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Tendinopathy: Tackling Troubled Tendons

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Tendinopathy: Tackling Troubled Tendons Tendinopathy: Tackling Troubled Tendons Deepak Patel, MD, FAAFP, FACSM ACTIVITY DISCLAIMER The material presented here is being made available by the American Academy of Family Physicians for educational purposes only. Please note that medical information is constantly changing; the information contained in this activity was accurate at the time of publication. This material is not intended to represent the only, nor necessarily best, methods or procedures appropriate for the medical situations discussed. Rather, it is intended to present an approach, view, statement, or opinion of the faculty, which may be helpful to others who face similar situations. The AAFP disclaims any and all liability for injury or other damages resulting to any individual using this material and for all claims that might arise out of the use of the techniques demonstrated therein by such individuals, whether these claims shall be asserted by a physician or any other person. Physicians may care to check specific details such as drug doses and contraindications, etc., in standard sources prior to clinical application. This material might contain recommendations/guidelines developed by other organizations. Please note that although these guidelines might be included, this does not necessarily imply the endorsement by the AAFP. 1 DISCLOSURE It is the policy of the AAFP that all individuals in a position to control content disclose any relationships with commercial interests upon nomination/invitation of participation. Disclosure documents are reviewed for potential conflict of interest (COI), and if identified, conflicts are resolved prior to confirmation of participation. Only those participants who had no conflict of interest or who agreed to an identified resolution process prior to their participation were involved in this CME activity. All individuals in a position to control content for this session have indicated they have no relevant financial relationships to disclose. The content of my material/presentation in this CME activity will not include discussion of unapproved or investigational uses of products or devices. Deepak Patel, MD, FAAFP, FACSM Director of Sports Medicine, Rush Copley Family Medicine Residency Program, Aurora, Illinois; Assistant Professor, Rush Medical College, Chicago, Illinois A past FMX presenter, Dr. Patel practices family medicine and sports medicine in Aurora and Yorkville, Illinois, and is medical director for Rush Copley Sports Medicine. His specialty topics include musculoskeletal imaging, concussions, stress fractures, osteoarthritis, joint examinations, pediatric overuse injuries, knee pain, tendonitis/tendonopathy, fractures, and exercise recommendations, as well as evidence-based medicine. He is a fellow of the American College of Sports Medicine. Since Dr. Patel also practices family medicine, he is able to deliver effective presentations to help family physicians address sports medicine and musculoskeletal complaints. He serves as chair for the 2019 AAFP Musculoskeletal and Sports Care course. Dr. Patel has found that staying current with medical advances and evidence- based medicine is the most challenging aspect of family medicine. 2 Learning Objectives 1. Use evidence-based practices to diagnose patients presenting with joint pain for tendinopathy, and assess for red flags indicating infection or other serious condition. 2. Develop an evidence-based treatment strategy for patients with tendinopathy. 3. Counsel patients diagnosed with tendinopathy on prevention and immediate self-treatment strategies. 4. Coordinate referral to physical therapy for tendinopathy. Associated Sessions • (PBL) Tendinopathy: Tackling Troubled Tendons 3 Audience Engagement System Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Overview •Treatments: Tendinopathy‐ •Exercises achilles, lateral • Medications, epicondylitis, patellar • Physical Therapy & modalities, • Injections (steroid, prolotherapy, PRP) • Subacromial Deep Bursitis • Greater Trochanteric De quervains tenosynovitis 4 Tendonitis/Tendinitis Tendonitis? • Tendonitis: acute inflammation (days to few wks) • Tendinosis: chronic degenerative/diseased • Tendinopathy: disorder 5 Tendonitis?? Tendonitis: acute inflammation (<3 wks) Tendinopathy: disorder Tendinosis: chronic degenerative/diseased Tendinopathy • History: • Repetitive, overuse activity • Suspected imbalance • Exam: • Tenderness over tendon • Pain w/ resistance on tendon • Thickening (Achilles) 6 AES Polling Question 1 Tendinopathy is best diagnosed by? A. Clinical (history and exam) B. Xray C. MRI with contrast D. MRI without contrast Tendinopathy ‐ Imaging • Xray ‐ limited value • MRI ‐ uncertain diagnosis • Ultrasound ‐ subluxation and Doppler changes Khan, K.; Scott, A.; Overview of overuse (chronic) tendinopathy. Uptodate Literature review current through: May 2017. | This topic last updated: Apr 04, 2017. accessed 6/8/2017 7 Lateral Epicondylitis ‐ Imaging • ACR: chronic elbow pain: xray best 1st test (SORT: C) • Chronic epicondylitis, xray neg: • MRI w/o contrast or ultrasound (SORT: C) • ACR ‐ clinical correlation required? National Guideline Clearinghouse (NGC). Guideline summary: ACR Appropriateness Criteria® chronic elbow pain. In: National Guideline Clearinghouse (NGC) [Web site]. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ); 2015 Jan 01. [cited 2017 May 24]. Available: https://guideline.gov AES Polling Question 2 The most effective exercise treatment for tendinopathy is? A. Rest with immobilization B. Stretching prior to exercise/activity C. Stretching after exercise/activity D. Eccentric exercise program E. Concentric exercise program 8 Tendinopathy Treatment • Activity modification • Avoid prolonged immobilization • Physical therapy, eccentric exercises (SORT: B) • Achilles 60‐90% cure (SORT: A) CHILDRESS, M., BEUTLER, A. Management of Chronic Tendon Injuries. Am FamPhysician. 2013 Apr 1;87 (7):486-490 Foster ZJ, Voss TT, Hatch J, Frimodig A. Corticosteroid Injections for Common Musculoskeletal Conditions. Am Fam Physician. 2015 Oct 15;92(8):694-9. Eccentric exercise 9 Tendinopathy Treatment • Avoid NSAIDs and steroids (SORT: B) • Corticosteroid injections: short‐term pain benefits for subacromial, trochanteric bursitis and lateral/medial epicondylitis (SORT: B) CHILDRESS, M., BEUTLER, A. Management of Chronic Tendon Injuries. Am FamPhysician. 2013 Apr 1;87 (7):486-490 Foster ZJ, Voss TT, Hatch J, Frimodig A. Corticosteroid Injections for Common Musculoskeletal Conditions. Am Fam Physician. 2015 Oct 15;92(8):694-9. Platelet‐Rich Plasma Injection (PRP) • Cochrane 2014: insufficient evidence (SORT: A) • Meta‐Analysis 2016: Ultrasound guided PRP is effective in tendinopathy (SORT: A) • Meta‐Analysis 2018 of Achilles PRP vs saline US guided + eccentric: PRP injection didn’t help (SORT: A): • Pain scores, • Tendon thickness, or • Doppler activity Moraes VY, Lenza M, Tamaoki MJ, Faloppa F, Belloti JC. Platelet-rich therapies for musculoskeletal soft tissue injuries. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2014, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD010071. Jane Fitzpatrick, Max Bulsara, Ming H. Zheng.; The Effectiveness of Platelet-Rich Plasma in the Treatment of Tendinopathy: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials Am J Sports Med June 6, 2016 ; Vol 45, Issue 1, pp. 226 - 233 doi:10.1177/0363546516643716 Zhang, Y. et al. Is Platelet-rich Plasma Injection Effective for Chronic Achilles Tendinopathy? A Meta-analysis Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research. 476(8):1633-1641, August 2018. 10 Prolotherapy & Stem Cells • Achilles: dextrose prolotherapy + eccentric more effective than either alone (SORT: A) • Lateral epicondyle: monthly dextrose prolotherapy better than saline (SORT: B) • Stem cells for tendinopathy: no evidence for benefit (SORT: A) Cj Covey, C., Sineath, M., Leggit, J., Prolotherapy: Can it help your patient? J Fam Pract. 2015 December; 64 (12): 763-768 Pas HIMFL, et al. No evidence for the use of stem cell therapy for tendon disorders: a systematic review Br J Sports Med 2017;0:1–9. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2016-096794 Lateral Epicondylitis ‐ Steroid Injection • Without injection resolves in 6‐24 months • Corticosteroid 4‐6 wks benefit • At 1 yr, no difference • Recurrence rate: injection 35‐50% vs PT 8‐29% • Muscle energy = injection at 1 yr Foster ZJ, Voss TT, Hatch J, Frimodig A. Corticosteroid Injections for Common Musculoskeletal Conditions. Am Fam Physician. 2015 Oct 15;92(8):694-9. 11 Lateral Epicondylitis ‐ Injection • Corticosteroid injection: standard = peppered = via iontophoresis (SORT: B) • Corticosteroid injection NOT recommended (SORT: A) • Botulinum toxin A injection, prolotherapy, PRP, or autologous blood some pain benefit (SORT: B) • Hyaluronate injection, prolotherapy, autologous blood need further study (SORT: B) Sims SEG, Miller K, Elfar JC, Hammert WC. Non-surgical treatment of lateral epicondylitis: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Hand (New York, NY). 2014;9(4):419-446. Dong W, Goost H, Lin X, et al Injection therapies for lateral epicondylalgia: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta‐ analysis Br J Sports Med 2016;50:900‐908. Branson R., et al., Comparison of corticosteroid, autologous blood or sclerosant injections for chronic tennis elbow. J Sci Med Sport. 2017 Jun;20(6):528‐533. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2016.10.010. Epub 2016 Oct 29. Lateral Epicondylitis • Limited benefit in pain or function (SORT: A): • Bracing • Physical Therapy • Eccentric helps but not superior to other treatment (SORT: B) • ESWT Sims SEG, Miller K, Elfar JC, Hammert WC.
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