Providing a Shared File System in the Hare POSIX Multikernel Charles
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User Guide Laplink® Diskimage™ 7 Professional
http://www.laplink.com/contact 1 ™ E-mail us at [email protected] Laplink® DiskImage 7 Professional User Guide Tel (USA): +1 (425) 952-6001 Tel (UK): +44 (0) 870-2410-983 Fax (USA): +1 (425) 952-6002 Fax (UK): +44 (0) 870-2410-984 ™ Laplink® DiskImage 7 Professional Laplink Software, Inc. Customer Service/Technical Support: Web: http://www.laplink.com/contact E-mail: [email protected] Tel (USA): +1 (425) 952-6001 Fax (USA): +1 (425) 952-6002 Tel (UK): +44 (0) 870-2410-983 User Guide Fax (UK): +44 (0) 870-2410-984 Laplink Software, Inc. 600 108th Ave. NE, Suite 610 Bellevue, WA 98004 U.S.A. Copyright / Trademark Notice © Copyright 2013 Laplink Software, Inc. All rights reserved. Laplink, the Laplink logo, Connect Your World, and DiskImage are registered trademarks or trademarks of Laplink Software, Inc. in the United States and/or other countries. Other trademarks, product names, company names, and logos are the property of their respective holder(s). UG-DiskImagePro-EN-7 (REV. 5/2013) http://www.laplink.com/contact 2 ™ E-mail us at [email protected] Laplink® DiskImage 7 Professional User Guide Tel (USA): +1 (425) 952-6001 Tel (UK): +44 (0) 870-2410-983 Fax (USA): +1 (425) 952-6002 Fax (UK): +44 (0) 870-2410-984 Contents Installation and Registration System Requirements . 1 Installing Laplink DiskImage . 1 Registration . 2 Introduction to DiskImage Overview of Important Features . 2 Definitions . 3 Start Laplink DiskImage - Two Methods . 4 Windows Start . .4 Bootable CD . .4 DiskImage Tasks One-Click Imaging: Create an Image of the Entire Computer . -
System Calls System Calls
System calls We will investigate several issues related to system calls. Read chapter 12 of the book Linux system call categories file management process management error handling note that these categories are loosely defined and much is behind included, e.g. communication. Why? 1 System calls File management system call hierarchy you may not see some topics as part of “file management”, e.g., sockets 2 System calls Process management system call hierarchy 3 System calls Error handling hierarchy 4 Error Handling Anything can fail! System calls are no exception Try to read a file that does not exist! Error number: errno every process contains a global variable errno errno is set to 0 when process is created when error occurs errno is set to a specific code associated with the error cause trying to open file that does not exist sets errno to 2 5 Error Handling error constants are defined in errno.h here are the first few of errno.h on OS X 10.6.4 #define EPERM 1 /* Operation not permitted */ #define ENOENT 2 /* No such file or directory */ #define ESRCH 3 /* No such process */ #define EINTR 4 /* Interrupted system call */ #define EIO 5 /* Input/output error */ #define ENXIO 6 /* Device not configured */ #define E2BIG 7 /* Argument list too long */ #define ENOEXEC 8 /* Exec format error */ #define EBADF 9 /* Bad file descriptor */ #define ECHILD 10 /* No child processes */ #define EDEADLK 11 /* Resource deadlock avoided */ 6 Error Handling common mistake for displaying errno from Linux errno man page: 7 Error Handling Description of the perror () system call. -
Uva-DARE (Digital Academic Repository)
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) On the construction of operating systems for the Microgrid many-core architecture van Tol, M.W. Publication date 2013 Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): van Tol, M. W. (2013). On the construction of operating systems for the Microgrid many-core architecture. General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:27 Sep 2021 General Bibliography [1] J. Aas. Understanding the linux 2.6.8.1 cpu scheduler. Technical report, Silicon Graphics Inc. (SGI), Eagan, MN, USA, February 2005. [2] D. Abts, S. Scott, and D. J. Lilja. So many states, so little time: Verifying memory coherence in the Cray X1. In Proceedings of the 17th International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing, IPDPS '03, page 10 pp., Washington, DC, USA, April 2003. -
Dell Update Packages for Linux Operating Systems User's Guide
Dell™ Update Packages for Linux Operating Systems User’s Guide Notes and Cautions NOTE: A NOTE indicates important information that helps you make better use of your computer. CAUTION: A CAUTION indicates potential damage to hardware or loss of data if instructions are not followed. ____________________ Information in this document is subject to change without notice. © 2009 Dell Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduction of these materials in any manner whatsoever without the written permission of Dell Inc. is strictly forbidden. Trademarks used in this text: Dell, the DELL logo, and OpenManage are trademarks of Dell Inc.; Microsoft and Windows are either trademarks or registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries; Intel is a registered trademark of Intel Corporation in the United States and other countries; Red Hat and Red Hat Enterprise Linux are registered trademarks of Red Hat, Inc. in the United States and other countries; SUSE is a registered trademark of Novell, Inc. in the United States and other countries; VMware and ESX Server are registered trademarks or trademarks of VMware, Inc. in the United States and/or other jurisdictions; Citrix and XenServer are either trademarks or registered trademarks of Citrix Systems, Inc. in the United States and/or other countries. Other trademarks and trade names may be used in this document to refer to either the entities claiming the marks and names or their products. Dell Inc. disclaims any proprietary interest in trademarks and trade names other than its own. April 2009 Contents 1 Getting Started With Dell Update Packages . 7 Overview . -
High Performance Computing Systems
High Performance Computing Systems Multikernels Doug Shook Multikernels Two predominant approaches to OS: – Full weight kernel – Lightweight kernel Why not both? – How does implementation affect usage and performance? Gerolfi, et. al. “A Multi-Kernel Survey for High- Performance Computing,” 2016 2 FusedOS Assumes heterogeneous architecture – Linux on full cores – LWK requests resources from linux to run programs Uses CNK as its LWK 3 IHK/McKernel Uses an Interface for Heterogeneous Kernels – Resource allocation – Communication McKernel is the LWK – Only operable with IHK Uses proxy processes 4 mOS Embeds LWK into the Linux kernel – LWK is visible to Linux just like any other process Resource allocation is performed by sysadmin/user 5 FFMK Uses the L4 microkernel – What is a microkernel? Also uses a para-virtualized Linux instance – What is paravirtualization? 6 Hobbes Pisces Node Manager Kitten LWK Palacios Virtual Machine Monitor 7 Sysadmin Criteria Is the LWK standalone? Which kernel is booted by the BIOS? How and when are nodes partitioned? 8 Application Criteria What is the level of POSIX support in the LWK? What is the pseudo file system support? How does an application access Linux functionality? What is the system call overhead? Can LWK and Linux share memory? Can a single process span Linux and the LWK? Does the LWK support NUMA? 9 Linux Criteria Are LWK processes visible to standard tools like ps and top? Are modifications to the Linux kernel necessary? Do Linux kernel changes propagate to the LWK? -
Vis: Virtualization Enhanced Live Forensics Acquisition for Native System
Vis: Virtualization Enhanced Live Forensics Acquisition for Native System Miao Yu, Zhengwei Qi, Qian Lin, Xianming Zhong, Bingyu Li, Haibing Guan Shanghai Key Laboratory of Scalable Computing and Systems Shanghai Jiao Tong University f superymk, qizhwei, linqian, zhongxianming, justasmallfish, hbguan g @ sjtu.edu.cn Abstract Focusing on obtaining in-memory evidence, current live acquisition efforts either fail to provide accurate native system physical memory acquisition at the given time point or require suspending the machine and altering the execution environment drastically. To address this issue, we propose Vis, a light-weight virtualization approach to provide accurate retrieving of physical memory content while preserving the execution of target native system. Our experimental results indicate that Vis is capable of reliably retrieving an accurate system image. Moreover, Vis accomplishes live acquisition within 97.09∼105.86 seconds, which shows that Vis is much more efficient than previous remote live acquisition tools that take hours and static acquisition that takes days. In average, Vis incurs only 9.62% performance overhead to the target system. Keywords: Vis, Live acquisition, Accuracy, Virtualization 1. Introduction After forensic scopes and medias are determined, a typical computer forensics scenario has three steps: acquisition, analyzing and reporting [47, 9]. Focusing on the stages of acquisition and analyzing, computer forensics pro- poses two key challenges: how to obtain the complete system state and how to analyze the retrieved image effectively [39]. Missing image of memory Preprint submitted to Digital Investigation February 16, 2012 content leads to an incomplete or wrong investigation result, even with an incomparable analyzing technology. Transcending static acquisition strategies, live acquisition extends the information gathering range of forensics examiner, i.e., involving with the volatile data. -
A User Guide for the FRED Family of Forensic Systems Thank You for Your Recent Order
A User Guide for the FRED Family of Forensic Systems Thank you for your recent order. We hope you like your new FRED! Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any questions or require any additional information. Although we welcome a phone call anytime, our preferred method of contact is via our website www.digitalintelligence.com . The sales and technical support ticketing system is easy to use and allow us to track all requests and responses. To create your user account click on the User Icon on the top right of the web page banner and click on Sign Up. Here you can register your FRED system as well as track your web order history and support tickets. Please note your system serial number is the unique identifier for your system. It is helpful if you use the system serial number in your correspondence. If you have a sales related question or technical support issue, simply navigate to www.digitalintelligence.com/support A searchable knowledge base, links to other help or informational topics as well as a “Open A Ticket” button link can be found near the bottom of the page. We want to remind you, regardless of your warranty status, we will always be willing to assist with any technical questions you have regarding any Digital Intelligence product. *** Read me first *** Forensic Recovery of Evidence Device This document contains important information about the configuration and operation of your FRED system. FAILURE TO FOLLOW THESE GUIDELINES MAY RESULT IN PHYSICAL DAMAGE TO YOUR EQUIPMENT WHICH IS NOT COVERED UNDER WARRANTY. -
Artificial Intelligence System Introduction to the Smallt Alk-80 System
USERS Part No. 070-5606-00 TEK MANUAL Product Group 07 4404 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEM INTRODUCTION TO THE SMALLT ALK-80 SYSTEM Please Check at the Rear of this Manual for NOTES and CHANGE INFORMA TION First Printing DEC 1984 Revised AUG 1985 COIIWITTED 10 EXCEL.l.ENCE Copyright © 1985 by Tektronix, Inc., Beaverton, Oregon. Printed in the United States of America. All rights reserved. Contents of this publication may not be reproduced in any form without permission of Tektronix, Inc. TEKTRONIX is a registered trademark of Tektronix, Inc. Smalltalk-80 is a trademark of Xerox Corp. MANUAL REVISION STATUS PRODUCT: 4404 Artificial Intelligence System Smalltalk-80 System This manual supports the following versions of this product: Version T2.1.2 REV DATE DESCRIPTION DEC 1984 Original Issue AUG 1985 Addition of NOTES Section 4404 Smalltalk-80 System User's CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1 About This Manual ................................................................................................... 1 The 4404 Artificial Intelligence System Documentation .......... ....... ....... ......... .......... 2 The Smalltalk-80 System Reference Books ............................................................... 3 A SMALLTALK-80 SYSTEM OVERVIEW ................................................................ 4 What is The Smalltalk-80 System? ............................................................................ 4 The User Interface: Mouse, -
W4118: Multikernel
W4118: multikernel Instructor: Junfeng Yang References: Modern Operating Systems (3rd edition), Operating Systems Concepts (8th edition), previous W4118, and OS at MIT, Stanford, and UWisc Motivation: sharing is expensive Difficult to parallelize single-address space kernels with shared data structures . Locks/atomic instructions: limit scalability . Must make every shared data structure scalable • Partition data • Lock-free data structures • … . Tremendous amount of engineering Root cause . Expensive to move cache lines . Congestion of interconnect 1 Multikernel: explicit sharing via messages Multicore chip == distributed system! . No shared data structures! . Send messages to core to access its data Advantages . Scalable . Good match for heterogeneous cores . Good match if future chips don’t provide cache- coherent shared memory 2 Challenge: global state OS must manage global state . E.g., page table of a process Solution . Replicate global state . Read: read local copy low latency . Update: update local copy + distributed protocol to update remote copies • Do so asynchronously (“split phase”) 3 Barrelfish overview Figure 5 in paper CPU driver . kernel-mode part per core . Inter-Processor interrupt (IPI) Monitors . OS abstractions . User-level RPC (URPC) 4 IPC through shared memory #define CACHELINE (64) struct box{ char buf[CACHELINE-1]; // message contents char flag; // high bit == 0 means sender owns it }; __attribute__ ((aligned (CACHELINE))) struct box m __attribute__ ((aligned (CACHELINE))); send() recv() { { // set up message while(!(m.flag & 0x80)) memcpy(m.buf, …); ; m.flag |= 0x80; m.buf … //process message } } 5 Case study: TLB shootdown When is it necessary? Windows & Linux: send IPIs Barrelfish: sends messages to involved monitors . 1 broadcast message N-1 invalidates, N-1 fetches . -
Multiprocessor Operating Systems CS 6410: Advanced Systems
Introduction Multikernel Tornado Conclusion Discussion Outlook References Multiprocessor Operating Systems CS 6410: Advanced Systems Kai Mast Department of Computer Science Cornell University September 4, 2014 Kai Mast — Multiprocessor Operating Systems 1/47 Introduction Multikernel Tornado Conclusion Discussion Outlook References Let us recall Multiprocessor vs. Multicore Figure: Multiprocessor [10] Figure: Multicore [10] Kai Mast — Multiprocessor Operating Systems 2/47 Introduction Multikernel Tornado Conclusion Discussion Outlook References Let us recall Message Passing vs. Shared Memory Shared Memory Threads/Processes access the same memory region Communication via changes in variables Often easier to implement Message Passing Threads/Processes don’t have shared memory Communication via messages/events Easier to distribute between different processors More robust than shared memory Kai Mast — Multiprocessor Operating Systems 3/47 Introduction Multikernel Tornado Conclusion Discussion Outlook References Let us recall Miscellaneous Cache Coherence Inter-Process Communication Remote-Procedure Call Preemptive vs. cooperative Multitasking Non-uniform memory access (NUMA) Kai Mast — Multiprocessor Operating Systems 4/47 Introduction Multikernel Tornado Conclusion Discussion Outlook References Current Systems are Diverse Different Architectures (x86, ARM, ...) Different Scales (Desktop, Server, Embedded, Mobile ...) Different Processors (GPU, CPU, ASIC ...) Multiple Cores and/or Multiple Processors Multiple Operating Systems on a System (Firmware, -
A Single System Image Java Operating System for Sensor Networks
A SINGLE SYSTEM IMAGE JAVA OPERATING SYSTEM FOR SENSOR NETWORKS Emin Gun Sirer Rimon Barr John C. Bicket Daniel S. Dantas Computer Science Department Cornell University Ithaca, NY 14853 {egs, barr, bicket, ddantas}@cs.cornell.edu Abstract In this paper we describe the design and implementation of a distributed operating system for sensor net- works. The goal of our system is to extend total system lifetime through power-aware adaptation for sensor networking applications. Our system achieves this goal by providing a single system image of a unified Java virtual machine to applications over an ad hoc collection of heterogeneous sensors. It automatically and transparently partitions applications into components and dynamically finds a placement of these components on nodes within the sensor network to reduce energy consumption and increase system longevity. This paper describes the design and implementation of our system and examines the question of where and when to mi- grate components in a sensor network. We evaluate two practical, power-aware, general-purpose algorithms for object placement, as well as an adaptive scheme for deciding the time granularity of object migration. We demonstrate that our algorithms can increase sensor network longevity by a factor of four to five by effec- tively distributing energy consumption and avoiding hotspots. 1. Introduction able to components at each node, in particular the available power and bandwidth may change over Sensor networks simultaneously promise a radi- time and necessitate the relocation of application cally new class of applications and pose signifi- components. Further, event sources that are being cant challenges for application development. -
Design and Implementation of the Heterogeneous Multikernel Operating System
223 Design and Implementation of the Heterogeneous Multikernel Operating System Yauhen KLIMIANKOU Department of Computer Systems and Networks, Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics, Belarus Abstract. The design of the computer system was significantly changed due to the emergence and popularization of the multicore processors. Moving to the advanced multicore processors, moving to the heterogeneous computer systems and increasing of the integrity level between computer system components are the main trends of the computer systems development. Significant changes in the computer systems design make reasonable the attempt of reviewing the operating system design to make it optimal for the new hardware platform. The proposed operation system design assume moving from monolithic centralized operating system to the decentralized network of the distributed independent nodes, each of which will play the role of the processor driver and threads container. The proposed design provide the numbers of the benefits against ordinal operating systems: dynamics in space and time, improved level of reliability and flexibility, support of the heterogeneous computer systems. Keywords. Multiprocessor computer system, heterogeneous computer system, real-time system Introduction Computer systems design is changing much faster than the operating systems design. The internal architecture of the modern computer resembles a distributed network system consisting from the mix of processor cores, caches, internal communications, I/O devices and expansion cards. The modern computer is similar to the early parallel computer systems or multiprocessor systems of the last century. Multi-core computer systems, which are essentially the same multi-processor systems localized on the processor die, occupy an increasingly strong position in most segments of the computer market.