi- tory (USNM) 483830, adult female from Ta- nite pale tips, and the upper surfaceof the rec- Kuan, Hua Lian Hsien (=Ta-Kuan-Ts'un, Hua- trices is paler than B. luteoventris(Table 2). Lien Hsien; 23ø45'N, 121ø25'E),Taiwan, about Adult B. alishanensisalso have a partially or en- 48 km southwestof Hua Lien (alonga railroad tirely dark lower mandible (vs. always pale in near a lumber camp named Ta Kuan) at about luteoventris),and the interramal skin often is 1,270 m elevation(C. Fennell unpubl. data, ar- unfeathered and dark (vs. white-feathered in chivedat The Trust for Oriental Ornithology); luteoventris). collected25 March 1960by C. Fennell(Robert Comparedwith B. m. mandelli(n = 24, indi- E. Kuntz collectionon label), BH 952, NAMRU- rect comparisonwith 14 others;see Dickinson 2 Project. et al. 2000 for revised racial boundaries), B. ali- Diagnosis.bMedium-sized,rather long-tailed, shanensisdiffers structurally in its finer, nar- large-footed bush-warbler,with a relatively rower bill, with a smallergonydeal angle; nar- slender bill (cover, Table 1). Upperparts uni- rower and less-exposednares; longer wings, formly dark dull brown, throat whitish with with a broaderinner "hand"; less-pointedtips vagueto prominentsmall brown specklescon- to freshrectrices; and larger feet (Table1). Bra- centratedin center,breast pale grayish-brown, dypterusalishanensis has drabberbrown upper- flanksrelatively drab brownish, and longestun- parts, a narrowerwhite throat owing to the dertail covertspale dull brown with indistinct brown malar region, and a stronger pale su- whitish tips. percilium aboveand behind the eye (cover,Ta- The following comparisonswere made di- ble 2). The throatspeckling is variablebut usu- rectly for 12 B. alishanensisspecimens, photo- ally is mostdistinct on the centerof the throat, graphsand measurements of anotherspecimen with at mosta few speckleson the uppermost studied separately(MKB 75422), and photo- breast.In contrast,in spottedB. mandelli,the graphsonly of five othersat the YamashinaIn- specklesare heavieston the upper breast.No stitute (seeAppendix). "Indirect comparison" B. alishanensisspecimens exhibit the largedark as used below refersto comparisonsof photo- throat spots found in some B. mandelli.The graphsand measurements.For consistency,all sides of the breast are much less variable in col- measurementswere taken by PCR. Ascendant or, being dull pale grayish-brown;the flanks numbering(i.e. outer to inner) of primariesand lack or havea weakercinnamon tinge; the dis- maximum wing arc are used to provide consis- tal undertail coverts are much paler brown, tency with previouswork on sylviids (Svens- with lesscontrastingly pale tips; and the tail is son 1992:15-16, 20-21). paler (Table 2). Overall, B. alishanensisis more The Taiwan Bush-Warbler differs from the uniformbrown and muchless variable in plum- Spotted Bush-Warbler(B. thoracicus;n = 65) age than B. mandelli(cover). and the SiberianBush-Warbler (B. [t.] davidi;n Comparedwith the easternChinese race B. = 11) in havinga muchlonger and less-round- mandellimelanorhynchus (n = 5, indirect com- ed tail, with stiffer shaft tips on the rectrices. parisonwith 5 others),B. alishanensisdiffers as Comparedwith the latter two taxa, the plum- from B. m. mandelli,but B. m. melanorhynchusis age nearly lacks gray or rufescenttones, and more similar to B. alishanensisin color of up- the undertail covertshave much paler bases perparts and in wing formula (Tables 1, 2). that contrastless with the tips. Comparedwith the two known specimensof Comparedwith ChineseBush-Warblers (B. the southern Vietnam race in which Delacour tacsanowskius;n = 24), B. alishanensishas a (1952) placedTaiwan birds (B. mandelliidoneus, much longer,broader outermostprimary (P1), n = 1, indirectcomparison with 1 other),B. ali- April 2000] New Bush-Warblerfrom Taiwan 281 282 RASMUSSENETAL. [Auk, Vol. 117 TABLE2. Summarystatistics (• --- SD, n) for colorimetriccomparisons (using a Minolta CR-221chromo- meter)between Bradypterus alishanensis and relatedtaxa. Higher valuesof L indicateincreasing lightness, highervalues of a increasingredness (vs. greenness),and highervalues of b increasingyellowness (vs. blueness).Significance levels as for Table 1. Taxon Type of Variable mandelli melanorhynchus idoneus alishanensis luteoventris Crown L 29.4 -- 1.6, 25 30.2 ñ 1.4, 5 25.2 29.3 ñ 2.5, 5 29.7 --- 1.1, 18 a 6.0 ñ 0.6, 25* 5.3 + 0.8, 5 5.6 5.4 +_ 0.4, 5 4.9 + 0.5, 18' b 15.0 ñ 1.4, 25 14.6 ñ 1.3, 5 14.5 14.9 ñ 0.7, 5 14.6 ñ 1.1, 18 Mantle L 29.9 ñ 1.7, 24 29.7 ___0.8, 5 27.1 29.8 --- 2.2, 5 31.0 --- 1.0, 18 a 6.0 + 0.7, 24* 5.8 ñ 0.5, 5 5.2 5.1 _ 0.6, 5 4.7 ñ 0.6, 18 b 16.5 + 1.4, 24* 16.5 ñ 1.3, 5 14.7 15.3 ñ 0.8, 5 16.1 ñ 1.6, 18 Sides of breast L 45.6 ñ 3.5, 27 48.4 ñ 7.3, 3 51.7 43.6 ñ 2.6, 5 51.4 ñ 2.9, 23*** a 3.3 ñ 1.3, 27 2.0 ñ 1.0, 3 1.4 2.8 ñ 0.8, 5 3.3 +_ 1.2, 23 b 15.2 ñ 4.0, 27 11.6 + 6.4, 3 13.6 14.3 + 3.2, 5 20.9 ñ 3.0, 23** Longest undertail coverts L 39.9 ñ 2.2, 15'** 42.1 +_ 1.6, 4* 41.4 46.5 ñ 3.3, 5 46.2 + 3.7, 2O a 3.9 + 0.6, 15' 3.9 + 0.3, 4 3.1 4.8 ñ 0.8, 5 5.1 _ 0.7, 2O b 14.3 + 1.8, 15'* 15.3 ñ 1.3, 4** 15.5 19.3 ñ 2.0, 5 21.5 ___2.7, 2O Upper surface of central rectrix L 29.5 ñ 1.5, 16'* 30.2 ñ 1.5, 4 27.5 32.3 + 1.5, 5 29.6 ñ 2.2, 21'* a 5.0 ñ 0.4, 16 5.2 ñ 0.3, 4 4.5 5.0 +- 0.4, 5 5.2 +__0.3, 4 b 11.2 ñ 1.2, 16' 12.7 ñ 1.0, 4 9.2 12.8 ñ 1.2, 5 13.1 ñ 1.6, 21 shanensisagain differsmuch as from nominate rower outerprimaries. In plumage,the upper- B. m. mandelli(Tables I and 2). However, B. m. partsof B. alishanensisare muchless russet, the idoneushas an evenbroader innerwing than B. freshfeathers (especially rectrices) are less de- alishanensis,and its upperpartsare darkerthan composed,the rear superciliumand auriculars thoseof B.
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