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Report on the Biodiversity of Lake Sonfon and Its Environs, Sierra Leone

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Report on the Biodiversity of Lake Sonfon and Its Environs, Sierra Leone Report on the Biodiversity of Lake Sonfon and its environs, Sierra Leone Papanie Bai Sesay, Abdulai Duada, Momoh Bai-Sesay (CSSL) Yira Kamara (FL) Foday Toronka (FL) Farah Kargbo (FL) Sahr Yambo (Driver) Sarah Havery (RSPB) & Joscelyne Ashpole (RSPB) With input from: Annika Hillers (RSPB) & Steffen Oppel (RSPB) Funded by the African Bird Club, Bread for the World & RSPB Photograph: Vegetation at Lake Sonfon (CSSL). 2 Contents Summary ............................................................................................................................................... 4 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 6 Methods ................................................................................................................................................. 7 Standard Operating Procedures for Biodiversity Surveys ............................................................. 7 Survey Teams/Personnel ................................................................................................................. 8 Equipment ......................................................................................................................................... 8 1. Habitat Assessment ......................................................................................................................... 9 2. Mammal Surveys ............................................................................................................................ 10 3. Fish Surveys ................................................................................................................................... 12 4. Pygmy Hippopotamus Surveys ..................................................................................................... 12 5. Bird Surveys .................................................................................................................................... 12 5.1 Lake Sonfon bird species diversity ......................................................................................... 14 5.2 Lake Sonfon IBA bird species ................................................................................................. 14 5.3 African-Eurasian migratory bird species ................................................................................. 16 Conclusions and Recommendations ................................................................................................ 17 Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................ 18 References .......................................................................................................................................... 18 Annexes ............................................................................................................................................... 19 Annex 1: Equipment list for the biodiversity surveys ................................................................... 19 Annex 2: A remotely produced map of the habitats present at Lake Sonfon (including the IBA boundary). Habitat types based on TESSA habitat classifications. ........................................... 21 Annex 3: Species recorded by camera trap surveys ................................................................... 22 Annex 4: Map showing the approximate positions for bird point counts and grid used for the 2016 bird surveys ............................................................................................................................ 23 Annex 5: Full bird species list from Lake Sonfon surveys in 2016, showing scientific name, IUCN status and estimated number of individuals present across the whole of the site. The species in blue are unconfirmed, in red are IBA trigger species and in yellow are African- Eurasian migrant bird species. NOTE – the estimated number of individuals are very rough estimates based on the data available. ......................................................................................... 24 Recommended citation : Sesay, P. B. Abdulai Duada, A. D. Momoh Bai-Sesay M. B. , Havery, S. J., Ashpole, J., Hillers, A. & Oppel, S. (2017) Report on the biodiversity of Lake Sonfon, Sierra Leone . Report to African Bird Club & Bread for the World. 3 Summary Lake Sonfon and its environs is Sierra Leone’s largest inland lake. Despite being an Important Bird and Biodiversity Area (IBA) very little is known about the biodiversity present, or the national and international importance of this site for birds or people. The site is under threat from illicit mining for gold and has been assessed as an IBA in Danger (BirdLife International 2017a). BirdLife International (2017b) defines IBAs as follows: • Places of international significance for the conservation of birds and other biodiversity • Recognised world-wide as practical tools for conservation • Distinct areas amenable to practical conservation action • Identified using robust, standardised criteria • Sites that together form part of a wider integrated approach to the conservation and sustainable use of the natural environment The aim of this project was to increase our understanding of the birds and biodiversity of Lake Sonfon and its environs IBA, which can be used to highlight the site’s importance. This involved completing surveys for habitats through remote mapping, mammals using camera traps and bird surveys using point counts. The surveys were carried out in September and October 2016. The fish surveys and pygmy hippo surveys were not fully completed due to survey time constraints. Using remote mapping and the Toolkit for Ecosystem Service Site-based Assessment (TESSA) habitat classification, there were eight different habitats recorded at Lake Sonfon with savannah and grassland being the most dominant habitat types. The following mammal species were clearly identified from the camera trap surveys: Giant Pouched Rat ( Cricetomys spp.), Marsh Cane Rat ( Thryonomis swinderianus ), Brush-tailed Porcupine ( Atherurus africanus ), Striped Ground Squirrel ( Xerus erythropus ), Fire-footed Rope Squirrel ( Funisciurus pyrropus ), Red-flanked Duiker ( Cephalophus rufilatus ), Bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus ) and Maxwell’s Duiker ( Philantomba mawellii ). Chimpanzees were observed at Lake Sonfon but not on the camera traps. Despite previous mention from local community members, no signs of pygmy hippo were observed, so follow up surveys are required. Lake Sonfon and environs IBA is known to support a rich bird community. Because the area is poorly studied, more species of the Sudan-Guinea Savannah biome are expected to occur than have been recorded to date. In the 2016 surveys, a total of 148 bird species were recorded using point counts. Six IBA bird trigger species have been recorded at the site (BirdLife International 2017a): Pied-winged Swallow ( Hirundo leucosoma ), Emerald Starling (Lamprotornis iris ), Splendid Sunbird ( Cinnyris coccinigastrus ), Red-winged Pytilia ( Pytilia phoenicoptera ), Yellow-winged Pytilia ( Pytilia hypogrammica ) and Dybowski’s Twinspot (Euschistospiza dybowskii ). Five of the six IBA trigger species (Emerald Starling, Dybowskis Twin-Spot, Splendid Sunbird, Pied Winged Swallow and Yellow-winged Pytilia) were recorded. Red Winged Pytilia was not observed during the survey period, it should be noted that this species is no longer recognized as a species by BirdLife International (2017c). Of the trigger 4 species, Emerald Starling and Splendid Sunbird were the most common. Emerald Starling were most common in grassland though were observed in all habitats surveyed. Pied-winged Swallow were only observed in freshwater, tree dominated wetland. Splendid Sunbird were most common in savannah habitat though were observed in all habitats surveyed. Yellow- winged Pytilia were only observed in mixed woodland. Five species of African-Eurasian migratory birds were recorded during the survey work at Lake Sonfon. These species were: Pied Flycatcher, Tree Pipit, Western Yellow-wagtail, Whinchat and Willow Warbler. Lake Sonfon is considered to be a very important area, both socially and economically. The survey work presented here suggests that the area supports a rich biodiversity in terms of mammals and birds, and future surveys could find more species. The scope of this work will contribute towards long term protection of the site. 5 Introduction Lake Sonfon and its environs is Sierra Leone’s largest inland lake (Fig 1). Despite being an Important Bird and Biodiversity Area (IBA) very little is known about the biodiversity present, or the national and international importance of this site for birds or people. The nearest large town is Kabala, 60 km to the north. The lake is surrounded by hills, the vegetation of which comprises open grassland and wooded savannah, with fringing forest and, in some places, farmbush. Several small streams flow into the lake and these provide the main source of water for local communities. The lake is a centre of traditional beliefs and ceremonies for the local people. The aim of the project is to improve our understanding of the importance of Lake Sonfon and its environs for birds, biodiversity and people. Fig 1: A map of the location of Lake Sonfon and its environs IBA (BirdLife International) Very little is known about the biodiversity present at Lake Sonfon and its environs, though the biodiversity it is known
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