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MAIL ORDERS TO : SANDLAPPER PRESS, INC., P.O. BOX 1668, COLUMBIA, S.C. 29202 . Still talking_ remodeling? C&SBank puts the money within yourreach.

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You can talk all you want about adding a room for your growing family. Or putting on a fresh coat of paint. Or paneling the den. Or landscaping the lot. But talk is never an answer. Why not find out what your remodeling project will cost, and see C&S Bank about home improvement money. We'll do everything possible to arrange payments that suit your budget. So you can stop talking about the situation at home. And start improving it.

the action bank THE CITIZENS AND SOUTHERN NATIONAL BANK OF SOUTH CAROLINA Member F.0.1.C. Anderson • Camden • Charleston , Columbia • Conway • Darlington • Florence • Gaffney Greenville • Greer • Inman • Myrtle Beach • Rock Hill • Spartanburg • Sumter Let's put the O back in Sonoco.

There's one thing we at Sonoco want to be remembered by: our name. But people keep spelling it with a U instead of an 0. Which is not just another way to spell Sonoco. It's another company. So to help you remember who we are, we'd like for you to remember, one: we don't pump gas for a living. And, two: our business is making things out of paper and plastics. Things like cones, cores and spools for textiles. Cores and tubes for paper manufacturers and converters. Cans, containers and fol<;ling cartons for packaging. Column forming tubes and underground pipe for construction. And underground vaults for the utility industry. What's more, each of the thousands of products we make is developed in some of the largest and most complete laboratories in the paper, cone and tube industry: our own. And none of them go to consumers. Because all our products are made to solve specialized industrial problems. We'd like to tell you more about all the things we \ do. If you'll write Sonoco Products Company, \\ Department SL,Hartsville, S.C. 29550, we'll ~ send you a copy of our ~\l capabilities booklet. ~,~ Because other than i.\~ our name, there's at \~ least one product we ~~~ want to be remem- li bered by. ;c: The one we can make for you.

Sonoco Products Company. Innovators in paper and plastics. f'e

~ ® so 485 THE MAGAZINE sandl apper. UNIQUE!

READERS' COMMENTS 4 NEXT MONTH 6 BUSINESS AVIATION 9 Robert Somers CUCUMBER KING CARROLL BARNES 14 Harold Rogers THE SPECTATORS ARE CAGED 16 Tom Hamrick ARTIST OLIVIA McGEE 22 Charles M. Israel Definitely Charleston! 16 TOWNS IN 16 HOURS 25 Tom Hamrick STEPHAN'S CANDIES COURTESY TO TOURISTS 38 Tom Hamrick SWAN LAKE IRIS GARDENS 41 Patrick J. Williams • Pecan Pralines • THE CITADEL CAMP FOR BOYS 54 Nancy Rampey • Fudge • Taffy • THE WHOLE-TOWN'S-TALKING • Cocktail Snacks • DINNER PARTY 58 Nike Middleton Plus ONSLOW Famous Candies, A BIT OF THE OLD WEST and "OLD SLAVE MART" Confections. IN THE UP COUNTRY 60 Jan Phillips We mail all over the world ... WATCH WHERE YOU STEP ... 64 Eddie Finlay Write for free brochure. SANDLAPPER BOOKSHELF 68 • SANDLAPPER BOOKSTORE 70 ·4 ROSES 72 Albert P. Hout ;!!!j SOUTH CAROLINA HISTORY ILLUSTRATED ROUT AT COWPENS 76 Lucien Agniel EVENTS 80 A LOCK OF ANDREW JACKSON'S HAIR 87 Viola C. Floyd A CHURCH WITH NO MEMBERS 92 Roy Graham PALMETTO QUIZ 93 GOLF HAS ITS PERILS 94 Marjorie T. Graham INTERESTING, UNUSUAL ITEMS AND SER VICES 96

PUBLISHER Robert Pearce Wilkins EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Delmar L. Roberts EVENTS EDITOR Beth Littlejohn ART DIRECTOR Michael F. Schumpert ADVERTISING REPRESENTATIVES J.T. McKee, Lewis Hay CIRCULATION MANAGER Rose T. Wilkins CIRCULATION ASSIST ANTS Harry D. Hull, Kathryn F. Little A Unique Coeducational Celia S. Truesdale, Anne Watson JUNIOR COLLEGE STAFF ASSIST ANTS Phil Baity, Lewis Hay • Associate in Arts degree. SANDLAPPER is published by Sandlapper Press, Inc., Robert Pearce Wilkins, president; Delmar L. Roberts, vice president editorial; Rose T. Wilkins, vice president and secretary. • Dormitories for boys and girls. • Required, supervised study for SANDLAPPER-THE MAGAZINE OF SOUTH CAROLINA, May-June 1971, Volume 4, Number all. 5. Published monthly except for the combined May-June and July-August issues, making a total of 10 issues annually. Editorial and administrative offices are located on U.S. 378, West Columbia. • Intercollegiate football and S.C. MAI UNG ADDRESS: All correspondence and manuscripts should be addressed to P.O. Box ROTC for boys. 1668, Columbia, S.C. 29202. Return postage must accompany all manuscripts, drawings and • 55 miles from Atlanta. (near photographs submitted if they are to be returned. Query before submitting material. No responsi­ enough, but far enough.) bility assumed for unsolicited materials. Second-class postage paid at Columbia, S.C. Subscription rates: $9 a year in the United States and possessions; foreign countries, $12. Add 4% sales tax for • Cars allowed. South Carolina subscriptions. Copyright © 1971 by Sandlapper Press, Inc. Sandlapper is a regis­ Write Admissions, Dept. S tered trademark. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced without GORDON MILITARY COLLEGE written permission. BARNESVILLE, GA. 30204 Cover: Swan Lake Iris Gardens, Sumter. Richard Taylor.

May-June 1971 3 FIVE FINE BOOKS FROM READERS' SANDLAPPER PRESS, INC. COMMENTS Sandlapper welcomes letters to the editor on matters of general in­ terest. We ask that the letters be held to 150 words or less. Excerpts from this month's letters are pre­ sented below.

I wish to take this opportunity to thank Mary Stewart Allan for her letter to the editor that ap­ peared in the February issue of BATTLEGROUND OF FREEDOM: Sandlapper. Prof. G. Theodore Wichmann was the Man of Music SOUTH CAROLINA IN THE REVOLUTION and Music Education for many By Nat and Sam Hilborn years in Charleston and should The authors present a concise and readable diary of South Carolina's strategic role in the American Revolution. A long-neglected aspect of colorful Palmetto never be forgotten. State history comes alive in this attractive volume. Over 200 illustrations, 92 in full color. Thomas R. Thornley ISBN 0-87844-000-3 i 256 pp. / $20 / 50North Carolina THE TWO WORLDS OF A FORMER RUSSIAN PRINCESS By Marie Gagarine The account of Francis Salvador The author, who is now a Wofford College professor, once served as a in the March issue of Sandlapper is lady-in-waiting to the last Russian empress. Madame Gagarine's memoirs read like very interesting but errs in one re­ a novel and give insight into traditional Russian customs and war-time hardships. The author writes of her narrow escape from Revolutionary Russia, her years of spect. It states that this man has exile in various European countries, and her new life as governess and teacher in been forgotten until the present the United States. 8 pp. of photographs. time .... ISBN 0-87844-000-1 / 152 pp./ $6.95 / 25

4 Sandlapper We burn a lot of coal. leave no carbon waste at all. Of course, we're not the only ones. But we never want you to get wind We also borrow a lot of water for South Carolina is a leader in pollu­ of it. our steam plants, but you'd never tion control. That's why the electrostatic waste know it. And we're trying to be the leader collectors we're installing on our Because we return it to the stream in South Carolina. high smokestacks are 99% effective. or lake in its original clean, clear SOUTH CAROLINA ELECTRIC & GAS COMPANY And we're investigating fuels that condition. We try to make life easier. Park) on Nov. 20, 1950, by two young girls, one of whom was the NEXT MONTH IN daughter of Mr. Tobias. Mary A. Sparkman (Formerly Secretary of the SANDLAPPER Historical Commission of the City of Charleston, S.C.) Charleston, South Carolina

Your story in the February [1970] issue of Sandlapper about the woman who talks fire reminded me of a story heard many years ago. It seems my wife's cousin, then a PAGELAND boy of four or five, fell in the fire­ WATERMELON FESTIVAL place head-first, ramming his arms By Addison Barker under and into a bed of hot coals up to his elbows. GUNTER, GASTON AND THE GRAVEYARD Before his father could get him By Edwin S. James HUMMINGBIRDS out he was horribly burned, and of By Jay Shuler course screaming in agony. They lived in Newport, North A SUMMERVILLE Carolina, and had to drive some 25 TEA PLANTATION miles to the nearest hospital in New By Tom Hamrick Bern, and past a colored woman's house-she was quite elderly-who also claimed to talk fire. I have it on the testimony of his parents (the burned child) and two brothers and a sister, that the woman took the baby ( the father decided to see whether the woman could calm the child) into her little cabin, screaming, the coals im­ bedded in his flesh, and came out CALENDAR OF EVENTS three minutes later. The boy was asleep, and slept all • Art • Theatre • Tours the way to the hospital. Doctors • Music • Sports • Fairs said he was asleep, that he was not • Lectures • Dance • Horse Shows drugged and that he woke up on command, but suffered no visible pain. The burns, as the story in your magazine indicated, produced sores, HOTEL but the child never complained WADE HAMPTON about pain or soreness and told me less than (he's 40-odd now) two "Pinest in t/ie Carolinas" months ago that he never had one Located in beautiful Columbia, South Carolina tiny bit of a scar after the burns Raymond 0. Meredith healed. General Manager Some things in this life are just Michael A. Bullis Sales Director too difficult to explain with pure logic or science.

Les Dane Charleston, South Carolina

6 Sand lap per The writer of this note is pleased Building Character that Sandlapper has had a part, a very large part, in the coming back is part ofour educational into our notice of William Gilmore Simms and his contribution to our program at Porter-Gaud state. His excellent history, his en­

joyable romances we know, but his There's more to it than books, and we realize it. ability to write words to the music Boarding students enjoy a full, well-rounded life on our spacious new campus. Standard of songs-this we did not know or athletic programs are supplemented with sailing, even suspect. tennis, soccer, etc. Our boys are here because they want to be. For a pictorial look, write 1 enclose a sample of his talent. Berkeley Grimball, Headmaster.

Petrona R. Mclver PORTER-GAUD SCHOOL Mount Pleasant, South Carolina Albemarle Point • Charleston, South Carolina 29407

OHi WELCOll.E YB TllE STRANGBB. woaD8 BY w. GIL.OBI 81.KIIIS, J:SQ.-lll1JSIC BY Jl!LU)rf CIU.IIIBR. save your copies- of -From Godey's Lady's Book, January-June 1848

The interesting article by Nancy C. Yates in your March 1971 issue about "Amethyst and Granite" did not refer to the derivation of "ame­ thyst." The Oxford English Dictionary, Vol. I, states that amethyst comes from the Greek word Ame­ In This Handsome Binder thustos--not drunken, being made up of a privative and methustos, a Each sturdy blue binder is fitted with 12 removable rods, allowing verbal adjective derived from easy insertion or removal of any of the year's issues of Sandlapper. me thustein-to intoxicate, methu The publication, volume and year are stamped in gold on the binder. meaning wine. Please state whether you desire a binder for Volume I (1968), Various explanations have been Volume II (1969), Volume Ill (1970), or Volume IV (1971 ). made as to why the amethyst is The binders are $4.00 each postpaid. S. C. residents add 4"/o sales usually put into a bishop's ring. tax. Some of the reasons are amusing. Write to: Sandlapper Press, Inc . P. 0. Box 1668 Robert E. Gribbin Retired Bishop of Columbia, S. C . 29202 Western North Carolina Charleston, South Carolina

May-June 1971 7 Lionel Lewis is a health physicist.

He works for you.

His job is to make certain that our new and even wild animals near our plant sites. nuclear-electric generating stations are safe The goal of our scientists: the most effi­ -for our personnel, for the public, and for cient operation with uncompromising total our environment. safety. As a result of their efforts, the radi­ And he's highly qualified to do the job. ation from our nuclear plants will be much Only one out of six health physicists has risen less than from an ordinary TV set. And this is to " certified" status. Lionel Lewis, who has only a small fraction of the amount deter­ been working with nuclear power for 17 mined to be safe by the International Com­ years, has achieved that distinction. mission on Radiological Protection. As a member of Duke Power's staff, Duke Power's team of environmental Lionel works closely with our engineers in the scientists are making sure we stay good neigh­ design, construction, and operation of our nu­ bors-to you and to Mother Nature. clear plants. He is involved with monitoring the radiation levels of the plant and compo­ nents ( such as the nuclear fuel assembly in the photo above). He also makes other extensive studies including the natural radiation that al­ Duke Po'4tVer readyexists in the air, water, vegetation, earth Making life a little better mated time enroute] of 1: 19 to New York. Flight sheet is com­ for the day's flight. The crew has plete-headings, airways, fre­ arrived and begun their day: quencies, weight and balance. " ... all exterior and mechanical Flight plan is filed, charts-all here, items are checked, cockpit check passenger manifest.... " n the pre-dawn darkness the complete, fuel-6,000 pounds of As the aircraft taxis out to the workday has already begun at kerosene-maintenance records active runway, ground control re­ Ithe Columbia Metropolitan Air­ checked .... " And they must plan lays to him his instrument flight port. A sleek jet aircraft is towed the flight: " ... LaGuardia has a clearance which has been approved out of the hangar to the flight line 300-foot overcast, one mile visi­ and issued by the air route traffic where it will be fueled and readied bility, and the weather is deteriorat­ control center in Jacksonville, ing. Have a good alternate, though, Florida: " ... Jet Commander 430 at Windsor Locks-they're forecast­ Charlie is cleared to the LaGuardia ing 1,000 feet and two miles. Upper Airport, J-75, flight planned route, air analysis shows a quartering tail­ climb to and maintain flight level wind; that'll give us an ETE [ esti- three six zero. After takeoff main­ tain heading zero seven zero to in­ tercept J-75, squawk 1,100 on the transponder, contact departure con­ trol on 118.4." As the sky begins coloring in the east, a jet lifts off the runway-a business aircraft, one of many such corporate airplanes in South Caro­ lina, on its way to work.

BUSINESS AVIATION By Robert Somers A WAY OF BUYING TIME American business has always particular interests. Jet Commander, used primarily to been a dynamic and highly com­ With more businesses becoming sell the state and lure new industry petitive way of life. The laggards regional or national in scope, time here. are left behind, or eliminated al­ has become a very important factor Business or corporate aircraft are together. A good product and ag­ in acquiring and retaining cus­ located at most of the state's air­ gressive marketing go hand-in-hand tomers. Out of necessity, South ports. They vary in size and range in keeping a business prosperous. Carolina businesses have joined the from a small single-engine model South Carolina business is no less jet age, even though they have been used by a pot-and-pan salesman to a aggressive than that of any other in the air age for two score years. twin-engine jet used by a large con­ part of the country in pursuing its Leading the way is the state-owned s tru c ti on company. These fast-

May-June 1971 9 Aviation pioneer and early president of the S.C. Aeronautics Commission, Dexter C. Martin (left) had his pilot's license signed by Orville Wright.

traveling and far-ranging business­ Expanding from one three-seat men are good examples of South biplane in 1928 to today's Carolina capitalism on the go­ aircraft for over 5,500 state pilots, South Carolina business creating new business, new jobs and aviation has seen dramatic more tax revenue, and helping to growth in private and keep the state economically sound. commercial flying in the last Travels of South Carolina's wings projects. J.P. Stevens & Co., Inc., three decades. Such growth of industry are primarily restricted flies its Fan Jet Falcon to New was evident at the 2nd Annual Southeastern to the United States, but some York, and on to Halifax, Nova Aviation Trade Mart at flights go as far as Canada, Mexico Scotia. It returns to New York the Greer in May 1970 (right). and Central and South America; same day and picks up a load of flights to Europe are in the plan­ customers for Chicago. The next ning stage. Most flights depart and day it returns to New York, hurries where the company builds and de­ return the same day; some make back to Halifax and returns home velops shopping centers. several trips in one day, while that afternoon. Dramatic examples of the useful­ others stay out for a week or more. The B.L. Montague Co. of ness of business aircraft are plenti­ Flexibility dictates that they not be Sumter, dealing in machine and ful. Sloan Construction Co., road harnessed to a timetable; nor are tool products, has major operations and paving contractors with several they regulated to any particular in Greenville and Charleston. Its offices in the state, flies its twin­ route of flight. twin-engine Beechcraft E-18 pro­ engine Beechcraft Queen Air to Many industries are represented vides transportation primarily be­ Massachusetts just to pick up a ma­ here: Piedmont Engineers & Archi­ tween these three points. chine part. This part is then flown tects of Greenville flies its twin­ Easley Lumber Co. of Easley to Melbourne, Florida, where it is engine Beechcraft Baron to operates a twin-engine Piper Aztec placed on board a U.S. Air Force Trenton, New Jersey, and Madison, from Boston to Miami. Much of its jet bound for Ascension Island, just Wisconsin, to supervise building flying, however, is in the Carolinas, off the southwest coast of Africa. Their whole work crew on the -Photo by David Anderson island had been idled because Of a machine which needed this one part. Reeves Brothers Manufacturers of Spartanburg operates a twin­ turboprop Beechcraft King Air, pri­ marily between its plants in the Southeast and the home office in New York. A Greenwood textile company, a Greer food-processing plant, a Florence heating and air condition­ ing contractor, a Belton bagging

10 Sand lap per company, a Georgetown steel com­ charter aircraft may be able to jus­ Machinery Co. of Columbia. The pany-these are but a few of the tify an airplane, yet prefer to let a ability of the helicopter to land other South Carolina companies professional flight operation handle almost anywhere makes it the which utilize corporate aircraft. their air travel needs. Other firms quickest way to rush parts, me­ Chartering is practiced by many which may own a plane may find a chanics or personnel directly to the firms which occasionally need the need for more than one. Here again, jobsite. speed and convenience of business the charter operator is called on. The helicopter is coming into its aircraft. An auto parts manufac­ Two other types of business air­ own as a business aircraft, mainly turer, for instance, may charter a craft arrangements are popular. because of its convenience. As an twin-engine Queen Air late at night Some companies own airplanes but example, Springs Mills has a heli­ to deliver parts to Detroit, Michi­ don't have pilots, preferring to hire port on the roof of its main office gan, and Rockford, Illinois, thus them by the day. Then there are building in Fort Mill. This arrange­ preventing a costly shutdown of an companies who swap airplanes ment eliminates the drive to the air­ assembly line. among themselves: "Use my air­ port, the mile walk to the terminal, Businessmen who find it neces­ plane when you need it, and I'll use the lines to wait in. Passengers sary to go somewhere in a hurry, yours when I need an extra one." simply walk up a flight of stairs and but not often enough to justify Another budding branch of busi­ board the aircraft. Reflecting the owning an airplane, depend on ness flying utilizes rotary-wing rise in business use of helicopters, charters and the 24 air taxi opera­ craft-helicopters. Of the 29 regis­ the Capital Cabana Motel in Colum­ tors within the state to speed them tered in the state, the majority are bia has a heliport on its roof, as will to their destination. The largest of used for crop dusting and for in­ the new Greenville city hall when the air taxi services is Stevens Avia­ structing, while the remainder are completed. tion of Greer, boasting 30 airplanes used for business flying. An ex­ Business aviation in South Caro­ and 33 pilots. The frequency of a ample is Springs Mills' Bell Jet­ lina officially began in 1928 when company's use of this service may Ranger helicopter which operates the Farquar Cotton Co. of Green­ vary from once a week to once a between the Fort Mill home office ville bought a three-seat biplane, year. and nearby plants. Another opera­ the Eaglerock J-5. In 1930, C.G. Some corporations which use tor of the Jet-Ranger is Jeff Hunt Fuller of Barnwell purchased a

May-June 1971 11 Left: Four private jets at the Stevens Aviation hangar at Greenville-Spartanburg Airport.

(now Winn-Dixie) continues to operate a business aircraft, a twin­ engine Beechcraft G-18. In 1935, the newly organized South Carolina Aeronautics Com­ mission purchased its first airplane, a Stinson Reliant. Headed by avia­ tion pioneer Dexter C. Martin (his license was signed by Orville Wright), the commission was active in implementing airport construc­ tion and maintenance, which in tum has encouraged business flying Stinson Reliant for business travel, Below: A business pilot performs within the state. In recognition of and by 1931 South Carolina had a a pre-flight warm-up on a Grumman the outstanding job he had done in total of 48 pilots of all types ( com­ Gulfstream turboprop. Private and commercial aviation are the state, Martin, of Columbia, was pared with 5,597 today). Nineteen comparable in safety requirements. elected president of the National licensed, and 26 unlicensed aircraft Association of State Aviation Of­ operated in the state in 1931, while ficials from 1941 to 1946. today there are 1,250 active aircraft Today, business aviation is an im­ based on the state's 150 public and portant ingredient in the economy private airports and airstrips. of the state and the nation. The In 1934, the Dixie Home-Stores voice of business aviation, the of Greenville, headed by the late National Business Aircraft Asso­ J.P. Williamson, purchased a four­ ciation, reports that of their 850 place Stinson monoplane with a member corporations they are re­ 215-horsepower engine. The air­ sponsible for one third of the gross plane was used to "locate fresh national product. They own aircraft vegetables and fruit with little valued at almost $1 billion, spend delay, and by store officials in visit­ $60 million each year on fuel, and ing other stores." On one of his $500 million annually on domestic first trips, Williamson, accompanied airline tickets. by M.S. Merritt, a vice-president Sometimes you have to spend it with the firm, flew to Ware Shoals, to make it-that includes travel Greenwood, Ninety Six, McCor­ expense-and American business mick and Abbeville. The trip time must travel. The American business was six hours; it normally took two aviation fleet consists of 1,000 pure days by car. Dixie Home-Stores jet and 1,300 turboprop aircraft-a

Right: Columbia Metropolitan Airport, like numerous others throughout the state, accommodates business as well as commercial aircraft.

12 Sand lap per total of 2,300 turbine-powered air­ Tim Heflin of Stevens Aviation is sphere from one corner to the craft. Total business aircraft of all one of the top eight in the nation, other, and during a leisurely air­ types number 24,282 out of the with over three million consecutive borne conference before lunch, will 114,186 in general aviation. The safe flying miles to his credit. have crossed the continent. With airlines have a total of 2,500 planes The practical South Carolina these "seven-league boots," nothing in their fleets. Total annual flight businessman of today is taking to is too far away; the world is his hours for business aviation in 1968 the air when he must travel. Com­ marketplace. He is buying time, was 6,578,000, while the airlines mercial airlines are a reliable and that most precious commodity that flew 4,136,000 for the same period. economical mode of travel, but there is never enough of, and can Forecasts indicate the business avia­ they serve only seven of the state's never be retrieved once it is gone. tion fleet will triple within the next airports, while nationally they serve The next time you hear what 10 years, while the airline fleet will only 532 out of a total 10,000 air­ sounds like a small jet, look up and grow by a third. ports. It's small wonder that the see that small silver object flashing Business aviation is comparable fast-moving businessman must de­ in the sun from 40,000 feet. It's to the commercial airlines in safety. vise his own means of aerial trans­ not a jet you will see but a "time The 1970 safety report of the portation. machine"-and probably one that National Business Aircraft Associa­ That he has; the contrails of his does business in South Carolina. tion shows 623 pilots who have ac­ jet airplane mix with those of the cumulated over one billion con­ airlines and business jets of the rest Robert Somers is a free-lance writer secutive safe flying miles. Of these, of the world. He traverses the hemi- from Greer.

May-June 1971 13 amburger lovers the world over-and the cucumber in­ Hdustry in general-will probably never know the debt they owe Dr. Carroll Barnes, a Clemson Univer­ sity professor of horticulture and plant breeder with the S.C. Agri­ cultural Experiment Station at the Charleston Truck Station. He specializes in cucumbers, and probably is without peer in his field. Dr. Barnes' work in breeding new cucumber varieties for changing de­ mands has helped keep the pickles coming for the increasing volume of hamburgers around the world. By breeding plants with more disease resistance, he has helped South Carolina farmers and those else­ where to expand greatly cucumber production. Plant breeding is tedious, back­ bending scientific work that re­ quires infinite patience, intimate knowledge of genetics and plant pathology, plus an overdose of dedication. It consists of working with generation after generation of plants, growing them, picking fruits, culling seeds, planting again, pollinating, inoculating, harvesting CUCUMBER KING and starting over again in the con­ tinuous search for something better. It's the kind of challenge Barnes digs into with energy and CARROL BARNES enthusiasm. By Harold Rogers Year after year, the onetime Hampton County farm boy and as the "No. 1 slicer cucumber in and helped to provide the product. Clemson graduate who went on to America today," another responds. When processors wanted more and Cornell University for a Ph.D. in "He has produced plants with smaller cucumbers for high-selling horticulture has labored meticu­ resistance to six of the seven major sweet pickles, more brow-wrinkling, lously in humid fields to breed and diseases that attack cucumbers." plant-breeding work in the loamy produce better cucumbers and No other breeder, according to fields of Charleston was necessi­ other vegetables. authorities, has developed a variety tated. But the result is plants that His success can be measured in resistant to more than two diseases, bear the desired fruit. many ways: except by using Barnes' varieties in Barnes' basic philosophies and "You can eat a fresh or pickled hybrids. Hampton County farm background cucumber anywhere in the United The Clemson scientist has may help to explain his amazing States and chances are excellent worked diligently to improve fruit success. that you'll be enjoying a variety quality and characteristics accord­ "Mostly it's old-fashioned work. developed by Barnes," one source ing to market demands. When grow­ You can't be a swivel-chair plant reports. ing hamburger chains wanted larger breeder," Barnes points out. "A One of 14 new cucumber vari­ cucumbers in volume for dill good man in this field must be thor­ eties developed by him is regarded pickles, Barnes went to the fields oughly knowledgeable about his

14 Sand lap per crop, how to grow it, all the ins and slicer cucumbers released to the tures, which include added-on costs outs and what the end results of a trade: Ashley, Stone, Poinsett, of processing and handling, aver­ given step will be. Then he's got to Gemini, Gemini 7, Cherokee, aged $4.5 million in this state in the live with it, make all the tests neces­ Cherokee 7, Palmetto and Santee. 19 5 7-59 period and climbed to sary and evaluate the results intelli­ Barnes' pickling varieties are $10.9 million for 1967-69. gently. All the easy things in plant Chipper, Explorer, Pixie, Southern Barnes, who began working with breeding have been done. Now we Cross, Ranger, Pioneer and Galaxy. cucumbers not long after he took have to work on the complicated Many in each category are grown over as superintendent of the Truck things, have to fight the battle in around the world, and in some lo­ Station in 1937, has also made every possible way," he adds. calities have been given credit for major contributions in other crops The environment of the Charles­ saving the industry. Barnes is and research areas. He developed ton area is regarded as ideal for ex­ widely known in the trade by such the important Parris Island variety perimenting with vegetable diseases. titles as "The Cucumber King" and of lettuce and the Cherokee wax They thrive in this warm climate "Cucumber Carroll." It is not un­ snapbean. He's now working on and high humidity," Barnes ex­ usual, he notes, for foreign visitors disease-resistant cabbage, broccoli plains. "Our test plots are attacked to Charleston to pull in at the ex­ and collards, and aphid-resistant by about any kind of organism we periment station, "to get a look at turnips. can expect on vegetables; putting the place where the cucumber In his earlier years, he was out plants here to check diseases is varieties they are growing origi­ known as a fertilizer man, experi­ like putting a rabbit in a briar nated." menting with trace elements and patch." In 1968, Pickle Packers Inter­ working with other soil manage­ He's regarded as "ruthless" in the national, Inc. elected Barnes to its ment problems. Pioneering in irri­ field when it comes to eliminating Hall of Fame. He has been named gation development was another plants showing susceptibility to "Man of the Year in South Carolina accomplishment. But his greatest diseases. "He's the darndest cu­ Agriculture," "Man of the Year for emphasis and productivity have cumber 'puller-upper' I ever saw," the Southern Seedsmen's Associa­ been with cucumbers. And one of one packer says. Barnes admits that tion" and received two other top the principal reasons for his success the hardest part of plant breeding is awards within the past five years. is that he maintains a close liaison learning how much material to Barnes' slicer varieties such as with growers, processors and throw away and what to keep for Palmetto, Poinsett and Ashley have marketing interests to see that his breeding again. literally put South Carolina and varieties go as well in the industry In season, the work is seven days other Southern farmers in the fall as in the fields at Charleston. a week. With a fishing cap or West­ cucumber business. Prior to the Each year, packers and others in ern hat to shield him from the sum­ development of these cucumbers the cucumber trade invade the mer's sun, he crawls among the with multiple disease resistance, Charleston experiment station en 6,000 to 10,000 cucumber plants, crippling diseases such as downy masse to look over work in progress sqatting or bending by each to mildew had made commercial fall and talk about new developments. hand-pollinate it by rubbing male cucumber growing all but impos­ "This way we are in close touch and female flowers together. "We sible in the South. Now they can with all phases of the business," can't leave it up to the bees. It turn out two crops a year, and says Barnes. "We keep up with would get all crossed up," he could grow throughout the summer what our seed are doing, and what's chuckles. if continued production were neces­ needed in the field." In disease resistance work, he sary to justify equipment costs in He adds a last thought: "A good carefully prepares cultures of each mechanized harvesting. plant breeder should try to stay disease. known to attack cucumbers "And this is expected to be the ahead, give the trade what will be and applies these to the plant sur­ next step; they'll have to go to needed tomorrow; and there's no faces for inoculation. Sometimes mechanization," Barnes predicts. better way of knowing what chang­ this is done tediously by hand, The impact of the disease-resist­ ing demands will be than by keep­ sometimes by sprayer. "It's impor­ a n t varieties and expanded pro­ ing up with what's going on in all tant to know the spore load of each duction can be measured by the segments. And it doesn't hurt to do plant. You want to apply the maxi­ rising farm value of cucumber har­ a little daydreaming when you're mum for test results without killing vests in this state. For the three­ working on possibilities." the plant," he explains. year period 1957-59, it averaged His meticulous work has paid off $1.2 million; for 1967-69, it was Harold Rogers is associate extension in development of these nine new $4.87 million. Consumer expendi- editor at Clemson University.

May-June 1971 15 The Spectators Are Caged i11 the A11imal Forest By Tom Hamrick

ven the hungriest of timber cise" stooping to pick up litter be­ wolves never eat paper cups and hind the swarms of tourists who Eused flashbulbs. And pumas, follow the mile-long trail through rattlesnakes and alligators feel Charleston's year-old majestic ani­ pretty much the same about these mal kingdom. low-calorie items. Consequently, Dann is the first to apologize for about once a week members of the visitors who toss refuse into the staff of the plush green animal huge fenced-in forest where the forest at the Charles Town Land­ animals live in a natural habitat. ing arm themselves with clubs and "Take the alligators for instance. invade the beasts' lairs to pick up Very few people realize they sleep the debris left behind by the 2,000 for a week and the only time they to 4,000 persons who weekly wend move is to eat. So people stand on their way through the 22 tide­ the elevated wooden walkway in washed acres which have been sur­ front of the alligator habitat and rendered to hundreds of birds, rep­ throw things at them to see if they tiles and mammals. can't stir a bit of life into the Nevertheless, for people like A.L. gators. But it's a waste of time. "Al" Dann, director of the sprawl­ Paper cups, sticks and flashbulbs ing natural jungle inside heavily bounce off and they don't even populated metropolitan Charleston, blink." "this is a wonderful job," even Worse, wolves chew up the cups, when it means recapturing litter and picking up the minute particles while a 125-pound wolf glares and becomes a really bothersome task. growls over the intrusion of his The animal forest is the bonus home. feature and perhaps the single most The littering habits of the human memorable attraction within the animal create more problems for 18 4 acres on the Ashley River Dann and his tiny staff than all the wild species combined. "People are simply a bigger problem than the Left: Without fear of being attacked, animals," he offers with a smile, two visitors pass through the cage-way between the bear and puma compounds. and therefore he and the four Right: Bison once roamed South others who work with him "get a Carolina, but the hunters' guns drove fairly decent daily ration of exer- them west and to near extinction.

16 Sand lap per which were opened last April as one of the South's major tourist attrac­ tions. "When people walk into the for­ est for the first time, what they see is totally different from anything they've ever seen before," Dann claims. "It surprises them. People in America have grown accustomed to seeing wild animals penned up in tiny little squares of concrete and steel and neurotically pacing back and forth in their cramped confine­ ment. The animal forest is a planet apart. Here, under acres of trees, visitors move along a trail in a jungle and see animals surrounding them on all sides in natural habitat, and living much as they would if they were free." The environment is so natural that "quite honestly, now and then some visitor complains to us that he didn't see the bobcats or the alli­ gators or the timber wolves." The answer is simple enough, Dann insists. "The bobcats are nocturnal animals and were likely sleeping on a tree limb. The timber wolves were busy with something else in their several acres of roaming space and were hidden from view by the heavy underbrush. And the gators were sleeping under a blanket of marsh water." In instances where the animals don't put in a personal appearance immediately, Dann urges the visitors to "exercise their eyes and their patience. They're there. They're simply not in eyeball-to­ - All photos by Jo Pinkard eyeball contact as at the zoo." The state's Tricentennial Com­ Two of the four bison are there adds hurriedly. mission earmarked $90,000 for the courtesy of Dr. C.B. Rush of Tim­ Other animals, reptiles and birds animal habitat and $10,000 of this monsville. "Charlie the Chirping came as gifts from throughout the fund was used to purchase its birds Puma," who now weighs in at 80 state. "Take people with deer, for and beasts. Every animal it houses pounds of rippling muscle, was con­ instance. They make great pets is native to South Carolina, in­ tributed by Charles White of when they're small-but how do cluding the bison (forced west Charleston after Charlie simply got you feed and care for a full-sized before he was nearly exterminated) too big to sleep in the bathtub. But buck?" Dann asks. Several fawns and the timber wolf (now rarely Charles and Charlie still love each were contributed during the winter seen in North America except in other and White comes out fre­ months when an animal lover dis­ northern Canada and Alaska). quently to put his old friend on a covered their mothers had been Approximately 85 per cent of leash and take him for a stroll struck and killed by automobiles. the denizens of the animal forest through the forest-"when we're The 15 per cent of the animals were donated by South Carolinians. closed to visitors, of course," Dann the park had to buy came from

May-June 1971 17 zoos in St. Louis, Miami, Wilming­ had just retired from his position as rugged-looking mountain lions." ton, North Carolina, the Buffalo the head of insurance claims adjust­ Timber wolves rush to his Ranch in Concord, North Carolina, ment firms in Elmira, New York, whistle-tendered from outside the and several other points. Hampton and Wellsboro, Pennsylvania, when protective netting-like a pack of Park in Charleston provided some he met Jim Fowler at a friend's pet dogs. But neither Dann nor any of its animals without charge. home. Dann had come South "to member of his staff is willing to Now and then Dann or one of devote the rest of my life to playing extend them a physical hand of the members of his staff goes out golf." All he wanted to do was friendship. "It just might get dis­ into the community to trap rac­ better his low 80s. connected," he says with a wry coons, opossums and bobcats which Fowler, famous in the field of grin. The other animals in his em­ have drawn complaints because zoology and costar of the network pire know him, and as he walks by they have been spotted within the television series Wild Kingdom, had they watch him with interest and bustling city limits of Charleston. been commissioned by the landing hope. It is more than hero worship These, too, are added to the me­ site planning committee to draw up for them, though. Dann and his nagerie. plans for the animal forest. His staff often load themselves with Today, the original $10,000 in enthusiasm captured Dann. "The chicken necks and other edible re­ animal purchases has swelled in more I heard, the more I wanted to wards and toss out the goodies to value "to some $50,000, I suppose, become a part of it. So we worked their charges as they pass. if we put them on the market at out an agreement that in his ab­ Working with Dann as assistant one time," Dann reports. The state sence I would work and supervise director is Carly le Blakeney, for­ legislature will be happy to hear construction of the animal forest merly of Spartanburg, a graduate of that within two years, as credit to a according to his plans." This led to zoology studies at Clemson Univer­ population explosion and low mor­ Dann's being appointed director of sity and the University of Ten­ tality rate within the forest, "we'll the forest; Fowler is still active in a nessee. Mrs. Beverley Riley, until be making a profit in animal sales." consultant's role. recently a registered laboratory It is Dann's intention to sell "any Until then Dann's only exper­ technician at the Medical University surplus, so we won't over-populate ience with animals dated to boy­ of South Carolina in Charleston, the forest. And zoos are great cus­ hood on his father's dairy farm. has so broadened her new area of tomers. They're always looking for Today Dann knows his animals and endeavor that she now prepares and animals." they know him, and he even draws administers animal inoculations, Dann came by his job as director a purr from a puma when he pets maintains charts on their general of the animal forest because he hap­ one, "although I must admit it took health and manages the forest's pened to be visiting a friend in me a lot of time to work up enough dietary department. Charleston in November 1969. He courage to stroke one of these Every day the animals consume $20 worth of state-provided rations and it is Mrs. Riley's job to prepare what they like, how much they like, and then to make sure they're eating it. "You can tell an animal is ailing when he slows down his in­ take," according to Mrs. Riley. The staff is further augmented by a full-time laborer and two part-time laborer-guides who work weekends. Because animals keep inhuman hours, so must the staff; Dann turns in for duty daily at 7 a.m. The next 21h hours are spent in ladling out breakfast. Equal time goes into the second meal of the day, at mid­ afternoon. Since the animals can't come to dinner, their meals must be trekked to them along the mile of trail. The carnivorous among his wards are the biggest expense to the animal forest, since they diet on horse meat highly fortified with vitamins. Raccoons and foxes are

Above: Leslie Kilpatrick of the animal forest staff poses with a friendly opossum. Below: King of reptiles, the alligator takes week-long naps, waking only for an occasional snack content with less-costly dried dog problem to the other. There are few of fish or crabs that sneak through food and chicken necks. Birds and signs. The park management has the wire fence and into the gator's den. alligators are fed fish and the gators made an effort to "keep the forest supplement their diets with crabs, looking as natural as possible," which sneak into the gator den Dann says. The few precautions through openings in the wire fence. that are posted courteously beg Once in, they rarely leave. Alli­ visitors not to toss anything to the gators aren't that sleepy. animals. In dry seasons "no smok­ The forest is oval-shaped and ing" signs are nailed to the trees. most of the animals are quartered "What a catastrophe a fire would in the center of the ellipse with an cause here," Dann worries. It would unpaved walkway on the circum­ be impossible to transfer the ani­ ference. About half the acreage is mals. There are too few cages at the bounded by head-high marsh grass. forest to house them. "Anyway, The outskirts of Charleston make a there'd be no time to move them. It beautiful picture in the distance, bothers me to think that some­ across the Ashley River. body's carelessly discarded cigarette Elevated wooden walkways have could wipe this place out in an been erected at intervals where the hour." marshes are flooded by tide. At The several cages the forest does these points spectators look down own are reserved for "newcomers." on the animals roaming free at their Incoming animals and birds spend feet. However, at every habitat wire their first 10 days under close barriers separate man and beast, in scrutiny to determine if they are the event either tries to become a healthy. Only those which prove fit

19 are moved to habitats occupied by their kinsmen. This precautionary program has paid a rich dividend. Although some animals have died in their cages during the observation period, not a single free inhabitant of the forest fell victim to death in all of 1970, according to the park's records. At any given time, visitors will see two to four fawns, one or more baby bison-worth up to $300 apiece, some 30 raccoons either busy digging or taking their chil­ dren for a walk at tree-height, and seven or eight red foxes, playful or shy, depending on the mood of the moment. One hµndred shore birds-cranes, herons, pelicans and sea gulls-share a giant fenced arena. For them the sky is not the limit. Overhead, spun through treetops, wire netting pro­ vides assurance that the birds won't fly off to find another home. Four or five timber wolves, look­ ing not unlike giant German shep­ herd dogs, swap stares with spectators, as do four black bears. Five or six whitetail deer and an elk contingent have their own ranges. At least four adult bison seem far prevent the bobcats from joining by the hand of man. The pathways more content now than their grand­ the guests. to the streams which lacerate the parents must have been when they Three snake pits, deep holes in habitats were beaten into the were targets for Sitting Bull and the earth separated from the path­ ground by animal paws. Buffalo Bill. way by screen and a chest-high pali­ Despite an occasional complaint A minimum of 20 alligators, sade, offer visitors a close examina­ from visitors that animals at times some finger length and others tion of several dozen rattlesnakes, are difficult to spot, the park has measuring up to 14 feet and wad­ copperheads, rat snakes, king no intention of laying a blade on dling around at 800 pounds, sleep snakes and coral snakes. The pits any of the thousands of trees, vines in a swampy bed beneath another are six feet deep and measure 15 and bushes which stud the habitats, of the 10-foot-high wooden walk­ feet in diameter. The rattlers, causing some elements of it to be­ ways. natural enemies of king snakes, c om e an almost impenetrable A colony of bobcats-6 to 10, have individual quarters. The jungle. "The whole bit here is depending on motherhood and sales copperheads, rat snakes, corals and nature in the raw, and that's the appeal to zoos-seems to relish the kings live together happily. way we intend to keep it," Dann company of human visitors more Fifty wild turkeys spend their argues. than any of the other residents of day gobbling and eating and four None of the animal forest staff the forest. By the hour they stretch pumas are their next-door neigh­ can guarantee that the animals are out along tree limbs 30 feet or bors-separated by wire, of course. happy-"but they certainly seem to more overhead and fix unblinking Except for the more crowded be, from standpoints of appearance yellow eyes on the throng below quarters of the snakes, all animals and reaction," one staffer insists. which, from their viewpoint, must occupy a minimum of an acre and "They romp and play just as they seem to be made up solely of point­ some of the larger species range would if they roamed free." Dann ing fingers. Special screening has over four acres. The topography of adds that "you ought to see the been appended to limb tips to each habitat has been undisturbed way a 'zoo animal' gallops about

20 Sand lap per when he's taken out of a cage and 15-man security patrol, escape put in one of these habitats. It tunnels are quickly spotted and takes him a couple of days to settle filled with concrete. "The raccoons down and stop acting as if he's keep us busy mixing concrete," suddenly found heaven. That first Dann grins. couple of days is nothing but Along with the entire tricenten­ nibbling at grass and shrubs and nial landing site, the forest was prancing for hours." opened to the public in April 1970, Perhaps the one factor which has even though much of the con­ most intrigued the staff is the way struction was still to be accom­ the animals have shunned the plished. The past winter was de­ shelters the park has provided in voted to completing plans, includ­ each habitat. Even in cold rain, ing the erection of the huge aviary they sleep in trees or under bushes and the excavation of the snake while the wooden dwellings built pits. for them go untenanted. Although all the animals enjoy The entire football-shaped forest, healthy appetites, feeding them is located 30 seconds' walk from the something the forest staff prefers to edge of the parking lot, is sur­ do for itself. Even when the fare rounded by seven feet of heavy flung at animals is more substantial wire which is topped with two feet than paper cups, Dann and his team of barbed wire, just in case an still grumble. They make a great animal escapes its habitat. However, effort to maintain a balanced diet in all of last year, only a baby bison for their feathered, furry and scaly managed to get out of his quarters. attractions, and there's little point Seemingly contented, all of the in maintaining individual records animals have apparently canceled when the public flips a pickled pig's any escape plans. Except the rac­ foot to a wolf or a half-eaten coons. Although the fencing and peanut butter sandwich to a bison. pickets extend a foot or more into Because the forest staff can't af­ the ground, the raccoons are ford to chance children's-or some "Charlie the Chirping Puma" (above) is one of many private donations to the spurred by the challenge. Yet, since wayward adult's-wandering animal forest. Raccoons (below) are the area is regularly toured night through the forest after dark, when among the animals trapped by the staff. and day by the staff and the park's most of the animals are most active, the gates are always closed before nightfall. Even during the day the animal kingdom is constantly pa­ trolled by the security force and park staff. Horseplay among chil­ dren is squelched immediately and the fellow who has gotten a bit too cheerful through the courtesy of his local bartender is invited to return home and sleep it off, just in case. Dann wishes "everybody in the world could come here and see animals living as they did when the first Charlestonians arrived. And I think the animals enjoy having company around." But he makes one final request: "Please don't feed paper cups to the wolves."

Lt. Col. USA (Ret.) Tom Hamrick is from Mount Pleasant.

May-June 1971 21 Artist Olivia McGee

By Charles M. Israel

livia Jackson McGee was born in Nichols, South Carolina, which Oshe calls "a picturesque little town sleeping under moss-hung trees." She was educated in South Carolina public schools and at Limestone College. She recalls that her interest in painting can be traced to childhood, but that she didn't realize her full potential until she was paid five dollars by a sev­ enth grade classmate to decorate the blank pages in his history book. When she graduated from Lime­ stone with a degree in art, she went to New York City to look for a job as a fashion artist. "I had spent the summer before in New York City as a banker's private secretary," she recalls, "so I knew how to get about the city. In my rounds of job hunting I ran into artists who were obviously better trained and better educated in the field than I was, and they were job hunting, too. I reached the obvious conclusion that

22 Sand lap per I needed more study, so I began Her imagination and her emo­ drawing boards, easel, storage studying in earnest, while holding tions are the keys to understanding space, proper lighting, etc. After down other jobs, getting married her work. One of her favorite re­ she had tried painting there for sev­ and raising a family." cent works is the watercolor of a eral weeks, and after she had apolo­ Although Mrs. McGee has experi­ freak mid-autumn snow at Clem­ gized to Charlie, she returned to her mented with many other types of son: "I looked out of my kitchen own kitchen and made a segment of painting since her girlhood, her window and saw the red and yellow it into a permanent studio. "I like favorite medium is watercolors. Her fall leaves showing through the being in my kitchen," she says. "I concentration on this medium first snow. Then I knew that I must can prepare a meal or sweep the occurred while she was enrolled in paint this scene." And she did-but patio while I'm waiting for a wash Clemson University's School of Ar­ after two years had passed and after on one of my paintings to dry. I chitecture, where she studied with her imagination had changed geog­ can go about these household Gilmer Petroff, a noted watercolor­ raphy a little. Her emotions of the chores and still be close to my ist. "It was with Gilmer Petroff that colors and the mood of the day are painting." I first discovered the spontaneity of transferred to the painting, and the Her working day begins in the watercolor painting," she points viewer gets a sense of the tranquil­ morning in her kitchen studio. She out. "He also taught me the impor­ lity and stasis of a moment in time. says of her routine: "Painting is tance of composition in painting." "That's what imagination can do very exciting for me, but it is also a Since that time she has traveled and for the artist," she explains. "It al­ very lonely job. So when my work painted in Europe with 14 other lows him to hold a moment's is finished in the late afternoon, I artists in Rex Brandt's Summer awareness and sensitivity in check often relax by inviting friends and School of Painting and has studied until his emotions can work on neighbors in for a social hour and watercolors in his California School them, can make them into a paint­ sometimes for dinner." of Painting at Corona del Mar. She ing worth the effort." Of course, not all of her work is has also studied watercolors in Ed Several years ago, Mrs. McGee's done in her studio, because she fre­ Whitney's Summer School of Paint­ husband Charlie, who teaches Eng­ quently begins the final paintings ing in Kennebunkport, Maine, and lish at Clemson University, built her from sketches that she has made with Eliot O'Hara at Flat Rock, a studio in a quiet and rather iso- outdoors or while riding in a car North Carolina. 1ate d neighborhood in Clemson, along the countryside with her Although the artist's work runs and supplied her with all the ac­ husband. She also photographs in­ the gamut from realistic to abstract, couterments he felt she needed: teresting subjects and scenery for in most of her paintings one finds easily recognizable objects and moods-stark scarecrows in a South Carolina autumn, windtorn trees struggling to endure in the tropical assault of the elements on a South­ ern coastline, a cotton mill town in snowtime, and nostalgic reflections of the campus and town of Clem­ son. Friends tell her that her ab­ stractions are sometimes haunting, frequently startling. She tells them, "All that must be from the imagi­ nation, and who understands the imagination and its final workings?"

-All photos by Charles Haralson

Left: Olivia McGee once used a studio outside her home but much prefers the convenience of her present kitchen-studio. Right: Although her work ranges from realistic to abstract, in most of her paintings one finds easily recognizable subjects.

May-June 1971 23 ./

Splashy florals against a backdrop of drab plaster and wood in her painting "The Flower Girl," reflect Mrs. McGee's liberal use of contrasting colors.

later use. Interestingly, most of these photographs are in black and white. She will tell you that the time to worry about color doesn't really come until she breaks out the color tubes for the final painting. It is quite obvious from the paintings hanging in her home that not all of her work is serious. She often paints what she calls "deco­ rative" pieces and what others might call "entertainments." In her living room she has one of her re­ cent playful decoratives done in acrylic: It is a painting of a field of white daisies that swoop down into the room, the ones in the fore­ her watercolors is hanging in the Despite these achievements, Mrs. ground larger than daisies will ever Governor's Mansion in Columbia, McGee remains very modest about be. And in the center of the daisies and many banks in the Piedmont her work: "I've seen some of my is a very bright black-eyed Susan. display her paintings. But she is also earlier paintings hanging on walls, Olivia McGee is a member of the recognized outside the South. She and I thought to myself that those Guild of South Carolina Artists and has several paintings in the Chem­ paintings should be relegated to has participated in many exhibits at strand Collection housed in the someone's eternally dark closet!" the Greenville County Museum of Empire State Building in New York Art, at Clemson University, at Fur­ City, and some of her paintings are Charles M. Israel currently is study­ man University and at the Gibbes in private and public collections in ing for his Ph.D. in English at the Art Gallery in Charleston. One of Europe. University of South Carolina.

24 Sand lap per

SPARJANsiJ'RGe ~ GREENVILLE• ROCK HL...IL-L--.-C-HERAW

~ANDERSON Al KEN is a gorgeous ~ place to launch the expedition, because GREENWOOD• CAMDEN• • FLORENCE for years it has been the rest and recrea­ tional stomping ground for some of the "\. COLUMBIA• • MYRTLE.BEACH nation's most famous sports, theatrical and political figures. The city has been ORANGEBURG• SUMTER ./ called the "Sports Center of America" > • and the "Polo Center of the World" for Al KEN GEORGETOWN good reason. Some of the riding set re­ gard Aiken as horsemanship's seventh heaven and the best winter training area CHAR LESTON• in the country. ' 'i The Greater Aiken Chamber of Com­ BEAUFORT merce suggests we devote our hour in their presence to "our old and historic homes and our horse attractions. All of these are located in the same general area and, of course, these are the two things ou can still hear the screams from all our city is noted for." the chamber of commerce folk in the The proposed tour contains 23 points Y16 communities who were asked to of interest and our first stop is Joy give us their recommendations for a one­ Cottage, probably the largest and one of hour tour of their holy grounds. Yet after the oldest homes in Aiken, dating to the what must have been solid soul searching, middle of the last century. Then on to they compiled an itinerary which carries first, knowing you may overstay, so the Pink House, the home of Miss Celes­ us to famous old homes and buildings, maybe we ought to take them in alpha­ tine Eustis, who began the transformation miles of bikini-covered beaches, magnifi­ betical order. A capsule of each town's of Aiken from a health center to a winter cent gardens, several panoramic inland major attractions might go like this: resort in the late 1870s; the Crawford lakes and along enough flower trails to AIKEN: Tourists Love Horses, Too. Garden and its century-old camellia; convince us that we'll never want to see ANDERSON: Electricity Can Be Iselin Estate, enclosed by a serpentine naked concrete again. Beautiful. wall of old Savannah brick; Whitney A trip like this couldn't be done with­ BEAUFORT: Yesterday Is Today. Field-where polo was first played in out a magic carpet to provide instant CAMDEN: Revolutionary War Mem­ Aiken in 1882; and nearby Whitney transit to the 16 stopover points. Oh, ories. Stables, oldest racing stables in America. you're right, of course, all this is let's­ CHARLESTON: Cradle of Carolina. Then we travel to the Aiken Day pretend. But have you ever wondered CHERAW: History and St. David's School, formerly the home of Ambrose what your nearest chamber of commerce Church. Clark, an heir to the Singer sewing ma­ would say if a tourist dropped in and COLUMBIA: The State's Heartbeat. chine fortunes, and the Aiken Training asked, "Hey, Buddy, I've only got an FLORENCE: Planes and Missiles. Track where 350 thoroughbred horses are hour to spend around town. What should GEORGETOWN : Rice Is Remem- trained for racing each winter (and site of I see?" bered. the Aiken Trials in March). Let's Pretend, And that's precisely the rather irra­ GREEN VILLE: Tricentennial Park, the former home of writer Gouveneur tional question we posed for the 16 re­ Plus. Morris; the exquisite little Chapel of spective chambers. They know our quest GREENWOOD: Seed Catalogs Don't Sainte Claire built in 1879; and the Aiken is impossible because each of the 16 Lie. Tennis Club, one of five places in the towns has enough history and lore and MYRTLE BEACH: What Else? United States where medieval court grandeur and recreation to keep any tour­ ORANGEBURG: The Flowers and the tennis is played, should be included in ist busy for days. Still, only one begged Fish. our rounds. off as being too busy to te nder an ROCK HILL: More Flowers than The chamber would also have us know answer-but he did provide color bro­ Rocks. that its town was named for William chures to serve as our guide. Without ex­ SPARTANBURG: Home for a Her­ Aiken Sr., a prosperous cotton merchant, ception, the chambers rubber-stamped oine. and it has been chartered since 1835 the opinion of Alvin W. Parker, manager SUMTER : The Iris and the Clock. when Aiken was a key stop along the line of the Greenwood chamber, who pitied of the Best Friend, the first American the speedy tourist as being sure to miss Okay, then, let's pack a few sand­ railroad to operate a regularly scheduled far more than he saw. wiches and strap on a canteen for en run between Charleston and what is now But to go on with our game. You're route refreshments, and buckle our seat North Augusta. this far along; why not stick around and belts because this magic carpet really see what you would see of South Carolina moves. Better leave the small fry behind if you had 16 fleeting hours? Every on this hop because we'll be making no chamber wants you to come to its town stops at friendly filling stations.

26 Sand lap per ANDERSON, next stop. Drew Page, the chamber's administrative assistant, hoped we'd realize that "we're extremely large for any tourist to cover in one hour," since that agency serves the area of Anderson, Oconee and Pickens counties. Taking Page at his word that a "must" visit is the Keowee-Toxaway Visitors Center, we'll set the carpet down at this big Duke Power Co. hydroelectric and nuclear power electricity generating sta­ tion in adjacent Oconee County. The center is easy enough to find, lo­ cated near Clemson at the intersection of S.C. state highways 130 and 183. We dis­ mount to examine the displays and ex­ hibits which explain the functions of Keowee-Toxaway's nuclear power plant and show how electricity is produced at the dam. Any passengers who would prefer to miss the details, may just take a ...... -- walk about and admire the excellent view of Lake Keowee and the Blue Ridge mountains. The center is open daily from 10 a.m. until 5 p.m. Monday through - Photo courtesy s.c. Parks, Recreation, Tourism Saturday and from 1-5 p.m. on Sunday. Polo Match-Aiken Then Page pushes us back onto the carpet for a whiz trip over to Hartwell reservoir where recreation facilities are plentiful (as are beautiful belles in bath­ ing suits). Lake Hartwell was created by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers at a cost exceeding $100 million, and it has been up to its neck in water since 1962. It is the area's chief liquid asset and it carries out a twin mission. The dam's hydroelectric plant spins out enough power to serve a city of 150,000 and its thousand-mile shoreline encompasses a watery playground for boating, swim­ ming, water skiing and fishing. Although several thousand surrounding acres have been sold for private homes, the govern­ ment retains much of Lake Hartwell's perimeter. The clock won't spare us time for a close inspection of its camping and picnicking facilities and we'll only have a few seconds for a fly-over of three parks on the South Carolina lakefront-Sadler's Creek, River Forks and Andersonville Island. But we do have time to wave at the pretty brunette in the white bathing suit on the power launch down there on the lake. (May we never get too rushed for that!) Western Carolina Sailing Club- Lake Hartwell Anyway, good people, surely you've a far better idea now why Anderson proudly bills itself as "the Electric City."

May-June 1971 27 major war later. Our tour will include Bethesda Presby­ terian Church, designed about 1820 by Robert Mills, the South Carolina architect who designed the Washington Monument. In front, you'll notice the DeKalb Monu­ ment, erected in 1826 to mark the inter­ ment plot of the German-born baron who commanded troop elements in the Battle of Camden, where he was fatally wounded. Then on to the Old Arsenal and Powder Magazine; the first official fair­ grounds in the United States (1774); Central Square where George Washington was welcomed in 1791; the Revolution­ ary War Breastworks used by the British; the old Quaker Cemetery, site of a grave­ yard and meetinghouse in 1759; the old courthouse, built in 1826 (regrettably, time doesn't permit us to examine its unique central heating system); the Brit­ ish Gaol-that's the way they say jail in England-where Andrew Jackson was im­ prisoned as a boy. Shrimpboats- Beaufort Over there at Broad and Walnut streets is the house where Bernard Baruch was BEAUFORT touchdown. fort was established by charter from the born, and upcoming is Monument Square, (Sorry, Honey, but we won't have time Lords Proprietors in 1710 and it is the where heroes are remembered in marble. for you to watch those Marines drilling at second oldest town in the state, Poucher Then begins a quick look at some of Parris Island.) And no time either, folks, reminds us. It could have been the oldest, Camden's famous and memorable old for a dip in the green Atlantic or to visit had bad luck not plagued early settlers. homes. Surely you don't expect us to fly nearby fishing and crabbing industries. The Spanish explored it in 1521, and left, away without at least an aerial peek at Chamber Executive Vice-president and the French Huguenots failed in their the Revolutionary battlegrounds of Hob­ Dean Poucher feels he would be in error settlement attempt in 1562. kirk Hill and Camden-too bad the other if he didn't recommend the Beaufort city The hour's gone and we take our leave side won both times! tour of homes. With an experienced guide as Poucher shouts after us to come back We're having a tough time leaving with in the lead, taking the required time to and "be spoiled for life with a holiday in so much yet to see, but we've got a good­ discuss the tour's 18 major attractions, Beaufort." sized hop ahead of us to .... the trek would easily last two hours, Poucher notes. He shakes his head and wishes we'd take more than an hour. CAMDEN coming up, and The tour covers five miles and includes still another fine place for the history buff the home of Mayor Angus Fordham, built because the Kershaw capital offers us ca. 1813 and used as a headquarters by Colonial Camden, Revolutionary Camden U.S. troops during the Civil War; then the and Camden 1971. Tabby Manse, dating to 1763 and con­ It's the oldest inland town in the state, structed of oyster shells and cement. We with a history trailing back to 17 30 when go on to Secession House, where some of King George II ordered colonization of the first rumblings of withdrawal from the area as an inner-state riverfront town­ the Union were heard in 1851; St. Hel­ ship. A Charlestonian named Joseph Ker­ ena's Episcopal Church, which celebrated shaw gave the county his name after its 250th anniversary in 1962; the Baptist building its first store. Lord Camden Church of Beaufort, built in 1840; the obliged the town with his. Both the Revo­ oldest house in Beaufort, standing since lutionary War and the Civil War made 1717; several magnificent old homes of Camden important to military affairs. It the 1700s and early-1800s period; and the was a key supply point in the 1776-81 American National Cemetery, where fray and a Confederate storehouse a thousands of American servicemen sleep under a blanket of immaculate lawn. Old Courthouse- Camden And we can't leave without visiting the Arsenal, now a museum, where patriot volunteers were organized in 1776. Beau-

28 Sand lap per the first used successfully in battle in world history. Quite a story about that 50-foot model of the Hunley. Built by students at a local technical school, it now rests in the basement of the Citizens and South­ ern bank on Broad Street. In order to slip it into its resting place, workmen had to rip up half a busy street and knock a huge hole in the side of the building. The Exchange Building isn't often open to the public, but looking at it you can understand why it was considered one of the early American architectural wonders when it was completed in 1771. A lot of local people hope it can be re­ stored to its early elegance because they feel visitors ought to be able to tour the site of one of the first Declarations of Independence in America, when South Carolina rebelled against England in 177 4. We can enter the basement of the building, however. Here the British Pro­ vost Dungeon of Revolutionary times has been re-created in all its gloomy horror. Lifelike wax mannequins and eerie light­ ing give you goose bumps, don't they? Yes, sir, we've got to agree with the lady from the chamber. She was bragging that "the Preservation Society has done an excellent job in restoring and main­ taining old Charleston." Indeed they have. We'll have to come back to see -Photo by Russell Maxey more. Dock Street Theatre and St. Philip's Church-Charleston

CHARLESTON, lying below us powder keg of a dividing nation. CHERAW is a town which and looking like a big human thumb As we pace up East Bay Street, the minces no words in talking about itself. pointed toward the Atlantic, is washed on chamber asks us to admire the majestic "The Prettiest Town in Dixie," crows the east and west respectively by the two- and three-story, porticoed 1800- A.C. Hartshorn, the chamber's executive Cooper and Ashley rivers. It is America's vintage homes facing the harbor. Take the secretary, and he feels he doesn't need History City, not just in local slogan but motor traffic off the street and the clock more than a wave of hand to prove it, in hard fact, and it is a place where the would turn back 100 years. The cobble­ too. old and the new have learned to live in stones ahead were ship ballast before they Town Crier Hartshorn also tells us that peace and prosperity. It has been a good became streets. most of the residents own their own marriage: the old has been preserved in The city abounds in famous stately homes and that "there has never been a the midst of a time of industrial expan­ churches, but our battle with time con­ strike in the history of Cheraw." (Glad sion. Charleston's yesterday goes back fin es us pretty much to the Broad there's nobody aboard this flying blanket 300 years as the foundation block on Street-Battery sector and limits this ex­ from Pittsburgh or Detroit-it would only which South Carolina was built. cursion to two: high-steepled St. Philip's sadden them.) The Trident Chamber of Commerce and St. Michael's. And we've still time to Our first visit is to the ancient, white says that if we can stay but 60 minutes, see the early Georgian Dock Street wooden-frame, six-story-tall Saint David's then we're to take a walking tour of the Theatre, the boxlike Exchange Building Church, completed in 1773. Hartshorn is picturesque downtown area, once a capi­ with the Provost Dungeon re-created in absolutely right when he claims it's easy tal of colonial America. Starting point for its basement and the Hunley Museum, to spend 30 profitable minutes just walk­ us is the Battery and White Point named for the Confederate submarine, ing around here. The old building and the Gardens. You'll agree, I'm sure, that this cemetery which surrounds it date to must be the best place in America for a Revolutionary War days and its upkeep romantic stroll after sunset. While you're has become a matter of municipal pride getting a sniff at that salted aroma of the for individuals and service clubs. Notice Atlantic, don't forget to check out Castle the 16-foot white Italian marble monu­ Pinckney sitting on its little island and ment over there. This is the first monu- the very famous old Ft. Sumter, onetime

May-June 1971 29 St. David's Church- Cheraw ment to be erected in memory of the Confederate forces-in 1867, we're told. On to the town hall, fashioned in 1858 and the Civil War came along before car­ and used at various times as a meeting penters and masons had the roof em­ place, a theatre and a ballroom; the placed. The state halted work to fight the Cheraw Museum, a tiny structure which war, but the quarrying of granite blocks dates to 1820; and we've got to look at was ordered continued. the Merchants Bank, one of the South's Gen. William T. Sherman, the Union oldest and the last bank to honor Con­ Army general best remembered and least federate money. beloved in Columbia, used the incom­ On our tour we pass the Hartzell house pleted building for target practice when (17 50); the Edwin Malloy house and his army sat across the Congaree River in garden ( 1825 ); the Lafayette house and 1865. No bad marksmen either, were his gardens, where the French hero admired cannoneers. Notice the stars where their the flowering shrubs in 1825; the Methe­ shells landed. son Memorial Library, built prior to Four years later, the building was 1810; the century-old churches of the readied to house the general assembly, Catholic, Presbyterian and Methodist but there was still much to be done-a faiths; and stop over at Boxwood Hall copper roof still to be placed in 1880 and Gardens, in bloom since the turn of the the lofty dome in 1899. Too, the building century. had been damaged when Sherman's forces -Photo by Sam Hilborn kindled the capital, and these repairs had to be made over the long post-war period. COLUMBIA, where Tom Corinthian style of native granite, it suc­ While we're here, imagine what this place Fitzpatrick Jr., chamber executive vice­ ceeded another state house first occupied would have looked like inside by candle­ president, insists that "if there is any one in 1789, when Columbia became the first light. In 1876, it was, when the gas bill place which visitors should see, it's the city of the state. The cornerstone was set went unpaid as political factions warred. capitol-the building." Then he adds, in 1851 but construction wasn't rushed But that's a story for another time. "and as much of the city as possible." Fitzpatrick and David Bledsoe, man­ City Skyline from Post Office-Columbia ager of the chamber's communications and public information department, urged a two-hour layover and set up both a "must-see" Excursion A-the state capitol complex; and Excursion B-the State House and adjacent areas, to in­ clude Trinity Episcopal Church, the South Caroliniana Library, the University of South Carolina campus and museum, the Columbia Museum of Art and Chil­ dren's Science Museum and the State Archives Building. We'll have to opt for Excursion A and its one-hour schedule. At the State House, we first notice the large park; on this huge lawn are repre­ sentatives of every tree in Sandlapper country, from palmetto to pine. This would be a good shady place to eat those sandwiches, but if we're going to see much of the capitol, we'll have to slip along. What you're seeing here is the heart­ beat of South Carolina: the Supreme Court, the Governor's offices, the Senate Chamber, the Hall of the House of Repre­ sentatives and the State Library. You 'II be aware of the majestic interior, well adorned with the relics and portraits of great South Carolinians of three cen­ turies. Columbia is proud of the capitol, which remarkably resembles the U.S. capitol in Washington. Built in Roman

30 Sand lap per FLORENCE .Lookaboutand see why one of their chamber of commerce pamphlets has boldly inscribed on its cover: "Wonderful! All-America City." The rail expansion in America gave Florence birth as a confluence for three railroads during the 1850s. Since then it's kept right on growing. The city abounds in parks and gardens, as is readily evident to the eye. There's Timrod Park, a play­ ground and recreation center; Lucas Park, where azaleas, camellias and other native plants are a riot of color in springtime, and where roses bloom except in bitter winter; and the Beauty Trail, a 12-mile stretch of Technicolor splendor in early April. The people at the chamber also felt we ought to see some things about Florence we'd find nowhere else, and surely the Florence Air and Missile Museum is one. It's the only one of its kind in the South­ east-a parade field of planes and missiles, covering the history of aerial warfare from World War II to the Vietnam war. And let's stop in for a few minutes or more at the Florence Museum, a store- Francis Marion College-Florence -Photo by Russell Maxey house of art, science and historical treas­ GEORGETOWN, and there's the ures. Atlantic again, just as it was back in 1526 Next is the Henry Timrod Shrine in when the first settlement came to Winyah Timrod Park, the one-room schoolhouse Bay. where Confederate Poet Laureate Henry Mrs. Leila B. Marvin of the chamber Timrod first taught school. And here is marvels at the beauty of the city and its what so many people call "Little Arling­ nearby plantations in the spring when ton," the six-acre national cemetery and flowers lend charm to the community, shrine, and final resting-place for heroes but she says Georgetown is the kind of and heroines of five wars. The clock place we ought to visit no matter what promises we've still got the time to look the time of year. Let's take Georgetown's for the grave of Florena Budwin, a famous "Historic Trail of Old Homes and Yankee heroine who dressed as a man and Buildings" and top it off with a visit to enlisted in the Union Army. She was cap­ the Rice Museum. Better yet, why don't tured and sent to a prison stockade in we reverse the pattern and begin at the Florence and is remembered for later de­ Rice Museum; where else in the world voting her life to nursing. might you find an establishment devoted Last stop is Francis Marion College, to telling the story of the one crop which the newest and one of the finest advanced for decades completely dominated life educational institutions in the state, and a along the Carolina coast? place where a multi-million-dollar con­ And what better place to put the Rice struction program is underway. Museum than in the city's historic market No, ma'am, Florence isn't named for building-which everybody calls the any place in Italy. Remember how the Town Clock, because of that giant of a chamber said it was a railroad town origi­ timepiece up there near the peak of the nally? Well, then, shouldn't it be named building? Inside, let's browse a bit over for the daughter of the president of the the maps, dioramas, pictures, artifacts Wilmington and Manchester Railroad? and other exhibits so artfully designed to Well, it was. Dad was Gen. W.W. Harllee. provide us with a working knowledge of a time when thousands of people depended on the life and death of a feathery stalk. But we must not delay too long or we

May-June 1971 31 ------

Old Slave Market- Georgetown might miss some of the 41 points on the House, one of the city's most venerable GREENVILLE, one of the town tour. You'll never remember them homes (with interesting slant hinges to twin giants of the Piedmont, has an indus­ all, but among the places we're seeing are allow the doors to close themselves); and trial throb you can feel as you set foot on such reminders of yesteryear as the Pyatt­ then another handiwork of Architect the red clay hills. Here the tour has been Doyle House, built of ship ballast stone; Robert Mills-the old courthouse erected well planned by the chamber because, the Prince George Winyah Church of in 1824. again, it's going to be a quick 60 minutes. 1750; the Fraser-Callison House, with Okay, climb aboard, and we're off to The chamber representative briefs us: hand-hewn timbers; the Allston-Read the Appalachian foothills and . . . . "The visitor entering Greenville from any direction will pass many textile plants and other manufacturing facilities. There are 375 manufacturing and distri­ bution points here. Start the hour tour at

32 Sand lap per Bob Jones University Collection of Sacred Art-Greenville the Reedy River Falls where the Citizens and Southern bank is located, site of the first mill and first trading post; turn onto Church Street, pass historic Christ Church (built in 1852) where Benjamin Franklin Perry, a 19th-century governor of South Carolina, is buried. "Then turn onto East North Street and go to DuPont Drive to visit the Greenville County Museum of Art­ located in the old Gassaway Mansion-to view the current exhibit there. But please don't dally more than 15 minutes, this time. Afterward, we'll move along to Bob Jones University to visit the art gallery and museum, where you will find the largest collection of religious art in the world under one roof. Now spin out the S.C. 291 bypass to 1-385 to visit the Pied­ mont Tricentennial Exposition Park, fea­ turing the third century of South Caro­ lina's history." There are some fine shops and stores here and a lot of fine homes and gardens, too, but 60 minutes is only an hour, so we must flutter along. Greenville is another town surely worth returning to, because we've just touched the surface. We must come back to enjoy the spectacular sports action, fabulous scenery, fishing, golf, tennis, music and even high opera. -Photo courtesy Unusual Films, Bob Jones University

GREENWOOD, just a short hop down from Greenville, is an Up­ Country neighbor no one should over­ look, either. Anyway, some of us will remember the George W. Park Seed Co. after we've forgotten a lot of other things we've seen, testifies Alvin Parker of the chamber. As Parker has set it up, we'll see the old and the new: the former is Cokesbury College, a three-story structure dating to 1854, and the new is the seed company's gardens. Cokesbury was the first Masonic Female College and was operated by the Masons until 1876, when it came under Methodist aegis. What you see in this beautiful four-columned, wide-porched brick building is dedication to restora­ tion. It was in sad shape before the South Carolina Methodist Conference, with a platoon of local assistance and coopera­ tion, began extensive and costly restora­ tion. The Methodists operated Cokesbury as a school, as did Greenwood County sub­ sequently, and it is now becoming a tour- George W. Park Seed Co.-Greenwood

May-June 1971 33 ist attraction, with its interior and ex­ terior returned to early beauty. Some his­ torians regard Cokesbury as the educa­ tional and cultural center of the Up Country of the 19th century. Of the seed company's garden, Parker says: '' While this second-largest mail order seed company in the country is a commercial organization, it has some­ thing in its wonderful gardens the tourist can't find anyplace in this part of the country during July and August." Parker urges us to "pity the tourist who has no eye for flowers." As we push into the massive flower­ land, Parker becomes almost lyrical: "Here you can walk through the eight­ acre trial gardens and be awed by the multi-colored splendor of summer flowers." The varieties run into the hun­ dreds and the 15 minutes we've allowed him as pathfinder through the place doesn't do them justice, he moans. Worth particular attention is the permanent floral clock. Grand Strand-Myrtle Beach Parker thinks the gardens have helped the people of Greenwood to become even beautiful hostelries in southern America. ORANGEBURG, next, after a more flower conscious "and for two Although the chamber didn't recom­ long cross-country jump, and Mrs. Betty months of the year, this is the prettiest mend it, we'll also stroll past some of the Huff at the chamber there promises us community in the country." amusement and tourist meccas, places one of the most entertaining hours of the like Pirateland and its "stern wheeler expedition, with an itinerary laid out to cruises" on Buccaneer Bay; the hundreds take us to the Edisto Memorial Gardens of campsites at family campgrounds; the and then to the Orangeburg National Fish MYRTLE BEACH, and in landing Pavilion Amusement Park which still Hatchery. The city has many beautiful here we're touching down on one of the claims to be playing "Old Time Sweet homes and historic points of interest, but finest strands in the world, not even Music" after 60 years; and, of course, a outshone by Hawaii. Perhaps it's no thrill ride on the largest roller coaster in wonder that the chamber of commerce at South Carolina. Let's take a few minutes, Myrtle Beach, when asked how we should too, to drop into the convention center, expend an hour in its midst, answered 20,000 square feet and space for 2,200 with the briefest directive from any of seats and 120 exhibit booths. the 16 communities. It simply pointed to No question about it. There's a lot "The Beach," full evidence that the more here than simply a strip of sand. chamber considers its beach without rival Sorry we can't stick around till nightfall and requiring no detailed explanation. and watch from the air as the main artery Winter, summer, spring or fall, Myrtle turns magically into a rope of neon. And Beach is a good place to visit, although let's make a special note to come back the bikinis do go into hibernation at the soon for glimpses at near neighbors­ first drop of a leaf. But whatever the other beautiful beaches like Cherry season, even when its tens of thousands Grove, Crescent, Ocean Drive, Surfside of temporary residents are gone in winter, and Windy Hill. Myrtle Beach is interesting. And, of Quite a town, Myrtle. Even more than course, nobody can roll up a beach and the chamber of commerce boasts of. tuck it into storage. Myrtle Beach is fashioned for pedes­ trians. The town is described by a local resident as "a few minutes wide and so long it stretches from Myrtle Beach Air Force Base to Wilmington." The nerve center covers some 40 blocks, busy in summer with traffic, bikinis, fine restau­ rants, adult playgrounds and holiday gaeity created by an array of the most

34 Glencairn Gardens-Rock Hill

Mrs. Huff doesn't want us pushed for time in enjoying the gardens and the fish. Just looking around you wouldn't be­ lieve that 40 years ago the site of the lovely 85-acre gardens was a marshy river swamp. Then the city council began turn­ ing an eyesore into an attraction. Conven­ ient, too-inside the city limits, just off U.S. 301. Let's follow one of the beauty trails over to the north end, where a pa­ vilion serves as municipal auditorium. And over there are two tennis courts and facilities for midget baseball. At the hatchery, the fishermen with us will happily note that there is year-round production of largemouth bass, bluegill, redear sunfish and channel catfish. These are later used to restock the waters of 25 counties. Operated by the Bureau of Sport Fish­ eries and Wildlife, the national hatchery dates to 1912 when 20 acres of water were set aside to spawn and enlarge South ROCKHILL Io ves every view scenic Lake Wylie and its consid­ Carolina's finny population. Ten more month on the calendar but it loves April erable collection of recreation facilities. acres were subsequently added and 22 best, when the entire community glows And now a really fast trip back to town more are in the near offing. There's a like a floral paradise. It's a city one via Cherry Road and a too-quick glimpse 10-tank aquarium for sightseers who want Yankee remarked that he wished he of the Rock Hill mall. a closer look at fresh water denizens. For "could swap for Brooklyn, the bridge and Golly, this town is really growing, isn't the hungry, an immaculate picnic ground the Bronx." it? As one local resident told us before we is at hand, right over there. First stop: city-owned Glencairn arrived, "if you haven't seen it since last Thanks, Mrs. Huff, and yes, we'll tell Gardens, winner of the National Plant month, you wouldn't know the place." everybody your town isn't named for a America Award annually presented by fruit from Florida. We'll remember: it's the American Association of Nurserymen Prince William of Orange, son-in-Jaw of an for an outstanding job of landscaping and English king. beautification. Bryan Mccanless, assistant SPARTANBURG, the second of manager of the Rock Hill chamber, the twin Piedmont giants, is the unofficial compares entry into the Glencairn but widely proclaimed "peach capital of Gardens fairyland of flowers to the feel­ the world," and this is probably the only ing an individual gets in walking into a city in the universe which has saluted the grand and impressive cathedral. Glancing peach with a marble monument. You'll about to the four corners of the compass, recall the famous old Hub City found its can't you see why lovers of every age en­ way into other prominence just recently joy promenading along its shaded walks, when its pretty Claudia Turner became hemmed with beautiful lawns, gardens, a runner-up in the Miss America beauty water fountain and a mirrored pool? pageant. Now, let's take a quick passing-by look Robert T. Crawford Jr., assistant at Winthrop College, one of the state's chamber manager, tells us we haven't most beautiful, tree-studded campuses, en time to discuss the enormous industrial route to the Nature Museum, open all and commercial growth of Spartanburg if year. In addition to the expected speci­ we want to do proper justice to our hour mens and artifacts, the museum is justi­ at Walnut Grove Plantation, 10 miles fiably proud of its displays of mounted south of town on U.S. 221. Standing there trophies in natural habitat. They were in splendor, restored at a cost of collected by U.S. Secretary of Commerce $100,000, is the home of Kate Barry, Maurice Stans in Africa, and an entire hall Revolutionary War heroine. Walnut Grove has been set aside in his honor to house has twice won a Governor's Travel Award 70 of "his" animals. Agreed, they are in the past three years. realistic-the cyclorama style of presen­ tation takes you in imagination to the broad plains and rivers of the Dark Conti­ nent. On our way back to the carpet we'll stop over at the Duke Power Co. landing to

35 Walnut Grove Plantation- Spartanburg

hibitions of local and national art are worth far more careful study than we have time to give them right now. We also must visit the Sumter County Historical Museum (open only on Wednesdays), and farther along we come to Memorial Park, five gorgeous azalea-studded acres founded in memory of World War I cas­ ualties. Swan Lake Iris Gardens on West Liberty Street offer a breathtaking pano­ rama of 168 acres of landscaped gardens and lakes with nature trails and a some­ what considerable population of black and white swans. Golly, that exhausts the hour and we haven't even seen Dunnell Garden, Poin­ sett State Park, Fork Lake or the Salem -Photo by Sam Hilborn- · ~- Black River church, one of the state's old­ Like stepping into yesterday, isn't it? SUMTER, named for est. Maybe we ought to come back the Regard the effort made toward authen­ Revolutionary War hero Gen. Thomas last week in May, when Sumter annually ticity by the Spartanburg County Histor­ Sumter, is a good place to close our trek bedecks itself in glory for its regionally ical Association, aided and abetted by the because it sits in the geographical heart of famous Iris Festival. Junior League and the Spartanburg the state, laced by ribbons of active high­ County Foundation. The house dates to ways. Well, folks, that wraps it up: 16 com­ 1765 and its most famous tenant, Kate Since we won't have time to visit the munities and their star attractions in 16 Barry, served as a scout in Revolutionary many outlying historical points of in­ hours, a trip you could make in that time times for Gen. Daniel Morgan, riding terest, let's begin our tour in the heart of if you just had a magic carpet. Too bad alone by night through enemy country to town at the interesting Confederate mon­ we didn't have time to see more. Regret­ alert patriots to British troop movements. ument. (Have you ever wondered how tably, we've only skimmed the surface. These eight acres spread around like a many Confederate monuments we'd have As a parting shot, please be advised giant rug are a view for a king. And the if we had won that war?) there isn't a chamber of commerce in the dwelling itself is of impressive-but-simple, Everywhere, you'll observe, is obvious state which feels you can do its town Georgian-type architecture. Parlor, bed­ proof that there are 10 dedicated garden justice in an hour. We've touched only rooms and other areas of habitation seem clubs in the Sumter area. No one here is the high spots during what we regard as a to turn back time. Make a note of this: ever too busy to plant, cultivate and en­ unique adventure, never to be repeated. Walnut Grove is closed December, Jan­ joy the annual harvest of flora. But let's Return visits should be at your leisure. uary and February, except by appoint­ go along to see the Sumter Opera House Happy touring! ment . .. and, please, sir, douse the ciga­ clock tower, a landmark since 1872. I rette. Surely you wouldn't want to turn wish we had more time to dally in the Lt. Col. USA (Ret.) Tom Hamrick this treasure into a pile of ashes. Sumter Art Gallery because those ex- is from Mount Pleasant. Swan Lake Iris Gardens- Sumter • .. .. '\a n ...... \.,. • J

,/

Folly Beach Photo courtesy-·-.-: Howard­ R. Jacobs we were there I ... and we're still here with "The Sou-nd Approach to Radio"

Charleston, S.C.

Represented Nationally by McGavren-Guild-PGW Radio, Inc. • A young teen-ager on a bicycle lina," a hotel manager in the Low Courtesy to Tourists is Spartanburg's best ambassador, at Country points out. "From the least as far as a New York City comments I hear from tourists, it is Can Spell the Difference touring couple is concerned. "Not more important to us than all the Between Lingering only did he insist on pedaling ahead farts, parks and monuments we to lead us to the restaurant we were have." and Leaving seeking, but he wouldn't take a By the same token, a chamber of penny from us in tips," the hus­ commerce official notes, "just one band pointed out in amazement. single act of discourtesy stands a • A German couple touring good chance of annoying a stranger through middle and upper South in our midst and sending him on his Carolina "found courtesy and hos­ way-with his money-somewhere pitality there just as we had imag­ else." ined it from the movies. So much A real estate agent remembers a of the United States is terribly tourist, near retirement, who spent frigid to strangers," the husband his vacation looking for a homesite and wife from Stuttgart said un­ in Georgia, South Carolina or North happily. Carolina. "Unfortunately, he de­ • Four Connecticut Yankees cided to settle in North Carolina, sight-seeing in Charleston praised near Wilmington. He wrote me that the city police "because they he found people there really actually seemed happy to help us friendly. I cannot but wonder if he find our way around. We stayed didn't make up his mind from the two days longer than we expected people he met while touring the because we felt at home almost three states. I guess our best ambas­ immediately. In this busy world, it sadors just weren't out while he was is so pleasant to find people who with us." still have the time to be courteous The police chief of a South Caro­ and charming to someone who lina community heavily frequented means absolutely nothing to by tourists read with displeasure them .... " the following in a letter from a New • Tire trouble just as they were Jersey woman: "When I stopped passing through Marion brought im­ one of your policemen to ask mediate and personal assistance to a where _ monument was, he said Canadian family. Chief of Police he didn't know and kept on walk­ Charles Skipper said they were so ing." Not only was a letter of By Tom Hamrick impressed with the help they re­ apology immediately in the mails ceived from a city patrolman in ( too late to cause a cash register to changing the tire, that they wrote sing), but the chief insisted that him and identified it as the high from then on his patrolmen would permit them to lag a day or two spot in their trip. be walking tourist bureaus, not along the way. Whether they stay The four tourists in Charleston only familiar with directions but with us as guests, or breeze through likely represented close to $300 in with details as well. stopping only for gas, can spell a revenue to the state's coffers solely A chamber official in the lower difference amounting to hundreds because they were surprised and state area says, "it is important to of thousands of dollars in a few pleased and comfortable in the at­ our economy that we recognize months. For that reason, every mosphere about them. that to many visitors South Caro­ South Carolinian a stranger meets is Chamber of commerce estimates, lina represents a piece of geography a very important person to our varying by community across the they must cross to get where economy . Most people respond •. state, place the value of the indi­ they 're going. Therefore, every favorably to acts of courtesy and vidual tourist staying for a day and man, woman and child among us kindness," he continues, "and let's a night at "found money" ranging must do all possible to cause them not forget that when they return from $25 to $50. Some will spend to tarry with us rather than just zip home, they spread the word about more, some less, depending on what through on our highways, as they us among their friends." they see and what they buy. originally planned. A small town near Myrtle Beach, ''We cannot overestimate the "A great many tourists, bound trafficked by a flood of Canadian value of courtesy and hospitality as north or south, have enough flexi­ tourists each summer, has found a tourist attraction in South Caro- bility built into their timetables to that courtesy has spurred its busi- I 38 Sandlapper :• I ness considerably. "We let them and let us service their automo­ As a tourism expert with the know that when they're here, about biles." cham her noted, "these are the the only way they're going to get The German couple from Stutt­ people who often make the initial into trouble is to shoot the mayor," gart, who traveled in all four contact with strangers among us a chief of police who preferred corners of the nation during their and consequently they are in an anonymity said with a smile. "They six weeks' stay in America, con­ excellent position to encourage know there is no such thing for sidered the South to be a par­ longer stays by pointing out the them as a parking ticket. The end ticularly wonderful locale. "Your areas of interest available here. The result has been that they are 8outhland is an oasis of charm in a waitress they meet at lunch, or the patronizing our eating places and desert of disinterest," they report motel clerk they see at nightfall, our stores in growing numbers .... in impeccable English. "In New can spell the difference between It's surprising how many last­ York City and in Chicago, when we lingering and leaving." :.--- minute items a family needs-from asked questions of strangers, they Mountains of compliments cata­ a loaf of bread to a bathing suit to a often ignored us. We soon found logued by chambers across South pair of shoes." ourselves reluctant to stop anyone Carolina indicate that it is an un­ The proprietor of a restaurant on on the street to get our questions usual tourist, new to the state, who busy U.S. 17 near the Georgia answered and consequently we isn't impressed that old-fashioned border encourages his waitresses failed to see many of the grand Southern hospitality is still a living "to give Northern travelers the milk things we had hoped to visit. We thing in the Palmetto community. and honey act. Make 'em think also spent considerably less time in A young lady from Norway calls South Carolina is loaded with Sear­ New York and Chicago than we it "an asset and a compliment to let t O 'Baras." The payoff is a planned. The people of those cities your people." happier tourist-one who tips a were just too busy with them­ A resident of New York City is a ~ little better than he intended. "But selves." bit more outspoken: "I hate to say ~ there's another bonus, too. It gives The people in the Rockies and it about my own town, but it cer­ us in South Carolina the kind of along the West coast "were nice tainly is a pleasure to get away image a Yankee expects of us. enough, but even so their responses from so many people who act as if Really makes 'em glow." often showed degrees of disinterest. they just don't give a damn about A New Jersey tourist, discussing But in your South, in your Georgia another soul on earth." his trek into South Carolina, says, and South Carolina, the people are A lady from the Old Dominion "what surprises me most here is wonderful beyond belief," he says, state, who regrets that "courtesy _,L- that people smile and say 'thank pressing two fingers to his lips and and hospitality are unfortunately you,' even when you just drop into blowing a complimentary kiss. dying out in Virginia," is pleased to a filling station to ask directions. In "When we stopped for one of your see kindness and charm still on the the North you don't even get delightful ice cream cones in a little scene in South Carolina. "We've thanked many times when you fill town near Columbia, the proprietor even gotten away from hearing 'yes, up your tank. And you're damned said ice cream was just the thing for ma'am' and 'no, sir' as much as we lucky if your windshield is even a hot day like that and gave us an did in the past," she says sadly. washed while the pump is churn­ extra helping without charge. And "But I notice they are still a part of ing." just before we got to Augusta, the the accepted language in South In Mount Pleasant, a service manager of a service station asked Carolina." station manager on a tourist-laden us if we liked peaches and when we A Northerner notes that "we north-south artery insists that his said we did, he gave us a small crate heard so many 'sirs' and 'ma'ams' in attendants regard themselves as full of them." Another smile. "He the South I finally caught my own good will ambassadors. said I should keep it in mind in case 13-year-old son using the terms­ "Chances are these tourists are we had another war and not to until we got home again." just passing through, but whenever bomb his gas pumps." When they The service station manager in you get an opportunity, ask them if returned to Stuttgart, they sent Mount Pleasant sums up the situa­ they're planning on visiting here "that wonderful man" a picture tion pretty well: "Confederate and seeing some of the attractions post card of their city and re­ money might not be worth its South Carolina has to offer,'' he minded him that "we will keep our weight anymore, but if we can just encourages his assistants. "We just promise, if there is a World War retain our famous old Southern might get them to stay overnight in III." hospitality, we've got the best tour­ the area." In Charleston, the Trident ist asset anyone can find any­ The gesture pays another divi­ Chamber of Commerce is activating where." dend, too, the manager finds. interest among innkeepers to have "Many of them drive a few extra their personnel schooled in the his­ Lt. Col. USA (Ret.) Tom Hamrick miles, in returning home, to stop in toric lore and locations of the area. is from Mount Pleasant.

May-June 1971 39 SWAN LAKE IRIS GARDENS An Annual Festival Held During the Peak Beauty of the Gardens Pays Homage to the Iris

By Patrick J. Williams

Dozens of both white and black swans enhance the dark waters of Swan Lake and constitute a year-round attraction for the thousands of visitors to the Sumter beauty spot.

40 Sand lap per -Photo by Richard Taylor

May-June 1971 41 Left: A few of the 350-plus paintings exhibited at the festival's three-day sidewalk art show. Below: Beauty queens, including Brantlee Price, Miss South Carolina of 1970 (foreground, left). pause for a lunch break. Right: Contestants in last year's _. I archery tournament take aim.

ne of South Carolina's oldest and most colorful festivals is OSumter's Iris Festival. Each year since its inception in 1940 the event has taken place during the last week· in May, to coincide with the peak of beauty of the nation­ ally famous Swan Lake Iris Gar­ dens. The history of the gardens dates back to 1927 when a prominent Sumter citizen, H.C. Bland, began the development of what was then known as the Old Green Swamp area. Irises and various Japanese flowers became the featured flora quite by accident. As the story goes, Bland dug up numerous iris rhizomes from a location where they were not doing well and dumped them into the edge of what was then a swampy area. Almost overnight the discarded irises began to flourish. Upon seeing this mirac­ ulous transformation, Bland con­ ceived the idea of developing an iris garden. Not long after the project was underway, A.T. Heath, another distinguished Sumter citizen, bought adjoining land for addition­ al garden development. Then, in 1956, the Swan Lake Iris Gardens were officially dedicated and turned over to the city of Sumter. If a single slogan had to be used to describe the annual week-long

42 Sand lap per event, and even more entries are ex­ pected this time. For those inter­ ested in additional competition, there will be archery and tennis tournaments. For the spectator, there will be karate demonstrations and a sky-diving show, the latter followed by an air show. For those who prefer a more leisurely form of entertainment, there will be a three-day sidewalk art show. The paintings, many of which have been executed by local artists, will be displayed along Main Street. Last year over 350 paintings were exhibited. On one or two evenings, the Ninth Air Force Band will present a "Concert Under the Stars" at the gardens. The band, well known for its talent, will offer a wide selection and variety of music, representing excellent family entertainment. As the week progresses the Above: Louise Tyler of Allendale receives the crown of Queen Iris from tempo of the festival accelerates. reigning queen Elaine Quick during last year's pageant. Left: A row of tents serves as a temporary hangar for model airplanes prior to the One of the state's largest annual festival's fly-in. Below: The float of Queen Iris and Neptune's Daughter parades will take place on Thurs­ in last year's festival parade, witnessed by over 100,000 persons. day. Over 150 floats will represent organizations and businesses from Iris Festival, it would have to be several states. Last year, a crowd "something fun for everyone." To estimated as large as 100,000 was get the activities started this year, on hand to witness the spectacle. there will be a bicycle rodeo for the Such notable citizens as Sen. and children and younger teen-agers. Mrs. Strom Thurmond; former Gov. Along the same lines, but for those and Mrs. Robert E. McNair; Con­ of a few more years, there will be gressman Thomas Gettys; Miss this year, for the first time, a cross­ America of 1966, Debbie Bryant; country motorcycle race at Man­ Commander of the USS Sumter, chester State Forest. This contest, James Hayes; and many others took demanding a combination of en­ part-all to the pleasure of the durance and skill, is expected to crowd. attract competitors from through­ Among the most colorful events out South Carolina and several of the week, and to many the high­ neighboring states. light of the entire festival, are the Another activity in which young­ beauty pageants. Unlike typical sters and adults alike take great beauty contests, during the Iris Fes­ interest is the model airplane fly-in. tival not one but two young ladies Over 100 contestants from all parts return home as winners of major of the state, North Carolina, crowns-one as King Neptune's Florida, Georgia and most other Daughter and the other as Queen Southeastern states entered their Iris. The contestants, each of whom home-built aircraft in last year's must be a preliminary winner in a

May-June 1971 43 local Miss South Carolina contest, arrive throughout the day on Thursday. For starry-eyed beauty queens who are aspiring for the

Miss South Carolina title, the Iris -Photo by Richard Taylor Festival pageants are a "must." Many winners of the other major then five. At long last the bubble of delight of tourists. The gardens are South Carolina pageants attend the anxiety breaks and the young lady open year-round and there is no ad­ festivities to see who the lucky girl considered most outstanding in mission fee. will be. Last year's guest queens in­ talent, beauty, poise and personal­ The Iris Festival of today is cluded Miss South Carolina, the ity is crowned. Last year it was Miss hardly recognizable as the event state's Apple Queen, Watermelon Louise Tyler of Allendale. This year which the Sumter Kiwanis Club Queen, Grape Queen, and Horse the 30 contestants will likely be began in 1940. Since that time, and Buggy Queen, as well as Miss just as charming, making it a very thanks to many private citizens, Sea Island and Miss Southern 500. enjoyable and exciting occasion for municipal and civic organizations, The King Neptune's Daughter the spectators, though a difficult and the local chamber of com­ contest is held on Friday afternoon task for the judges who must make merce-and spearheaded in recent at Swan Lake Iris Gardens. This the final decision. years by the Sumter Jaycees­ competition is a contest in its own Then, after the excitement of the Sumter's Iris Festival is more than right, but at the same time serves as coronations, comes the weekend an event; it is an experience for all the swim suit competition for the when one can unwind and enjoy ages to enjoy. It is attended by a Queen Iris pageant that evening, the the Swan Lake Iris Gardens, which national audience and the crowds more prestigious of the two events. are internationally known and continue to spiral each year. Miss Kiki Kirkland of Newberry is among the prettiest of their kind in For their efforts, the citizens of the reigning Neptune's Daughter. the nation. The widest selection of Sumter can proudly boast that the Suspense for spectators and con­ Japanese bulbs, shrubs and trees in Iris Festival has been included sev­ testants alike mounts greatly for the United States can be seen here, eral times in recent years in the the evening Queen Iris contest. supported by thousands of tulips, nation's top 10 tourist attractions Having outgrown several facilities, azaleas, magnolias and camellias. for the month of May. Anyone at­ the pageant is currently held in the All are nestled on a scenic 168 acres tending the festival just once will Sumter Shrine Club before a tra­ surrounding a picturesque cypress­ see that it is an honor well de­ dition al standing-room-only au­ filled, black-water lake located near served. dience. The beauties make their ap­ the Sumter city limits. To enhance pearance in evening gowns for this this setting, dozens of ducks and Patrick J. Williams is a free-lance event. Ten finalists are selected, swans grace the lakes, much to the writer from Springfield.

44 Sand lap per SANDLAPPER FORUM IS SOUTH CAROLINA TO BECOME A DUMPING GROUND FOR THE ENTIRE NATION'S RADIOACTIVE WASTES?

SUMMARY OF THE RISKS fueled. Also, because of their highly tation accident could release those INVOLVED IN RADIOACTIVE radioactive nature, spent fuel as­ deadly materials to the environ­ WASTE SEPARATION semblies generate large quantities of ment. AND ACCUMULATION heat which result from the radia­ • The spent fuel assembly, and tion emitted by the fission prod­ later the high level radioactive ucts. Thus, in handling spent nu­ waste, must be constantly cooled as Allied-Gulf Nuclear Services has clear fuel, provision must be made any interruption in cooling could applied to the U.S. Atomic Energy for constant shielding and heat re­ result in a release of dangerous Commission (AEC) for a license to moval. The radioactive contamina­ levels of radioactivity. construct a nuclear fuel reprocess­ tion of the spent fuel requires ap­ • During any handling or re· ing facility near Barnwell, South proximately 800 years for the processing steps, an accidental array Carolina. Generally stated, the radioactivity to decay to reasonably or unplanned geometry of nuclear function of the proposed plant is to safe levels. By reason of the diffi­ fuel may attain nuclear criticality reprocess highly radioactive spent culties in handling spent nuclear resulting in a relatively unknown nu clear fuel to recover reusable fuel and in separating the desirable quantity of explosive force. The uranium and plutonium of great from the undesirable constituents, force of such an explosion could re­ value. The -reprocessing of spent the following objections are in- lease dangerous levels of radioactiv­ fuels involves separating the re­ herent in the operation: · ity into the environment. usable fuel from the highly radio­ • An average of two to three trips • Highly flammable organic sol­ active fission products produced a day must be made to deliver the vents are used in the separation while the fuel was in a nuclear spent fuel assemblies to the re­ process (solvent extraction). Chem­ reactor facility. A detailed explana­ processing facility. Because of the ical explosions and fires are possible tion of the purpose and nature of heavy shielding required, only three which could again release dangerous such facilities and of the dangers fuel assemblies ·can be moved at a levels of radioactivity to the envir­ inherent in their operation within time on a truck carrying the maxi­ onment. the environs of South Carolina is mum load permitted on a highway • After separating the highly provided in the second part of this and traveling at speeds of from 15 radioactive fission products from report. This introduction will to 20 miles per hour. A transpor- the nuclear fuels, it is proposed to briefly summarize certain of the bury the major portion of such major hazards, disadvantages and wastes as an acidic, highly viscous objections inherent in the place­ liquid in underground storage tanks ment of such a facility in Barnwell Never before has Sandlapper de­ having a capacity of approximately County. voted editorial space to a contro­ 135,000 gallons. Approximately 45 Spent fuel assemblies are in­ versial ,public issue. However, we tons of fission products will be de­ tensely radioactive due to the pres­ believe this is of concern to all livered to such tanks in one year ence of fission products which give South Carolinians and expect from alone, which is more than 10 times off highly penetrating radiation in time to time to present other such the quantity of fission products the form of gamma rays and nu­ issues. We invite readers' comments, produced by all nuclear bomb tests merous high-energy nuclear par­ pro and con. Ed. in the United States up to 1958 ticles. Such assemblies must there­ ( the year atmospheric testing fore be indirectly handled by re­ ended). A loss of cooling water, Reprints of this article (prices postpaid to one mote techniques behind massive address): 10-$1., 50-$4., 100-$6., 500-$25., corrosion, earthquake, hurricane, shielding from the moment they are 1,000-$40. Prices on request for larger quan· tities. Address: Reprint, Sandlapper Press, Inc., tornado or other disaster could re­ lifted from the reactor being re- P.O. Box 1668, Columbia, S.C. 29202. lease .that large inventory of radio-

May-June 1971 45 activity to the environment. Al­ Corp. Although other states have bear, such ,a. risk for aln).Rst 1,000 though the facility has been de­ flatly rejected any such facilities, years is inc.omprehensible t,o me.' . signed for a certain level earthqt1.ake apparently South Carolina is willing In view . of .. the foregoh;ig con­ or tornado, the assumed magnitude to accept the two largest plants ever siderations, . which are documented of those events could be exceeded. conceived. If both facilities are-c~m­ in more detail in the following • The proposed facility would structed, South Carolina will have material, I respectfully request that also produce solid wastes in the sufficient capacity to treat three these matters be presented to the form of radioactive fuel cladding fourths of all spent fuel ,in the en­ citizens of the state of South Caro­ and other hardware, and air filters tire United States for the next 20 lina, and that an immediate effort containing particulate radionu­ years. This will clearly make South be made by everyone concerned to clides. Those items would be buried Carolina the radioactive waste have their elected officials halt the in relatively small containers near dumping ground for the entire placement of such a facility in this the facility. Underground water nation. state. In the event that the contem­ may leach radioactivity from such • There is presently no accept­ plated facilities are actually neces­ waste containers, from the afore­ able means for ultimately disposing sary, it is sincerely hoped that they said high level storage tanks, and of the high level-radioactive wastes will be located in arid and isolated even from the assembly-receiving accumulated at such facilities. Ac­ environments, and not in one of the po o 1s and concrete reprocessing cording to" an article which ap­ greatest watersheds and wildlife cells. peared in The Wall Street Journal areas of the United States. • Significant quantities of radio­ on Jan. 25, 1971, the AEC hopes to active isotopes will be released to 'dispose of such wastes by pumping A STUDY OF THE the atmosphere. It is estimated that them into a man-made cavern be­ NATURE AND DANGERS OF in a single year, 15 million curies (a low its Savannah River Plant reser­ NUCLEAR FUEL REPROCESSING measure of radioactivity, one curie vation which is immediately ad­ equaling 37 billion atomic disinte­ jacent to the site for the proposed The following announcement ap­ grations per second) of krypton-85, Barnwell reprocessing facility. In a peared in a government publication 600,000 curies of tritium ( a radio­ 1966 report that was suppressed published by the U.S. Atomic En­ active isotope of hyd.rogen), 21 untiL1970, the majority of an AEC ergy Commission entitled "Major curies of iodine-131, 10 curies of advisory committee recommended Activities in the Atomic Energy strontium-90, 10 curies of cesium- that the AEC abandon study of the Programs, January-December, 137, and .1 curie _of plutonium will plan ( called Project Bedrock) as 1968," on page 118: be released to the environment being "in its essence dangerous." In November, Allied Chemical during normal plant operations. j Because of the long-lived nature Corp. filed an application with the Uniquely, no liquid wastes will be of the radioactivity, a release of AEC for a permit to build an ir­ discharged to rivers and streams that material is irreversible and radiated nuclear fuel reprocessing during normal plant operations, but might well make hundreds of plant with a capacity of five metric instead such wastes will be evapo­ square miles of our state and neigh­ tons of uranium a day. The pro­ posed facility, to be known as the rated and discharged to the atmos­ boring states uninhabitable for gen­ Barnwell Nuclear Fuel Plant, would phere as radioactive vapor. How­ erations to come. Depending on be located on a 1,730-acre site ever, a number of abnormal plant wind velocity and direction, air­ which is now a part of the AEC's operations ( other than accidents) borne contamination could travel Savannah River Plant reservation hundreds of miles and reach some about 7 miles from Barnwell, S.C. are anticipated which will result in Plans call for transfer of the prop­ the release of further quantities of of the larger centers of population. erty to the County of Barnwell radioactivity to the environment as The proposed facilities involve an which, in turn, would sell or lease it liquid effluents. entirely new industry handling the to Allied Chemical. [Author's em­ • There has been little commer­ most radioactive and chemically phasis] cial experience to date in operating active substances known to man, The Company has scheduled the plant for commercial operation in such a facility. The only facility necessitating remote and complex 1973. The application was under presently in operation has operated equipment and highly involved and AEC's staff review at year's end. for approximately four years at a complex safety and operating pro­ capacity of approximately one fif­ cedures. The maintenance of any The application for a construc­ teenth of that of the proposed facil­ facility for a period of 800 years is tion license has now been approved ity. a monumental task far beyond the and the license 'was recently issued. • Not only one, but two such experience of mankind. The com­ Some explanation of the purpose facilities are planned for South bination of all of the foregoing con­ and nature of a nuclear fuel re­ Carolina, the second scheduled for tingencies in one facility may well processing plant may be necessary construction at Leeds, South Caro­ result in catastrophic consequences. for those who have heard little or lin a, by the Atlantic-Richfield For the state of South Carolina to nothing of such installations. When

46 Sandlapper nuclear · fuel is first placed in a months to permit the radioactivity 2. Highly radioactive liquid reactor, it contains approximately associated with certain relatively wastes which are concentrated by three per cent uranitim-235 (the short-lived fission products to sub­ evaporation, reduced in acidity, and fissionable isotope) and 97 per cent side. At the end of the initial cool­ buried in highly shielded, remotely uranium-238. Due to power-limit­ ing-off period, the fuel assembly is cooled stainless-steel tanks having a ing effects, used or "spent" fuel loaded under water into a heavily capacity of approximately 135,000 must be removed from the reactor shielded and ruggedly built casket. gallons. In a single year, operation when it still contains approximately The casket is then shipped by truck of the plant would produce approx­ 1 per cent uranium-235, 95 per or rail to the reprocessing facility. imately 45 tons of highly radio­ cent uranium-238, and 1 per cent Because significant heat is still gen­ active fission product waste ( ap­ plutonium (which has been created erated by the long-lived fission proximately three per cent of the from some of the uranium-238 and products, the casket must be conti­ plant capacity of 1,500 metric tons i_s also a fissionable material). Three nuously cooled during shipment. of uranium per year). Two con­ per cent of the spent fuel consists Also because they are still highly stitutents of the fission product of highly radioactive fission pro­ radioactive, only three assemblies waste are of particular interest be­ duct waste. As 97 per cent of the can be transported at a time by cause they are present in significant valuable fuel material still remains, truck since the shielding required amounts, are long-lived emitters of recovery of that material would be represents the maximum load per­ radiation, and concentrate in the very desirable. In order to recover mitted on a highway under state human body. Those substances are the usable nuclear fuel it must be law. Even a rail car casket is capable strontium-90 which has a half-life "reprocessed" to separate it from of shipping a maximum of only 10 of 28 years and cesium-137 which the radioactive fission products. fuel assemblies at a time. has a half-life of 30 years (meaning Due to the rate of fuel bum-up ap­ At the reprocessing plant the as­ that it takes that length of time for proximately one third of the · fuel semblies are unloaded into an the substance to lose one half of its assemblies in the reactor core must underwater receiving and storage radioactivity). The radioactive be replaced each year. pool. Each assembly is then trans­ waste concentrate could contain Spent fuel assemblies differ ferred to a process cell and fed into more than 100 curies per gallon of notably from fresh fuel assemblies a shear mechanism which mechan­ strontium-90 alone (as a measure of in two very important respects. ically chops the fuel assembly into radioactivity, one curie represents Spent fuel assemblies are intensely small segments, exposing the nu­ 3 7 billion atomic disintegrations radioactive due to the presence of clear fuel and fission products in­ per second). the fission products, many of which side. After being chopped, each 3. Overhead vapor effluent dis­ give off a highly penetrating form small segment falls down a chute charged from the high radioactive of radiation known as gamma rays into a basket suspended in an ap­ waste evaporator which is con­ and numerous high energy nuclear paratus known as a dissolver which densed and again concentrated into particles. Therefore, from the mo­ contains concentrated nitric acid. a relatively lower level radioactive ment a spent fuel assembly is lifted The nitric acid dissolves both the waste liquid and similarly buried in from the reactor until the time fuel and the fission products by another stainless-steel 135,000- when the fission products are re­ converting them to soluble nitrate gallon tank. moved, massive shielding and in­ salts. The cladding or hulls of the 4. Gaseous fission products from direct (remote) handling techniques fuel assembly segments are not dis­ the process vessels and overhead are required. The second important solved but remain in the dissolver vapor from the lower activity waste difference is that spent fuel assem­ basket. The resulting acid solution evaporator, both of which are blies generate large quantities of is then treated by a series of solvent washed and cleaned as far as prac­ heat caused by the residual radia­ extraction processes which separate ticable and discharged to the atmo­ tion emitted from the fission pro­ the uranium and plutonium fuels sphere. Present technology does not ducts. Thus, in handling spent fuel, from each other and from the permit removal of practically any provision must be made for ade­ highly radioactive fission product of two of the radioactive constit­ quate heat removal. Unless other­ waste. In addition to the two de­ uents in the overhead streams, wise noted, the operations de­ sirable end-product streams which namely krypton-85 with a half-life scribed below take place either be­ contain uranium and plutonium of 91h years and tritium ( a radio­ neath a water shield in excess of 10 nitrate solutions, respectively, the active isotope of hydrogen) with a feet or within massively con­ recovery process produces the fol­ half-life of 121h years. In addition, structed concrete chambers and are lowing undesirable discharges: the scrubbing and purification tech­ remotely controlled. 1. Undissolved fuel cladding niques cannot completely remove After a spent fuel assembly is re­ which must be packaged in shielded the remaining fission products and moved from a reactor it is usually containers and buried as radioactive small amounts of those radionu­ allowed to "cool" for three or four solid waste. clides will still escape to the atmo-

May-June 1971 47 sphere. Allied estimates that the countryside making them unfit for chain reacti.on results. Some six following quantities of krypton-85, human, animal or even plant life. such accidents have already oc­ tritium, and some of the more haz­ Similar "irradiated" materials are curred in AEC facilities handling ardous radionuclides will be dis­ generated by an atomic or hydro­ nuclear fuel solutions. Those acci­ charged annually: gen bomb when the extremely high dents are described in an AEC pub­ Amount of neutron levels irradiate the fission­ lication entitled "Operational Acci­ Isotope Annual Release ab le material and surrounding dents and Radiation Exposure Ex­ Krypton-85 15,000,000 curies bomb components. The resulting perience within the United States Tritium 600,000 curies Iodine-131 21 curies fission products a;nd other isotopes Atomic Energy Commission, Strontium-90 10 curies produced are grossly radioactive. It 1943-1967 ," on page 27. Cesium-137 10 curies is precisely such ''irradiated" It is especially relevant that the Plutonium .1 curie byproducts that must be handled criticality accident attaining the 5. Filters which have been used by any fuel reprocessing facility highest power level occurred at a to remove a portion of the particu­ such as that proposed for Barnwell chemical reprocessing plant located late radionuclides in the gaseous County. Th~ radioactive byprod­ at the National Reactor Testing effluents from the plant. These ucts to be handled at that facility Station near Arco, Idaho. It also ap­ must also be buried as solid radio­ are those generated over ~ longer pears that approximately one year active waste. period of time (several years) when later a second such accident oc­ Because of irreversible contami­ the relatively lower neutron levels curred in the same facility although nation of the environment with of a reactor "irradiate" the fuel a lower power level was attained. radioactive materials, the prospect material and reactor core com­ Although the nuclear energy re­ of releasing even greater quantities ponents. D.ue to longer exposure, leased in such accidents in no way of extremely hazardous radio­ the quantity of radioactive by­ compares with an atomic bomb isotopes, and a number of other re­ products accumulating in a single detonation, explosions capable of asons which I will attempt to ex­ reactor core exceed those generated breaching containment vessels can plain, I am strongly opposed to by a nuclear bomb. occur. The severity of such nuclear having such a reprocessing facility Due to the highly radioactive excursions depends oh how rapidly within either the state of South nature of "irradiated" fuels and the critical geometry is destroyed Carolina or any of our neighboring core materials, the handling of by the explosion itself. The fact states. I cannot help but wonder those materials requires massive that the Idaho test facility went whether a desire for industry at any shielding and containment struc­ sub-critical after 4 x 1019 fissions is cost and the prospect of economic tures (vessels), and complicated no guarantee that significantly benefits to one local sector of the remote control equipment and greater power levels and explosive state have caused state officials to procedures. The complexity of forces cannot be generat~d in the overlook those objections and dis­ both the equipment and the pro­ Barnwell facility where massive advantages to the state as a whole ·cedures can lead to unsafe geom­ structures and containment vessels inherent in the operation of any etries resulting in criticality a~ci­ may maintain the explosive geom­ such facility. The basic reasons be­ dents (uncontrolled, self-sustained etry for longer periods. Almost any hind my objections and concern are nuclear fission). Whether or not the breach of the containment vessels as follows: constant fissioning of nuclear fuel will contaminate the environment Uncontrolled Nuclear Excursions materials can become self-sustaining and allow winds and other natural Having Explosive Force Could depends essentially upon the g'eom­ phenomena to spread such contami­ Occur. One of the key considera­ etry in which those materials are nation over large areas of both our tions of this presentation is the placed, i.e., a sufficient number of state and adjoining states, and into word "irradiated" which appears in neutrons must remain within the the ocean. Since it will take approx­ the above quotation. As indicated geometry of the fissionable fuel to imately 800 years for the radio­ above, the proposed nuclear re­ cause a self-sustaining chain reac­ active byproducts concerned to processing plant will treat "ir­ tion. While the "irradiated" fuel is decay to relatively safe levels, such radiated" nuclear fuel. "Irradiated" being dissolved to form a chemical contamination is, for all practicable fuels are millions of times more solution as required for reprocess­ purposes, irreversible. radioactive than the original raw ing, the fuel material and the result­ Natural Phenomena Could uranium found in the natural envi­ ing solution can flow into what is Grossly Contaminate the Environ­ ronment, even when refined to a known as an "unsafe geometry." ment. In addition to criticality acci­ concentrated state. An accidental Thus, a solution of fuel material dents, natural phenomena may release of a relatively small amount might be placed in a tank of im­ cause a breach in the vessels and of "irradiated" materials to the en­ proper size or design or two adja­ other structures relied upon for vironment can be disastrous and cent tanks might inadvertently be containment of the highly radio­ contaminate large areas of the filled at the same time such that a active materials involved. One such

48 Sand lapper ZONE O - No damage.

ZONE l - Minor damage; distant earthquakes may cause damage to structures with fundamental periods greater than 1.0 seconds: corresponds to intens1t1es V and VI of the M.M. • Scale.

ZONE 2 - Moderate damage: corresponds to ,ntens,ty VII of the M.M. • Scale.

ZONE 3 - Ma1or damage: corresponds to intensity VIII and h1gt,er of the M.M. • Scale.

Seismic risk map for conterminous United States. (United States Earthquakes 1968, U.S. Department of Commerce publication) phenomenon is the earthquake. In their foundations; ground badly throughout the environment. this regard, it is relevant to note cracked. Rails bent. Landslides con­ Realizing that the damage from that South Carolina has an inci­ siderable from river banks and steep an earthquake is very real, Allied slopes. Shift(!d sand and mud. dence of earthquakes that ranks Water splashed (slopped) over bank. has chosen to design its facility for among the highest in the nation. (X Rossi-Fore! Scale) an earthquake having a magnitude The history of earthquakes in XI. Few, if any, (masonry) struc­ in the range of VII to VIII on the South Carolina is summarized in a tures remain standing. Bridges de­ intensity scale. Similar levels in in­ government publication issued by stroyed. Broad fissures in ground. tensity occurred at Barnwell during Underground pipelines completely the U.S. Department of Commerce out of service. Earth slumps and the Charleston earthquake of 1886. entitled "United States Earth­ land slips in soft ground. Rails bent However, here they are undertaking quakes, 1967." South Carolina has greatly. to design a facility for a period of experienced at least one earthquake XII. Damage total. Waves seen on 800 years and the fact that an of the highest magnitude and in­ ground surfaces. Lines of sight and earthquake intensity of VI to VII+ tensity ever recorded in the United level distorted. Objects thrown up­ ward into air. occurred at the site 80 years ago is States. That earthquake occurred no guarantee that an earthquake of northwest of Charleston, South From the foregoing description much greater magnitude will not Carolina, at north latitude 32.9, as to the effects of an earthquake occur in the next 100 years or so. west longitude 80.0, on Aug. 31, which has already occurred in From the Seismic Risk Map found 1886, and was felt over an area of South Carolina during the last 100 in the foregoing earthquake pub­ some two million square miles. At years, there appears to be a sub­ lication, it will be observed that the epicenter (point of origin), the stantial risk that such a phenome­ Barnwell County is at the western intensity rating was X-XII on the non will breach containment vessels edge of a "Major Damage" zone, Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale and spread contamination at some i.e., one of the zones of maximum (of 1931). Page 6 of the foregoing time during the life of the proposed risk shown on the map. publication sets forth an explana­ facility, especially if its integrity In a report from the U.S. Depart­ tion of earthquake intensities as must be maintained for 800 years. ment of Interior concerning the follows (the effects near center of Other natural disasters, such as hur­ proposed Barnwell facility, at­ 1886 quake): ricanes and tornadoes, also occur in tached as Appendix B to the Safety South Carolina with substantial fre­ Evaluation report by the Division X. Some well-built wooden struc­ quency and similarly cause a breach of Materials Licensing, U.S. Atomic tures destroyed; most masonry and of containment vessels and a spread Energy Commission, it is stated at frame structures destroyed with of highly radioactive materials page 109 that:

May-June 1971 49 · · · · AlthOugh there '~~· no identi- uranium and must be transporteq in· quired f bi- ~eneratibns td ·come. Ai~ fiabie faults [ or i other young geo­ shieldea. containers to the ultimate though regulations issued 'this . logic structures in the area that user. In any of those trips a simple month by the AEC specify that the; ·might . be expected to localize seis­ micity jn. the immediatE_l :vicinity of transportation .accident or collision liquid waste ·:rµust be converted to a the site, structural details of the could result in spilling highly con­ solid form within ffve · ·years and. older rocks underlying· the Coastal taminated materials to the sur­ shipped to a 'federal repository Plain are poorly known, and epi­ rounding environment. within 10 years after its discharge centers of earthquakes that have oc­ One might inquire at this point to such tanks, the technology for curred in the area normally cannot be related directly to. any specific as to how many trips would be re­ making such a conversion does not geologic structure. [Author's em­ quired to supply the proposed facil­ exist at ·the present time and no phasis] ity with its design capacity of 1,500 federal repositories have been des­ metric tons of uranium per year. As ignated. In addition, 10 years' accu- Presence of Hazardous' Chemicals each fuel assembly contains approx­ : mulation is still a tremendous in­ Could Result in the Spread of imately one-half ton of uranium, I ventory, and the .federal repository· Radio·active Contamination. in the design capacity of the plant for the permanent storage of all order to dissolve fuel material and contemplates an annual delivery of such wastes may well tum out to be separate it from the fission prod­ approximately 3,000 fuel assem­ the adjacent federally owned land ucts and other radioactive· contami­ blies per year. Because of the ex­ at Savannah River. nates requires corrosive acid solu­ tensive shielding necessary, only With regard to the storage of tions and highly flammable organic three fuel assemblies can be trans­ high-level raciioactive wastes in solvents. This involves serious re­ ported by truck at a time. The use underground storage tanks as pro­ lated problems, such as: of trucks as the primary method of posed for the Barnwell facility, the Difficulties of maintaining con­ transportation will therefore re­ U.S. Department of Interior had tainment seals in the highly com~ quire ah·· average of two to three the following to say in Appendix B plex equipment required to handle trips per day across the highways of of the AEC Safety Evaluation re­ the corrosive waste solutions and this state. Those trips are usually port (on pages 110 and 113): separate them from those solutions made at speeds of from 15 to 20 The matter of greatest concern containing the fuel to be recovered. miles per hour by trucks traveling from a long-range standpoint is the Difficulties in maintaining con­ at·the maximum load permitted by possibility and consequences of tainment of corrosive waste mate­ law. long-lived radionuclides, particu­ larly plutonium, moving undetected rials which must be placed in sealed H i_gh Level Radioactive Tanks into the hydrologic environment. It tanks or other containers buried Must Be Perpetually Cooled and is doubtful that one could demon­ underground. Maintained for Hundreds of Years. strate convincingly that such radio­ E Increased likelihood of chemical The radioactive waste products nuclides could be effectively iso­ explosions and fire which could generated by a fuel reprocessing lated and immobilized for lO's or i lOO's of lOOO's of years under the s vaporize and spread the highly facility contain radioactive isotopes hrdrologic and geologic conditions h radioactive contaminates. having extremely long half-lives of the site. An example of one a Transportation Accidents Could (the time required for the radio­ process by which these radionu­ Spill Radioactivity to Environment. activity level to decay by one-half). clides conceivably could be released fl The transportation problems con­ It is anticipated that approximately to surface streams, long after burial or seepage underground, is erosion 0 nected with handling such highly 800 years will be ;equired for the of the site. In view of the fact that ti radioactive materials can be enor­ radioactivity to reach reasonably the solubility and mobility charac­ w mous. First, the highly "irradiated" safe levels. Because of the long life teristics of plutonium are poorly ti: reactor fuel elements must be of the radioactivity, the possibility understood, it appears that the pos­ placed in a heavily shielded casket of it ultimately reaching the envi­ sibility of it moving ' with the al ground water should not be ruled pi which is constantly cooled to dissi­ ronment is greatly increased. While out. Therefore, any assurance of ra pate heat generated by the high stored in underground tanks the isolating and immobilizing such fu level of residual radioactivity. The waste must be constantly cooled to wastes for an indefinite period of ra, casket must then be transported by dissipate heat generated by the time should be viewed with ur truck across state highways to the radioactivity. Overheating of the caution. [Author's emphasis] ro reprocessing facility ( at about 20 tanks due to a loss of cooling can The Largest Inventory of Radio­ co miles per hour). Certain of the solid result in a release of radioactivity. activity Ever Assembled in One re] radioactive waste materials pro­ As the tanks corrode fairly rapidly Place. By reason of the highly of duced by the facility are trans­ and are expected to last only 20 to radioactive nature of "irradiated" vir ported to off-site disposal areas. 40 years, the waste on hand must materials and their concentrated co The end-product fuel recovered is be transferred to a new tank period­ state at a reprocessing facility, the also significantly radioactive when ically. All of this means that per­ probable consequences of a con­ 48 compared to processed natural petual tank maintenance will be re- tamination accident are far more

50 Sand lapper Al­ serious than any whicl;l f:!ould l;>~ facility! spent cores from the reactors to the this sustainect ~t a commercial nuclear It should also be emphasized that reprocessing ·facility. With all the the power station. The total inventory criticality accidents are completely heavily shielded containers and ;o a and level of radioactivity that uncontrolled nuclear excursions. other precautions required, the They can result in almost no physi­ transportation costs increase greatly ~nd would be present in the proposed ory facility are of a significantly greater cal explosion or in extreme ex­ with distance. As the user must rrge magnitude than those found at the plosive forces. Concentrated liquid bear this cost for its fuel, a location existing Savannah River projects. radioactivity can be easily vapor­ on the East cqast would favor the Jfor not An interesting comparison can be ized in the heat of such an ex­ economy of reprocessing because of made in order to obtain some idea plosion and · "carried downwind." the proximity of nuclear power J no of the gross magnitude of the inven­ Furthermore, where a reactor is stations for the generation of elec­ ~es- ecu­ tory of radioactivity expected at specifically designed to shut off or tricity, which in turn are near popu­ in­ the Barnwell plant. The amount of control the nuclear reaction, a re­ lation centers. South Carolina also ry fission products generated by all processing facility is not. has good seaport facilities which all nuclear testing in the United States No Qualified, Unbiased Public could also be used to reduce trans­ up to 1958 (the date atmospheric Body Has Passed on the Desirability portation costs. It is submitted that ~!~ testing terminated by treaty) is well of Having the Facility in South here the economists for both the known. The American Peoples' En­ Carolina. One might ask at this federal government and private in­ of cyclopedia states that "the energy point why the AEC would sponsor dustry have clearly let financial in­ in from all nuclear weapons' tests such a reprocessing facility in what terests take unjustified precedence pro-I yielded about 4.5 tons of radio­ could be considered a fairly densely over public safety. As these facil­ 1the active fission products, plus 100 populated area having large quan­ ities contain a gross inventory of !1ad pounds of tritium" (Volume 15, tities of wildlife and large flows of radioactivity and remain essentially B page 430). As three per cent of wind and water. It should be untested, they belong in the desert, spent nuclear fuel consists of fission pointed out, however, that the AEC and nowhere else. products, it is anticipated that ap­ has a "conflict of interest" where As a final inquiry, one might proximately 45 tons of radioactive fuel reprocessing is concerned. By wonder why private industry would n fission products, including 1,000 statute the AEC is charged with the still undertake such a venture. You :i .f pounds of tritium, will be received duty of promoting the entire nu­ can be certain that the government I and processed at the proposed plant clear industry. Also, although not has painted a rosy financial picture rIi in a single year. Thus, the amount widely publicized, the AEC is the of "guaranteed" profit, either tt of radioactivity accumulated at the owner of large quantites of "ir­ through indirect government sub­ 1-' Barnwell plant in one year would radiated" fuel waiting to be repro­ sidy (payment for reprocessing of be 10 times the radioactive inven­ cessed. In the past, the AEC has its fuel) or by means of guaranteed ,r tory yielded by all of the atmo­ either leased nuclear fuel to private contracts with private utility com­ le spheric nuclear weapons' tests in nuclear power facilities and repos­ panies for reprocessing the spent the United States. The major por­ sessed it at the end of the lease nuclear fuel removed from their tion of those fission products term, or sold and repurchased it electrical power generating stations. would be stored in the huge under­ from such facilities. Although the In the event that the cost of re­ ground tanks previously referred to. uranium and other fissionable ele­ processing proves uneconomical at The 1,000 pounds of tritium would ments contained in the spent present utility rates, the increased be released to the atmosphere each reactor cores are insufficient to sus­ co st will most likely be passed year as water vapor. tain a chain reaction, a very large on to the public as the ulti­ Contamination accidents can and percentage (as much as 99 per cent) mate consumer of the electricity. :e do occur at fuel reprocessing and of that material has not yet fission­ The citizens of South Carolina tl similar facilities handling fissionable ed and theoretically could be re­ may thus lose out on both ends of t materials in a liquid or other fluid used if recovered in a reprocessing the "·bargain." Where a profit is es­ 't state. But one might say "well, only plant. As this material is extremely sentially "guaranteed," private in­ ~ six accidents in 24 years, that's not valuable, it follows that the AEC dustry may not be as concerned bad." However, the only commer­ has a very large investment in "ir­ with public safety as it should be. cial experience to date has involved radiated" fuels which it would like Also the substantial increase in ~io- an annual reprocessing load of about to recoup. revenues to be realized by Barnwell ~~; 100 metric tons, according to "The One might further inquire as to County (which would be almost ~d" Nuclear Industry 1969," published why such a facility would be placed doubled), may have caused state of­ ted by the AEC. The facility proposed in a populated area rather than in ficials to overlook certain aspects of the for Barnwell would handle 1,500 the desert. Here again a "conflict of the problem. Risks that might be on- metric tons annually-more than 15 interest" arises. Both the AEC and justified for reasons of national se­ ~ore times that of any other commercial private industry must transport the curity can in no way justify even

,per May-June 1971 51 greater risks for the realization of !ems and hazards associated with to me that the probable conse­ monetary profits by private industry. having a nuclear fuel reprocessing quences of such a contamination Large Quantities of Radioactive plant in Barnwell County, all of accident are catastrophic in magni­ Wastes Will Be Discharged to En­ those considerations should be of tude. It is felt that the magnitude vironment. Significant quantities of double concern to the citizens of of sue~ an accident, should it so called low-level radioactive South Carolina. The AEC is not occur, is so great and would en- wastes would be released to the en­ promoting just one such facility in . d3:I1ger so many lives and render vironment by ,the proposed Barn­ South Carolina but two of the larg­ such a large amount of property well facility. Although there is disa­ est capacity plants ever conceived. uninhabitable that such a facility is greement regarding the degree of Both th Allied Chemical plant and not in the best interests of South harm that can be caused by the par­ the Atlantic-Richfield1 plant are Carolina, regardless of the extent of ticular isotopes to be discharged, scheduled for placement in. the en­ those economic benefits that might nevertheless there is a substantial virons of South Carolina. Atlantic­ otherwise be derived therefrom. It risk that such radioactivity may be · Richfield proposes to build its facil­ is hoped that the least that can be concentrated in animal and plant ity at Leeds, South Carolina. Each ·of said of this analysis is that it identi­ life along the Savannah River and those facilities would be consider­ fies the risks and raises a number of adjacent areas of South Carolina ably larger than any other existing unanswered questions regarding the and Georgia. Fifteen million curies or proposed facility in the United dangers to which the citizens and of krypton-85 and 600,000 curies States and would operate at 15 property of our state will be ex­ of tritium can hardly be ignored. It times the capacity achieved to date posed. In my opinion,. the risks are is submitted that those radioactive by the only existing facility. If both not worth the benefits. The people isotopes are deemed "safe" only be­ of the proposed facilities are actu­ of South Carolina should be fully cause there is presently no techno-. ally built as planned, South Caro­ informed of the risks and dangers logical means permitting their re­ lina will have three fourths of the of the proposed facility in addition moval and storage. This the AEC reprocessing capacity of the entire to the purported benefits so that practically admits with the follow­ nation for the next 20 years, and they may draw their own conclu­ ing statement found on page 49 of accordingly would receive three sions. their Safety Evaluation report: fourths of all radioactive wastes The design of the BNFP will in­ during that period. But South Caro­ Townsend M. Belser Jr. was a clude provisions for future installa­ lina will have only four of the 25 nuclear engineer for four years tion of equipment to remove noble nuclear power generating stations on assignment with the Naval gases from the effluent. The noble proposed for the Southeast. Why Reactors division of the AEC, in gases (principally krypton-85) will be extracted from plant effluents should it be saddled with most of which capacity he was involved when practical systems have been the radioactive wastes generated by in both the naval reactors pro­ demonstrated for subsequent long­ the entire country? I submit that the gram of the AEC and the nuclear term storage of this gas in a federal AEC and private industry have propulsion program of the Bu­ repository. Practical systems for the found a state that is pressing so reau of Ships. During the course removal of tritium from the vapor effluent currently are not available. hard for industry of any kind that of his work, Belser became ac­ it will take anything regardless of quainted with the Hanford and Also, significant amounts of ad- the consequences. I understand that Idaho reprocessing facilities and mittedly dangerous radioactive iso­ the state of Minnesota has flatly had occasion to visit the latter topes such as iodine-131, stron­ turned down any such facilities and facility. His educational back­ tium-90, cesium-137 and plutonium that many other states regard them ground includes a Bachelor of will be released. As a highly toxic with disfavor. Industry probably Chemical Engineering degree substance and with a radioactive figures that if we are willing to take (1958) from Georgia lnstitu te of half-life of 24,000 years, plutonium them, it had better get as many here Technology; a certificate in nu­ is particularly hazardous and re­ as possible before we change our cl ear engineering (1960) from mains so approximately 500,000 minds. If both of the proposed facil­ Bettis Reactor Engineering years. In addition, as previously in­ ities are built, South Carolina will School, Bettis · Atomic Power dicated, strontium-90 and cesium- truly be the radioactive waste dump­ Laboratory, Pittsburgh, Penn­ 137 are among those isotopes classi­ ing ground for the entire nation. sylvania (a special graduate-level fied as extremely hazardous because Conclusion. Although the AEC school for AEC personnel); and a they concentrate in the human body. and Allied Chemical are certain to Bachelor of Laws degree ( 1965) Implementation of Existing argue that the probability of a nu­ from George Washington Univer­ Plans Will Make South Carolina the clear accident capable of spreading sity. During his senior year at law Dump for Radioactive Wastes from substantial amounts of "irradiated" school, Belser completed a gradu­ the Entire Nation. Having pointed contamination to the environment ate law course in the regulation out some of the more obvious prob- is rather small, it is of great concern of atomic energy.

52 Sand lap per :onse­ ation lagni­ itude [d it l en­ nder •erty ty is )Uth tt of ight f· It I be 1nti- r of lthe ~nd l~x- ri: 111y ers bn /at !u- r ~ ! THE CITADEL SUMMER CAMP I

ach summer a small army storms other camps throughout the coun- total capacity of 500 boys, are held the unguarded bastions of The try. each summer. They are always ECitadel, the Military College of The unique camp will mark its filled. The camp has attracted high South Carolina at Charleston. The 15th year this summer. The vete- praise from members of the Presi­ troops are an awesome bunch­ rans now number in excess of dent's Council on Youth Fitness, faces freckled, hair tousled and caps 5,000. Each is a vital, if somewhat from officers of the American askew. They're often awkward, but smaller, product of the Citadel Campers Association and from their attack is always determined. system which has produced men of parents of campers. Once they've secured the bar­ great accomplishment for the Pal- The camp has had the enthu­ racks, the parade ground, the sailing metto State for 128 years. The siastic support of succeeding ad­ vessels and the canteen, they dash camp slogan says it all, "Don't wait ministrations at the military col­ off a triumphant communique to to be a great man ... be a great lege. Gen. Hugh P. Harris, who re­ headquarters: boy ! " tired from the presidency last year, Dear Mom and Dad: The camp was founded by one of and his successor, Maj. Gen. James They're making us write home. the nation's best-known military W. Duckett, have seen to its growth Love, figures, Gen. Mark W. Clark. As and development. Like Gen. Clark, Billy president of The Citadel he inaugu- they agree that "The Citadel's busi­ Who are these conquerers? They rated the summer program in 1957. ness is the training of young Ameri­ are the youths, some 500 strong, Gen. Clark, now Citadel president cans of the future ... we cannot who each year attend The Citadel emeritus, saw the camp as a means start too young on this vitally im­ Summer Camp for Boys. They of "reaching boys at their most im- portant mission. The camp is one of range in ages from 11 to 15. Al­ pressionable years, instilling early many devices through which we at though a large percentage are from love of God and country, respect The Citadel seek to serve our South Carolina, they come from as for the flag and the traditions for country." far away as California, Maine and which it stands." So, while many of the facilities Colombia, South America. They are Since the first session, camp at- at other educational institutions lie attracted by the innovative camp tendance has more than doubled. dormant during the lazy summer which has become a model for Two four-week sessions, with a months, those at The Citadel get a

54 Sand lapper By Nancy Rampey

The only "military" formation is And they meet with success. Last an impressive and inspiring retreat summer there were 18 non­ ceremony held each evening for the swimmers at one session. At the lowering of the flag. end of the four-week camp period, From one busy day to the next, 16 could swim 100 yards non-stop. the campers are guided through a The sports are taught by cadets program designed to develop their who have excelled in them. A physical, mental, moral, spiritual, sophomore who holds a world title patriotic and social characteristics. in skeet shooting taught that elect­ Campers live in the cadet barracks ive sport last summer, while the with their counselors, all carefully counselor in charge of sailing was a selected Citadel cadets or graduates. two-time winner of the National Their day begins at 7 a.m. and ends Junior Y-Flyer championship. at 7:30 p.m. The hours between are In the all-male atmosphere of the devoted to learning the fundament­ camp, the youths learn self-reliance, als of a dozen sports, working on how to work with other boys in a selected activities such as the camp living situation, and they develop newspaper or drill team and super­ new friendships. As Gordon Bray, a FOR BOYS vised leisure time activities. three-year veteran counselor, ob­ Weekends are spent at The Cita­ served, "The campers grow up more del Beach House or at nearby Lake in four weeks than they ordinarily Moultrie where campers participate would in two or three years." in water skiing and fishing. A spe­ A close bond is formed between cial parents' weekend is held at the camper and counselor. Many have vigorous workout. The parade mid-point of each session. shared numerous camp sessions, ground becomes a playground and The campers work hard at im­ since better than 50 per cent of the soccer formations replace military proving in sports. One 15-year-old campers return for other sessions, formations. The uniform of the day camp reporter, in writing about his and most counselors remain on the is blue gym shorts, white Tee-shirts swimming lessons, reported "Every staff throughout and beyond their and tennis shoes, for the camp other day for three weeks we swam college careers. stresses development through sports and worked out so much that I A healthy competitive spirit de­ activities. think some of us are growing fins." velops among the campers as each

You can't start too young in the training of young Americans of the future.

Left: Four youthful campers at the Cita­ del barracks, which accommodates up to 500 youngsters. Right: Campers develop stamina and competitiveness through nu­ " merous outdoor sports, including soccer. ~ .. -: ~- .,,.... May-June 1971 ----~- -

Right: At open-air classes on a Lake Moultrie dock, campers are taught the art of navigation. Any surplus funds remaining from camp fees go toward the purchase of sports equipment for the camp. Boys above display equipment for croquet, softball, archery, soccer, and badminton-a few of the many sports offered at the camp.

56 Sand tapper strives to accumulate points to earn many is held in the Summerall fees for optional special tutoring). the coveted Mark Clark Award Chapel on campus, where weekly Any profit for the camp sessions medal as outstanding camper of his religious services are also held for is spent for camp equipment, such age group. Awards made each ses­ campers. as the fleet of ten sailing vessels, sion are based on the campers' The camp has won accreditation four motor boats, a bus and sports achievements in scheduled activ­ by the American Campers Asso­ equipment. ities, extracurricular activities, atti­ ciation, which has praised the A member of the President's tude and manners. 60-member staff for its excellent Council on Youth Fitness who in­ Though their schedules are full, ratio of one counselor for every spected the camp commented, campers find time for attending four campers. The average national "Schools and camps where disci­ tutored classes ( a special pamphlet ratio is eight to one. The camp is pline is the theme can achieve more on "How to Study" was developed under the direction of Col. James toward the goal of making self­ for their use) and elective activities R. Woods, USA (Ret.), executive reliant, emotionally stable, and such as scuba diving, drum and director to the president. physically fit youngsters than any bugle corps, drill team and junior The Citadel Summer Camp for other. It is the most important part lifesaving. They also report on their Boys is a self-sustaining $150,000 of the fabric of fitness." own activities through the camp operation supported entirely by As the twig is bent, so grows the newspaper, published five times fees. The four-week session costs tree. each summer. $290 ( excluding recommended The newspaper reveals the sub­ clothing and spending money, plus Nancy Rampey is from Charleston. jects that capture the campers' interests-like food. Wrote a 14- year-old reporter: "The food is pretty good. The catsup guzzles out of the bottle. If they had a catsup race, we would win before the other guys could get the tops off." Another boy reported on the Saturday night dance held for the campers-"The combo was intro­ duced. To be truthful, they were a rotten looking bunch of boys with hair to their ears and eyes. How­ ever, their music made up for their appearances." That camper con­ cluded his description of the eve­ ning, "Towards the end, everything picks up and everybody has a good time until you find out there's no more dip and potato chips." The enthusiasm is at its height when the boys prepare for the tal­ ent show which precedes gradu­ ation from the camp. Their parents are in the audience. Exceptional talent is evident as the campers per­ form skits and musical numbers before a packed house in Mark Clark Hall. Graduation for the 250 campers attending each session is held on the fourth weekend and attracts more than 1,000 persons. The cere-

May-June 1971 57 THE WHOLE-TOWN'S-TALKING DINNER PARTY

By Nike Middleton

he main ingredient of the Who 1e-T own 's-Talking Dinner MINI SHISH KEBABS: Sausage-potato-apple, or TParty is work. It could be worse, steak-white potato-cocktail onion for this vulgar, four-letter word has CHICKEN WITH TRUFFLES fallen into disuse, brought down by RICE PILAU WRAPPED IN GRAPE LEAVES a barrage of such euphemisms as MISTICANZA SALAD CROISSANTS "short cut," "time saver" and "easy to prepare." Work can be the VIA VENETO CAKE stand-in, the substitute, for ex­ GAFFE ESPRESSO pense. Misticanza salad, for in­ stance. When I first mentioned the difficulty of obtaining its ingre­ dients, my gourmet cooking class The mini shish kebabs should be Chicken with Truffles groaned aloud. All right, if you no longer than a lollipop stick, 4 large chicken breasts want the usual banal Italian dinner, whether skewered on wood or A strip of thin fresh pork fat suffi· metal. Sausage patties and steak cient to cover chicken (This is heat up a can of ravioli, I said as a called barding.) reprimand. Then I gave them a real cubes should be no wider than a 112 cup truffles scare, reading a recipe for rose nickel, but much plumper, and 2 cups port wine Bavarian, from the French: "Strip fried quickly. Add the chunks of 112 cup brandy the petals from 30 choice roses ... apple, with red skin intact, when 3 tbsp. butter 1 add 30 grams of slightly warm clari­ the sausage is almost done. If at all 1 /2 cups dry white wine Salt, white pepper fied isinglass, color with cochineal possible, the potatoes should be the essence .... " After that, there was tiny ones despised by farmers and Marinate the truffles in a mixture no more rebellion. Admittedly, this left to rot in the field after harvest. of brandy and port for eight hours. dinner demands industry, but it is However, I have seen pint baskets Remove truffles, reserving port­ this very quality which will make it of these babies in South Carolina brandy mixture, and stuff loosely distinctive. markets. Scour with a wire brush under the skin of the chicken. and bake as usual before spiking on Properly, these truffles should be the skewer. (Such mini-potatoes are discarded-having given their all to flavorful and convenient for stews the port-brandy-and fresh truffles and soups, and make a surprise hors used, but only a French palate d'oeuvre when served up like their would know the difference. Salt big brothers with sour cream and and pepper the chicken breasts, chives, or butter and paprika.) If cover with the pork fat, and pour these potatoes are not available, over this the white wine. Add potato balls must be substituted, butter and bake at 350 degrees. The roasted in butter. size of the chicken breasts will de­ termine the cooking time; however, the time will be approximately an hour. Ten minutes before breasts are done, remove pork fat and al­ low breasts to brown, meanwhile basting with the combined wine and natural juices. Breasts will be done when, prodded with a skewer,

58 Sand lap per Classically, this cake should be baked in its own. special cake tin but, since these are seldom avail­ able, the recipe would have to be altered for the usual baking pans. Therefore, since you have been working so hard, I am going to let you off with a store-bought cake-a big angel cake. For this you will use two icings; chocolate rum on the outside, and almond-mocha be­ tween the layers. The marzipan fruit, piled on the top, is the final festive touch. Chocolate Rum Icing 4 squares unsweetened chocolate, melted over boiling water 3 cups sifted confectioner's sugar 1/3 cup boiling water 1 tbsp. butter 1 tbsp. dark rum dash of salt -Photo by Bob Phillips Sift sugar into bowl and add boil­ ing water, stirring until smooth. Blend in chocolate, butter and rum. the juice is clear, not red. Add the Misticanza Salad It may be thinned with additional port-brandy mixture to the remain­ Nearly every monastery in Italy boiling water. ing liquid, blend and heat tho­ has a small plot reserved for growing Almond-Mocha Filling roughly before serving in a gravy the youngest, tenderest herbs for 2 squares unsweetened chocolate boat. Serves 4. this mythical salad. Misticanza is 3 tbsp. butter Rice Pilau in Grape Leaves made only of the newest, most deli­ 3 cups sifted confectioner's sugar cate of greens-you know, the kind 1h cup very strong hot coffee, pref- 1 cup long-grain brown rice that the rabbits usually beat the erably Italian 21/.o cups clear chicken broth, or 1 tsp. almond flavoring 21/.o cups boiling water with two gardener to. It may be composed of 1 cup toasted, slivered almonds bouillon cubes tiny lettuce, endive and chicory, 1 tbsp. finely minced onion chives, basil, baby spinach, infant Pour hot coffee over chocolate, 1,4 cup each of cooked chick peas, beet tops, the youngest mint and stir until blended. Cream in sugar currants plumped in brandy, and rosemary. Your ingenuity-and an and butter until smooth. Add ai­ pine nuts m ond flavoring and almonds. If 4 large grape leaves, blanched in alliance with your green grocer and warm water understanding friends, especially made ahead, this may have to be 112 cup white wine those invited to the party-will thinned a bit with a little cold Pepper achieve this perfection. Serve only coffee. Bring broth to racing boil (re­ with olive oil and wine vinegar Marzipan Fruit serve 1h cup); add onion, dash of dressing. Now for the fun part-making black pepper, and stir in rice. Bring Via V eneto Cake the marzipan fruit. A standard can back to boil, lower heat, cover and The most festive of cakes, Via of almond paste will suffice. After cook about 25 minutes, or until Veneto is concocted of almonds, paste is prepared, following instruc­ liquid is absorbed. Meanwhile, rinse rum and almond paste. Confec­ tions on can, section off by color, grape leaves and pat dry with paper tioners' windows in Italy are filled using orange, yellow, red and towel; remove stems. Add chick with the most exciting fruits and purple vegetable dyes. Enlist the peas, pine nuts and currants to rice. vegetables created from almond family to fashion oranges, peaches, Fill leaves near stem end with rice paste, from the tiniest mushroom apples and plums. If in season, mixture, roll, and fasten with to full-scale pineapples. Marzipan­ make "stems" from fresh mint toothpick. Place close together in almond paste-has been an Italian when crowning your cake with this shallow pan into which about 1h favorite for centuries. There is a bright harvest. cup broth and 1h cup white wine reference in Romeo and Juliet have been poured. Bake about 20 when a servant begs another to save Nike Middleton is a free-lance writer to 25 minutes at 350 degrees. him a piece of "marchepane." from Roanoke, Virginia.

May-June 1971 59

ABIT OF THE OLD WEST IN THE UP COUNTRY By Jan Phillips

hat is Sycamore City? Syca­ the little church resounds with more City is singing in a log hymns from D.'s boyhood. The Wchapel, square dancing in an "congregation" sits on half-log old-time saloon, watching a cow benches similar to those found in pony tum on a dime, and hearing frontier churches a hundred years j stories about bronc bustin' and the ago. The interior walls of the log good old days of rodeo. Replica of chapel are paneled and stained a a frontier town, Sycamore City is a soft antique brown, the result of hobby, a unique creation and an ex­ hours of rubbing with white gaso­ perience. At the entrance to Syca­ line and tar. more City is the stone house of Mr. Located behind the church is the and Mrs. C.D. Land, on S.C. 123 Longhorn Saloon and Dance Hall near Seneca. The Lands, better where the exposed rafters literally known to their many friends as D. ring with square dance music. Here and Miss Bessie, are the creators D. calls the sets to the rhythm of and owners of Sycamore City. banjo, guitar and rinky-tink piano. Here, as a friend of the Lands, Between sets, dancers gather at the you can hang your guns in the bar, complete with brass rail and saloon and prop your foot on the Sycamore City, which consists of 10 build­ spittoon, for D.'s famous home­ ings created from unfinished weathered brass rail at the bar, sample D.'s timbers, logs and stones, was constructed made wine and locust beer. Indi­ locust beer, swing your partner in by its architect-planner D. Land, assisted vidual dancers often compete for the circle of buck dancers, visit the only by his wife Bessie. applause by clogging or buck danc­ trading post, get your horse shod at ing to the lively foot-stomping an authentic blacksmith shop and music. D. is usually in the forefront sing old-time spirituals in the little jail, brewery, general store, livery of the dancers and can outlast even country church of yesteryear. For a stable, bunkhouse, tavern, trading the youngest. trip to Sycamore City is a step into post, country church, and curio The walls of the saloon are deco­ the days when the American fron­ shop. The buildings are constructed rated with relics of the Southwest, tier was being pushed ever west­ of unfinished weathered timber, from longhorns and Indian blankets ward. logs and stone. Many are roofed to an elaborate collection of West­ D . Land, long an admirer of with hand-split white oak shingles, ern and Mexican hats. D. recently those early days in the Old West, cut by axe and shaped with froe made the large Indian tom-tom at decided eight years ago to create his and maul. All reflect expert work­ the end of the bar, hollowing the version of a frontier town. Em­ manship and attention to authen­ log, tanning and stretching the hide ployed by Clemson University be­ ticity. and then painting the Indian head. fore his retirement in 1968, D. has The Lands, a couple with many Located conveniently close to done the heavy labor of building talents and hobbies, designed each the saloon is the "brewry," which the town, assisted only by Miss of the buildings to reflect their houses not only D.'s wine-making Bessie. Each year they have ex­ special interests. D.'s father was a equipment but also a moonshine panded the project; the town now preacher, and when the Lands have still. D. doesn't operate the still, contains a saloon and dance hall, their Sunday afternoon "singings," but neither does he tell how he

May-June 1971 61 grinder, com shuck broom, lanterns them to Sycamore City and recon­ and home canned vegetables, to structed the building as a tavern. mention only a few of the items. An integral part of the Lands' Across from the store is the Elk interest in the Old West is their love Hom Trading Post built with a of horses. Both still ride frequently wrought-iron decorated upper bal­ and have led numerous trail rides in cony, giving the whole a New Or­ the rugged foothill country around leans flavor. A huge pair of elk Seneca. When one of their horses horns hang from the balcony. In­ needs to be shod, D. does the side the trading post are more of shoein' himself at the blacksmith the Lands' various collections, in­ shop where the forge is fired with a cluding a deer hide and a coonskin five-foot bellows and shoes are IHI' "L stretched and nailed to the wall. worked on an anvil that belonged . . Between the trading post and the to D.'s father. tavern is Bess's Curio Shop where For years Land traveled the she displays her rock and gem col­ rodeo circuit in Colorado, Nevada, lection. The shop is made of stone New Mexico, Wyoming and Texas, and was constructed by D., an ac­ and until recently he competed in complished stonemason. The rock local rodeos. He enjoys recalling collection is from all over the United States, some having been found locally, others gathered on their trips West. Many have been contributed by interested friends. Above: The general store, containing Across from Bess's Curio Shop is such essentials as tanned hides, fiddles, her cactus garden containing vari­ lanterns, mule collars and nail kegs. eties brought here from Western states and wintered in a greenhouse acquired it. Across from the during cold weather. brewery is the jail where Land The Timber Tavern near the says mostly female prisoners are curio shop is constructed of logs kept secure under lock and key. D. and mud plaster. The building orig­ is of course the sheriff of Sycamore inally was a corncrib belonging to a City. mountaineer friend of D.'s who had The walkway from the brewery need of a place to store his corn; and the jail leads to the general that is, before the "revenoors" ap­ store where D. and Miss Bessie, in­ peared on the scene. D. carefully veterate collectors, store much of numbered the logs, then moved their accumulation of antiques and relics of the past. The shelves and floor and counters are crowded Above: Emerging from Sycamore with decanters, jars, tools, mule City's brewery, D. Land shoulders a keg of his locally famous locust beer. collars, fiddles, guitars, nail kegs, Left: The small country church, old books, tanned hides, a coffee scene of occasional Sunday afternoon "singings." Right: The Longhorn Saloon and Dance Hall, furnished with memorabilia which includes a brass foot rail and spittoons, accommodates occasional weekend square dances.

62 Sand lap per when Seneca was a stopping-off the summer of 1970 the Lands casion dance hall girls invited place for wild horses shipped from were hosts to the Lord and Lady of groups into the saloon while the West. Through the years he has M almesbury, England, who were au thentic-looking cowboys, pros­ acquired a reputation as an expert visiting South Carolina for the tri­ pectors and a parson occupied the horse trainer. He also did stunt rid­ centennial celebration. More re­ other buildings. An "early settler" ing in the Walt Disney movie, The cently a tour group sponsored by family camped with covered wagon Great Locomotive Chase, filmed in the National Trust for Historic Pres­ and live oxen in the field above the nearby Clayton, Georgia. Proof of ervation _came to visit Sycamore City, church. On those nights Sycamore his being a working cowboy is the and 80 persons from all over the City became a living scene from the bunkhouse where his elaborately United States explored the little past and a tribute to D. and Bessie tooled Western boots, bridles and town. Land, who recreate history in their saddles are displayed. As a part of the Oconee County backyard. Although not open to the public, tricentennial celebration, D. and Sycamore City has become some­ Miss Bessie opened their gates on Jan Phillips is a free-lance writer thing of a tourist attraction. During two nights to visitors. For the oc- from Anderson.

May-June 1971 63 South Carolina Has Several Varieties of Poisonous Snakes

By Eddie Finlay

t's a shame that people haven't tions anyone should take. First, followed all the fine precepts laid when walking in areas where there Idown in the Bible as religiously may be venomous snakes, watch as they have the words of Genesis where you put your feet, particu- regarding snakes-namely that man 1arl y when stepping over logs. "shall bruise thy head, and thou Snakes like to lie alongside logs, shalt bruise his heel "-for regardless possibly for protection from sun or of the harmless nature of most wind, possibly for protection from snakes the first thought of most enemies, or for establishing a good men when seeing a snake is, vantage point for catching their "Where's a stick?" prey. The trouble, at least for the Second, don't just push through snakes, is that ever since Genesis heavy ground cover without watch­ was written they have had poor ing the ground. public relations. Their image is Third, unless you know snakes, WATCH WHERE usually undeserved and difficult to don't show off your bravery ( or understand, at least by a person stupidity) by handling a specimen YOU STEP ... who likes snakes, or one who realizes unless you are sure it's harmless. that they have as much right to eat, Incidentally, some of the harmless sleep, reproduce and bask in the species are rather dangerous look­ sun or rest in the shade as any ing, particularly some of the water other of the world's creatures. snakes and the hog-nosed snake, They are, except for the relatively commonly called the spreading few poisonous species, quite harm­ adder. This snake is the "bluffer" less. of the reptile world. It will spread Generally, the poisonous vari­ the loose ribs behind the head until eties are not vicious, unless fright­ it resembles a cobra, hiss horribly ened, and all snakes are perfectly and strike viciously-but with harmless if left alone and not con­ closed mouth. I have never known vinced they are in danger of being of one biting anyone, regardless of attacked. the amount of handling. If this There are some simple precau- deception proves futile, the snake

64 Sand lapper will go into its second act, writhing depends upon several factors-the over on its back as if in the final size of the snake, the location of stages of death, and finally stretch­ the bite ( a bite near a large artery ing out, apparently dead. The only naturally being the most dan­ flaw in this performance is that if gerous), how soon treatment is you tum the snake over on its available and the physical condition stomach, it will immediately flip of the victim. Naturally a bite is back over and resume its pose of more dangerous to a child or an el­ death. Incidentally, after one of derly person than to a healthy these snakes has been in captivity adult. ( Administering alcohol, I and handled regularly, it will no might add, is the worst thing that longer perform its act. can be done, as it speeds up the The comparatively few poison­ spread of the venom.) ous snakes found in South Carolina Finally, the snake's available are the several species of rattle­ supply of venom is an important snakes (ranging from the eight-foot factor. There's one story concern­ diamondback to the foot-long ing the deadliness of snake venom pygmy), the water moccasin or that I have heard several times, cottonmouth, the highland mocca­ usually with different localities sin or copperhead, and the beau­ specified. As the story goes, a pack tiful little coral snake. of hounds trailing a deer passes All except the coral snake belong close by a big rattlesnake which to the Viperidae family, meaning strikes the first three hounds. The their poison affects the blood­ first hound dies within a few stream. Coral snake venom affects minutes, the second in about half the nervous system. The danger an hour and the third finally re­ from the bite of a coral snake is covers. If the story is not true, it greatly exaggerated and I know of could be. only one fatality in the state in The mechanics of the bite of a recent years, a Lexington County poisonous snake are simple. The child who picked up what he venom is contained in two sacs at thought to be "a pretty worm." the top of the snake's mouth. The To give some idea of the remote­ fangs of the rattlers and moccasins ness of the danger of snakebite, a fold back until the snake wishes to study of figures from the S.C. State strike; then the mouth is opened Board of Health is helpful. These widely and the two fangs stick out figures include deaths caused by like little spears. The fangs are bites and stings of venomous ani­ hollow, or rather have a hollow mals and insects: 1959, one rattle­ tube through which the venom is snake bite; 1960, one rattlesnake forced by the pressure on the bite; 1961, one rattlesnake bite and poison sacs. one bee sting; 1962, two rattlesnake The coral snake does not have bites; 1963, two unclassified snake fangs, at least not like those of the bites; 1964, one unclassified snake viperine snakes. It has grooves on bite; 1965, one rattlesnake bite and its teeth, in which the venom flows. one bee sting; 1966, one tick bite; Since it does not have the fangs of 1967, none; 1968, one yellow jacket the rattlers and moccasins, it must sting, or stings; 1969, one insect implant the poison by a chewing sting and two rattlesnake bites. motion. (If it is any consolation to The danger from a snakebite you, the bite of the coral snake is

May-June 1971 65 L said to be much less painful, even though it may be fatal.) Concerning the poisonous snakes and identifying them, the coral snake is usually under two feet long, the largest on record being 4 7 inches. It is a beautiful snake with brilliant red, yellow and black rings. There are a few harmless snakes far as I can learn, never or seldom with which it might be confused in the Piedmont. All the so-called but the sequence of the colors is "cottonmouths" I've seen in the different. With the non-poisonous Piedmont have been varieties of snakes, black rings separate the red harmless water snakes, which can from the yellow, while the red and look rather dangerous and can be ,.. yellow rings touch on the coral vicious-about as vicious as you snake, which also has a black tip to would be if a two-legged giant at­ its snout. A good thing to remem­ tacked you with a big stick. ber is the old rhyme: The cottonmouth is found near water but is seldom seen on the Red on yellow, hurt a fellow, branches overhanging a stream or Red on black, won't hurt Jack. pond; snakes seen under these con­ ditions generally are one of the The coral snake is secretive, harmless water snakes-the com­ spending most of its time under mon, the blotched, the red-bellied logs or in thick ground cover of leaves. Like all snakes it is a flesh eater, feeding on worms, large in­ sects, lizards and salamanders. All three of the viperine snakes­ the two moccasins and the several species of rattlesnakes-have short thick bodies, flat and diamond­ shaped heads, and tails distinct from the body, with a single row of scales underneath the tail. The huge diamondback, which may reach over eight feet in length, is found primarily in the Low Country while the timber rattler is more an upper­ state species. There is, however, no clear line of separation and both may be found in the same areas. Humans have a tendency to try to kill any snake, this being par­ ticularly true of those found Cottonmouth Moccasin around the water, those invariably called "cottonmouths." As far as South Carolina is con­ cerned, the cottonmouth is found primarily below the fall line and, as Copperhead

66 Chilling tales ... SANDLAPPER BOOKSHELF

As summer approaches, vaca­ happenings Mr. Bolick concentrates tioners bent on exploring South on Georgetown County spirits and Carolina trails and traditions would presents a wide variety of accounts, do well to inform themselves of one from talking Indian teeth to a play­ of the state's oldest and most elu­ ful pair of ghost terriers. Like most sive natural resources: the ghosts of their counterparts, his ecto­ that ( according to some accounts) plasmic heroes and heroines largely populate the area. Judging from date from the Revolutionary to printed testimonies, their number Civil War periods, and the author and manifestations are many, and has provided historical background knowledge of their habits and and local lore in abundance for habitats could serve a variety of each tale. The book is plentifully purposes. Forewarned in this case illustrated with the author's intrigu­ may not be forearmed, but what ing line drawings, which reinforce late summer visitor to Pawleys Is­ the atmosphere of ghostly dealings land might not benefit by knowing throughout. the message a shadowy man in grey CHARLESTON GHOSTS. By Mar­ conveys? Or what timid traveler garet Rhett Martin. 105 pages. Uni­ might not change his route rather versity of South Carolina Press. For hot summer nights: than venture down the old Bun­ $4.95. combe Road in upstate South Caro­ The author, who claims that lina after dark, knowing that here "Seeing ghosts runs in my family," GHOSTS OF THE CAROLINAS lurks the Hound of Goshen? opens her book with an account of By Nancy and Bruce Roberts For scoffers and believers alike, her own experience with a particu­ $3.95 (paper $2.50) what better way to pass a summer's lar haunting-a murdered man on night than in musing over the lore Edisto Island. She has taken great CHARLESTON GHOSTS of South Carolina's spirit world? pains, where possible, to investigate By Margaret Rhett Martin There are many volumes to choose available records for pertinent facts; $4.95 from, but as a start four haunting of particular interest in this respect collections are offered: is the account of Joseph Ladd, the SOUTH CAROLINA "whistling doctor," based on a GHOST TALES SOUTH CAROLINA GHOST biography by his sister and includ­ By Nell 5. Graydon TALES. Compiled by Nell S. Gray­ ing excerpts from his poetry. $4.50 don. 85 pages. Beaufort Book Shop, GHOSTS OF THE CAROLINAS. Inc. $4.50. By Nancy and Bruce Robers. 62 GHOSTS FROM THE COAST Long a favorite of Caroliniana pages. McN ally and Loftin. Hard­ By Julian Stevenson Bolick fans, Mrs. Graydon here presents in cover $3.95, paper $2.50. $4.50 a variety of forms, variously illus­ The Robertses, whose previously trated, tales of ghosts early and published volumes have dealt late, witches, and ghostly tragedies chiefly with the denizens of North gleaned from varying sources, in­ Carolina, here turn their attention All available at cluding a series of poetic accounts to South Carolina as well, and a by the late Sen. James H. Ham­ substantial proportion of the tales mond. The author has attempted to concern the latter's unreal resi­ present chiefly the more obscure dents. Of the four, this is probably sandlapper legends, and those well versed in the most spine-chilling, and covers the subject may find some new more contemporary phenomena, in­ BOOKSTORE stories here. cluding the Brown Mountain Lights Location : U.S. 378 GHOSTS FROM THE COAST. By and the "House of the Opening W. Columbia, S.C. Julian Stevenson Bolick. 158 pages. Door." The book is eerily illus­ Mailing Address : P.O . Box 1668 From the Presses of Jacobs trated with Bruce Roberts' photo­ Columbia, S.C. 29202 Brothers. $4.50. graphs, which enhance the ominous In his third volume of spectral tone of the text itself.-B.L.

68 Sandlapper A TRICENTENNIAL ANTHOL­ Chesnut's Diary from Dixie, written OGY OF SOUTH CAROLINA froni the center of power in the LITERATURE, 1670-1970. Se­ Confederacy, provides a deeply UNIVERSITY OF lected by Richard James Calhoun hunian view of an inhunian war. SOUTH CAROLINA PRESS and John Caldwell Guilds. 592 And the Negro is captured in niore pages. Published for the South or less true guises, but never niore Carolina Tricentennial Commission perceptively than by the Southern At Better Bookstores by the University of South Carolina lady who "thinks black"-Julia Press. $6.95. Peterkin, represented here by two The first collection of South short stories. Carolina literature since Wau­ Yet, for all of this, one niust per­ Two books of unusual interest to the chope's Writers of South Carolina business and industrial communities, ceive that the writers of South both by faculty members of the ( 1910) and Hungerpiller's South Carolina have usually been niore or University of South Carolina. Carolina Literature (1931), this Tri­ less talented amateurs, and the centennial Anthology fills a real gap description of "place," what is Charles R. Milton in the state's knowledge of herself. really the undeclared thenie of this ETHICS AND EXPEDIENCY IN The editors, both noted scholars, book, is liniited largely to surface PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT have chosen representative litera­ detail. Eighteenth-century literature A Critical History of ture froni each century to capture generally describes frontier con­ Personnel Philosophy the literary taste of an age, the ditions or centers upon pre- or ephenieral as well as the lasting. post-Revolutionary poleniics. In ISBN 0-87249-183-8 Authors vary widely in thenie, tal­ early national literature, South 252 pages $10.00 ent and niethod of exposition, but Carolina still iniitated British tastes they all arise froni and enhance that and styles. Only in Williani Gilniore B.F. Kiker, Editor sense of "place" that is our histori­ Sininis did she find her first true INVESTMENT cal awareness of our state. professional nian of letters. A great IN HUMAN CAPITAL South Carolina possesses in niany deal of the efforts of talented examples a proud literary history. South Carolinians of the 19th cen­ ISBN 0-87249-189-7 608 pages $12.95 The four decades froni 1830 to tury was spent in justifying the "pe­ 1870 saw the height of her power, culiar institution," even after the Recently published Tricentennial Studies centered in the triunivirate of Paul fact, with a resulting aura of over­ Haniilton Hayne, William Gilniore sensitiveness and intolerance that NUillber 3 S ini Ills and Henry Tinirod. But stifled literary creativity. And, iron­ others, niany others, illuniinate her ically, the South Carolina-and Converse D. Clowse past and present: Joseph Brown Southern-writer had at the same ECONOMIC BEGINNINGS Ladd, colonial poet; Eliza Lucas tinie to nieet Northern literary IN COLONIAL Pinckney, who re-introduced indigo opinion, since his work would be SOUTH CAROLINA: 1670-1730 to the colony; David Ranisay, post­ published outside the South. In the ISBN 0-87249-186-2 Revolutionary historian; Beatrice 20th century, the Southern literary 283 pages $6.95 Ravenel, niodern poet and nieniber renaissance dating froni the '20s of the Poetry Society of South largely bypassed the state, though NUillber 4 Carolina; DuBose Heyward, author South Carolina has produced two Chalmers Gaston Davidson of Porgy; Ben Robertson, a noted Pulitzer Prize-winning authors­ THE LAST FORAY World War II correspondent who Julia Peterkin and DuBose Hey­ wrote nostalgically of the Up ward-and a nuniber of talented The South Carolina Planters Country; Janies Dickey, perhaps poets. Quite possibly, however, we of 1860 the best living Anierican poet and a stand on the brink of a new literary ISBN 0-87249-187-0 professor at USC. These are only a flowering. 275 pages $6 .95 few. Surely Henry Laurens' Narra­ Eudora Welty once said that the tive of his capture by the British quality of a described place is an stands with Franklin's Autobiog­ index of the precision of feeling. A raphy as an exaniple of dignity and Tricentennial Anthology is a work wit. John C. Calhoun's Disquisition of love. Western Reserve increas­ UNIVERSITY OF on Government, niarked by concise ingly beconies the standard accent SOUTH CAROLINA style and nierciless logic, ranks as a of our country, and the niass niedia PRESS landniark of Southern thought, as insure a kind of boring uniforniity, II significant in its own way as The but in this collection the unique­ Federalist Papers. Mary Boykin ness of our inheritance lives.

May-June 1971 69 CHILDREN'S BOOKS

CN2. CHEROKEES. By Marion Israel. Story about the Cherokee Indians, for san ____ apper I ages 8·12. $3.

CZ7. PITCHFORK BEN TILLMAN­ CPI. COLOR SOUTH CAROLINA. By SOUTH CAROLINIAN. By Francis But­ Emilie Theodore. A coloring book for all ler Simkins. Paper. $3.25. ages, with drawings suitable for framing. $1. DTl. A PICTORIAL HISTORY, BQl. NO TIME FOR CRYING. By Vir­ CHARLES-TOWNE 1670--CHARLES· ginia Doar Nielsen, pen sketches by Laura D CQ3. DAN MORGAN: RIFLEMAN. By TON 1970. By Charleston County Tricen­ S. Peck. A story of courage, Jove and C Ernest E. Tucker. Dan Morgan was a real tennial Commission. Paper. $1. faith at a time when the possibility of the d1 man, real as the long rifle he carried, real United States' becoming an independent s as the long trails he followed. This is his Cl nation was at its lowest ebb. $4.95. story, but it is also the story of the long pl rifle and the part it played in America's DPl. THE HISTORY OF THE SANTEE settlement and struggle for freedom. CANAL. Published by the late Professor $3.40. DKl. AGAINST TOMORROW. By Star­ F.A. Porcher. Reprinted by the Berkeley nell Kilgore. An intensely interesting and Tricentennial Committee. Paper.$1. D fast-moving story of a young Britisher, Sir C John Lawrence, who came to America in H CRl. THE HISTORY OF SOUTH CARO· 1772 at the age of 19 after the death of LINA. New Tricentennial Edition. By his parents. Illustrations by the author, D22. CALL OF THE BIG EASTATOE. Mary C. Simms Oliphant, Mary C. Simms with a foreword by W. Edwin Hemphill. By Mrs. Enoch Smith Sr. Hundreds of Oliphant Furman and W. Gilmore Simms Miss Kilgore wrote this book when she books have been written about the rivers D Oliphant. $4.50. was 12 years of age. $4.75. of the world which hold a magnetic L! charm for the people whose lifes are en­ D twined with them. None is more fascinat· w ing than Call of the Big Eastatoe, a histor­ m DLI. "MISS MINNIE." By Helen W. Lan­ DHl. LORD ASHLEY COOPER'S DIC· ical romance written about this large, w ford. This book tells of life as it was in TIONARY OF CHARLESTONESE. river-like creek which flows through the the old South at the turn of the century. Compiled for the News and Courier. mountains of northwestern South Caro­ $ Paper. $2.50. Paper. $.25. lina. $8.95.

D D02. ANDY JACKSON: BOY SOL· n 0 . DIER. By Augusta Stevenson. $2.75. s. BOOKS FROM SANDLAPPER PRESS, INC. ll1 DJl. SOUTH CAROLINA: A GUIDE TO THE PALMETTO STATE. American SAL SANDLAPPER 1968. $15. Guide Series compiled by workers of the D Writers' Program of the Work Projects SA2. ADVENTURES IN SOUTH CAROLINA. Text by Linda Hirshmann, s b, Administration in the state of South drawings by Sharon Applebaum. $1.25. gr Carolina. $8.50. SA3. HOME BY THE RIVER. By Archibald Rutledge. $10. 0 R SA4. BATTLEGROUND OF FREEDOM: SOUTH CAROLINA IN THE ti1 HISTORY, HISTORICAL FICTION REVOLUTION. By Nat and Sam Hilborn. $20. SA5. FROM STOLNOY TO SPARTANBURG: THE TWO WORLDS OF A E6. A SEA ISLAND LADY. By Francis FORMER RUSSIAN PRINCESS. By Marie Gagarine. $6.95. D Griswold. A novel of a New England girl 0 who went south at the end of the Civil SA6. SOUTH CAROLINA-A SYNOPTIC HISTORY FOR LAYMEN. By War. The setting is Beaufort and the sea Lewis P. Jones. $3.95. ar islands nearby. Recently reprinted. 964 a1 pages. $9.95. cl

70 Sand lap per BONUS BOOKS For each $5 in purchaaes of other books on theae pages you can buy one of the bonus books below at the special price shown: • AS7. UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CARO­ LINA, Vol. I: SOUTH CAROLINA COL­ BOOKSTORE LEGE, 1801-1865. By Daniel Walker Hollia. (Reg. $6.95 ). Special $1. AS8. Vol. Il: COLLEGE TO UNIVER· INDIANS SITY, 1865-1966. By Daniel Walker Hollis. (Reg. $5.96 ). Special $1. BG2. THE CATAWBA NATION. By 87. THE NEW SOUTH-GREENVILLE, Charles M. Hudson. A reconstruction of S.C. By Kenneth and Blanche Marsh. BIOGRAPHY the history of the Catawba Indians, con­ (Reg. $9.60). Special $8. centrating on their external relations and D4. 'r'BB CAROLINA•CLBMSON "{, examining the manner in which this his­ GAMB: 1896-1966. By Don Barton. S- DNl. BUCKSHOT AND HOUNDS. By tory is remembered today. Paper. $3. -(lw. $6.)Speclal $3. n- Chapman J. Milling. Describes the deer U. THE SERPENT W.AS A SALES- drive as it has been practiced in the • By Zan Heyward. (Rej. $2.60). Southern portions of the U.S. since $1. colonial times. Dr. Milling is a practicing BG3. CHEROKEES OF THE OLD physician in Columbia. $4.95. SOUTH. By Henry T. Malone. The tragic history of the Cherokees has been chron­ :E *YOU MAY ORDER ANY ITEM THAT ::>r icled extensively, but until now the em­ HAS BEEN ADVERTISED EARLIER IN !Y phasis has been on political aspects. This DQl. 1880 CENSUS OF HORRY book deals mainly with the social devel­ THE SANDLAPPER BOOKSTORE: COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA. By the opment of the Cherokees. $4.50. Horry County Historical Society. $10. 0BG2 $ 3.00 0DC4 $ 1.75 Oov1 $ 3.95 0BG3 $ 4.so Docs $ 1.50 0 E6 $ 9.95 I ,. 0BG4 $ 1.00 OoFI $ 6.95 0SA1 $15.00 ,f BG4. LAWS OF THE CREEK NATION. 0BQ1 $ 4.95 0DH1 $ .25 0SA2 $ 1.25 '.S D23. ECHOES FROM A WELL SPENT Edited by Antonio J. Waring. A small vol­ 0CN2 $10.00 C LIFE. By Inez Bacoats. The biography of ume containing the unpublished laws of $ 3.00 0DJ1 $ 8.50 0SA3 I· Dr. John Alvin Bacoats, told by the one the Creek Nation. Paper. $1. 0CP1 $ 1.00 0DK1 $ 4.75 0SA4 $20.00 t- who knew him best. This is a profile of a 0CQ3 $ 3.40 Dou $ 2.50 0SA5 $ 6.95 man who made his life count, of a man OCR! $ 4.50 0oNL $ 4.95 0SA6 $ 3.95 who was ahead of the times, a person of 0cZ7 $ 3.25 0002 $ 2.75 e vision and a crusader of righteousness. ,- $4.95. DEVOTIONALS 0022 $ 8.95 0DP1 $ 1.00 BONUS BOOKS by Dr. Wallace Friday 0023 $ 4.95 ODQl $10.00 0A37 $ 1.00 0AJ8 $ 1.00 Ooc1 $ 2.75 0DT1 $ 1.00 0B7 $ 3.00 004 $ 3.00 DUl. JOY COMETH IN THE MORN­ Ooc2 $ 2.00 0DT2 $ 5.00 0012 S 1.00 ING. By Mary Cullum Pruitt. The story DC 1. DEVOTIONS FOR PERSONAL 0DC3 $ 2.2s Oou1 $10.00 of Mrs. Cullum's life with her husband AND GROUP RENEWAL. $2.75. Sam, who was a dedicated physician and Total for books above $--- missionary. $10. DC2. MEDITATIONS FOR ADULTS. $2.

DC3. A LAMP UNTO MY FEET. $2.25. Tota I for bonus books $,--­ DVl. THE BOBBY RICHARDSON STORY. By Bobby Richardson. This DC4. ADULT DEVOTIONS. $1.75. Grand total .$--- book is his own story of how he made the 4 r0 S. C . sales tax for orders to grade in professional baseball and of some DC5. DEVOTIONS FOR ADULT residents of S. C. $----- of the lessons life has taught him. Mr. GROUPS. $1.50. 25 cents postage and handling for Richardson is now head baseball coach at EACH book or print purchased .. $----- the University of South Carolina. $3.95. Name------

RECORDS Address------DFl. PILOT'S CHOICE: A SOARING ODYSSEY. By Gren Seibels. A delightful City State--- Zip-- DT2. THE SOCIETY FOR THE PRES­ and subtly witty account of the author's ERVATION OF SPIRITUALS. A record­ ( If you do not want to clip this coupon from adventures in soaring-from his initial en­ ing of one of the concerts this society the magazine, please record the basic informa­ counter to national competition. $6.95. performs each year. $5. tion on a separate sheet of paper.)

May-June 1971 71 THE BEST LOVED AND MOST POPULAR OF ALL GARDEN FLOWERS ROSES CAN BE GROWN ' ALMOST ANYWHERE AND ARE UNSURPASSED AS A CUT FLOWER.

By Albert P. Hout

ifferent varieties of roses may be prominent types of bush roses are grown singly or in borders, on hybrid tea, floribunda, grandiflora, Darbors and trellises, and as bed- polyantha, hybrid perpetual, shrub, ding plants and hedges. Many new standard and miniature. varieties are developed and intro­ Climbing roses, often trained on duced each year, and both old and fences or trellises, are as hardy as new varieties are available in a wide bush roses, and like bush roses they range of colors and shapes. are grouped into several types. A The steps necessary for success­ general rose catalog would list the ful rose growing are: buy vigorous following types of climbing roses: plants, select a sunny planting site ramblers, large-flowered climbers, and prepare beds well, water fre­ climbing hybrid teas, everblooming quently, cut flowers carefully, and climbers, climbing polyanthas, prune the plants every year. climbing florabundas and trailing Roses can be divided into two roses. main classes-bush roses and climb­ Rose plants should be bought ing roses, although there is much from reputable sources. Local overlapping between the types. nurseries and garden centers, retail Full-grown bush roses are from stores, supermarkets and depart­ one to six feet high and require no ment stores are all good sources if support. Climbing roses produce their stock has been kept dormant long canes that must be supported and protected from drying. Mail­ (unless they have been planted for order houses also offer a good se­ use such as covering banks to help lection of high-quality plants. Most hold soil in place). of these organizations will send a Bush roses are grouped according catalog listing the plants that they to their flowering habits, hardiness sell, and will even guarantee that and other traits. Some of the more their plants will grow and bloom if

72 Sand lapper spading the soil to a depth of about 12 inches, then dig planting holes in the prepared bed. Any good soil will produce good roses. If your grass and other plants are healthy and green, chances are that your soil in its present con­ dition will need no special prepara­ tion. However, if your soil lacks fer­ tility, it may be improved by add­ ing organic mattei---peat moss, leaf mold or manure. Manure is best, and dehydrated cow manure is available in garden supply stores. If you use manure, add about a half pound of superphosphate to each bushel. Spread a layer of organic matter two to four inches deep over the spaded bed and work it into the soil to spade depth. If you dig your holes from un­ prepared soil, mix the soil from the holes with organic matter. A good formula for preparing soil is one part of peat moss or leaf mold to four parts of soil, or one part of manure to six parts of soil. Mix thoroughly. Prepare your beds or dig holes well in advance of plant­ ing so you can set out the plants as -Photo by Albert P. Hout soon as they are received. Unless plants are frozen when they are delivered, unpack them at once. If they are frozen, store them given normal care. their leaves will remain wet longer where they can thaw gradually. For help in deciding which of the from overnight dew. This moisture Before planting, inspect the roots many varieties ofroses you will buy, makes the plants more susceptible for drying; if they are dry, soak collect several catalogs. The vari­ to leaf diseases. them in water for an hour or two, eties offered are so wide that you Packaged roses may be planted in then plant them immediately. If will easily be able to find the ones South Carolina in fall or spring, but you cannot plant them right away, which interest you. Members of roses that are planted in containers moisten the packing material and local garden clubs and rose societies can be transplanted anytime from repack them. Plants can be kept are invaluable sources of specific in­ spring to fall. this way for a day or two. If they formation regarding the varieties Space hybrid teas, grandifloras, will not be planted for more than that will do well in your locality. polyanthas and floribundas about two days, heel them in. (Place them Roses do best where they have three feet apart, hybrid perpetuals in a trench and cover the roots with full sunshine all day; but they will three to five feet apart, climbers moist soil; if you are planting grow satisfactorily if they have at from 8 to 10 feet apart. climbers and the canes are dry, least six hours of sun daily. If you If only a few roses are to be cover them with soil, too.) must plant them where they are planted, dig individual holes about When you are ready to set them shaded part of the day, select a site a foot deep and a foot and a half in out, carefully inspect the roots and where they will have morning sun. diameter. When planting a large cut off all dead or injured growth. If plants are shaded in the morning, number of roses, prepare a bed by Remove broken or dead canes if

May-June 1971 73 veloped by fall. Some flowers may MILDRED THE BEAR then be cut. If you do cut flowers during the first season, cut them with very SAYS / '' short stems only. The removal of foliage and flowers on long stems I / during the early stages of growth robs the plant of its food-making / capacity. ;/ Even when plants are well estab­ lished, it is not wise to cut stems any longer than are needed. Always leave at least two leaves between the cut and the main stem. Roses that are cut just before the petals start to unfold will continue to open normally and will remain in good condition longer than if they are cut after they are fully open. The best time to cut roses, inci­ dentally, is in late afternoon. Prune roses annually after they have been established to improve their appearance and help control the quantity and quality of the blossoms. If roses are not pruned, they will soon become a patch of brambles with small flowers of poor quality. Rose pruning is not diffi­ necessary. Canes can be cut back to fore applying mulches. Spread the cult. Use sharp tools. A fine­ 12 inches in length. Move the plants mulch evenly around the plants to a toothed saw should be used for to the planting site with their roots depth of two or three inches. Keep cutting canes. All other pruning can in a bucket of water, or coat the the mulch on throughout the year be done with shears. roots with a thin clay mud and and add new mulch as it becomes Prune bush roses in early spring keep them covered in wet burlap. thin and settles about the plants. before growth starts. Remove all Place a small cone-shaped pile of Roses need large amounts of dead wood and weak growth and soil in the center of the planting water, so soak the soil thoroughly any canes or branches that are hole, then build up or remove the to a depth of 8 or 10 inches. Direct growing toward the center of the top of the cone until the bud union a small, slow-moving stream from a plant. If two branches cross, prune is at ground level or slightly below garden hose around the bases of the the weaker. Finally, shape the plant it. Carefully work the soil around plants. by cutting the strong canes to a uni­ the roots so that all of them are in For larger blossoms or single­ form height. In South Carolina contact with the soil. When the stem roses, disbud the plants when plants can be pruned to a height of roots have been covered, add water the buds are very small. Remove all 24 to 30 inches. to help settle the soil around the but the terminal bud on each stem. Shrub and climbing roses should roots. Fill the hole with dirt. The terminal bud will then develop be pruned just after they have Mound the soil 8 to 10 inches high into a larger flower. Remember, the flowered. Shrub roses do not need around the canes. more buds you remove, the larger shaping for they are most attractive Use a mulch to control weeds, the remaining flowers will be. when they are allowed to develop conserve moisture and add fertility. One of the benefits of rose grow­ their natural shape. Pruning climb­ Some effective mulching materials ing is having a supply of cut ing roses just after they have flow­ are peat, ground corncobs, ground flowers. Always use sharp tools to ered will stimulate new cane growth tobacco stems, buckwheat and cut flowers as breaking or twisting and will aid in the development of cottonseed hulls, and well-rotted off flowers damages the remaining new laterals which will bear next manure. wood. It is best not to cut any year's blossoms. Apply mulches about a month flowers during the first season of before the roses bloom. Remove all bloom. If early flowers are not cut, Albert P. Hout is a free-lance writer weeds and rake the soil lightly be- the plants will usually be well de- from Appomattox, Virginia.

74 Sand lap per FEATURE THIS MONTH:

ROUT AT COWPENS By Lucien Agniel The battle, which lasted less than an hour, was a significant link in the chain of victories leading to American independence. By LUCIEN AGNIEL ROUT AT COWPENS

11 the preparations were behind them. yards from the position at which Tarleton Daniel Morgan's call to the "boys" to could first see the field of battle, Morgan A get up had probably been made before posted his seasoned veterans-450 Maryland 6 a.m. and the boys had formed up in their and Delaware Continentals under the positions after eating a hearty breakfast, command of Col. John Eager Howard. prudently cooked the night before. Down the hill, another 150 yards on the What had happened between 6 and 7 had been very orderly in Morgan's encampment. The general's battlefield lay to the right and left of the old Mill Gap Road. The ground was Commander of the British Legion, Banastre undulating. There were two little knolls atop Tarleton, or "Bloody Ban," was toasted as a the ridge along which this road ran. hero upon his return to England. Part of his On the crest of the slope, about 1,000 image, however, was based on exaggeration.

Cowpens: As the sun rose on January 17, gan had to restrain his men from firing too 1781, the British cavalry advanced, and Mor- soon. The battle lasted less than an hour.

Gen. John Eager Howard, from Maryland, distinguished himself at Cowpens for his skill and bravery. Wrote Col. "Light-Horse Harry" Lee: "[He] was invariably employed in that line, and was always to be found where the battle raged, pressing into close action to wrestle with fixed bayonets."

Opposite: Patriots versus dragoons at Cowpens. The central equestrian is supposed to be Col. William Washington.

open slope, Morgan deployed the 300 militia­ horseback under the command of Lt. James men from the Carolinas under Col. Andrew McCall. Much had been made of "Bloody" Pickens. Morgan trusted Pickens, and the skill Tarleton's superior cavalry force. Now of Pickens to get the most from these men, Morgan was cutting the margin of superiority many of whom were expert marksmen. These by putting foot soldiers on horseback. were mostly infantrymen, spread out in a thin The American plan of battle, laboriously line, a yard or two apart. They were down in and intricately explained to every single man the tall grass, prone, behind rocks, bushes and by the officers, was beautiful in its overall trees-and difficult to spot at long range. simplicity. The skirmish line, out front in the Still farther down the slope, again in tall grass, was to wait until the first onslaught, positions protected only by concealment take two shots, then fall back and join the rather than cover, Morgan put his skirmish line of Andrew Pickens. This reinforced body line, some 150 Georgians and North Caro­ again was to wait until the attacking force got linians, under the command of two able within range, take a couple of shots, then majors-John Cunningham and Charles retire in good order, moving laterally to the McDowell. Behind everything, including his left around the main body of Continentals own command post, Daniel Morgan prepared further up the hill-while continuing to a little surprise for the British. Here were provide flanking fire. In a sense, then, the less stationed Col. William Washington and his 80 experienced troops would fall into a reserve cavalrymen-augmented by 45 Georgia position, to support colonels Howard and infantrymen who had volunteered to fight on Washington if the British seemed likely to

78 Sand lap per overrun the main line. tree line. "The Green Horse" in their brass By 6:30 a.m., all was in readiness. It was helmets cantered to the edge of the woods. deathly quiet on the forward slope. All Tarleton himself rode out into the clearing eyes peered toward the tree line whence and a long line of Redcoats formed behind Tarleton would emerge. Perhaps Morgan him as he surveyed what awaited him on the thought it a bit too quiet. To break the spell, open slope. he is reported to have bellowed an obvious Tarleton liked what he saw. With typical question at the men: "Are you ready to verve-and with no pause despite the long fight?" march, Tarleton deployed his forces. The 7th "Yes," came the reply in roaring unison. Regiment took the left. The kilted High­ The Old Wagoner was reassured. His human landers and about 200 of the cavalry were chess pieces were on the board. held in reserve. About 50 dragoons were sent Banny was coming, all right, stumbling to each flank. The "grasshoppers" were in the through the darkness. At first light, the boys center, slightly to the left. Tarleton quickly in the Patriot line of skirmishers whispered checked his line. By the light of the breaking excitedly. The British could be seen in the (Continued on page 88)

May-June 1971 79 Remember the old days EVENTS when telephones looked like this? All activities to be considered for the Calendar of Events must be sent directly to the Events Editor, Sand­ lapper Press, Inc., P.O. Box 1668, Columbia, South Carolina 29202, no later than 45 days prior to the Telephones and first of the month in which the telephone services have activity will occur. come a long way. So has South Carolina. We 're proud to share with you in helping dance to further the growth of the Palmetto State. And we MAY look forward to continued 7-8 progress together. CHARLESTON-Municipal Auditorium­ Charleston Civic Ballet: "An Evening of Ballet." @ Southern Bell 16 BEAUFORT-Byrne Miller Dance Theatre­ "Samson." COLUMBIA-Columbia College-30th Annual Carolina Ballet_ . c1ncn1a ADVENTURES IN MAY 8 SPARTANBURG-Converse College-Suddenly Last Summer. SOUTH CAROLINA 22 SPARTANBURG-Converse College-Born Free. ADVENTURES IN SOUTH CAROLINA . History is enlivened for youngsters ll1US1C in this new educational coloring book published by Sandlapper Press, Inc. MAY 1 Copies are $1.25 plus 25 cents post­ COLUMBIA- Dreher High Auditorium-Colum­ age and handling (S.C. residents bia Philharmonic Orchestra with Richard add 4% sales tax.) Mail orders to Burgin, Guest Conductor, and John Wil­ Sandlapper Press, Inc., P.O. Box liams, Pianist. 1668, Columbia, S.C. 29202. 1-5 SPARTANBURG- Converse College-Spring SI.ZS A PU&LICATION Of Music Festival. u.ndltpperpress.il'ICo 2 GREENVILLE- Furman University-Band Con­ cert. GREENWOOD-First Baptist Church-Univer­ sity of South Carolina Concert Choir: Faure "Requiem."

80 Sand lapper 3 GREENVILLE- Westminster Presbyterian Church- American Guild of Organists Re· cital by William Whitehead.

SP A RTANBURG- Converse College - Spartan· burg Symphony with Jean Casedesus, Pianist. 4 COLUMBIA-University of South Carolina­ George Shirley, Tenor. 5 COLUMBIA-University of South Carolina­ Adib Fazah, Baritone. 6 COLUMBIA- University of South Carolina­ USC Orchestra with Concerto-Aria Winners. SPARTANBURG-Memorial Auditorium - USC Band Concert. 7 COLUMBIA- University of South Carolina­ Man does not live by golf alone. Even on majestic Hilton Head Island. USC Men's Glee Club Concert. That's why our Golfer's Special includes everything you need to turn in your top score. It includes a sumptuous breakfast and gourmet dinner, 9 lodging in your own private Golf Villa, and unlimited golf. COLUMBIA- University of South Carolina­ The golf is superb, too. Eighteen holes of exciting challenge. The only USC String Quartet Concert. Robert Trent Jones course on the Island. All this for only $29 a day, double occupancy. 10 Send for information, and plan a Golfer's Special at Palmetto Dunes FLORENCE- West High School-Florence soon. For your stomach's sake. Symphony "Pops" Concert. 11 PALl\l.[E'T"TO DUNES I CLINTON - Presbyterian College - Folk Festival. Phone (802) 785-2141. Or write Dept. 174, P.O. Box 5008, Hilton Head Island, S.C. 29928. ~ 14 GREENVILLE- Furman University - Furman Orchestra, Concert Choir and Singers: Brahms' "Requiem." 15 Jack SPARTANBURG- Parade of (Barbershop) Quartets. 16 COLUMBIA-University of South Carolina­ Rabbit Choral Festival. 20 Company ... CLINTON - Presbyterian College - Spring Choral Concert. 23 A Carolina Institution COLUMBIA-Trinity Episcopal Church- Trin­ ity Church Choir: Vivaldi's "Gloria."

24 We have been processing film since 1920 for SPARTANBURG- Wofford College- Band Con­ people all across the U.S.A. Why not send us cert. your film today for the finest quality prints, mov­ 25 GREENVILLE- Furman University- Greenville ies and slides at the lowest prices. For complete Civic Chorale and Greenville Civic Ballet: price list and free mailing . :i -~ ·" Menotti's The Unicorn. envelope, write to: -~ -.. -. .i;.;··· 28, June 1 ~ .&'-' - ~i~ ~ - ' - ~ GREENVILLE- Bob Jones University-Bob Jones University Orchestra, Oratorio So· J@e& &ctJ/J;~]? ciety and Opera Association: Commence­ Spartanburg, S. C. 29301 ment Concert. Since 1920 a Carolina Institution 30 FRIPP ISLAND- Fripp Island Jazz Concert.

May-June 1971 81 Through May 31 AIKEN-USC Regional Campus-Paintings by Simon Legare theatre Truman Teed. COLUMBIA-Allen University-Faculty Art Ex­ enjoyed MAY hibit. "Old Slave Mart Confections" 1 GREENVILLE-Furman University-Senior Ex­ (and so will you!) ORANGEBURG-South Carolina State Col­ hibits. Especially .. . lege-National Invitational Secondary GREENVILLE-Peoples National Bank-Hal Peach Leather .. . Speech and Drama Festival. Bryant, One-man Show. 1 Benne Cheese .. . 1, 4-8 SPARTANBURG-Converse College Fence­ and Benne Celery Stalks COLUMBIA-Town Theatre-Waltz of the Spartanburg Art Association Statewide Made from Toreadors. Juried Sidewalk Art Show. 1, 6-9 Authentic Old Slave Recipes 1-8 ANDERSON-Anderson Community Theatre­ When in Charleston, stop by for COLUMBIA-Richland Mall-Artists Guild of Bye, Bye, Birdie. free samples. Or, write for free Columbia Sidewalk Show. 3-4, 6 brochure. Retail and Wholesale. 2-30 ORANGEBURG-White Hall Auditorium­ Perfect business or personal gifts. COLUMBIA-Museum of Art-Landscapes: Bar­ World-wide mailing service. Fanny. clay Sheaks. 4-8 "Uniquely Charleston" 3 SUMTER-Sumter Little Theatre-Bells Are COLUMBIA-University of South Carolina­ Ringing. Annual USC Art Auction. 5-6 4-31 GREENWOOD-Lander College-West Side COLUMBIA-Havens Gallery-Steve Nevitt, Story. Prints and Photo Etchings; and Tom Turner, 8 Pottery. CLINTON-Presbyterian College-Cinderella. -0~ 8-30 11-15, 18-22, 25-29 Unusual Candies and Confections SPARTANBURG-The Gallery-Donald Mc­ GREENVILLE-Greenville Little Theatre-Man since 1882 Adoo, One-man Show. of La Mancha. 82 Wentworth St., 9-28 Charleston, S.C. 29401 13-15 WEST COLUMBIA-Sandlapper Gallery-Pete COLUMBIA-University of South Carolina­ Przekop, One-man Show. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead. 9-30 SPARTANBURG-Spartanburg Little CHARLESTON-Gibbes Art Gallery-Springs Theatre-Aesop's Fa/ables. Mills Traveling Art Show. 13-15, 18-22 GREENVILLE-Greenville County Museum of GREENVILLE-Furman University-Anouihl's Art-South Carolina Association of Schools Antigone. of Art Invitational Traveling Exhibition. 9-31 GREENVILLE-Greenville County Museum of I Art-"American Drawings and Watercolors." art 10-28 COLUMBIA-University of South Carolina­ RESIDENTIAL USC Undergraduate Student Exhibition. MAY 11-23 Through May 2 COLUMBIA-Museum of Art-Richland Art SALES AND RENTALS GREENVILLE- Greenville County Museum of School Festival. Art-"Southern Sculpture '70." 11-30 SPARTANBURG-The Gallery-Anne Worsham SPARTANBURG-The Arts Center-Jeanet COMMERCIAL PROPERTIES Richardson, Watercolors and Prints. Dreskin, One-man Show. 11-31 Through May 7 MONCKS CORNER-Berkeley County Li­ Member of COLUMBIA- University of South Carolina­ brary-State Arts Collection. Cicero Paintings, One-man Show. Multiple 12-June 2 f'LORENCE- Florence Museum - 18th Pee Dee COLUMBIA-Museum of Art-"Goldsmith Listing Regional, Eastern South Carolina Art. '70." Service Through May 15 JUNE DUE WEST- Erskine College-"Artists, Authors 4-6 1400 Laurens Road and Actors," Original Prints from George MYRTLE BEACH- Convention Center-Myrtle Box 8244 - Station A Binet Print Collection. Beach Spring Arts and Crafts Show. Phone 803 - 239- 1346 Through May 16 6-25 Greenville, South Carolina 29607 COLUMBIA-Museum of Art-American Paint­ WEST COLUMBIA-Sandlapper Gallery-Olivia ing: 1900-1950. Jackson McGee, One-man Show.

82 Sandlapper Watch for ...

The Opening of he Sandia per Gal ery and Boo store

in the newly renovated A A E Building at the Corner of Main and Washington streets in Columbia

A downtown location to serve you better. o VISUAL SANDLAPPER AUDIONISUAL SANDLAPPER AUDIONISUAL SANDLAPPER 0 ~ 111isce llaneous MAY Through May 2 i PAY I AUGUSTA- First Augusta Arts Festival. Through May 31 CLINTON-Presbyterian College-5th Annual Festival of Arts. Through July 4 ;~ ATTENTION ! ! !~ SANTEE-COOPER - Santee-Cooper World's 0 ~ Championship Landlocked Striped Bass § .... but often nobody does! ~ Fishing Derby. <( If your communications are going over like a lead o Through October 31 ffi balloon, call SANDLAPPER A/V for help. o CHARLESTON-5th Annual Charleston Tri­ ~ < <( 1ii dent Fishing Tournament. ~ C 1-2 ~ Business and organization executives generally ~ ;;i agree that one of the biggest roadblocks to success SANTEE- Wings and Wheels-3rd Annual An­ Vl tique Aircraft Foundation Fly-In. ~ is the problem of COMMUNICATIONS ... "get- ~ z 2 ~ ting through to people." SANDLAPPER AUDIO/ 0 I"' DARLINGTON- Rebel 400 Stock Car Race. ~ VISUAL, INC., specializes in converting ideas and ~ ~ MYRTLE BEACH-Myrtle Beach Kennel Club o concepts to a variety of audio and/or visual m~ All Breed and Obedience Fun Match. § frameworks in order to best achieve: INTEREST, :n ~ 2-8 <( UNDERSTANDING and ACCEPTABILITY. C MYRTLE BEACH-GRAND STRAND-Grand a: 0 w 11. 0 Strand Spring Fling. 11. <( < 5 ~ WHEN YOU NEED AUDIO/VISUAL MATE­ Vl 0 C KINGSTREE - Williamsburg Regional Man­ z ~ <( RIAL ... TURN TO THE SHOP THAT CAN I"' power Training Center Dedication. Vl PRODUCE IT ALL UNDER ONE ROOF, AT 6-9 ~ <( LOW COST!! A total of 39 years of audio and ~ GREENVILLE-Arts Festival. ::::, z Vl 0 8-9 visual experience are yours at SANDLAPPER I"' ~ CHARLESTON-Municipal Auditorium- South ~ AUDIO/VISUAL, INC. ~ 0 ~ Carolina Arms Collectors Exhibition. 0 m ::::, :n MYRTLE BEACH-Public Service Authority <( ~ Auditorium- Myrtle Beach Spring Flower a: C w 0 Show. 11. 0 11. SANTEE- Wings and Wheels-2nd Annual San­ <( < ~ 1ii tee Antique Automobile Meet and Show. 0 C z ~ 14-16 ;;i I"' GREENVILLE-Camp Burgiss Glen- Annual ~ Bird-Wildflower Weekend. <( ~ ::::, z 15 Vl 0 I"' ~ CHARLESTON, COLUMBIA, PARRIS IS­ ~ ~ 0 ~ LAND- Armed Forces Day Observances. 0 m ::::, :n 15-17 <( ~ COLUMBIA - Township Auditorium- Nelson a: C w 0 Garrett Antique Show and Sale. 11. 11. 0 18 <( ~ < GEORGETOWN-Rice Museum Natal Day 0 1ii z C (commemorating the museum's fust anni­ <( ~ Vl I"' versary). ~ Vl 21-22 <( ~ ::::, z GEORGETOWN-4th Annual Georgetown Bill­ Vl 0 I"' fish Tournament. > ~ ~ 22-23 0 ~ 0 m ::::, :n SANTEE-Wings and Wheels-3rd Annual An­ <( ~ tique Aircraft Association's Fly-In. a: C w 0 23 11. 11. 0 GREENVILLE- Greenville County Museum of <( ~ < Art- Junior League Puppeteers Program. 0 1ii z C 23-29 ~ ;;i SANDLAPPER AUDIONISUAL SANDLAPPER AUDIONISUAL SANDLAPPER AUDIO r- SUMTER- Iris Festival.

84 Sand lapper 29 MYRTLE BEACH-Convention Center- Myrtle Beach Square Dance Festival. 29-30 HILTON HEAD-Harbour Town Courts-Sea Pines Invitational Tennis Matches. 29-31 MYRTLE BEACH-Trap and Skeet Oub- Great Southern Regional Championship Open Skeet Shoot. 31 MYRTLE BEACH- 3rd Annual George Holli­ day Memorial Junior Golf Tournament. JUNE 5-6 S~l!D SANTEE-Wings and Wheels-2nd Annual Ex­ perimental Aircraft Association's Fly-In and Air Show. 6 EUTAWVILLE-Swamp Fox Boat and Rescue Squad Annual Water Sport Show. PATTE~NS 10 NORTH MYRTLE BEACH-Sun Fun and Sand Castle Contest. FOR NEEDLEWORK 10-13 MYRTLE BEACH-Sun Fun Festival. 15-18 AND TILEWORK NORTH MYRTLE BEACH - Surf Golf and Beach Oub, Robbers Roost Golf Oub­ ·-. ~---·-, ,,.~-· ., N a tio n al Association of Left-Handed ,/{ ~ - - ·' r'( ~ ~ "/ Golfers Championship. 1~• ' l'"IP' -' 19-20 CLEMSON- Keowee Bowmen Range-South­ i._J,•-__.i_· .• ___ .__ r) _ ___,, .,,.•___ --_-_·_---_-·.-·.1 ___·1··------_-_---- : .. ---·~---- •.· _···,111111 1 eastern Sectional Archery Tournament. --_1__-_- ____-__ -·_· __ •_-_--_-_·____ ---_-_"-_--_- __ "'__ rr~~ ~j cr\.iy} ..,, ~i:jr __ r:crr. ·JW~ ~I1 26 J ESTILL- Hampton Watermelon Festival. 1:\_Lt-""~ :~2BJ;~..t_\ CHARLESTON-Middleton Place Gardens and ~1 f..r'' ,, Plantation Stableyards-Arthur Middleton . • . Birthday Celebration. 26-27 BEAUFORT - Beaufort Yacht and Sailing Oub-Annual Sea Island Sailing Regatta. - ' 28-July 5 A full-color Carolina Gamecock, Citadel Bulldog and MYRTLE BEACH-Myrtle Beach Pavilion­ Clemson Tiger are each reproduced on scaled paper Holiday Jamboree. (approximately 22" x 27"), and ready for the do-it­ 29-30 yourselfer interested in creating an unusual accent for LEXINGTON- Country Club of Lexington- personal use or for the home. 4th Annual Peach Festival Pro-Amateur Whether it be a pocketbook, chair seat cover, rug, Golf Tournament. plaque, card table cover, tote bag, wastebasket cover, wall hanging, tile top table, or any one of scores of needlework and tilework applications, these patterns by Adalee Winter offer interesting creative possibilities. horse sho\vs A how-to-do-it instruction booklet illustrated with profuse drawings that will make even a novice an accom­ plished needleworker has also been prepared by Mrs. MAY Winter. 1 Patterns of the Gamecock, Bulldog and Tiger are FLO REN CE-Eastern Carolina Fairgrounds- $2.00 each. The needlework instruction booklet is $1.00 Enclose 25 cents postage and handling charge for each 8th Annual Florence County Horse Show. order to be shipped to separate addresses. South Caro­ GEORGETOWN - Georgetown Saddle Club lina residents please add 4% sales tax. Grounds-7th Annual Georgetown Horse Send orders to Sandlapper Press, Inc., Box 1668, Show. Columbia, S.C. 29202. 7-8 ROCK HILL-York County Horse Show.

May-June 1971 85 22-23 HILTON HEAD- Sea Pines Horse Show. May 9-28 Deliciously 15 LOWER RICHLAND-AAAA Horse Show. PETE PRZEKOP A reception will honor the artist Different . .. 21-22 FLORENCE-Florence County Horse Show. on May 9, 2-6 p.m.

22 UNION-Union County Stadium- Union tary Club Horse Show. 29 -0~ HEMINGWAY-Lawri Wood Farms Arena­ - Made in Charleston since 1882- Lower State Registered Appaloosa and World-famous Benne-seed Open Horse Show. confections NORTH-AA Horse Show. • BENNE COOKIES • • BENNE CANDIES• • Including CHIPS • • STICKS • DROPS • Plus . .. Stephan 's Candies & "Old Slave Mart Confections" When in Charleston, visit our old-fashioned candy store for free samples ... take home a little bit of "Olde Charles Town." --0~ 82 WENTWORTH STREET. SANDLAPPER GALLERY CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA U.S. 378 W. COLUMBIA, S.C. P.O. BOX 1668 COLUMBIA, S.C. 29202 JUNE 5 TELEPHONE UNZIPPED ABBEVILLE-Abbeville County Shrine Club (803) 796-2686 Horse Show. 12-13 MYRTLE BEACH-Annual Sun Fun Horse MAil Show. 19 BENNETTSVILLE- Bennettsville High School Grounds- Annual Marlboro Shrine Club Horse Show. IS McCORMICK-American Legion AAA Horse Show. 20-21 WESTMINSTER- Westminster Jaycee AQHA TROUBLE Horse Show.

Wherever an unzipped letter goes, trouble follows. Extra steps in the sorting opera­ A reception will honor the artist tions. Extra stops along the on June 6, 2-6 p.m. way. Don't hold up mail serv­ OLIVIA McGEE ice. Use ZIP. June 6-25 -l€,.1tT1s/ ~m-i.o Advertising contributed I for the public good. <'ouMc."'• 86 Sand lap per A LOCK OF ANDREW JACKSON'S HAIR RETURNS TO LANCASTER COUNTY By Viola C. Floyd

small silvery lock of Andrew Jackson's hair, a gift of Mrs. AJ.M. Beckham and her late hus­ band, is on display in the Andrew Jackson Park Museum in Lancaster r._;J:U,, ... )!,,L,;,, County. ~-·'V t:t.t..- ,i,-~ ..... ;f,-v.L, n~ '[l ...... _ t'~. ~ Natchez, Mississippi. Mrs. Martin -z-:, u.~ ,.;,c.., .u,.t,q H-' - ~M~J..,'4.-./1,.,,,, 0 gave the wisp of hair from the . +::-!1 /·T v;,-~r ~ t,...(,, -~.:~"-4. ., t'.il-, -:i.. ',.1/..i~ r;... ,., l-l ,(, ,l..( __ brooch to her cousin, Mrs. Lisa ,1.L..,:.l, J' #< . .(..tfl-£:.., I.., ~ . Davis, who, in turn, sold it to the Beckhams for use in the Jackson Park. The fad of weaving human hair into rings and brooches dates back to Samuel Pepys' death in 1703, at which time 125 mourning rings were made from his hair and given to friends at his funeral as remem­ brances. When hair jewelry made its -Photo by Lavoy Studio first appearance in America about 35 years later, the fad swept the country. For over 100 years such items as mourning rings, breastpins, and sent to his widow, son, mother, Nearing her death Mrs. Macrery earrings, bracelets and sleeve but­ brothers, sisters, nephews, nieces asked her daughter to treasure the tons made from hair were quite and a cardinal. package, among whose items was popular. It became fashionable for It is not surprising then to learn the hair jewelry. Said Mrs. Martin, friends to exchange such gifts and that when Andrew Jackson re­ "She loved earrings and bracelets, the hair used was not confined to turned to New Orleans in 1840 for small trinkets and a small drum of that taken from a dead person. the 25th celebration of his victory hair that Gen. Jackson had had "Hair," according to an early there that friends requested locks made and given to Grandmother reference in Godey 's Lady's Book, of his hair. Among those whose re­ Macrery." "is the most delicate and lasting quest was granted were Dr. and The wisp of hair, finespun and material and survives us like love. It Mrs. Andrew Macrery of Natchez, grey, inspires awe in one who rea­ is so light, so gentle, almost like Mississippi. Jackson himself ordered lizes that in it survives a part of the looking into heaven when one it woven into the brooch and sent it once-dynamic Andrew Jackson, wears hair from a dead loved one." to them. Upon the death of Dr. and seventh President of the United Napoleon always wore a watch Mrs. Macrery, the brooch became States-a part that has been re­ chain made from the hair of Em­ the property of a daughter. turned to the hills that gave him press Marie Louise. In his will he Mrs. Davis, in parting with the birth. made the request that his hair be hair, reported that her aunt had cut and saved and that bracelets, said that Dr. and Mrs. Macrery had Viola Caston Floyd is a free-lance with gold clasps, be made from it treasured a package of jewelry. writer from Lancaster.

May-June 1971 87 Cowpens (Continued from page 79) Then the long rifles spoke. All the British could see were puffs of smoke rising from the dawn, Tarleton indicated he was ready and grass. Horses fell. Saddles were emptied. the British troops gave off with a mighty, Other horses reared and turned. Fifteen challenging roar. cavalrymen were down. The survivors wheeled At the top of the hill, in his command post, and raced back to Tarleton. The militia had Morgan bawled back. "They give us the done the job. Tarleton was on notice. This British halloo, boys; give them the Indian was to be no Fishing Creek. halloo, by God!" Furious and impatient, Tarleton ordered Morgan's was one of the few voices which his artillery to fire at point-blank range. could have carried all the way down to those Cannonballs commenced to ricochet around brave, unmounted men in the skirmish line. the young militiamen as, following Daniel When the voices of more than 1,000 Patriots Morgan's plan, they withdrew. Some were hit responded in the bloodcurdling yips and yells and screamed and fell, but the line moved in of the true native Americans, it may have good order back to supporting positions given His Majesty's forces pause. The British behind Col. Pickens. still hoped this engagement might prove as To Tarleton, this was the start of what he easy as some in the past, but this time, there envisioned as a general retreat by the was a difference. This time, the militia and Americans. British drums rolled. Fifes shrilled Continentals had capable leadership all the and the entire British line moved forward, way down the line. This time, for the first supported by their artillery. The British were time in a long time-there was Morgan. within 150 yards of the Pickens line when Tarleton decided to see how quickly he that taciturn American gave the order to open could dislodge the skirmishers. Impetuously, fire. he sent 50 mounted green jackets toward the It was a brisk volley. A number of Tarle­ prone Americans. Sabers flashed in the rising ton's Redcoats and several of the green-coated sun. Hoofbeats drummed up the slope. The legionnaires fell, along with some "epaulette militia held their fire until the onrushing men" -officers on whom Morgan had always cavalry became a threat to overrun them. urged that deadly aim be taken. The British regulars didn't panic. Quickly, their line was redressed. Then the militia, encouraged and exhorted by Pickens, reloaded and fired again. More Redcoats fell. But as the militia moved crab-like to the side and rear, Tarleton assumed that superior fire and superior courage had routed the enemy again. Quickly, he ordered 50 more dragoons into the fray. As they charged toward Col. Howard's main line, they overran the last of the Pickens contingent, making its lateral movement around the American left flank. There was an understandable panic and the flight of the militia further convinced Tarleton that victory was within his grasp.

Left: At Cowpens, the monument dedicated to the victors. It was erected in 1856 by the Washington Light Infantry of Charleston. Right: Tarleton assumed, upon reaching the battleground, that escape across the Broad River was Morgan's object.

88 Sand lap per

and some of his officers. One of these, Lt. Joseph Hughes, was a large man of great strength and fleetness of foot. Of him it is written: With his drawn sword he would out-run his men and passing them, face about and command them to stand, striking right and left to enforce obedience to orders; often repeating with a loud voice: "You damned cowards, halt and fight! If you don't stop and fight you'll all be killed!" Morgan, from the top of the hill, saw the British dragoons bearing down on Howard's main line. Morgan wanted no part of that, having just seen his militia turn tail, so he committed Washington's cavalry, which because of superior force drove off the dragoons smartly. Morgan was all over the place, thundering off after the fleeing militia, rounding them up, exhorting Howard to hold fast and bawling encouragement to Washing­ ton. The confusion must have appeared monumental to the advancing British line. So certain were the Redcoats of victory that they roared a fresh challenge in unison and ran up the hill to hit the main body of Continentals under Howard. Howard's veterans were as steady as Gibraltar. Each, with a knee on the ground to steady his aim, poured round after round into the advancing horde. For half an hour the two lines fought on the smoke-shrouded slope, returning volley for volley in what has been described as some of the bloodiest fighting of the Revolution. Then the two lines closed and went at it hand to hand- with bayonets. Tarleton, seeing that the issue hung in the balance, threw in his Highlanders. Howard, fearful then that his right flank would be enveloped, later explained: "I A bronze statue of Daniel Morgan dominates attempted to change the front. .. .In doing Morgan Square in downtown Spartanburg. this, some confusion ensued." Historians say he tried to get one company to face about in line at right angles with the rest of the Con­ tinentals- to ward off the Highlanders. It is generally established that some of the Instead, the story goes, that company did a militia ran fast enough to get behind right-about face and marched to the rear-a Howard's line and behind Washington's tatic which the other Continentals interpreted cavalry and all the way back to a position as the signal for a general retreat. where the horses were tethered. These, As the Continental line broke, Tarleton was despite all threats and blandishments, rode off certain he had won. So were his troops. They to live and fight another day. That these had marched all night through the swamps, constituted a small minority was due in large attacked on empty stomachs, run nearly part to bravery and resourcefulness of Morgan 1,000 yards uphill, routed three lines of

90 Sand lap per Americans and now, still running, screamed Americans dead, 12; wounded, 61. British dead, out their blood lust. 110, including one major, 13 captains, 14 lieutenants Col. Washington, who in routing the and nine ensigns. Prisoners taken: 830, including 200 wounded. Tarleton had lost nine-tenths of his at­ dragoons was now in the British rear, tacking force, and about one fourth of Lord Corn­ observed their wild assault and is said to have wallis's field force in the South. It was a staggering loss sent a message to Morgan: "They're coming from which the Briti&h never recovered. It was less on like a mob. Give them one fire and I'll than a year to Yorktown. charge them." Washington gave up only grudgingly his That is precisely what happened. Morgan effort to kill or capture Bloody Tarleton. The bawled at the Continentals to face about for fat colonel was eager, as an expression of the one fire. They did. The militia, also mustered period went, to have Tarleton's "hide in the by Morgan and his subordinates, hit the loft." Obtaining a fresh horse, Washington British from the flank. It was point-blank fire. and some of his cavalry pursued the British, Many of the Americans fired from the hip. but Banny gave them the slip. The British had no place to turn, not even to When Tarleton got back to his baggage the rear, for Washington's cavalry was upon train, he found it being looted by a group of them, screaming promises of "Tarleton's Tories. The dragoons, who had shown no Quarter!" stomach for fighting at Cowpens, efficiently Pickens was on the left, Washington hacked up some of these Tories and drove smashing in from the right rear, the reformed them off. It is interesting to note that Tarle­ Continentals in the middle. Above the fray ton, in his account of this action, prudently rose the voice of John Eager Howard: "Give refrained from identifying the looters-thus them the bayonet." In no time, the British managing to leave the impression that they threw down their arms and the American were Patriots. This sort of reporting from militia, also bellowing "Tarleton's Quarter," Tarleton to Cornwallis was hardly an isolated were somehow restrained by their officers. case of exaggeration. British Lt. Roderick Tarleton, meanwhile, with a force of 200 MacKenzie, in dazzling and detailed prose, horsemen, was unable to get them to fight. nailed Tarleton time and again for his proclivity The confusion and carnage was simply too of claiming great victories where none existed. much. They fled, as did Tarleton, with Back at Cowpens, no time was to be lost. Washington in thunderous pursuit. Banny was beaten and banished, but Corn­ Tarleton later admitted that his troops wallis was waiting in the wings. Morgan got panicked. his men organized quickly and moved all the As the legion infantry and light infantry able-bodied troops out before noon. With dropped their arms and ran back down the infinite relief, the main body crossed the hill, Washington's cavalry quickly overhauled Broad River and learned that British troops them and took them prisoner. What might were nowhere in the vicinity. have been a total slaughter was averted when Andrew Pickens, one of the silent heroes at Morgan, Howard, Pickens and the other Cowpens, stayed on the battlefield with the officers ordered their men to spare the wounded. He made them comfortable in tents British. and left them under a white flag in the care of Meanwhile, the Highlanders were fighting a the surgeons. Next day, Pickens caught up grim withdrawal. They might have made it, with Morgan across the Broad. There was still too, had not Howard's forces been freed by fighting to be done. It is doubtful that any of the surrender of most of the British infantry. the Americans who fought in this battle, Howard and his men took off after the High­ which lasted less than an hour, realized how landers. His promise of quarter caused them great their contribution was to the struggle to surrender, too. for freedom. Edwin C. Bears, in his "Battle of Cowpens, A Documented Narrative & Troop Movement Maps" (published by the U.S. Department of This article is excerpted from the author's the Interior on Oct. 15, 1967), uses Morgan's book "Cowpens," to be published this year by report to Greene: Devin-Adair, Inc.

May-June 1971 91 arden City Chapel and Retreat, former staff members are now in a church without a single mem­ the ministry. Gber, ministers to between 9,000 Looking back over the phenom­ and 10,000 persons each summer enal growth of the chapel, Pastor and has property valued at almost Norton says the long-range planning half a million dollars. calls for new recreational areas, a Known as the "Fortress of God new chapel, new dormitories and, by the Sea," the church is under hopefully, an Olympic-size swim­ the pastorship of the Rev. Hal ming pool. Norton of Marion, and located at Helping direct the activities and Garden City, about midway be­ plans of the Fortress of God by the tween Myrtle Beach and George­ Sea are a board of trustees whose town. Here, Sunday school and A CHURCH present chairman is W. Lewis Spear­ worship are conducted each Sunday man of Columbia. M.R. Bagnal Jr. morning from June through the WITH of Columbia is vice-chairman; E.W. first Sunday in September. In ad­ Lucas of Sumter is secretary while dition, almost 5,000 annually uti­ 0. Harry Bozardt Jr. of Orangeburg lize the retreat facilities-a major NO MEMBERS is treasurer. part of the program. By Roy Graham Other trustees are K.C. Childress, The retreat facilities are much in M.R. Bagnal, T.J. Harrelson and demand by church and YMCA in its 18-year history, has worked James A. Calhoun Jr. of Columbia; groups. Young people from seven with various retreat groups each Robert B. Gamble, Dr. T.A. Tim­ states used the retreat last summer, summer and now has an annual mons, William H. Johnson and C.B. and the popularity of the retreat Youth Day which attracts some 500 Askins of Lake City; Dwight A. continues to grow-a West Virginia young people from Columbia to the Holder of Pickens; Claude W. church is among those who have coast. At the Youth Day fun, food Brown and English S. Deschamps made reservations for this summer. and fellowship are the key attrac­ Jr. of Florence; William G. Nichols Attendance at the services last tions. Inspirational speakers, Chris­ Jr. of Nichols; Blakely H. McIntyre summer averaged 450; of this tian athletes, outstanding laymen Jr. of Marion; Louie B. Cook of number 150 to 200 were young and ministers speak and lead discus­ Conway; Cecil Ratcliff, Richard people. Special music by volunteer sion groups. Cox and C.A. Smith of Hemingway; talent is an appealing feature of During the summer months, and Dan Teal of Sumter. each worship service. Sunday Tuesday and Friday nights are re­ There is real diversification of school attendance averages 325 and served for socials for the beach talent in the services, Norton points classes are available for all ages, crowd. Usually an average of 100 out. A Moravian preacher from with Sunday school teachers and young people join in the games, North Carolina, a Presbyterian from ushers, as well as other workers in singing, refreshments and devotion­ Virginia, or a Methodist teen-ager the church, volunteering their time. al period. from Georgia may participate. Min­ There are usually changes in leader­ Garden City Chapel and Retreat isters on vacation are usually among ship every week or two, although also entertains the residents of the the volunteers for special services in some summer residents of the area Free Will Baptist Children's Home the Sunday school or worship ser­ attend and perform duties regu­ for one week each summer. During vices, he says, although there is a larly. the week 40 children are housed, wealth of talent from dedicated The interdenominational fellow­ fed, taken on jeep and boat rides, young people. ship is made up primarily of Meth­ and to Pirateland and the amuse­ Faith in God undergirds the odists, Baptists, Presbyterians and ment center. entire program and Pastor Norton Lutherans, although many from Assisting the Rev. Norton last summed up the entire work: "We other denominations and faiths can summer with the full-time program, challenge and inspire youth to live be found among the worshipers. were Glenn Davis of Myrtle Beach, lives enriched in Christian service Two new Sunday School buildings, a Coastal Carolina freshman; Danny by providing them with facilities a parsonage, three dormitories and Herlong of Rains, a high school where they can view life from a a youth building, which accommo­ senior; Jimmy Atkinson of Rains, a new vantage point." dates 400, have also been built. Citadel sophomore; and Pearley The Rev. Norton, a native of Baxley of Rains, who now coaches Roy Graham is a free-lance writer Mullins and the chapel's only pastor boys' and girls' basketball. Three from Florence.

92 Sandlapper :1::: =,.::: :p:::: :1::::::::::::::::::::::: :~~ :± I•:• -~Jl~~ '¥<'· a metto . !fl!'"~~~ l+ ...... L Qu1z_..1_ + •:u:u:u:u:u:u:u:u:u:••:u:u:u:u:u:u:u:•:•:u:u:u:•:•:•:•:•:••:u:u:••:•:•:u::•:•:::,.:--:~ +

Listed below are various features of the landscape, from towns and houses to trees. In each case we are asking you to name the individual most closely associated with the site mentioned. Several of the answers are not native sons, but where the point listed is outside the state, the answer is always a South Carolinian.

1. Fort Hill 2. Graniteville 3. The Waxhaws 4. The Liberty Tree 5. The Tower of London 6. Hampton Plantation 7. The Elms 8. A tree on Sullivans Island 9. A mass of trees on Sullivans Island 10. Brookgreen Gardens 11. Hopewell 12. Cofitachiqui 13. Hobcaw Barony 14. Woodlands 15. A school at Willington 16. Lang Syne 1 7. Snows Island 18. The Washington Monument 19. A motion picture studio in Greenville 20. Cabbage Row If you can't ski 'Portillo' 21. A small plot at Ft. Moultrie 22. Millwood this summer ... come to Sugar and play tennis ! UOldWl!H apl!M ·;:;: You'll have just as much fun, and the view e1oa:iso ·re: from our six outdoor composition courts is spectacular. After a pJeMAaH asosno ·oc: morning of supervised instruction, you might swim in our new sauor qos ·io ·6r heated pool, fish for wary rainbow trout, ride horseback over s11, 1t11 paqoc1 ·s r mountain trails, hike or ride the chairlift to the summit for a UO!Jl!lfll S!:JUl!J,:j • l l picnic. Sugar also has an expanded recreation program for U!>1Jalad e,1nr ·gr children over six. 1appeM saso1t11 ·~r Families who vacation at Sugar, enjoy sww,s aiow1,~ Wl!!ll!M ·vi themselves. They come again. 1.pnie9 pieuias ·1::r Sugar is one of the few places where fine oios aa ·c:r facilities have enhanced the native mountain surroundings. sua>1:>!d MaJpu' ·::, u4or ·r Box 3698, Banner Elk, N. C. 28604 '5cl3MSN'o'

May-June 1971 93 GOLF HAS

By Marjorie T. Graham

ou watch the tournaments on TV. You cheer for the winner, Yespecially if it's Arnold Palmer. You marvel at weekend players waiting three and four hours to tee off on municipal courses. Every­ body's taking it up-golf, the glamour sport sweeping the country. If you don't already play, you're probably saying that you will as soon as the children are all in school, or when you get the car paid for. Sports are not my thing and never have been. But my husband talked me into playing golf. "Now that we live in South Carolina where the weather is nice all year round," he said, "you'll miss a lot if you don't learn to play." So he taught me. And now on Sunday afternoons I get to play in the mixed foursomes at our club. We have tournaments-cheerful, friendly and casual. Everybody is welcome, even high-handicappers like me; there are prizes and a buffet dinner with postmortems. Sounds like fun: Well, let me tell you how it really is .... When we moved to South Caro­ lina, our neighbors said they played golf almost all year round, although they admitted that occasionally in the winter it's almost too cold to hold a club. And they were right. Though it rarely actually gets down to freezing, it feels like freezing when that chill winter wind comes sweeping across the fairways. They also agreed almost unanimously that it's too hot to play in the summer. They were right. The sun blasting down fiercely can make a

94 Sand lap per A LADY GOLFER TELLS IT ITS PERILS LIKEITIS

furnace of the course. Then again, Approaching the green at last, attention, "Well, you didn't hit it add the famous coastal humidity, my husband knows that if he turns sweet." and it's like a steam room. his back I'll try to scoop the ball After over 6,000 yards of this But we play golf anyway-all again, so he warns me firmly, "Now punishment, as the crow flies year round. hit down into it." And he watches (lucky crow), I stagger up to the According to the season, we as­ to see that I do. Sod flies, and often 18th green where, if the weather is semble the necessities: extra the ball does too, but not neces­ at all pleasant, I get to putt out be­ sweater, Windbreaker, wool gloves, sarily onto the green. Whereupon fore a gallery of relaxed spectators handkerchiefs, hat, umbrella, sun­ my husband exclaims, "Well you lounging on the patio. glasses, bug spray, sunburn spray, didn't follow through." How could Then at last in to the fireplace or towel, chewing gum, salt tablets, I, after hitting the ground so hard the showers. Hairdo ruined by the change of clothes. We leave our that I'm sure I've sprained some­ wind and humidity, nose dripping pleasantly heated or air-conditioned thing? and eyes watering from the wind house, as the season may be, to Finally, I can switch to my and cold, or skin burning from the congregate at the first tee, in the putter. Sometimes I putt fairly wind and sun, and me still shudder­ cold damp wind or the blinding well-if the bugs aren't too bad. I ing from a confrontation with a sun. must say that coastal South Caro­ snake in the rough. Teeing off in front of the audi­ lina has its share of mosquitoes-­ And that's the way it really is. ence at that first tee is a devastating fresh hungry waves of them each Why then, you ask, do I play experience. Playing as I do, I'm not month it seems. Also gnats, deer­ golf? As I sit scratching my mos­ too sure I'm even going to hit the flies, horseflies, sweatflies, varieties quito bites I ask that too. For sev­ ball, and the last thing I need is a of bees and more gnats-whining, eral reasons, I think. Togetherness, group of witnesses. And worse than buzzing, stinging and biting. While for one. And because it's not a missing the ball on my first swing is I'm waving flies away from my team sport. (I'm always the poorest accidently knocking it off the tee face, brushing gnats from my arms player on a team, any team, but my before I swing at all. Especially and smacking blood-filled mos­ golf score is my own business.) And since my husband then feels called quitoes on my legs, my husband because golf courses are such nice upon to ease the tension by making says: "Now concentrate. Just places to be, when it's not too hot jokes like, "If we can ever get the stroke it." and it's not too cold. I like the sun­ darn ball to stay on the darn tee, As if there weren't enough prob­ shine when it's not too sunny, and we can play some golf." Even if my lems, we have ponds and brooks on the wind when it's not too windy. I shot slices into the rough, I'm grate­ our course. When my ball comes to like the green grass and the fresh ful when I'm finally on my way. rest within 40 or 50 yards of a air, the lovely Carolina landscape From the rough, I usually man­ stream, I plan to play it safe by and the informal friendliness. But age to get into the sand. My hus­ aiming short of the water, and then mostly, I guess, I really like the band helps me with: "Now hit be­ hitting it across with my next shot. game. hind the ball and blast." Having What's an extra stroke more or less So don't let me discourage you­ failed at my first hasty attempt to with my score? But my husband is when you get all the children in scoop it out, I feel obliged to do it on to me there, too, and he says, school, and the car paid for, come his way, so I blast. The ball may or "Unh unh unh. Use your three­ on out and play. may not go up, but the sand def­ wood. Take your time, keep your initely does-into my hair and head down, give it all you've got, mouth and shoes, and even my eyes and hit it sweet." When it rolls into Marjorie Todd Graham is a free­ although they were closed tight. the water he says, as if I hadn't paid lance writer from Columbia.

May-June 1971 95 WALNUT PEDESTAL TABLE, 5 ft., round, x:::>=<>=< ==- ANT IQ U ES =>=<>=<>=<>=< cover of Woman's Day Magazine. Imported EARLY COSTUME JEWELRY-'20s, '30s, yarns, materials, crewel, and needlepoint. As­ '40s, with character, wanted. Also vintage sorted pocketbook kits. Folline's Knit and HENRY LAURENS ANTIQUES. Oriental buckles, buttons and beadwork. Write M.E.L., Bridge Studio, 2926 Devine St., Columbia, S.C. Rugs. Open daily 8:30-6:00, Sunday 2:00-5:00. 2915 Pickett St., Columbia, S.C. 29205. 29205. Phone 253-9748. 213 West Main, Laurens, S.C. 29360. Phone 984-5951. BOTTLE COLLECTOR interested in all bottles, especially unusual sizes, shapes and ::>< K:>< K:>(>C>(>C>( p E R so NA LS >C>(>C>(>C><>C>C>< >Cx>Cx>Cx>Cx )< BOO KS X>C><>Cx >Cx >Cx >Cx openings. Fee paid. Quality Personnel, Daniel Bldg., Greenville, S.C. 29601. Telephone JOY COMETH IN THE MORNING, by Mary 232-8741. ==== WINE-MAKI NG =<>=<>=<>=< Cullum Pruitt. Genealogy; Memorabilia. $10.00. Bailey Court 4Al, Anderson, S.C. =x:::xx:::x LAMPS & SHADES === REWARDING HOBBY-Make Wines better 29621. than you buy. Free catalog. Arbolyn, Box 663, Dept. S, West Columbia, S.C. 29169. GITTMAN'S ON DEVINE, 2019 Devine St., CUSTOM LAMP MAKING from unusual Columbia, S.C. 29205. Phone 254-5505. Re- items-lamp repairing. A large stock of lamp- tailers of new books, prints, fine bindings. shades-handsewn, parchment, glass. We special­ Copy for "Interesting, Unusual Items and Serv­ Specializing in South Caroliniana and the Con­ ize in the restoration of antique lamps. O'Neil's ices" must be received in our office by the fifth federacy. Mail orders welcomed. Antique Shop, 355 w. Palmetto St., Florence, day of the month preceding the first day of the s.c. month in which the advertisement is to appear. Rates, payable in advance, are: a single in­ 300 YEARS OF CAROLINA COOKING. 650 ===><=>=<>=< sert ion- 70c;t a word; three consecutive in­ treasured recipes, including game preparation. sertions-60c;t a word; six consecutive inser­ Handsome antiqued hardback volume with tions- 559' a word; 12 consecutive insertions- gold-embossed tricentennial seal. $4.50, plus FOR SALE: STAUFFER REDUCING MA­ 50¢ a word. Minimum insertion 15 words. Re­ $.18 tax {S.C. residents only). plus $.50 postage CHINE4ood as new- original cost $300. Will quest an advertising form from: Sandlapper per book. Junior League of Greenville, Inc., take $100 for it. Mrs. Marvin Little, P.O. Box Press, Inc., Interesting, Unusual Items and Serv­ Box 8703, Greenville, S.C. 29604. 987, Ballentine, S.C. 29002. ices, P.O. Box 1668, Columbia, S.C. 29202.

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