DOCSLIB.ORG

ABLA/VASC Meters2 Biophysical

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
ABLA/VASC Meters2 Biophysical Table 2.1—Hierarchical relations between assessment scales and various types of ecosystem delineation. Biophysical Environments Existing Conditions Assessment Terrestrial Aquatic Vegetation Social Scale Units1 Units2 Units3 Assessment Units Global Domain Zoogeographic Region Class Continent Continental Division Zoogeographic Subregion Subclass Nation Regional Province River Basin Group State Subregion Section Subsection Subbasin Formation County Landscape Landtype Association Watershed/Subwatershed Series Community Land Unit Landtype Phase Valley Section/Stream Reach Association Neighborhood Site Ecological Site Channel Unit Species Individual 'ECO Map 1993 2USDA Forest Service 1994a 3Driscoll and others 1984 Example: ABLA/VASC 107 106 105 Fire Group 7 (0 ABLA Rocky Forests Mountain Subalpine 102 Forest ABLA Seecf\Snowbank Germination 104 106 108 1010 1012 Meters2 Plot/Stand Landscape i Ecoregion Continent ABLA=Subalpine Fir PICO=Lodgepole Pine VASC=Grouse Whortleberry Figure 2.2—An ecosystem characterization example of subalpine fir forests in the Northern Rocky Mountains. Biophysical 113 Ecological units (Bailey and others 1994a; Cleland » Geologic Environments and others, in press; McNab and Avers 1994), • Geoclimatic Ecological Units \,land units (Zonneveld 1989), ecoregions ^(Omernick 1987), biogeoclimatic ecosystems » Potential Vegetation Settings (Meidinger and Pojar 1991), and land systems * Hydrologic Environments (Christian and Stewart 1968) are examples of biophysical environment mapping systems that » Integrated Ecological Reporting Units delineate ecologically homogeneous environments Ecological pattern and process relations, successional at different spatial scales based primarily on climatic, pathway dynamics, and management potential/ geomorphic, and biotic criteria. Hierarchical hazard ratings were developed for these biophysical watershed/geoclimatic maps are additional examples environment maps to assist various SIT and Envi- of biophysical environment maps that are increas- ronmental Impact Statement (EIS) team efforts. ingly being used in aquatic system assessment Descriptions of these biophysical environments and efforts (Jensen and others 1996, Maxwell and suggestions concerning rJieir use and limitations in others 1995). ecological assessment activities are provided in The ecosystem components used in developing the following discussion. biophysical environment maps (for example, climate, landforms, geology, or soils) do not Geologic Settings change following most management activities; consequently, such maps provide a useful template Despite the fact that the geologic components of a for interpretation of data such as existing vegeta- biophysical environment do not change as a result tion that commonly display change following of management activity, geologic process rates may management treatments. These types of data change dramatically as a result of management. describe the "existing condition" of the landscape Geologic components and processes profoundly and are commonly associated with appropriate influence other ecosystem components and pro- biophysical environment settings in determining cesses, including current and potential vegetation the condition or "health" of an area. The effects of patterns and successional processes, as well as management practices on the landscape are most terrestrial and aquatic habitat and productivity, efficiently described by contrasting the "existing and human settlement patterns. Changes in condition" of an area with other managed or geologic process rates due to human activity may unmanaged areas of similar biophysical environ- also profoundly affect ecosystems through increased ment settings. This process minimizes the natural erosion, sedimentation, and toxic element release. variability among sites, facilitating more direct Human activity can also improve ecological condi- descriptions of the relations between observed tions through management activities diat preserve or landscape conditions and management treatments. mimic natural processes. From a human perspective, some important geologic processes are catastrophic; Biophysical environment maps may be delineated these include volcanic eruptions and dieir associated at different spatial scales (table 2.1) dependent effects, earthquakes, earth movements such as on assessment needs and the types of ecological landslides and rockfalls, and large floods. The patterns and processes to be predicted. Regional, influence of, and interactions between, geologic subregional, and landscape scales of biophysical processes and other ecosystem processes are environment maps were developed by the Land- described later in this chapter. The geologic scape Ecology Staff for use in the assessment of the environments that constrain such processes are Basin. These maps included: described below. 114 Biophysical General Description of the Geologic » Rocks that formed as oceanic crust and have Environments of the Basin since been transported onto continents by plate tectonics. The geologic components of any ecosystem can be subdivided into bedrock and surficial geologic * Flood basalts that cooled from giant lakes of lava. units. Bedrock geologic units are those that are » Volcanic rock formed by the present-day solid and underlie any unconsolidated surficial Cascade volcanos. materials. These two types of units affect and interact with other ecosystem processes at many * Sandstones, shales, and conglomerates that spatial and temporal scales. For example, erosion formed through erosion and deposition of rates for most bedrock types with associated "natural" older rocks. vegetative cover are generally low. Physical erosion * Carbonate rocks formed from animal remains. rates for unconsolidated surficial deposits (such as alluvium, loess, or glacial till) are commonly « Chemically deposited sedimentary rocks. higher than those found on bedrock units. Chemical Additionally, unique physical or chemical properties weathering rates determine the release of rock of lithologies such as serpentinite, some tuffs, and components, such as nutrients and toxic elements, carbonate rocks provide unique habitat for selected into the ecosystem. Disturbance of vegetative species that contributes to the landscape and cover, road building, mining, agriculture, urban- species diversity of the Basin. ization, dam building, and other human activities may profoundly increase the physical and chemical Different geologic processes have affected the weadiering rates of geologic materials. In a similar rocks of the Basin in numerous ways during the manner, such disturbances may also affect water course of geologic history. These processes (for retention or other characteristics of the rocks and example, erosion, deposition, consolidation, uplift, soils of an area in such a way that they no longer metamorphism, volcanism, and geochemical support predisturbance vegetation cover types. changes) have all occurred at different times Increased fluxes of sediment, toxic elements, and throughout the history of the Basin, resulting in nutrients, or decreased water flows caused by the different physiography, erosion characteristics, human activities may irrevocably alter ecosystem nutrient availability, and other landscape parameters processes and must be considered in land manage- present today. It is impossible, for example, to ment planning. An understanding of both the classify granite into a single erosion group or geologic environments and geologic processes of a characteristic. Although much of the granitic planning area are essential components of any rock of the Idaho batholith is crumbly and erodes ecological assessment effort. relatively easily, other granitic units (for example, rocks in the Bighorn Crags or the Sawtooth The lithologic characteristics of rocks within Mountain Range) display wide ranges in natural the Basin are diverse, which in many cases defies erosion rates. simple classification of rock types by ERU. Bed- rock geologic units within the Basin range in age Surficial geologic units may develop directly from Precambrian rocks older than 2.7 billion through physical and chemical weathering of years, to volcanic rocks formed during the Mt. bedrock geologic units, or they may be transported St. Helens eruption of 1980. Rocks include: from elsewhere as glacial till and alluvium, or as wind-blown dust, sand, or volcanic ash. Discus- » Those that crystallized deep within the earth's sion of the surficial geologic units of the Basin and crust from liquids or by metamorphism, and their related soil properties is presented later in which were subsequently exposed at the earth's this chapter. surface by erosion. Biophysical 115 Approach Used in Geologic Setting ment over the Basin within the next 10 years. The Description longer term metallic mineral resource potential of the Basin was displayed in maps of permissive or Geologic, hydrologic, and mineral resource data favorable rankings for the occurrence of 29 distinct were compiled, interpreted, and synthesized from mineral deposit types (Box and others, in press). published and unpublished sources and databases. The economic feasibility of development of as yet The earth science themes for the Basin assessment undiscovered mineral deposits in permissive areas were delineated and developed through collabora- was also described (U.S. Bureau of Mines 1995). tion with scientists from all SIT staff disciplines. In addition to their economic applications, such Individual digitized state geologic
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 1 Relevance of Green Marketing on Environmental Degradation
    UNIVERSITY OF MAURITIUS RESEARCH JOURNAL – Volume 21 – 2015 University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius Relevance of Green Marketing on Environmental Degradation: An Empirical Study of Consumers’ of Green Products in Benin- City, Nigeria R A Gbadeyan * Department of Marketing University of Ilorin Nigeria E-mail: [email protected] O J Omolekan Department of Business Administration University of Ilorin Nigeria, E-mail: [email protected] Paper accepted on 04 June 2015 Abstract Business organisations need to contribute significantly to healthily environment through the adoption of green marketing. The activities of some of this business may result to environmental pollution which makes the environment becomes inimical to human habitation. Green marketing is the marketing of products that are presumed to be environmentally preferable to others through product, process, packaging and advertising modification(s). Most times, products’ remnants and packages pose serious danger to our environment. This paper examines the effect of green marketing on environmental degradation. Non- experimental descriptive research method was used and the data gathered were analysed. It was observed that the concept of green marketing is not popular among selected consumer in Benin metropolis of Nigeria and thus appropriate strategies for effective application of green marketing are lacking. Besides, adaptability, compatibility and relative advantage by consumers of green products remains the hiccups to the successful application of green marketing in Nigeria. Applicable recommendations were made for business enterprises to produce ecological products which not only must not pollute the environment but should protect it and even liquidate existing environmental damages. 1 Relevance of Green Marketing on Environmental Degradation: An Empirical Study of Consumers’ of Green Products in Benin- City, Nigeria Also, ecological packaging (i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • Experimental Ecosystem Accounting Revision Draft Glossary of Terms
    DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL AFFAIRS STATISTICS DIVISION UNITED NATIONS ___________________________________________________________________________________ System of Environmental-Economic Accounting 2012 - Experimental Ecosystem Accounting Revision Draft glossary of terms V4.0 July 2020 Disclaimer: This draft glossary has been prepared under the auspices of the SEEA Experimental Ecosystem Accounting Technical Committee as part of the work on the SEEA EEA Revision being coordinated by the United Nations Statistics Division. The views expressed in this paper do not necessarily represent the views of the United Nations. 1 Note This glossary has been drafted to support the global consultation review of draft ecosystem services chapters (Chapters 6 & 7) for the revised SEEA EEA. This version focuses on terms of most relevance for discussion of monetary valuation of ecosystem services and ecosystem assets. The definitions have been drawn from draft chapters and other supporting materials. However, they are not considered final definitions and revisions are expected as a result of the global consultation process. New terms will be added to the draft glossary as the remaining chapters are being drafted. _______________________________ B Benefits: Goods and services that are ultimately used and enjoyed by people and which contribute to individual and societal well-being. Two broad types of benefits are described in ecosystem accounting - SNA benefits and non-SNA benefits. Biodiversity: The variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part; this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems (Convention on Biological Diversity, article 2, entitled “Use of Terms”). C Capital services: The sum of consumption of fixed capital and the value of the return to capital (SNA2008, 6.245).
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Scale and the Biophysical Environment on Sense of Place in Northeastern Wisconsin's Bioregions Francis R
    Bates College SCARAB All Faculty Scholarship Departments and Programs 2018 Effects of scale and the biophysical environment on sense of place in northeastern Wisconsin's bioregions Francis R. Eanes Bates College, [email protected] Janet M. Silbernagel Patrick Robinson Follow this and additional works at: https://scarab.bates.edu/faculty_publications Recommended Citation Eanes, F.R., J.M. Silbernagel, and P. Robinson. (2018). Effects of scale and the biophysical environment on sense of place in northeastern Wisconsin's bioregions. Human Ecology Review. 24(1). This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Departments and Programs at SCARAB. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Faculty Scholarship by an authorized administrator of SCARAB. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Effects of scale and the biophysical environment on sense of place in northeastern Wisconsin's bioregions Francis R. Eanes1, Janet M. Silbernagel2, Patrick J. Robinson3, and David A. Hart4 1Program in Environmental Studies, Bates College 2Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison 3Environmental Resources Center, University of Wisconsin Extension 4University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute Abstract: Understanding individuals’ and groups’ sense of place can provide insights into how people interact with and treat both natural and built environments, and inform understandings of proenvironmental behavior, place-protective action, management of regional amenities, participatory landscape planning, and environmental education initiatives. Notwithstanding these invaluable contributions, the empirical place scholarship has paid relatively little attention to several key dynamics, including the existence and implications of broad-scale sense of place, whether sense of place occurs in low- or mixed-amenity areas, and the biophysical (and bioregional) dimensions of sense of place.
    [Show full text]
  • Glossary and Acronyms Glossary Glossary
    Glossary andChapter Acronyms 1 ©Kevin Fleming ©Kevin Horseshoe crab eggs Glossary and Acronyms Glossary Glossary 40% Migratory Bird “If a refuge, or portion thereof, has been designated, acquired, reserved, or set Hunting Rule: apart as an inviolate sanctuary, we may only allow hunting of migratory game birds on no more than 40 percent of that refuge, or portion, at any one time unless we find that taking of any such species in more than 40 percent of such area would be beneficial to the species (16 U.S.C. 668dd(d)(1)(A), National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act; 16 U.S.C. 703-712, Migratory Bird Treaty Act; and 16 U.S.C. 715a-715r, Migratory Bird Conservation Act). Abiotic: Not biotic; often referring to the nonliving components of the ecosystem such as water, rocks, and mineral soil. Access: Reasonable availability of and opportunity to participate in quality wildlife- dependent recreation. Accessibility: The state or quality of being easily approached or entered, particularly as it relates to complying with the Americans with Disabilities Act. Accessible facilities: Structures accessible for most people with disabilities without assistance; facilities that meet Uniform Federal Accessibility Standards; Americans with Disabilities Act-accessible. [E.g., parking lots, trails, pathways, ramps, picnic and camping areas, restrooms, boating facilities (docks, piers, gangways), fishing facilities, playgrounds, amphitheaters, exhibits, audiovisual programs, and wayside sites.] Acetylcholinesterase: An enzyme that breaks down the neurotransmitter acetycholine to choline and acetate. Acetylcholinesterase is secreted by nerve cells at synapses and by muscle cells at neuromuscular junctions. Organophosphorus insecticides act as anti- acetyl cholinesterases by inhibiting the action of cholinesterase thereby causing neurological damage in organisms.
    [Show full text]
  • Deception in Environmental Advertising: Consumers’ Reactions to Greenwashing
    DECEPTION IN ENVIRONMENTAL ADVERTISING: CONSUMERS’ REACTIONS TO GREENWASHING By STACI ANN STOKES B.A., Kansas State University, 2007 A THESIS submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree MASTER OF SCIENCE Department of Journalism and Mass Communications College of Arts and Sciences KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY Manhattan, Kansas 2009 Approved by: Major Professor Charles Pearce Abstract The present research explored whether consumer reactions to a deceptive environmental ad differs from consumers’ reactions towards a similar true green ad. The deceptive ad used in this study violates all FTC regulations for acceptable environmental claims. The practice of deceptive environmental advertising, known as greenwashing, is an increasing problem for consumers and advertisers as environmental products and services are offered at an increasing rate in the marketplace. Undergraduate college students participated in the experiment testing four hypotheses. As predicted, consumers were not able to identify a greenwashed ad as deceptive. Similarly, a measurement of consumers’ perceived overall ethics associated with the ad revealed low ethical concerns towards both greenwashed and true green ads. Attitudes towards greenwashing were also measures, and, as hypothesized, consumers have equally positive attitudes towards greenwashed and true green ads and brands. Additionally, stronger levels of environmental concern decreased the consumers’ ability to detect deception in greenwashed ads. Implications indicate that consumers cannot perceive
    [Show full text]
  • Biophysical Interactions
    BIOPHYSICAL INTERACTIONS Lorraine Chaffer, Vice President GTANSW & ACT Image source: Shutterstock EXPLORING THE CRYOSPHERE INTRODUCTION: ‘When I don’t know what my students know’ The topic “Biophysical Interactions” in Year 11, is about year 11. Due to variations in how extensively and investigating the biophysical processes and interactions deeply biophysical processes are investigated in that underpin environmental functioning, and the Stage 5, particularly the Environmental Change and importance of understanding these processes for Management topic, the problem becomes determining sustainable management. The topic is foundational the level prior knowledge and understanding. learning for Year 12, explicitly for Ecosystems at Risk A more long-time issue is teaching students you did but also for evaluating the ecological sustainability of not teach in Stages 4 and 5 and having confidence in economic activities and urban places. the knowledge, understanding and skills they bring With the implementation of the new K–10 Geography with them into Stage 6. It is important to minimise the Syllabus, there is significant overlap in content, reuse of resources and stimulus and reteaching what is conceptual understanding, the investigation of known. biophysical processes and issues currently studied in Often Biophysical Interactions is taught with a study Stage 6. See Figure 1. Students also study components of each component of the biophysical environment, of the biophysical environment in Science, and followed by an investigation of the biophysical potentially in electives subjects such as Elective interactions in one environment and an issue within Geography 7–10, Agricultural Technology 7–10 and that environment. I call this the textbook approach. It is Marine and Aquaculture Technology 7–10.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Sciences 1
    Environmental Sciences 1 Environmental Degree Requirements • Academic essay of at least 300 words addressing the following: 1. What are the most urgent environmental problems facing your Sciences community today? 2. How will a master’s degree in environmental studies help prepare you to address these problems? 3. Which Master of Science - Environmental Sciences area of environmental specialization appeals most to you? 4. A brief description of your academic background, including life www.uis.edu/ens/ experiences, that contribute to your academic preparation. Email: [email protected] • Two informative letters of recommendation from professors or Office Phone: (217) 206-7495 employers addressing applicant's academic ability, work ethic and Office Location: PAC 350 personal integrity • General Environmental Science Concentration Only: Must have identified a faculty member who agrees to serve as research Departmental Goals and Objectives advisor before application will be considered. Applicants to the Environmental Planning and Management or Sustainable The mission of the Department of Environmental Studies is to provide Development and Policy concentrations do not need prior approval students with the advanced interdisciplinary training necessary for from a research supervisor in order to apply. addressing environmental problems. Graduates of the department are prepared for diverse careers in environmental fields. Required Core Courses The principal emphasis in the MS degree is on professional ENS 551 Environmental Natural Sciences 4 development. The graduate degrees are designed for those who intend ENS 552 Environmental Social Sciences and Humanities 4 to enter the job market for the first time, as well as for mid-career ENS 553 Research Methods in Environmental Science 4 professionals.
    [Show full text]
  • About Life Sciences and Related Technologies
    Frontiers in Life Sciences and Related Technologies 1(1) (2020) 1-11 Contents lists available at Dergipark Frontiers in Life Sciences and Related Technologies Journal homepage: http://www.dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/flsrt Editorial About life sciences and related technologies Ibrahim Ilker Ozyigit*1, 2 1 Marmara University, Faculty of Science & Arts, Department of Biology, 34722, Goztepe, Istanbul, Turkey 2 Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, 720038, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan Abstract The life sciences include the branches of science that are concerned with scientific studies of living organisms’ such as human beings, animals, plants and microorganisms. In fact, all life sciences are biology based sciences and from the beginning of the scientific and technological researches up to date, the obtained scientific data, especially in agriculture, medicine, engineering, as well as molecular biology and biotechnology, led to an escalating specializations in interdisciplinary fields. Some life sciences focus on a specific type of life. For instance, botany is the study of plants and has different branches such as anatomy, genetics, biochem- istry, biophysics, taxonomy, physiology, molecular biology and paleobotany etc. of plants. On the other hand, zoology is the study of animals that branches out anatomy, cytology, ecology, embryology, genetics, geology, histology, morphology, neonatology, paleontology, physiology, taxonomy and many others. Also, microbiology is the study of microorganisms that may exist in its single-celled form or in a colony of cells, and branches out to bacteriology, mycology, protozoology, phycology, parasitology, immunology, virology and nematology and related sciences. The branches of these life sciences have their own specific sub- branches related to the studied and mastered subjects.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Science (ENV SCI) 1
    Environmental Science (ENV SCI) 1 Environmental Science (ENV SCI) Courses ENV SCI 102. Introduction to Environmental Sciences. 3 Credits. Examines the interrelationships between people and their biophysical environment, including the atmosphere, water, rocks and soil, and other living organisms. The scientific analysis of nature and the social and political issues of natural resource use. Fall and Spring. ENV SCI 103. Introduction to Environmental Sciences Lab. 1 Credit. Laboratory course to accompany ENV SCI 102 P: ENV SCI 102. ENV SCI 198. First Year Seminar. 3 Credits. Reserved for New Incoming Freshman. ENV SCI 260. Energy and Society. 3 Credits. The issues relating energy and society rather than energy technology per se: global energy flows; sources of energy; energy-related problems, policy and conservation; energy growth; future scenarios. Fall and Spring. ENV SCI 299. Travel Course. 1-6 Credits. Travel courses are conducted to various parts of the world and are led by one or more faculty members. May be repeated to different locations. P: cons of instr & prior trip arr & financial deposit. ENV SCI 301. Radioactivity: Past, Present, and Future. 3 Credits. Radioactive isotopes play a significant role in many aspects of the natural and human environments. People are affected throughout their lives by natural and anthropogenic isotopes at local, national, and global scales. From radon in houses and radium in local drinking water supplies to fallout from Chernobyl, humans are directly impacted through health, economic, and technological pathways. REC: HS chemistry or earth science, or Geosci 102 with at least a C grade Fall Only. ENV SCI 302. Principles of Ecology.
    [Show full text]
  • RIGEO Template
    REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL GEOGRAPHICAL EDUCATION ISSN: 2146-0353 ● © RIGEO ● 10(2), SPRING, 2020 www.rigeo.org Research Article Youth Climate Change Mitigation Practices and Adaptation in Malacca State, Malaysia Nasir NAYAN1 Mohmadisa HASHIM2 Hanifah MAHAT3 Sultan Idris Education University, Sultan Idris Education University, Sultan Idris Education University, MALAYSIA MALAYSIA MALAYSIA Yazid SALEH4 Saiyidatina Balkhis NORKHAIDI5 Sultan Idris Education University, MALAYSIA Sultan Idris Education University, MALAYSIA 1 Corresponding author: Assoc. Prof. Dr.; Department of Geography and Environment, Faculty of Human Sciences, Sultan Idris Education University, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak. nasir [at] fsk.upsi.edu.my ORCID: 0000-0001-8812-4320 2 Dr.; Department of Geography and Environment, Sultan Idris Education Unv. mohmadisa [at] fsk.upsi.edu.my ORCID: 0000-0001-6364-7918 3 Dr.; Department of Geography and Environment, Faculty of Human Sciences, Sultan Idris Education University, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak. E- mail: hanifah.mahat [at] fsk.upsi.edu.my, ORCID: 0000-0003-0756-6907 4 Assoc. Prof. Dr.; Department of Geography and Environment, Faculty of Human Sciences, Sultan Idris Education University, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak. E-mail: yazid [at] fsk.upsi.edu.my, ORCID: 0000-0003-1603-9025 5 Department of Geography and Environment, Sultan Idris Education Unv. Perak. E-mail: balkhis86 [at] gmail.com, ORCID: 0000-0002-4571-4619 Abstract Climate literacy is one way to assess youth awareness about current climate change phenomena such as El-Nino or La-Nina. This article aims to build a model of climate change mitigation practices and adaptation among youth in Malaysia, especially in the historical state of Malacca. A total of 400 youth respondents residing in the state of Malacca were selected through a simple random sampling process.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix A. Glossary
    Glossary Terms commonly used in comprehensive conservation plans accessibility the state or quality of being easily approached or entered, particularly as it relates to complying with the Americans With Disabilities Act accessible facilities structures accessible for most people with disabilities without assistance; facilities that meet UFAS standards; ADA-accessible [E.g., parking lots, trails, pathways, ramps, picnic and camping areas, restrooms, boating facilities (docks, piers, gangways), fishing facilities, playgrounds, amphitheaters, exhibits, audiovisual programs, and wayside sites.] aggregate many parts considered together as a whole agricultural land nonforested land (now or recently orchards, pastures, or crops) alternative a reasonable way to fix an identified problem or satisfy a stated need [40 CFR 1500.2 (cf. “management alternative”)] amphidromous fish fish that can migrate from fresh water to the sea or the reverse, not only for breeding, but also regularly at other times during their life cycle appropriate use a proposed or existing use on a refuge that meets at least one of the following three conditions: 1. the use is a wildlife-dependent one; 2. the use contributes to fulfilling the refuge purpose(s), the System mission, or goals or objectives described in a refuge management plan approved after October 9, 1997, the date the National Wildlife Refuge System Improvement Act was signed into law; or 3. the use has been determined to be appropriate as specified in section 1.11 of the act. approved acquisition a project boundary that the Director of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife boundary Service approves upon completion of the planning and environmental compliance process.
    [Show full text]
  • A MANUAL for BUDDHISM and DEEP ECOLOGY: SPECIAL EDITION by the WORLD BUDDHIST UNIVERSITY (With Permission of Author.) B.E
    AA ManualManual forfor BuddhismBuddhism andand DeepDeep EcologyEcology Daniel H. Henning, Ph.D. HAN DD ET U 'S B B O RY eOK LIBRA E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.buddhanet.net Buddha Dharma Education Association Inc. A MANUAL for BUDDHISM © 2002 Daniel H. Henning. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, AND DEEP Or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, Recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the author. ECOLOGY ISBN: 1-4033-7006-0 Library of Congress Control Number: 2002095421 A MANUAL for BUDDHISM AND DEEP ECOLOGY: SPECIAL EDITION BY THE WORLD BUDDHIST UNIVERSITY (With permission of author.) B.E. 2549 (2006) Daniel H. Henning, Ph.D. “To the spiritual protection of trees and forests worldwide ” 1 CONTENTS Preface PREFACE BY THE WORLD BUDDHIST 2 by the World Buddhist University UNIVERSITY Practicing Buddhism is sometimes described as like walking though a ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 4 forest on a misty day. Eventually you “get wet” and come to a deeper understanding of the teachings. The same might be said about INTRODUCTION 5 environmentalism. Eventually, hopefully, it moves from manipulating or even saving the environment and becomes the CHAPTER ONE 9 environment. “Getting wet” in this sense is incorporating a spiritual perspective in working with and in the environment. This is called BUDDHISM AND VALUES Deep Ecology. ................................ CHAPTER TWO 21 Buddhism and Deep Ecology belong in the same title because at their DHAMMA, DEEP ECOLOGY, core they are both talking about how to be at home in the universe. AND ENVIRONMENT The original meaning of ecology goes back to the Greeks who saw the ......................................
    [Show full text]