sustainability Article Patterns of Circular Transition: What Is the Circular Economy Maturity of Belgian Ports? Elvira Haezendonck 1,2,* and Karel Van den Berghe 3 1 Department of Business, Faculty of Social Sciences and Solvay Business School, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium 2 Department of Management, Faculty of Business Economics, University of Antwerp, Prinsstraat 13, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium 3 Department of Management in the Built Environment, Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 134, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands;
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[email protected]; Tel.: +32-495-808-408 Received: 30 September 2020; Accepted: 5 November 2020; Published: 8 November 2020 Abstract: Large seaport hubs in Northwestern Europe are aiming to develop as circular hotspots and are striving to become first movers in the circular economy (CE) transition. In order to facilitate their transition, it is therefore relevant to unravel potential patterns of the circular transition that ports are currently undertaking. In this paper, we explore the CE patterns of five Belgian seaports. Based on recent (strategy) documents from port authorities and on in-depth interviews with local port executives, the circular initiatives of these ports are mapped, based on their spatial characteristics and transition focus. The set of initiatives per port indicates its maturity level in terms of transition towards a circular approach. For most studied seaports, an energy recovery focus based on industrial symbiosis initiatives seems to dominate the first stages in the transition process. Most initiatives are not (yet) financially sustainable, and there is a lack of information on potential new business models that ports can adopt in view of a sustainable transition.