A CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF NEGRO .AMERICAN LITERATURE

1720 - 1923

by Clement Richardson A. B., Harvard, i 90·1 Author ot Cyclopedia 01· the Negro Race and numerous magazine articles

Submitted to tne Department of Engli ah and. the Facul. ty of tne Graduate School of tne University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of tne requirements for the degree of Master of Arts

Approved by:

Eo~ fl- /1/ / I , Instructor·············~··· in Charge

I ..ff.~.~ ...... Chairman ot· Department

May 15, 1923 To

Uy Wife, Ida, and to

My Children, Whose Help and Companionship are a Constant Inspiration PREFACE

Demands for literature by Negro authors are rapidly ad1ancing _from two quarters; from the increasing public of educated .Negroes and from those growing numoers of white people who earnestly desire to Know what the Negro is thin~ing, and what are his accomplishments. 1 Very recently a book .by a Negro author reached a circulation of' ao,oou within a few months. When we consider such demands, when we rel"l ect :f:'urther that tnere are bOO newspapers and magazines and other 2 publications by ~egroes, it can be readily seen that the need for some sort of t·ormal list of t.hi a oranch of American literature is imperative.

'11hi s Chronological Outline of Negro autnors and their works, together wi tn dates and. works signi:ri cant

in the literary lite 01· tne Negro in .America, was prepared at tne suggestion of tne Department of English

of the Uni versi r.y of. Kansas. As is true in many , literatures, tne exact dates of birth and death of authors, as well as dates of' publications, are frequently mi eaing, even after laborious search. An undertaking of tnis .ld.n<1 is almost en

Like Goldsmithts Circle, it "lures trom afar, yet as I

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1. Haynes, George ~. The Trend of Races. 2. Detweiler. The Negro Press. follow, fld.:m": that is, new names, new dates, confusion of dates, questions sometimes of tne race identity of authors, continually offer new paths of pursuit, paths that could 1 ead on endlessly. however, wnere authors and race identity are not known, usually the author has not been of primary significance, but rather the book written. With real ranking authors in .Negro literature, dates, names, titles, and race identity can be, in general, ascertained, With a :fair degree of accuracy.

I am deeply grateful to Professor Edwin lVJ.. Hopkins of tne English Department of the University of Kansas, who has been my guide and instructor throughout this undertaking, and to Professor Belden L •. Whitcomb of the same Department tor very helpful suggestions, both personally and through his recently published pamphlet-- The Preliminary Survey of a Literature. With pride as we11·as With gratitude, I acknowledge use at· several works ox· Negro authors, and compilers.

Among the most indispensable of these works for my purpose were carter ·a. Woodson's The Negro in our Hi story, The Hi story of tne .Negro Church, The Education of the Negro P~ior to 1861; Benjamin Brawley' s The Negro in Literature and Art; Booker T. Washington•s The Story of the Negro, volumes I, II, III: John Cromwell's The Negro in History; 's The Book of. American Negro Poetry: Jlonro e Work• e The Negro Year Book; the. "Literature" sec ti an of' -The Crisis: the book review section of tne Southern Worlonan: and the Journal of·Nesro History, volumes I, II, III, IV, V, VI.

Clement Richardson

Kansas City, .Missouri. April '7, 1923. CONTENTS Pages

Preface.~··················••••••••••••••••••·~·· 2

I. Signi:t'icant Dates, 1619 - 1719... •• ••••• ••• •• ••• 6

II. Chronological Outline, i720 - 1923 •••••••••••••• 6

III. Bibliography •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••• ~ 79

IV. Biographical Index•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 80 A CHRONOLOGIC.AL OUTLillE OF NEGRO AMERICAN LITERATURE l '720 ... 1923 ---

I. Significant Dates. 16i9 - 1720.

1619. First cargo of elavee, Jamestovm 1 Virginia.

1620. ~1 irat public school in Virginia for Indians and .Negro es. 1633. Massachusetts entered the slave trade. 1640. John Punch cona.emned to serve t:or life. 1641. .Massachu.set tat &d1"es o:f L.i berty declared against el avery.

165·2. Birth o:r Judge Samuel Sew~ll.

1700. Judge Samuel Sewall published tract against slavery. 1701. Boston instructed representatives to end slavery. Organieation of society in England to carry gospel to American Negroes and Indians.

1704. ] 1 ounding of school for slaves in New York .city t:>y Elias .Neau. 1705. The Rev. Samuel Thoma.a taught slaves in South Carolina. 1711. The Q,uakers condemned slavery in Philadelphia. 6 CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF NEGRO AMERICAN LITERATURE

1712. Louisiana adopted t.ne "Black Code•. Pennsylvania imposed heavy duties (20 pounds) on imported slaves.

1713. Hirth of Anthony Benezet, anti-slavery leader.

1 ?16. New Jersey and Rhode I eland Q,uakers a.eclared against purchase of slaves. 1718. William Burling or Long Island. issued. a traot against slavery.

II. Chronological Outline, 1720 - 1923

1720 1.* Charles ton, South Carolina, slave insurrection. The .American Mercur~ (Philadelphia) advertised for runaway white and negro slaves. Slaves outnumbered whites in south Carolina.

Transportation of slaves to Louisiana by the Law Company.

3. jjirth Ol1 John wo·o1man. Burlington, .New Jersey. Birth of JUPITER HAMMON. **

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • #The Arabic figures indicate as follows: l, historical events: 2, deaths: 3, births; 4, non-Negro puoli cations; 5, books by Negroes; · 6, Negro pl!ri o di cal s. ## Herea.:fter, all names of ~·egroes are capitalized. 7

CHROlmLOGI CAL OUTLINE OF llEGRO AMFBI CAN LITERATURE

l '721

1. ~.American Mercury (Philadelphia) advertised t·or runaway slaves .who spoke sood English. Del aware accorded legal recognition to el avery. The Law Company sought legal precedents for dealing with el aves.

1'722

1. Insurrection of slaves along tne Rappahannock River, in Virginia.

2 • .ueath of Eli as ~eau, founder of tne .New York school for slaves.

1723 l. Board or Trade in England allowed duty on slaves p·rovided it be collected from purchaser and not :from seller. Negroes and other slaves plot to burn Boston to get freedom. Philadelphia Amari can Weekly Mercury (June 20) advertised for a lost negro girl of 16 and a boy of 14 speakin,S e;ood Enili ah. The same paper advertised for a man of thirty who "speaks ve:z .sood English••. Virginia Free Negroes deprived of further right to vote. 8 CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF NEGRO AMERICAN LITERATURE

1724 l. Bienville put>li shed a Black Code, legalizing education of slaves in Louisiana..

A document issued "Encouraging tne Christian Education of Indian, Negro, and 1Jlul at to Children" at Lambeth. Virginia.. Mulattoes and free :Negroes in Louisiana won deci:oion _ · of court in capi tati~n tax aui t.

1726

1. The Rev • .Mr. Wetmore succeeded Elias ~eau as teacher of el aves.

1727 l. Bi shop Gi oson of London i a sued appeal to colonists exhorting masters and mistresses to promote instruc- tion of Negro ea in Christi an :s:·ai th. Slave traffic in Massachusetts reached its height.

l '129

1. Decision o:f York and Talbot that slaves might be held in Engl and as well as in colonies. Gov. Peri er of Louisiana armed a band of slaves to fight Choctaw Indians at Chouc.b.as. The governor of Virginia and the state assembly granted freedom to a. slave f~or the discovery of a wond.erful .nerb medicine. RUling of Lords Hardwioke and Talbot that slaves transported to free territory were not fr·ee. 9

CHRONOLOGI C.AL OUTLINE OF llEGRO .AMERICAN LI T.ERATURE

Solicitor-General ol' E·ngland declared that baptism in no way changed the status of slaves. 4. A@:stery of Iniquity, a condemnation of slavery, published by Ralph Sanford.

1?30 l. Cherokee Chi e:t's carried ·to England by Sir Alexander Cumming to make treaty concerning the return or a11 runaw831' slaves. L.e Petif t;.ecorded instruction was given to boarders, to the girls who lived without, and to the Negro women in Louisiana. Slaves of Louisiana-accompanied white men in exploration up the to aid settlement. Marriage of ROBERT and MARY BANNEKER. Negroes of Williamsburg, Virginia, plotted insurrec- tion for freedom. Reoellion o:r slaves in South Carolina.

2. Death of Samuel s·ewal.l, author o:t" The Selling of Joseph.

l '131

1. Rho de I el and Negro es plotted uprising for rreedom.

The ~uakers ·of North Carolina opened schools for slaves.

3. Birth of BENJAMIN BAllNEKER, noted astronomer. 10 CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLIME OF NEGRO AMER! CAN LITERATURE

1?32·

1 • British l::So ard o:f Trade made slaves equivalent to money or property in settling debts.

The Rev. Mr. Charlton succeeded l!:li as Neau in teaching Negroes in New York. Georgia Colony chartered without slaves.

1736

1. Anthony Benezet. Quaker, came to America.

1737

1. BANNEKER'S fatner purchased an estate. Benjamin Lay publiened treatise against slavery.

1741

1. North Carolina enacted a law punishing oy cutting off ears any "Negro, Mulatto, or Indian found to testify :i:·al sely".

1'745 l. School established :ror .Negro es in Charles ton, ::;outh Carolina.

1746

3. ~irth of ABSALOM JONES. 11 CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF NEGRO AMERICAN LITERATURE

1750

1. Evening school for ;Negro es establish.ad in Philadelphia. by Anthony .Benezet. . - School establi s.ned in .Maryland 1·or Negroes ana poor whites. :3. Birth ot' GEORGE LEILE, Negro preacher, in Savannah, who establi ehed a Baptist Church in Jamaica.

1753

1. BANNEK:ER invented the f"irst .American clock. 3. Birth of tne BEV. LEMUEL HAYNES, First Congregational Minister among .Negro es. lie was al so a pastor of white congregation. Probable birth date of PHILLIS WHEATLEY. 4. First part of Some Considerations on Keeping_ of Negroes, by John Woolman, puolished.

1754

1. BENJAMIN BANNEKER began literary activity.

175?

2. Death of BANNEKER'S father.

1?59

3. Birth of PAUL CUFFEE, Negro explorer and philanthro- pist. 12 CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLIN'E OF NEGRO .AMERICAN· LITERATURE

l '760

1. JUPI TF..R HAMMON oegan his 11 terary activity.

3. Birth of RICH.ARD ALLEl~. first Negro oishop in United States. 5. HAMMON, JUPITER. An Evening Thought. Long I eland. .. " Salvation oy Uhri st •

l '761

1. PHILLIS WHEATLEY brought to America and sold.

1'762

4. Last part of Considerations on Beeping ~egroes by John Woolman, published.

1763 l. Manual Training School established for Incri.ans and Negroes in North Carolina..

1765 l. Ma.eaachusetta census shows Negro es in all out three counties.

1766

4. A Caution to Great Britain and her Colonies by Anthony Benezet. 13 CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF·NEGRO AMERICAN LITERATURE

l '167

3. Birth of JO.. lUl::: lH1~B1tt\f'4, first Negro phy si ci an in .America.

l '170

1. PHILLIS WHEATLEY began literary activity. 5. WHEATLEY, PHILLIS. Poem on the Dea.th of the Reverend George Whitefield. Boston.

17?2 l. Erection at· Elliott's Mills near BANNEKER'S home. 2. Death of John Woolman, anti-slavery agitator •.

.17'13

4. Brief Considerations on Slavery, by Anthony Benezet. Burlington, New Jersey. 5. WHEATLEY, PHILLIS. Poe.ms on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral. ·London and Boston•

1774

1. Governor of Massachusetts attested genuineness of PHILLIS WHEATLEY'S poems. 17?5

3. Birth of SOJOURNER TRUTH, author and lecturer. 14 CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF NEGRO AMERICAN LITERATURE

5. PHILLIS WHEATLEY addressed letter and poem to George Washington.

17'16 l. George Washington wrote a. letter to -PHILLIS WHEATLEY, praising her poem.

3. .t:Si rth of JAMES FORTEN, who with two other men raised 2,500 colored volunteers to protect Philadelphia.

Bi.rth of· JOHN GLOUCESTER, :first Negro in Presbyterian Church educated for leadership. 5 .. WHEATLEY, PHILLIS. Poem add.reseed to u-eorge ·Washington. In .American :Monthll•

l '778

5. HAMMON, JUPITER. An Address to PHILLIS WHEATLEY. Hartford.

17"/9

3. Birth o:t· J. K. PaUlding, author.

5. HAMMON, JUPITFB. An Ess83' on tne Ten Virgins. Hartford.

J. 780

3. Birth of Lot Carey, first missionary to Liberia and one of t.tie leading spirits in i·oundi.ng tnat colony. 15 CHRONOLOG!C.AL OUTLINE OF NEGRO AMERICAN LITERATURE

1'782

1. Begi,rining of I>i vergence of North and south on Slavery, in framing o:r tne Constitution. ·5. HAMMON, JUPITFR. A Winter Piece. Hartford.

J.'783

l. The Rev. GEORGE LEli!LE founded a church in Jamaica.

1?84

2. Death of PHILLIS WHEATLEY. Death of Anthony Benezet, anti-slavery leader. 4. Benezet, Anthony •. The Case of Our Fellow Preachers. Phil ad el phi a.

5. WHEATLEY, PHILLIS. Elegy Sacred to· the Memory of Dr. Samuel Cooper. Boston. WHEATLEY, PHILLIS. Liberty and Peace. Boston.

1'185

1. Colored Baptist Church organized at Williamsburg, Virginia.

3. Birth of Samuel E. Sew8'1.l, Second; lawyer and anti~elavery worker.

Birth of DANIEL WALKER, first Negro to a'ttack slavery through tne press. 16 CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF NEGRO .AMERICAN LITERATURE

1'786 l. George Washington referred to slaves being helped to freedom by ~uakers. {First ~nown reference to the"Underground Rail way". J New York African :free school established. 5. WHEATLEY, PHILLI s. Reprint of Works. Philadelphia.

178'7

1. Elliott loans BANNEKER tables and Ferguson's . Astronomy. RICHARD ALLEN and followers organized "Independent Methodi et Church" at Philadelphia. \A.M.E.)

5. HA!JfJl[ON, JUPITER. An Address to the :Negro es in the State of !lew York. New York. 2nd. ed. Philadelphia. HAMlf.ON, JUPITER. An Evening Improvement, incl ud1ng t.he Kind Master and DutifUl Slave. Hartford. (Possibly 1782.)

1788

1. First African Baptist Church organized at Savannah, Georgia. ANDREW BRYAN", a slave, first pastor.

Slaves publ_ished articles against slavery in American Museum.

1789

1. BANNEKER appointed one 01· the surveyors o:r the District o:r Col um bi a. 17 CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF NEGRO AMERICAN LITERATURE

1790 l. A:t·rican Baptist Church organized at Lexington, Kentucky •

.Franldin presented petition to Congress against slavery.

1791

1. ABIALOM JONES founded St. Thomas• Episcopal Church a.t Philadelphia. 4. Jefferson wrote BANNEKER and sent BANNEKER •s Almanac to Condorcet, at Paris. 5. BANNEKER addressed a letter to J·eft"erson on the Question of Negro freedom.

1792

5. BANNEKER. First Al mana.c. LE!:LE, GEORGE. Letters :.f.x on establishment of church.

1793

1. Springf'ield Baptist Church organized at Augusta, Georgia.

4. Weoster, Noah, Jr. Effects of Slavery on .Morals and Ind.us try.

5. WHEATLEY, PHILLIS, Reprint of Works. ·Albany. 18 CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF NEGRO AMERICAN LITERATURE

1'795 l. PAUL CUFFEE took cargo of corn from Massachusetts to Maryland. 3. Birth or STEPHEN SMITH, Negro philantnropist and business man. Birth of G. M. STROUD, author.

1796

1. African Methodist Episcopal Zion denomination began the organization of Colored Methodist Church in New Yor.1.t City.

1797

1. Ordination of RICHARD ALLEN as Deacon. PAUL CUFFEE built school nouse for Negro and Indian children in Massachusetts.

1798 l. Ko sci uezko Fund t·or Negro education estaoli shed.

Negroes of ~oston established a private school.

1799

3. ~irth of GEORGE HORTON. Birth of JOHN BROWN RUSSWORM, editor of first Negro newspaper published in the United States. 1 ] reedman ta Journal. 19 CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF NEGRO AMERICAN LITERATURE

1800

1. The Abyssinia ~aptist Church organized in New York City.

ROBERT PLEASANT,of Virginia, left by will a school house and 350 acres oI land for benefit o:r Negro children. 3. Birth o :r WILLI AM. CH.AMBERS , author.

1801

1. J'OHM CHAVIS, Negro preacher and teacher, sent out by Presbyterians as missionary to 14 egro es.

5. WHEATLEY, PHILLIS. Reprint of Works. Philadelphia.

1802

3. Birth of Elijah P. Lovejoy, anti-slavery worker.

Bi·rth o:t· Lydi~ Maria Child, author and lecturer.

180:3

1. Miner• a Moralist society School established· by seven free colored men in Uharleeton, South Carolina.

1804

3. "irth of LOUISE COSTON 1 teacher. WHEATLEY, PHILLIS. Reprint or.works. Hartford, Connecticut. 20. CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF NEGRO AMERIO.AN LITERATURE

1805

1. The At·ri can Meeting House, first :Negro Church in ~oston and in .New England, organized.

Organization by JOSEPH WILLIS of tirst Baptist Church west of the Mi ssi asi ppi. 3. B·irth of Marie Becraft, noted teacher in District of Columbia. Birth of Willi am Lloyd Garrison.

1806

2 • .Death of BENJAMilT BANNEKER, noted astronomer.

Pro oabl e d eatll aat e o t J UPI TER HAMMON. 3. Birth o:r Nehemiah Adams, author of A South Side View of Slavery.

5. HAMMON• JUPITER, Third edition of An Address to Negro es in the State o:r :New York. .New York.

1807

1. ~,i rat schoolhouse :for colored children in Washington. JJ • C. op en ed.

3 • .J:Si rth o:f UH.ABLES RAY, editor.

1808

1. The A:t'ri can t.nird of t.ne John Parish Educational Fund first separately appropriated. 3. Birth of ELIZ.A.BETH T. GREENFIELD, singer. 21 CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF NEGRO AMERICAN LITERATURE

1809

3. Birth of Abraham Lincoln. Birth of George Livermore, author ot· Historical Research Reflecting Opinions 01· Founders o:t· Republic on Negroes - as Slaves, as Citizens, as Sol di era.

1810

2. Death of HARRY HOSIFJR, preacher pronounced by some the greatest orator in America at that time.

3. ~irth o:t CH.ABLES LEMOX REDMOND, :first Negro anti• al avery speaker. Birth of IRA .ALDRIDGE, tne greatest Negro actor. Birth of THOMY LAFON, teacher, business man, phil an t.nro pi st, in .New Orleans.

1811

1. PAUL CUFFEE landed in Africa and organized The Friendly Society in Sierra Leone. CUFFEE visited Thomas Clarkson and William Wiloer- :t·orce in London. 3. Birth of O• Lovejoy, author.

Birth of BISHOP DANIEL A. PAYl:TE. (Born free.) Birth of Harri et Beecher Stowe.

1812

3 • .Mirth of JOHN JASPER, famous Negro preacher in Virginia. 22 CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF NEGRO .AMERIO.AN LITERATURE

1813

3. Birth of Henry Ward Beecher, anti-slavery orator. 5. WHEATLEY, PHILLIS. Reprint of Works. Halifax.

1815

3. Birth of PiENRY GARNETT, noted educator and preacher. Birth of LEWIS HAYDEN, first colored office holder before the Civil Wa:r.

1816

3. Birth o:r WILLIAM WELLS BROWN,· historian. 5. WHEATLEY, PHILLIS. Reprint o:t· Works. ("New England. tt}

181?

1. First Convention OI Free Negroes held in Philadelphia. Slaves liberated in New York. SOJOURNER TRUTH, abolitionist and lecturer, set :rree. 2. Death of PAUL CUF~EE, colonizer.

3 • .J:Sirth of l''REDERICK DOUGLASS.

1818

3. Birth o:t' ALEX.ANDER CRUMMELL, one of the x·ouncters o::t· the Negro .American Academy.

5. HAYNES, REV. L~MUEL. Sermon against Universalism • .Manchester, .r:.tew Hampshire. (Widely quoted.) 23 CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF NEGRO AMERICAN LITERATURE

1819 l. France abolished slave trade.

1820

1. American Colonization Society i a sued .M.emori al to Congress. Maria Becraft opened school for Negro girls at Georgetown, D.C • .Missouri Compromise.

1821

1. Genius of Universal. Emancipation established. 3. Birth of WILLIAM STILL, author.

1822

2. Death of JOHN GLOUCESTER, noted preacher. 3. Birth of HIRAM R. REVELS, first Negro U.S. Senator.

1823

1. Louisa Coston eetabli shed school for :Negro children at Washington, .u.c. 3. Birth ot WISTAR MIFFLIN GIBBS, anti-slavery lecturer. 24 CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF NEGRO AMERICAN LITERATURE

1825

3. Birth of FRANCIS E. WATKilqs HARPF~.

1826

1. EDWARD JONES graduated from Amherst College.

JOHN BROWN RUSSWORi~. first Negro college graduate, graduated f"rom Bowdoin College. THEODORE s. WRIGHT graduated from Princeton Theological Seminary.

182'7

1. Mi es Becroft ma.de principal of Seminary :ror Colored Girls in District of Columbia.

5. HORTON, GEORGE. verses in RAl.:elf&ll. !teS:at,.! and a Boston newspaper.

1828

2. Death of LOT CAREY, first missionary to Liberia. 3. Birth of E. A. Pollard, author.

6. First i asue of Negro publication .Rights of All, Ne•1 York City •.

1829

1. Imprisonment of Willi am Lloyd Garrison for anti .. slavery senti·ments. 25 CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF NEGRO AMERICAN LITERATURE

l. St. Francie Academy founded in Baltimore by Negro Catholic Sisters.

2. Death o:t· DAVID VIALKER, first .Negro to attack slavery through the press. ·

3. ~irth of JOHN M. LANGSTON. 5. HE:M'.MINGWAY, JAMES. Atkinson's Casket, in a musical journal. HORTON, GEORGE. Hope of Liberty. Raleigh, North Carolirla.

HORTO?T, GIDRGPl• Poems. Raleigh, ~orth Carolina.. WALKER, DAVID. Appeal.

1830

1. WILLIAM WORMLER established school in Washington·, Dis tri ct of Col um bi a, for Negro chil a.ran. 3. Birth oi· Willi am F. All en, author o:t Slave Songs of the United States.

Birth 01· .BISHOP B. W. ARNETT, author o:t' Biographical Sketch of JAMES M. BELL.

1831

. 1. Free Negroes denied school privileges in Virginia..

Ga.rri son t B Li oerator eatabli shed.

2. Death of RICH.ARD .ALLEN, first bishop and founder of A.M.E. Church. 3. ~irth of JOSEPH s. ATTWELL. noted minister in Epi acopal Church and worker for state o:t' Liberia. 26 CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF NEGRO AMERIC.A1T LITERATURE

1832

1 • Amari can Anti-Slavery So ci ety organized in Samuel E. Sewall, 2nd' s office. American Baptist Home Mission Society organized. BISHOP PAYNE opened pioneer school in South Carolina. 3. Hirth of E. W. BLYDEM, author.

4. Thoughts on A:frican Colonization published by William Lloyd Garrison.

1833

3. Birth of EM E. M. BANNISTER; celebrated painter.

Birth of EBENEZER BASSETT, first Negro to hold appointment oy U.S. Government. (ConsuJ. to Haiti.) Birth of BISHOP TURNER. {A.M.E.O)

4. Americans caJ.l ed A:rri cans by Lydia Maria C.nild.

Letter a on Sla-Yery by J. D. Paxton.

5. CANNON, REV. N. C. The Ro ck 01· Wisdom •••• to which are added Several Interesting tiymna. New Yor~.

1835

1. b\ounding of' Insti tu ti on des Orphelins Indigenes in New Orleans, by Widow Bernard.

John F. Cook's school enlarged after riot. 2'1 CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF NEGRO AMERICAN LITERATURE 1836

4. The Slave, or Memoirs of ARCHY MOORE, Dy R. Hildreth. t>lavery in the u. s., by J. K. Paulding.

1837

1. Beginning of what is now Cheyney Training School for Teachers, Pennsylvania. jjlSHOP PAYNE 11 censed. 2. Death of Elijah Lovejoy, anti-slavery worker.

3. Birth ot AMANDA SMITH, a.i stingui shed evangelist. Birth of Ro oert G. Shaw, Commander of .Negro Troops.

5. ROPER, MOSES. Adventures and Escape of MOSES ROPER. HORTON, GEORGE. Second Edition of HORTON'S Hope of Li t>erty, Phil adel phi a.

6. The Weekly Ad~~cat~ established. ~ew York City.

1838

1. CHARLES LENOX REDMOND lectured against slavery. (First Negro to truce platiorm as anti-slavery speaker.) FREDERICK IX>UGLASS. escaped from slavery.

4. Memoir ol:' Eli Jah P. Lo.vejoy, Dy J. c. and 0. Lovejoy.

5. HORTON, GEORGE. Hope o:t' Liberty, 3rd ed. (As supplement to .Memoirs and Poems of PHILLIS WHEATLEY. 6. WILLIAM WHIPPER became editor o:J:' National Ref'ormer. First ef:fort in journalism by Phil aa.el:phl. a '.N egroe""i. 28 CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF NEGRO AMERICAN LITERATURE

1839 l. BISHOP PAYNE ordained. 2. Death or Louisa Coston, teacher.

4. The SinI'ulness of' Slavery, by Charles Elliott.

6. Colored American established, edited oy CHARLES RAY. New Yorx City.

1840

1. Beginning of literary aoti vi ty of WILLIAM c. NELL. BISHOP PAYNE opened private school in Fhiladelphia.

DR. A. w. ABBOTT ad.mi tted to army medical service. (Among the :t'irst. J

Negro di al ect ri r st used in literature, by Ed.gar Allan Poe in The Gold Bug.

~. Birth or .MRS. c. A. ATT,VELL, founaer of first Negro public school in Philadelphia.

1841

1 • B egi nni ng of pu bl i c ac ti vi ty of lt1\EDERI CK DOUGLASS. 3. B»rth of w. H. CROGM.AN, scholar and author. Birth of B. X:. BRUCE, U. s. Senator (Mississippi). 5. DOUGLASS, FREDERICK. Speech in Nantuoxet anti-slavery meeting.

6. African lKethodi st Episcopal Cnurch .Magazine es1iab- li shed. Philadelphia.. 29

CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF '.HEGRO .A.MERI CAN LI TF.RATURE

1842 l. B. MACON ALLEN, first Negro lawyer in U.S., allowed to practice law in aaine. Founding of Congregation of t.ne Sisters ot· t.ne Holy Family. Baltimore.

2. Death of JAMES FO.RTEN, sol di er. 6. c.c. JONES. Religious Instruction of tn.e Negroes. 6. The Clarion established. The Elevator established. Philadelphia.

The National Watchman established. Troy, New York.

1843

1. Beginning o:t· literary activity o:r WILLIAM WELLS BROWN.

Union Benevolent Society organized by Free Negroes, one purpose being to encourage education and industry.

1844

1 •. Colored High School founded oy Rev. Hiram Gilmore. 3. Birth of RICHARD T. GREENER, author and lecturer. 4. African Melodies. Scherff. New York.

1845

3. Birth of EDMONIA LEWIS, first Negro woman sculptor. 30

CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF NEGRO AMER! CAN LITERATURE l. B. MACON ALLEN admitted to bar of Massachusetts• 5. HORTON, GEORGE. Miscellaneous Poems. Hillsboro.

WATSO~i, HENRY. Narrative o:f HENRY WATSON, Fugitive Slave. 6. The Genius of Freedom estaoliahed.

1846 l. Beginning of 11 terary aoti vi ty of FRANCIS E. HARPER. BISHOP PAYNE visited London as a delegate to the Evangelical Alliance.

MOSES DICKSON' and eleven others organized"The Knights ·of Li berty 11 in St. Louis, to overthrow slavery. Society still exists as "Knights and Daughters of Tabor". Organization of American Missionary Association. 3. Birth of R. H. BOYD, founder of Baptist Publishing House. 4. The Kid.napped and Ransomed. PETER STILL, by Kate E. Pickard. 5. HARPER, FRANCIS E. Forest Leaves. Baltimore. DOUGLASS, FREDERICK. Narrative of my Life. Boston. CONNOR, A. J. Publication of early musical select- ions.

1847

3. Birth or DR. WILLIAM H. McALPINE, educator and writer. 6. The North Star established. Rochester, New York. 31 CHRONOLOGrCAL OUTLINE OF NEGRO AMERICAN LITERATURE

6. The Ram&a Horn established. New York City.

1848

1. BI SHOP PAYNE became historian oI' A.M.E. Church. 3. Birth of SAMUEL MILADY ("SAM LUCAS"}, author of Grandfather's Clock was too Tall for the Shelf. 6. The ·Christian Herald established. Philadelphia.

The I1nparti al Ci t,izen estaoli shed. Boston.

1849

1. Avery College established at Alleghany, Pennsylvania. Ohio estaolished public schools for colored children. WISIAR MIFFLIN BIBBS lectured against slavery. 3. Birth of "BLIND TOM" • musical prodigy. (THOMAS GREEM BETHUNE} Birth ot GEORGE WILLIAMS, historian.

4. The Narrative OI , by C•. Stearns. 5. WILLIAM WELLS BROWN. Slavery Harp, a Collection of Songs. . Bo aton.

1850

5. HORTON, G:EXJRGE. Edition of HORTON'S Poems and Essays. TRUTH, SOJOURNER. Narrati·ve of Sojourner Truth. 32 CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF NEGRO AMERICAN LITERATURE

1851

1. F~IZ.ABETH T. GREENFIELD came into prominence as a singer. 2. Death of JOHN BROWN RUSSWORM, ed.i tor of J'reedman ts Journal, first Negro newspaper published in u.s. 5. NELL, WILLIAM C·• Services of Colored .Americans in the Wars of 1776 and 1812. Boston. o. The Colored .Man's Journal establi sned.

1852

3. Bir th o:f' m:LL'IAJIJG.': SCARBOROUGH, scholar and author.

4. Uncle Tom' a Cabin, by Harriet B. Stowe.

Siavery and Anti-slavery, oy Uodell. .New York.

5. DELANEY" .MARTI~l. Condition and Elevation o:f Colored People O·I· u. s. DOUGLASS, FREDERICK. American Slavery Speech. NELL, WILLIAM c. Services ol:' Colored .Americans in the War of 1812. PAYNE, L. w. Six Years in a Georgia Prison. 6. The Alienated American estaolished. Cleveland, Ohio. The Christian Recorder, formerly The Christian Herald, established.

1855

1. Beginnfng of puoli c activities of .ALEXANDER C~UMMELL. First Normal School :tor Colored teachers estaoli shed · in New Yorx City. 33

CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF NEGRO .AMERICAN LITERATURE

1. Organization or first colored ·Y.M.C.A~ in U.S. Washington, D.C.

4. Negroes in Slavery, by J. H. Van Evri e.

On t.ne Condition o:t· Free People of Color, by John Jay. Publication of Key to Uncle Tom• s Cabin.

Sable Cloud, by ~ehemiah Adams. J::Soston. 5. GBEENE, WILLIAM. Narrative of' Events in tne Life ot• WILLIAM GREElm • . NORTHUP, SOLOMON. Twelve Years a Slave.

1854

1. Lincoln University, Pennsylvania, es -r,aoli shed.

4. A South Side View of Slavery, Dy Nehemiah Ad.ams.

5. HARPER, FRANCES E. Po ems on Mi scellaneoue Subj ecta.

HORTON, GEORGE. Edi ti on oI' GEORGE HORTON'S Po ems and Essays.

1855

2. Death of JOHN F. COOK, teacher.

3. ~irth of J. w. E. BOWEN, author and lecturer. 5. DOUGLASS, FREDERICK. My Bondage and Freedom.

NELL, '~LLIAM c. The American Patriots •.Boston. PARSONS, c. G. Inside Views of Slavery •. l:Soston. 6. The Herald of .»1reedom established. Ohio• The Mirror of tne Time eetabli shed. San Franci aco. 34 CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLIME OF NEGRO .AMERICAN LITERATURE

1856

1. Western University, Quinct.aro, Kansas, fo una.ed. Wilberforce University (M.E. Church), Xenia, Ohio.

4. Dred, a Tale of tne Dismal Swamp, by Harriet .lleecher Stowe. Sketch of Laws Relating to Slavery, by u. M. Stroud. 5. CL.ARK, GEORGE w. The Harp of Freedom (a collection of anti-al avery songs). New York City.

185'1

4. American/ Slavery and 6olor, Dy William Chambers. 5. TRUTH, SOJOURNER• Anti-slavery address at Akron, Ohio.

1858

3o Birth of CHARLES W. CHESNUTT.

Birth of BOOKF~ T. WASHINGTON. Birth of CHARLES T. WALK.ER, minister and lecturer.

4. Exiles of :&'lori da, by J. R. Geddings.

1869

3. Birth of HENRY o. T~ER, painter, at Pittsburg.

4. Bl aok Di amends gathered in tne Darky Homes of' t.ne South, 'Oy E. A. Pollard. 6. The Anglo•.Ameri can estaoli shed, :Mew York City. 35

CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF NEGRO AMER! CAN LITERATURE

1860

2. Death or J. K. Paulding.

3. Birth of GEORGE llARION McCLELLAN, author of poem, The Path or Dreams. 4. Cotton is King. (collections of writings in favor ot slavery) by E. N. Elliot. Augusta. 6. HARPER, FRANCES E. Moses, a Story ot the .Nile. Philadelphia.

1861 i •· First School :ror Freedmen established, at Fortress Monroe, Virginia.

4. American Slavery Justified by the Law ot' Nature, by Samuel Leaberry. 5. BRAGG, G. F. Ai:'ro•Ameri can Church Workers. Baltimore. BRENT, LINDA. Lind.a, or Incidents in tne Li:t'e o:t· a Slave Girl. Boston.

CAMPBELL, ROBERT. A Pilgrimage to my .Mother Land.. Philadelphia.

1862

1. BISHOP PAYNE cal.led on President Lincoln in behalf of the "Bill of Emancipation".

Organization of New England. ~ranch of ]'reedmen's Union Commission. Organization of New York Branch of Freedmen's Union Commission. Organization of Pennsylvania Branch of ·Freed.men's Union Commission. 36

CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF NEGRO AMERICAN LITERATURE

1. Organization of The Western Freedmen's Aid Commission. Organization o:t' J:.Tational Freedmen' a Relief As so ci a- tion of the District of Columbia.

3. Birth o:t' DR. HENRY R. BUTLER, a contributor to Atlanta Consti tu ti on. 4. J...:n Historical Research Respecting Opinions ox· the 14,oundere o:r the Repuoli c on Negro es as Slaves 2 as Citizens, a.s Saldi ere, by George Livermore.

5. CRUMMELL, ALFXANDER. The Future 01 Atri ca.

1863

1. BISHOP PAYNE purchased M. E. School a.t Xenia, Ohio, and named it Wiloerforce University.

BISHOP TURNER appointed chaplain in U.S. Army . (first .Negro chaplain). D•. A. T. AUGUSTA appointed surgeon of 17th regiment, said to be first Negro medical man commissioned in the United States Army. Signing ot· Emancipation Proclamation, oy Abraham I,incoln. West Virginia established public school system.

2. Death o:t' Rooert G! Shaw, Commander ot Negro Troops.

4. A Journal 01 a Residence on a Georgia Plantation, oy Fannie Kemble. New York.

5. BROWN, WILLIAM WELLS. The 131 ack Man.

BRO~~. WILLIAM WELLS. Clotille, a tale of the t:>o uthern Stat es. JACKSON, FANNIE M. Humility. Ohio. 37

CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF NEGRO .AMF..JiICAN LITERATURE

1864

1. Louisiana established first complete public school system in tne south. Maryland made provision for common schools. Organization ot the Baltimore Association xor the Moral an~ Educational improvement of Colored People.

Private school of ltllRS. c. A. ATTWELL made part 01· puolic school system.

fi'i'EPHEN SMl'rli founded Old Folks Home for inf2rm Colored people: gave $150,000 and gaounds, etc. 2. Death of- o. fP;. Lovejoy. 3. Birth of' JOHN WILLI AM BOONE, "BLIND BOONE", musical prodigy. Birth of JOID1 w. GILBERT, first .Negro Greek scholar sent to American.school at Athens. (Sent from Brown University. J Birth or c. v. ROM.AN.

4. A Scriptual, Ecclesiastical. 1 and Historical View ol' Slavery, by Bi shop J. H. Hopkins.

5. BELL, JAMES MADI SON. Po em, The Dt\Y and the war.· (First anniversary of Emancipation Proclamation. San Francisco.

1866 l. congress esta'bli shed "Bureau of Refugees, ]lreedmen, and Abandoned Lands".

Exhibition in Boston of bust of Robert Gould Shaw, by EDMONIA LEWIS. Founding of Shaw University, Nortn Carolina. Founding or Virginia Union University. Virginia. 38 CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF NEGRO AMERICAN LITERATURE

1. Freedmen's Bureau created. JOHN s. ROCK admitted to practice Defore U.S. Supreme Court. First Negro to be admitted •

..Missouri included Negroes in her public school system. 13th .Amendment to Constitution adopted. 2. Dea.th o:t· Abraham Lincoln. Death of George Livermore.

3. Birth of JOHM WES'l1.S1 li':lLL0\~A}, author 01· "From the Desert".

Birth or .MARGARET M. WASHINGTON, author of 1JJy Part in my Husband's Work. (:!ms. BOOKER T. WASHINGTOH.)

5. HORTON• GEORGE. Naked Genius. Raleigh. 6. The Colored .American, first Negro newspaper published in tne South.

1866

1. :&'ounding of Fisk Uni verei ty.

First Negro high school ol' Kentucky established at Louisville. Florida taxed her-freedmen for common school rund for freedmen. ·

Lincoln Institute fo.unded, Jefferson City, .Missouri. 3. :Birth of s. W. BACOTE, author 01· ·Who •s Who among Colored Baptists of United States •

.t:Sirth o:t' MOMROE N. WORK, Edi tor ot· :Negro Year Book •. 5. BELL JAMES MADISON. The Progress of' Lioerty. (a poem) San Francisco. 39 CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF NEGRO AMERICAN LITERATURE

1~6·1

1. ~eginning of public activity of JOHN M. LANGSTON Alabama and Tennessee established public school systems. College of Pharmacy established at Harvard University. Establishment of $3,500,ooo.oo Educational Eund for South by George Foster Peabo~. Founding of Divinity School at Morehouse College, Georgia.

Founding 01' Howard University. J;'oun

]'irst Temperance Society among ~egroes organized by Freedmen's Bureau. Kentucky began %xs to tax her Negroes for their education. Moorehouse. College founded, Atlanta, Georgia. Rust College i·ounded. holly Springs, .Mi asi asi ppi. Storer College founded. West Virginia. 2. JJeath of IRA ALDREDGE, greatest .Negro actor.

3. Birth of AZALI A ~ACKLEY, singer and lecturer. Birth of R. A. CARTER, author.

Birth of I. GARLAND PENN, author and lecturer. ~irth of KELLEY MILLER, teacher and author • .tiirtn of' ROBERT R. MO!OM, teacher and author. 4. Slave Songs of the u.s •• by William. F. Allen • .New York. 40 CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF NEGRO AMERICAN LITERATURE

1868

1. Arkansas, Florida, and South Carolina established public school ·systems.

Founding o:f Biddle University. North Carolina.

Founding of Howard Uni yersi ty lvi.edi cal School.

2. Death of Samuel E. Sewell, anti-slavery lawyer. 3. Birth ol' WILLIAM STANLEY BRAITHWAITE, poet, essayist, and critic.

Birth o:f· WILLIAM EDWARD BURGHARDT DU BOIS.

1869

1. ~lounaing of Claflin College. south Carolina.

!-iorth Carolina ana. Virginia established public school systems •

.Founding of Straight University. Louisiana. Founding of Talladega College.

l 1ound.ing of Tougaloo Uni verai ty. 3. !ii rth of FRANK B. COFFIN, poet. liirtn of JAMES D• CORROTHERS, poet. .I:Sirth oi SILAS X. FLOYD, poet and teacher. Birth of CHARLES STEWART, noted Negro Journa.li st.

5. DOUGLASS, FREDERICK. The Negro's rignt to Vote.

1870

1. jj'ounding of Cl!J.rk University. , Atlanta, Georgi a. 41

CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF NEGRO A.M.~ICAN LITERATURE

1870

l. Georgi a, .Mi ssi ssi ppi, and established putJli c school systems. I. Birth of :FLORA BATSON, noted singer. 4. Negro Spirituals, by T. w. Higginson. 5. BELL, JAMES .MADISON. The Triumph of Liberty. Detroit.

1871

1 • .rounding of Benedict college, south uarolina..

18'72

1. CHARLOTTE RAY, t·irst colored woman lawyer, graduated from Howard University. 2. Death of E. A; POLLARD, author. 3. Birth or PATIL LAWRENCE DUNBAR.

5. STILL, WILLIAM. The Undergroun~ Railroad.

1873

1. bennett College founded. .North Carolina.

New Orleans College t·ounded. LoW. siana. Roger Williams University founded. Tennessee.

Wiley University founded. Texas. 2. neath ot· CHARLES LENOX REDMOND, first .Negro anti. al a.very lecturer. 42 CHRONOLOGYCAL OUTLINE OF NEGRO .AMERICAN LITERATURE

2. Death of STEPHEN SMITH, philanthropist.

3. ~irth of E. J. SCOTT, educator and writer. 4. The Jubilee Singers and tneir Campaign for $20,000. Boston.

1874

1. Kentucky established a public school system for .Negro es. Wal.den college founded. Tennessee. 2. Death of WILLIAM C. NELL, historian. 3. Birth of ALICE NELSON DUNBAR, autnor.

1875

1. Agricultural and Mecnani cal College for ..Negro es. Alabama. Branch .Normal founded. Arkansas. Delaware established a system or puolic schools to include Negro ea. Knoxville College t·ounded. '.renneeeee. The Avery .&"und. established, :ror irade school in University of l'i ttsburg. ·

2. Death of u. M. STROUD, author. 3. Birth of ALIC!:! MOORE NELSON (DUNBAR). Birth of CARTER G. WOODSON. 4. Hampton and its students, by Armstrong and Ludlow. New York. 43

CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF NEGRO AM.'ERICAN LITERATURE

18'76

l. E. M. BANNISTER'S pictures awarded medal.

2. Death of ELIZABETH T. GBEI!::NFI]I,,D, singer of note.

3. J:Sirth of ALEXAMDER ROGERS, aut.nor o:t· The Jonah Man •

.Birth of GEORGE WASHINGTON ELLIS.

18?'7

1. Beginning of literary activity of .ALBF.J\T A. WHITMAN. Philander-Smith College rounded. .Arkansas. Tillotson LJollege rounded. Texas. 3. Birth of GEORGE W, CRAWFORD, author and lawyer •

.tsirth o:I' uEORGE ROGMALL MARGETSO.tJ, po et.

Birth oI· ISAAC b1ISHER, essayist and editor. 4. The Story of tne Jubilee Singers. Lonct.on.

5. WHITMAN, ALBERT A. Not a Man and Yet a .Man. Springfield, aassachusetts.

18'18

1. Selma University founa.ed. .Alabama.

2. Death of Nehemiah Adams, autnor ·ot' A South Side View of t:>lavery. 3. Birth of CLEMENT RICHARDSON. 44 CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF NEGRO AMERICAN LITERATURE

1879

1 • .Beginning of literary activity of GEORGE WILLIA.MS.

State University (Baptist) foun~ed. Kentucky. 2. Death of William Lloyd Garrison.

1880

1. l!'ound.ing of .National Hapti st Convention, at Montgomery, .Alabama. REV. WILLIAM McALPIN, first President. Livingstone College founded. North Carolina.

2. Death o:f Lydia Maria uhild. .

3 • .Birtn of· CH.ABLES B. JOHNSON, author of Songs o:t' My People. Birth or LESLIE PINCKNEY HILL, author of- Wings of Oppression. 5. GREENER, RICHARD T. Socrates as a Teacner. GREENER, RICHARD T. The Intellectual. Position of the Negro. KOORE, J. J. History of tne A.M.E.z. Church. rork, Pennsylvania.

t>C.ARBOROUGH, w. First Lessons in ureek. New ~ork. ·

4. •1·ales of Uncle Remus, by Joel Chanaler .Harris.

1881

1. Allen University established. Sout.n Carolina.

~iahop college founded. Texas.

PaUl Q,uinn College founded. Texas. 45

CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF NEGRO AMERICAN LITERATURE

1. Prairie View State Normal and Industrial College. 2. Death of JOSEPH s . .ATTWELL, noted mini ater and worker for state of Liberia. 3. Birth of WILLIAM PICKENS, author anci lecturer and teacher.

);882

1. Lane ·col'l::ege.71~.ounded. Tennessee. The John F. Slater Fund eetabli shed for training .Negro t.eachers. 2. Death of HENRY GARNETT, educator and. preacher • .. 3. Birth o:t BENJ"Abl!N GRIFFITH BRAWLEY 1 author. ·liirth of NATHANIEL DETT, author of Listen to de .Lambs.

Birth of ANNE SPENCER, a\1.thor of The Wife-Woman and o tner po ems. · ..,

5. CRUlJiJJIELL, ALEXANDER. A Defence of· t.ne ~ egro Race in .America. CRUMMELL, ALEXANDER. Sermons and .Lectures. The Greatness of Christ.

WILLIAMS, GEORGE~ History of the Negro Race from 1619 to 1880. 2 vols.

1883

1. Beginning of literary activity of CHARLES W. CHESNUTT. Hartshorn ~emorial College rounded. Virginia. 2. Death ot WILLIAM CHAMBERS, author. 46

CHRONOLOGIC.AL OUTLINE OF NEGRO AMERICAN LITERATURE

2. Death ot· SOJOURN.ER TRUTH, anti-slavery lecturer.

5. >..BOB. The Black woman of the South, Her Neglect and. Her needs. WAYMAN, A. w. My Recoll ectione of A.M.E. Mini aters. Philadelphia.

1884

1. Arkansas Bapti at College :founded. Little Rock. Guadaloupe college founded. Texas.

3. Birth of WILLIAM E. SCOTT, noted artist.

5. RANDOLF 1 E. A. The Life of REV. JOHN JASPER. Richmond. SCARBOROUGH, W. Political Status of tne Negro.

TANNER, :BENJAMIN T. An outline of History and l:iovernment for the A.M.E. Churchmen. Philadelphia. WHI TM.AN, A. A. The Rape of Florida. St. Louis.

1885

1. H·ouston College founded. Texas. 3. Birth of ST. ELMO BRADY, c.nemi st and author. 4. The Silent Soutn, by G. w. Cable. 5. FORTUNE, T. T. Wh.i te and. .l:Slack. New York. PAYNE, BISHOP DANI:EL. Domestic Education. TROTTER, J. M. Music and Some Highly Musi cal People. Boston. 47 CHRONOLOGIC.AL OUTLINE OF NEGRO AM.ERIC.AN LITEHATURE

1886

. 1. Boylan Home and. lnaustrial School :f"ounaed. Florida• . Ingleside Seminary founded.. Virginia. -·

Kentuc.ICy Normal and Industrial Institute for Colored people founded.

Mary All en Seminary :r·ounci.ed. Texas. ·"' 2. Death o:t CHARLES RAY, editor. 3. Bi rt~ ot· GEORGI A DOUGLAS_ JOHNSON (MRS• ) • 5. DOUGLASS, FREDERICK. The Relation Existing between White and Colored People of tne U.S. Washington, D.C.

1887

1. Beginning o:r literary activity o:f' J. W. E. BOWEN. FLORA BATSON became noteci as a singer.

2. Death of Henry Ward Beecner, an ti -slavery orator. 5. BLYDmT. E. w. Christianity, I slam., and t.ne Negro Race.- London. SIMMONS. WILLIAM J. Men o:t* .Mark. WHEATLEY, PHILLIS, Reprint ol:' Works. Denver.

1888

l. The Dani eJ. Hana Funci established.. 3. Birth of JAMES FENTON JOHNSON. Birth of ROSCOE C. JAMISON, poet., 48

CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF NEGRO .AMERICA!~ LITERATURE

5. BROOKS. W. H. Beside the Sea. Poem. In A.M.E.C. Review.

DOUGLASS, FREDERICK. The Lite and Times of FRED~JRICK DOUGLASS. Hartford. GRIN\KE, CHARLOTTE L. FORTEN. At Newport. WILLIAMS, GEORGE. Negro Troops in tne Revolution. New York.

1889

3. Birth· o:r CLAUDE McKAY, author ot· Songs of Jamaica, and Spring in New Hampshire. 5. WILLIAMS, GEORGE. History of tne Reconstruction of the Insurgent States. 2 vols.

1890 l. Central Law School t'ounded. Kentucky.

Merri s Brown University 1·ounded. Atlanta, Georgia. PAUL LAURFlleE,. 5. DUNBAR," Poems of Qabin and Field. liENDF.JtSON, JOSIE D. HE.ARD. Morning Glori es.·

PA~E, BISHOP DAlUEL. History o:f the A.M.E. Church.

Wlil TM.AN• A. A. Dri:t'ted Leaves. St. Louis.

1891

1. Georgi a State Industrial College :rounded.

5. CRUMMELL• ALEXANDER •. A:f:"ri ca and America. 49

CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF NEGRO AMERICAN LITERATURE

5. SHORTER, SUS.AN. Heroines of Ai'rican method.ism.

1892

1. Mary Holmes Seminary founded. .Mi ssissi:ppi. 2. Death of BISHOP DANIEL A. PAYNE. 5. HARPER, FRANCESE. Iola Terry. (Novel.) Boston. 6. First Negro medical journal issued.

1893

4. T.tle Hi story o:t' Slavery in Connecticut. Johns Hopkins Presa. ll th Seri es. The Negro in tne District of Columoia. Johns Hopkins Press. 11th Seri es. 5. FRANKL! N, JAMES T. Mid·day Gl eami ngs. Memphi s.

GREGORY, JAMES .M. FREDERICK DOUGLASS, the Orator. Wiley Sons. Springl'i el d, .Massachusetts.

HARPm:R, FRANCES E. Moses: A Story of tne ~ile. 2nd Edition. Phil.adelphia. SMITH, AMANDA. Autobiography. .

l!:S94

5. LANGSTON, JOHN M. From a Virginia Plantation to the· National Capitol. Hartford.

WRIGHT, R. R. Negro Education in Georgia. Savannah. · 6. The Southern Workman/ 1 I P • I founcted. 50 CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF NEGRO AMERICAN LITERATURE 1895

1. National Association of Colored Women organized. National Medical Association (Negro) organized. State College !·or Colored Students established. lJelaware. 3. Birth of JOSEPH S. COTTER. 5. BIBB, ELOISE. Poems. Monthly Review Pre!!• PAUL LAURENCE. DUNBAR," ,Majors and Minors. New York. DUNBAR, ALI CE NElJSON. Violets and 0 ther Tales.

DAVIS, D. WEBSTER. Id.le Moments. Baltimore. HARPER, FRANCES E. I d.ylls of tne Bi ule. Philadelphia. MCCLELLAN, GEORGE M. ,Poems and storiettes. Nashville.

WASHil~GTON, BOOKER T. Address, C,ast Down Jour Bucket Where You ,A.re. Atlanta.

1896 l. :Barber Memorial Seminary founded. Alabama. National. Baptist Publishing House established oy ,DR. R.H. BOYD. 2. Death of Harriet Beecner Stowe.

4. Servitude in t.ne Colony of Nor'th Carolina. Johns Hopkins Studies. 14th Seri es. A Study of Slavery in New Jersey. Johns Hopkins Studies. 14th Series. 5. DU BOIS, w. E. B. Mortality Among Negroes in Cities. Atlanta Uni verai ty ::>eri es. DU BOIS, w. E. B. Suppression of tne African Slave Trade. Longmans, Green Company. New York. 51

CHRONOLOGYCAL OUTLINE OF NEGRO .AM:F..BICAN LITERATURE

PAUL J.,AURENCE, 5. DU1TB.AR. i' Lyri es of Lowly Li :t:·e. .New York. PAUL LAURE.NOE. . DUMBAR. ,... The Uncalled. . (Novel.) HARPER., FRANCES E. Sketches of Southern Life.

189? l. The .American !~ egro Academy organized. The American Negro Historical Society organized.

4. HARRIET (HARRIET TUBMAN), The Moses of Her People, by Sarah H. Bradford. 5. COFFIN, FRAMK B. COFFIN'S Poems and Ajax' a Ordeals. Little Rock, Arkansas.

DAVIS, D. WEBSTER. Weh Down Souf t and Other Po ems. Cleveland.

DU BOIS, w. E. B. Social and Physical Conditions of Negro es in Ci ti es. Atlanta Uni verai ty Seri es. PAUL LAUREMCE. DUNBAR. "Lyrics of Lowly Life. Lona.on. FORDHAM, .MARY WESTon. Magnolia Leaves, with introduction by BOOKER T. WASHINGTON. GREGORY, JAMES M. In Memoriam: FREDERICK DOUGLASS. ROMAN, c. v. Science and Christian Ethics.

6. Tuskegee_~~udent established.

1898

2. Death of U.S. Senator, B. K. BRUCE, author and statesman.

4. Anti-Slavery Leaders of North Carolina.. Johns Hopkins Studies. 16th Seri es. 52 CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF NEGRO AMERICAN LITERATURm

5. CARVER, G, w. Experiments with Sweet Potatoes. CARVER, G. w. Feeding Acorns. CROGM.AN, WILLIAM H. Progress of' a Race. Atlanta. COTTER, JOSEPH s. Lin.Ks of Friendship. Louisville, Kentucky..

CRUMMELL, ALEXANDER. The Attitude of tne .American .Mind towards t.ne Negro In tell eat. Washington. DU BOIS, w. E. B. Some Efforts of bJegroes for· Social Betterment. Atlanta University Series. PAUL LAURENCE. DUNBAR_, ~ Fol ks :t'rom Di xi e. PAUL LAURENCE. DUNBAR," Lyrics of Lowly Lit• e. New York. New Edi ti on•· ·

WASHINGTON, BOOK."ER T. Address t at Har. vard Alumni Dinner (The Negro is coming UPJ. Cambridge Massachusetts. WASHINGTON, BOOKER T. Address, Choosing tne Better Part. Chicago.

1899 l. META VAUX attention of Rodin. . WARRICK attracted. 5. CARVER, G. w. Fertiliger Experiments with Cotton. CHESNUTT, CHARLES W. FREDERICK 00 UGLASS: A Biography. Small, Maynard Company. Boston.

CHESNUTT, CHARLES W. The Conjure Woman (stories). Houghton, Mifflin Company. Boston.

CHESMUTT, CHARLES W. The Wife of Hi a Youth, and Other Stories of tne Color Line. .Houg.nton, m1·:1.·11m Company. DU BO.IS, w. E. :a. The Negro in .Business. Atlanta University Seri es. 53 CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF NEGRO .AivrmRICAU LITERATURE

5. DU BOIS• W. E. B, The Phil aa.elplli a :Negro. University ot· Pennsylvania. Philadelphia •. P.t\UL LAURENCE. DUNBAR,~ Lyrics ot'Hearthside~ PAUL LAURENCE,. DUNBAR,~ I.yri.ca of Lowly Life. New Yor~. DUNBAR, ALICE NELSON. The Goddess of St. Roque. Dodd, Mead Company. WASHINGTON, BOOKER T. The Future ox· the .American Negro. Small, .Maynard Company. Boston.

1900

1. Samuel .Houstoni college :ro uncled. Texas. :Beginning of Literary. Activity ot GEORGE REGNALL .M.ARGETSON.

( National Negro Business League organized.

4. Publication 01· Proceedings or Southern Sociological Congress.

5. BRAITHWAITE, WILLIAM STANLEY. Verses in magazines and newspapers. 1900 • 1904. CHESNUTT,' CHARLES W. The House Behind the Cedars. (Novel.} Boughton .Mirr11n Company. Boston. DU BOIS, W. E. B. The College Brea. Negro. Atlanta University Series.

DUNBAR, PAUL LA~ENCE. The Love of Landry. (l~ovel.) DUNBAR, PAUL LAllRENCE. The Strength of Gideon and Other Stories.

DUNBAR,. PAUL LAWRENCE. Uncle ,h;ph' a Chri atmas. (A one-act muai cal. sketch.) Washington, u.c. FLOYD, SILAS X~ ~oema in Jud~e; LiEpincottts, Youth's Con::panio.a 1 and Leslie a Weekl;[. 1900 ~ 1920. 54

CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF NEGRO AMER.IC.AM LITERATURE

5. FLOYD, SILAS X. Sonnets in New York Independent. 1900 - 1910 ..

FRA1'TKLIN. JAMES. Jessa.min~ Po ems. Memphi a.

HARPER 1 FRANCES E. Poems. Philadelphia. IJovnmoon, R. s. Why Hie, Haeo, Hoc, for the Negro? WASHINGTON, BOOKER T. The Story of my Life ana Work. Nichols and Company. Naperville, Illinois. WILLIAMS, F.fu.'T\ffiIE B. New Negro For a New Century. WORK, MONROE N. The Negro and Crime in Chicago. American ~ournal or Sociology.

1901

5. ARNETT, BISHOP B. W. The Poetical Works of JAMES MADI SON B:ELL, with Biographical Sketch. Lansing·, Michigan.

CARVER, G. W. Cercaspara of Macon County, Alabama.

CHESNUTT, CHARLES W. The Marrovt 01· Tradition. Houghton,1Vfifflin Company. ~oeton.

CLEM, CH.ABLES E. EDMOND. Rhymes of a Rhymester. Okl a.homa.

DU BOIS, W. E. B. The Negro Common School. Atlanta University Seri es.

DUNBAR, PAUL LAURENCE, Candle Lignting Time.

DUNBAR, PAUL LAUR'EN'CE. The Fanatics. (Novel.)

GRI:MKE, ARCHIBi\LD. Rtght on the Scaffol s.

McGIRT, JAMES E. Avenging tne Maine, 3rd Edi ti on. Phil ad.el phi a.

McGIRT • JAMES E. Some Simple Songs. Philadelphia. '55 CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF NEGRO AMERICAN LITERATURE

5. THOMAS, W. H. American Negro.

WASHINGTON, BOOKER T. Up from Slavery: An Autobiography. DoubJ.eda.y, Page and Company. New York.

WHI TM.Al~, A. A. An Idyll ot the south. New Yo r.Jc.

6. Boston Guard.i an established. Edited 'Oy l40NROE TROTTER.

1902 l. General Education Board established.

Beginning of literary activity ot ~EORGE WASHINGTON ELLIS. 5. BRAWLEY• B. G. A Toast to Love and Death. Atlanta. CRQGMAN, w. H. and GIBSON. Colored Americans.

CULP,· D. W. Twentieth uentury Negro. ~aperville 1 Illinois. DU BOIS, W. E. B. The Negro Artisan. Atlanta University Seri es.

FLOYD, SILAS X. The Li:f"e of C. T. WALK.tm.

GIBBS, M. W. Shadows and Lig.nt: An Autobiography. Washington, D. c. GRIGGS, SUTTON E. Unlettered. (Novel.) Nashville.

PENN, I. GARLAND and J·. W. E. BOWEN. The United Negroes , etc. · Proceedings 01· tne Negro Young People's Christian Congress. Atlanta. WASHINGTON, BOOKER T. Charaater Building. Dout>leday, Page and Company. New York.

1903 l. General Education Board chartered. '56 CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF NEGRO A.MERI CAN LITERATURE

1. Luther College founded. Louisiana. META WARRICK ( ScUlptress) exhi oi ted ner masterpiece in Paris. 4. References on Negro Question, compiled by A. c. P. Griffin. Library of Congress. 5. CARVER, G. W. Cow Peas. DU BOIS, W. E. B. The Negro Church. Atlanta University Seri es. DU BOIS, W. E. B. The Souls of Black Folk. Essa.;ys , ann Sketches. A. c. Mcclung and Company. Chicago. DUNBAR, PAUL LA'FIRENCE. In 01 d Pl an ta.ti on .Days.

DUNBAR, PAUL LAtTRENCE. Lyrics o:t Love and Laughter. DUNBAR, PAUL LAURENCE. vmen Malindy Sings. WORK, MONROE N. Negre Real Estate J:l.oldings in Chicago. Thesis :t·or .M.A.

1904

1. Ds;vton Training School for Girls :t·ounded. National. Association for Teaoners in Colored 8chools organized. 4. Study of .Negroes in United States.Government Printing Press. Washington, D. C. 5.. DINKINS, CHARLES R. Lyrics of Love. Col umt>i a, South Carolina. DU BOIS, w. E. B. Negro Church. In Science Quarterlz. DU BOIS, w. E. B. Notes on Negro Crime. Atlanta University Seri es. DUNBAR, PAUL LAVJRENCE. Lil' Gal. 57

CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF NEGRO .AMERICAN LITERATURE

6. DUNBAR, PAUL LAl.JRENCE. Poems of Uabin and b'ield. New ~ork. DUNBAR, PAUL LA\lRENCE. The Heart of liappy Hollow. JOHNSON, BEV. H. F. Wings of Ebony. Negro Soul Soarings. A.M.E. Book Concern. WASHINGTON, :BOOKER T. Working with the Hands. Doubleday, Paga and company. New York.

1906

4. From Servitude to service • .Boston Unitarian Association. 5. BRAWLEY, B. G. The Proolem, and Other Poems. Atlanta. CAMPBELL, JAMES EDWIN. Echo es from t.ne Cabin and Elsewhere. Chi ca.go. CARVER, G. w. Cotton Growing on Sand Upland Soils. CARVER, G. w. How to Build up Wornout Soils. CHESNUTT, CHARLES ·w. The Colonel ts Dream. (Novel•) Doubleda.v, Page and Company. ~ew York.

DU BOIS, W. E. B. A Sel eot Bibliography of tne .Negro American. Atlanta University Seri es. DUNBAR, PAUL LAVJRENCE. Howdy, Howdy, .tlowdy. DUNBAR, PAUL LAmENCE. Lyrics o:r sunshine and Shadow.

FLOYD, SILAS X. FLOYD'~ Flowers. Atlanta. FORD, REV. R. E. Brown ts Chapel. (A Story in verse.) FORTUNE, T. THOMAS. DBE.AMS OF LIFE. !few York.

GRIGGS, SUTTON E. The Hind.er ed. Hand. Nashville. 58 CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF NEGRO AMERICAN LITERATURE

5. WASHINGTON, BOOKER T. Religious Life of the North American Negro. WORK, MONROE N. Gucher Folklore. Southern Warlanan.

1906

1. Fraternity organized at Cornell Uni vei·si ty. JJiscontinuance of Voice of the ·Negro.

2. Death o:r PAUL LAURErr:WE DUMBAR.

Death 01· FLORA B~TSON, noted singer.

5 • .ALLEN, J. M. Rhymes 1 Tal ea 1 and Rhymed Tales. Topeka, Kansas.

BRAITHWAITE, WILLIAM. STANLEY. _The Book of Elizabethan Verse. t An tho logy.) H. B. Turner and Company. Boston. ·

BRAWLEY, .B.· G. The Desire o:t· the Moth for tne Star. (A Collection of' Poems on Various Subjects.) CARVER, G. w. Saving the Sweet Potato Crop. CARVER, G. W. Sue cessful Yields of' Small Grains.

CARVER~ G. W. The San Jose Scale in Alabama. DU BOIS, W. E. B. Atlanta Requiem. Indepenaent.

DU BOIS, W. E. B. Heal th and Physique of tne American Negro. Atlanta University Seri es.

DUNBAR, PAUL LAUR~TCE. Joggin' Erlong.

KI:NG, JEFFERSOU. Darky Philosophy told in Rhyme. Chicago.

T.ALBF.RT 1 HORACE. The Sona of .All, en. Xenia, Ohio.

TERRILL, MARY CHURCH. PAUL LAURENCE DUNBAR. Voice of the Negro. 59 CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF NEGRO AMERICAN LITERATURE

5. 'tl Philadelphia. WORK. MONROE N. Some Parallelisms in the Development of A:f'ri can and Other Races. southern· Workman.

1907

1.- Anna j~ Jeane• s Fund established• .National Training school for Women and Girls ro.und.ed.

2. Death of DR. WILLIAM H. McALPINE, organizer and first president ot' the National Baptist Convention. writer. · 5. BRAITHWAITE, WILLIAM STANLEY. The Book of Elizabethan Verse. 2nd edition. .l:foston.

CARVER, G. W. Saving the Wild Plum.

UORROTHERS, REV. JAMElS D. .Selected Poems, DU BOIS, w. E. B. Ecomonic uooperation Among Negroe .Americans. · Atlanta University Seri es. DU BOIS, w. E. :a. The Negro in tne Soutn, with W. E. B. DU BOIS and .t\OOKER T. WASHINGTON. Philadel- phia.. DUNBAR • PAUL LAURENCE. Chris tma.s i s a 'Comi n' , and Other Poems. New York.· MCGIRT, JAMES E. The Triumph of Ephriam. Phil ad el phi a. SHACKELFORD, WILLIAM H. Poems.

WASHINGTON, BOOKER T. Negro Doctor in ttte South. IBDe;eendent. 60 CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF NEGRO AMERICAN LITERATURE

5. WASHINGTOU, BOOKER T. The Negro in Business. Hertel, JenJdns and Company. C.b.ioago. WIGGINS, LIDA KECK. Life and Works of PAUL LAWRENCE DUNBAR. Naperville, Illinois.

WORK, MONROE N. The African aedi cine &an. Southern Workman.

1908

2. Death o:t' "BLIND TOM"• THOMAS HETHUNE 1 musical prodigy.

Deatnof EBENEZER BASSETT, first ~egro to nold. appointment by United States government. b. BRAITHWAITE, WILLIAM STANLEY. Book ot· Elizabet.nan Verse. London. · .tsRAITHWAITE, WILLIAM STANLEY. The House of Jtal.ling · Leaves. (Po ems.) Luce and Company. Boston. CARVER, G. W. How to cook Cow Peas. CARVER, G. w. Increasing tile Yield of corn. CARVER, G. w. Relation of Weather and Soil Condition to t.ne J'rui t Id Industry of South East Alaoama. JJU BOIS, W. E. B. T.t:le Negro .American Family. Atlanta University Seri es.

DUNBAR, PAUL LAURENCE. Lyrics of Lowly Life. Introduction oy w. D. Howells. New York. HATCHER, WILLIAM D. John Jasper. Fleming H. Revell company. New Y. ork.

MILLER 1 KELLEY. Race Adjustment. .tieal Publi sni.ng Company. WORK, MONROE N. An African System of Writing. soutnern workman. ·61 CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF NEGRO .AMERICAN LITERATURE

5. WORK, .MONROE N. How to Jri t the School to the ~eeds of .the Community. Soutnern Workman.

WORK, MONROE N. The Negro ~hurch and the uommunity. southern Workman. 6. Journal of the (Negro) National Medi cal Association.

1909

1. Phelps-Stokes b'und established. National !"egro jjar Association organized. National Negro Press Association organized.

National Association 1·or the Advancement 01· Colored People organ! zed.

5. BOYD, R. H. Sund.a¥ School Oommen ta.ry. Na.shvill e. BRAITHWAITE, WILLIAM STANLEY. The Book or Georgian Ve~se. ( Ant.nology.) , C.ARVER, G. w. How to Make Cotton Growing Pay.

CARVW~. G. w. Some Ornamental Plants of Ma.con County. COTTER, JOSEPH S. A WHite Song and a Black One. Louisville, Ken tuc.lcy'. DU BOIS,. W. E. B. Ef1·orts ror Social Betterment Among Negro Americans. Atlanta University Series. DU BOIS, w. E. B. Georgia Negroes and tneir. Fil·ty Milli one oI' Savings. World's Work.

DU BOIS w. E. B. John Brown.. (American Crisis· Biographies.). George w. Jacoos and Company. Philadelphia. DUNBAR, PAUL LA1(1RENCE. Lyri ca of. Sunsiline and Shadow. b'ERMER, KOHN P. Religious .b'olk Songs of the Negro. Hampton, Vi rgi ni a.. 62 CHRONOLOGIC.AL OUTLINE OF NEGRO AMERICAN LITERATURE

5. FISHER, ISAAC. Plan to give South a System of Highways suited to its .tieeds. (Prize Essay • .Manufacture' s Record. Bal ti more.) · FI SHER• ISAAC. German and. American Metho d.s of regulating Trusts. Hart, Scha:t":fner and .Marx Economic Committee. ··· (Prize Essa¥.) Chicago.

HARPER, WALTER EVERETT. Chords and Di soords. Washington.

McGIRT, JAM.ES E. For You~ Sweet Sake. Jo;\m C. Winston Company. Philadelphia. PENN, I. G.ABLAND. The United Negro. Atlanta. RICHARDSON, CLEMENT. Slavery in .Massachusetts. Colored American.

WASHINGTON, BOOK.ER T. Negro and t.ne Solid Sout.n. !na.ependen!• WASHINGTON, BOOKER T. N~groe'e ·p1,ace in American Life. Outlook •.

WASHIMGTON, BOOKE.R T. Negro Rural .School a and Teachers. Southern Workman. WASHINGTON, BOOKER T. Relation of Industrial Education to National Progress. Annals of .American AcadetJll of Political.and Social Science. WASHINGTON, BOOKER T. Some Results of the Armstrong Idea. southern workman.

WASHINGTON, BOOKER T. The Story of tne ~egro. Doubleday, Page and Company. New York. WASHINGTON, BOOKER T. The South and Negro Education. Southern Workman. WHEATLEY• PHILLIS. Reprint of Works. Philadelphia. WORK, MONROE N. The African Jt'amily as an Institution. Southern Warlanan. 63 CHRONOLOGIC.AL OUTLINE OF NEGRO .AliIERICAN LITERATURE

1910

1. Negro National Educational. Congress. National Equal Rights League organized. Negro Society for Historical Research organized. 5. C.ARlmR, G. W. Nature Study and Gardening for Rural Schools. CARVER, G. W. Possibilities of tne Sweet Potato in :Macon County, Al abama. DU BOIS, W. E. B. Negro Property. World Today.

DU BOIS, W. E. B. Re cons truoti on and It ts Bene:t'i ts. &nerican History Revie!• , DU BOIS, W. E. B. Souls of White :&'olka. Independent.

DU BOIS, w. E. B. The College Bred Negro .American. Atlanta University Seri ea.

HARTSHORN, WILLI.Al! NEWTON. Era of Progress ana. Promise. Boston. JOHNSON, MAGGIE POGUE. Virginia Dreams. JONES, EDWARD S. A Sylvan Cabin. Boston. RAY, CORDELI"A. Poems. New York. RICHARDSON, CLEMENT. Language Lessons. Tuskegee Institute Press. SCOTT, E. J. I s Liberia Worth Saving? · SCOTT, E. J. , Tuskegee and I ts People. Doubleday, Page Company. New York.

WASHil~GTON, BOOKER T. Educate Six Million Negro Children. World's Work.

WASHINGTON, BOOKER T. Uni verei ty Education For Negroes. · Inde;pend.ent. 64 CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF NEGRO AlVlERICAN LITERATURE

6. WORK, MONROEN. At·ricanAgriculture. southern Workman. 6. Founding of The Crisis. Found.i ng of Fisk Uni ver si ty News.

1911 l. Trustees of Phelps-Stokes Fund/ incorporated.

Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity organized at Indiana University.

Negro Society 01· Historical Research organized.

Nationa.l League on Urban Condi ti one .Among llegroes organized. 2. Death of FRANCES E. HARPER.

5. BRAWLEY, B. G. The Dawn, and Other Poems. Washington, D.C. C.ARVER, G. w. Cotton Growing for RuraJ. Schools. CARVER, G. W. Some.Possioilities of tne Cow Peas in Macon County, Alaoama. CARVER, G. w. White and Colored Washing Wi tJl Native Clays from NJ.aeon County, Alabama. CLIFFORD, C.ARRIE W. Race Rhymes. Washington. DAVIS, D. WEBSTER. The Li:f"e and Public Service o:t· the REV. WILLIAM W. :BROWN. DU BOIS, W. E. B. Forty Years of Freedom. Missionary Review or the World. DU BOIS, w. E. B. The Common Scho9l and the Negro American. Atlanta University Seri 'es. DU BOIS, W. E. B. The Negro. Home University Li orary Seri es. Henry Holt and Company. New York. 65 CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF NEGRO AMF.RICAN LITERATURE

5. DU BOIS·'. W. E. B. The Q.uest o:r tne Silver Fleece. (Novel. / A. c. McCl urg and Company. Chi. cago. JONES, E. SMITH. The Sylvan Cabin. RICHARDSON, CLEMENT. Durham. a city or Negro Enterprise. Southern Workman. THOMAS, I. L. Methodism and the Negro. Cincinnati. WASHINGTON, BOOKER T. In:formation on Negro Colleges. World' a Work.

WASHUiGTON, BOOKER T. My larger E

1912

1. Committee of Twelve organized• (1912"i) 5. BEADLE, s. A. Lyrics of the Underworld. Jackson, :Mi ssi aeippi. CARVER, G. w. Dairying in Connection with Farming. CP..RVER, G. VI. Poultry Raising in Mason County.

CARVER, G. \V. The Pi cklimg and C~ring of Meats. CARVER, G. w. The Canning and Preserving o:r Fruita and vegetables in the Home. DU BOIS. w. E. B. The Negro .American Artisan. Atlanta University Seri ea.

DU BOIS, W. E. B. Upouilding of Bla.c~ Durham. warl d • s Work.

FISHF..R, ISAAC.- The Ten Beet Reasons wily People shoUl.d live in Missouri. (St. Louis Po st Di spat ch. Prize Essay.) HENSON, MATT. A.. Negro at the North Pole. New York. 60 CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF NEGRO AMERICAN LITERATURE

5. KENNEY, J. A. The Negro in Medi cine. Tuskegee Institute. MURRAY, DANIEL. Encyclopedia ol' the Negro. Washington.

PI CK.ENS,. WILLIAM. Utica.. Independent. RI CHARDSON , CLEMENT. BOOKER T. WASHINGTON. Ambition. RICHARDSON, CLEMENT. GEORGE w. CARVER., Technical World,

RI CHARDSON , CLEMEMT. Slave Supers ti ti on. southern Worlana.n. ROMAN, c. v. Religion, a lvecessity to Man. WASHINGTON, BOOKER T. Is the Negro having a fair Cha.nee. Century•

WASHINGTON, BOOKER T. Negro Crime and Strong Drink. Journal of American Institute. WASHINGTON, BOOKER T. The Negro and. Illiteracy. I ndepena.en:t. WASHINGTON, BOOKER T. The .Man Furthest JJown. Doubleday, Page and Company. Garden City, New York.

WORK, M. N. Negro Year Book, lat Edi ti on. Tuskegee, Alabama.

YOUNG, CHARLES. Military: Morale of Nations and Races. Kansas City.

1913

2. Death of DR •. A. w. ABBOTT, one of the first :N·egro Doctors admitted to Army Service. Death of HARRIET mUBMAN, abolitionist. 5. BACOTE s. w. Wnots Who .Among the Colored Baptists of the'u,s. Hudson Publishing Company. Kansas City. Mi seouri. 67 CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF NEGRO AMERICAN LITERATURE

5. BRAITHWAITE, WILLIAM STAl-JLEY. Anthology of Magazine Verse for 1913~ Including the Magazines and the Poets, a review. t;ambridge, Massachusetts. BRAWLEY, B. G. ~Short History of the American Negro • . Macmillan Company.

C.ARVER, G. W. A Study in tpe ~oils in Macon County. Alabama, and their adaptability to certain Crops. DU BOIS, W. E. B. Morals and Manners Among Negroes • .A tl an ta Uni v er si ty Series.

DU BOIS, W. E. B. Negro in Literature and Art. (.American Academy of Poli ti cal and Social Science.) DU BOIS, W. E. B. Social Effects of Emancipation. Survey.

DUNBAR, PAUL LA'URENCE. Complete Poems. DUNBAR, .ALICE NELSON. Masterpieces of Negro Eloquence. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.

FULLER, F. A. Twenty Years of Public Life. .Memphis. GAUDET, MRS. F, J. He Leadeth Me, an Autobiography. New Orleans. HARE. MAUD Ci'INEY. NORRIS WRIGHT CANEY. New York.

JOHNSON, J~QIIES F. A Little Dreaming. Peterson Efnotyping Company. Chicago. ·LINDEN, CHARLOTTE E. Scraps of June. PHILLIPS, J. T. A Quick Review in English Grammar. Petersourg.

PI CK.ENS, WILLIAM. :FREDERICK DOUGLASS, (Lecture.} r;·.. /,j,. RI CH.ARDSON, ·CLEMENT. Building Rural sd1o'oi s. (Booklet.) Tuskegee Institute Press. RICHARDSON, CLEMENT. Early Days at Tuskegee. Southern Workman. 68

CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF NEGRO AMERICAN LITF.RATURE

5. RICHARDSON, CLEMENT. What Negroes are doing in Durham. Southern Workman. ROMAN, c. V. Racial Self Respect. TIM:BERL.AKE, c. L. Houaehol d Ethics and Inciustri al Training in Colored Schools. FranKfort. · WASHINGTON, BOOKER T. I nd.ustri al Ed.ucati on, Puoli c Schools, and the Negroes. Annals o:f' American Acadellll of Poli ti cal and Social soi ence. WASHINGTON, BOOKER T. New Type of Rural School :t·or Negro ea. Survey. WORK, MONROE N. Negro Criminality in South. Annal·s of .Am.eri can Acad~ of Poli ti cal and Social Science.

1914

1 • Ro eenwal d Fund. eatabl i sn ed. 5 •.ADAMS, VIELLINGTON. Lyrics of an !fumble Birt.n. Washington, D.C.

ALEXANDER, CHARLES. The Battles and Victories of Allen Allenworth. BRAITHWAITE, WILLIAM STANLEY. Anthology or Magazine Verse for 1914. BRAITHWAITE, WILLIAM STANLEY. The Book of Georgian Verse, etc. London.

CORBETT, MAURICE N. The Harp of Ethiopia. Nashville, Tennessee. CORROTHERS, REV. JAMES D. The Dream and tne Sbng.

c~.SEY •· A. B. .American Engl1 sh Law on Titles. CRAWFORD, GEORGE W. Prince Hal to His Followers. CROM.WELL, J. w. Tne Negro in American 'History. DANCER, w. E. Today and. Yistidi;;:J• Tuskegee, Alabama. 69 CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE QF NEGRO .AMERICAN LITERATURE

5. DUNBAR, PAUL LAWRENCE. Speakin' o' Christmas. ELLIS, GEORGE W. Negro Culture in West AI'ri ca. The Neale Puolishing Company. New York.

FISHER, ISAAC. What We Have Learned About Rum. Essay. Everybody's .Magazine.

~CRLIN, JOHN M. Democracy and Race Friction. Macmillan. New York.

MILLER, KELLEY. Out of the House of Bondage. Neale Publishing Compa."'ly. .New York. MATON, ROBERT R. Signs of· u-rowing Cooperation. southern Workman. O'HARA, J. M. The E oon Muse and 0th er Po ems made English. Leon Laveaux. Portland. ROM.AN, c. V. A Fraternity Message.. Chri ati an Herald. Toronto. ROM.AN, C. v. Racial Problems and lieal th. ROM.AM, c. V. The Church in Relation to u-rowing Race Fri de.

STEW.ARD, T. G. The Haitian Revolution. New Yor.1.<:. WORK, MONROE, The Negro Industrial Pro ol em. a Southern Workman.

1915 l. Slater Fund expended $68,808 toward Negro Education. (1914-1915)

National Negro Heal th Week cegan.

Educa.ti onal Tour of Louisiana led by BOOKER T, WASHINGTON. ERNEST JUST awarded Spenj arn medal. lies ear ch in Biology.

2. Death 01· WI ST.AR MIFFLIN GIBBS, .. 1 ecturer • ?O

CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF NEGRO .AMERICAN LITERATURE

2. Death of JAMES M. GREGORY, author.

Death of BISHOP TURNER.

4. Comprehensive survey o!' all l?ri vate ana. Public Schools ror Negroes, oy Thomas Jesse Jones.

5. ASHBY, WILLIAM. Redder Hlood.

BATTLE, EFFIE T. Gl eani nga from Di xi e Land. Okalona, Mi ssi saippi.

BRAI THW.AI TE, WILLI.AM STANLEY. Anthology ot· Magazine Verse Io r 1 915. N e\Y York.

BROOKS, W. s. Foot Prints 01 a Hlaok Man in the Holy Land. St. Louis.

CARVER, G. W. A 1-Te\v Prolific Variety of Corn. CARVER, G. w. Alfalfa, the King of all ]'odder. Plants successfully grown in Macon County, Alaoama.

CARVER, G. W. Helps :for Hard Time.

CARVER, G. W. How to Raise Pi gs with Little Money. CARVER, G. w. Possibilities of tne Sweet Potato in Macon County 1 Alabama. CARVER, G. W. Smudging an 0 r chard with .Na ti ve .Materials of Alabama.

CARVER, G. W. \Vhen, What, and How to Can, or. Preserve Fruita and Vegetables in the Home.

FORTSON, BETTI OLA HELOISE. Mental Pearls; Original Po ems and Essay e. Chicago.

JmEL, MELISSA. BLIND BOONE, His Work and Achi.evements.

GIL.MORE, G. F. The Proolem of Military Novel., Rochester, New York.

HAMMOll, JUPITER. Po ems and Addres e of OSCAR WEGELIM. Naw York.

Hl CKS, WILLI.AM. History of Louisiana .Negro Bapti ats. Naahvill e. 71

CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF NEGRO AMERICAN LITERATURE

5. HOLTZCLAW, W. H. The Black Man' a Burden. New York.

JOHNSON, ADOLPHUS. The Silver Chord. Philadelphia.

JOHNSON, JAMES F. Songs of the t;oil. Traohel.burg Company. .New York.

JOHNSON, JAMES WELDON. Ga¥eacas, or t!.le Rival Lovera. New York.

LEE, R. L. Rac_ial Episcopacy. Greenvflle, .Miaaiesippi. LYNCH, CHARLES.· Glad.ya Klyne and more .tiarmony. ME.ANS, STERLING M. The Deserted Caoin and Other Poems. · Atlanta.

ROMAN, C. V. The .Negro Woman and .H.eal th Pro bl ems.

SHACKELFORD, WILLIAM H. Along the Highway. Nashville. S'.eEWARD, MRS. s. M. Women in Medicine. Wiloer:t'orce, Ohio.

WJ\LKER, T. H. B. J. JOHNSON, or the Un.1a1own .Man. De Land, Floriida. WASHINGTON, BOOKER T. Are We Making Good.? Independent.

WASHINGTON, BOOKER T. Inferior and Superior Hacea. North American Review.

WASHINGTON, BOOK:mR T. My View ot· Segregation Lawa. New Repuol~£~

1918.

2. Death of ••SAM IiUCAS" (SAMUEL MILADY), author o:f Grandfather' e Clock was too Tall f'or the Snelt'.

MARTHA SCOFI:arr..D, Pioneer Negro Educator, by Dr. Matilda A. Evans. Columbia. ?2 CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF NEGRO AMERICAN LITERATURE

5. BRAITHWAITE, WILLIAM ST.MlLEY~ Anthology of Magazine Verse for 1916. New York.

CARVER, G. VI. How to grow Peanuts: 105 Ways o:f Preparing them f~r Human Consumption. CARVER, G. w. How to Live Comfortably t.nis Winter. CARVER, G. W. Three Delicious Meals Every Day for the Farmer. CARVER, G. W. What Shall We do for Fertilizer tnis Year? DUNBAR, ALICE NELSON. People ot· Golar in Louisiana. Journal of :Negro· History.

DUNBAR, PAUL LAWRENCE. Comp! ete Po ems. N ev1 York.

MARGETSON, GEORGE R. The Fledgling Bard, and the Poetry Society. Badger. Boston.

McCLELLAN, GEORGE M. T.ne Path of Dreama. Loui avil! e •

.M.GTON, ROBERT R. Racial Good Will. HI CHARDSON, CLEMENT. BOOKER T. WASHINGTON, Servant o:r Hi a Fellow Men. Missionary Review of· the World.

RICH.ARDSOll, CLEMENT •. Examining the Near Illiterate. Soutnern workman.

RICHARDSON, CLEMENT. Simon and the ~lack Gum Tree. In Nursery Tales from Many Landa. Seri bner. RICHARDSON, CLEMENT. The Spirit of Tuskegee. Survey. ROM.AN, c. v. American Civilization and the Negro. Philadelphia. SCOTT, E. J. end STOWE. BOOKER T. WASHINGTON, Builder o:r Civilization. Doubleday, Page and Company• New York. WASHINGTON, BOOKER T. Fifty Years of Negro Progress. Farmer. WORK, MONROE N. The Passing Traaition and the African Civilization._ Journal of Negro History. 73 CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF NEGRO .AMERICAN LITERATURE

5. WRIGHT, R. R., JR. Oentenni al Encyclopedia or A.M.E. Church. Philadelphia.

6. Journal 01: Neesro History (~ua.rterly) established.

1917

UL) (1) 4. Granny Maumee, by Torrence Ridgley. Macmil.J.an Company. .New York. The Rider or Dreama, by Torrence .Ridgley. J111acmillan Company. ('Z) (11 Simon, the cyrenian, by Torrence Rid~frq. Macmillan Company.

5. ADAMS, c. Ethiopia, the Land 01· Promise. BRAITHWAITE, WILLIAM STANLEY. .Anthology of .Magazine Verse :f'or 191 ?. Small Maynard· and Company. Hoston.

BRAITHWAITE, WILLIAM STANLEY. The Poetic Year for 1916. A Critical Anthology. Small Maynard and Company. Boston. BRAWLEY, B. G. Hi.story of Morehouse College. Atlanta. CARMICHAEL, w. Ttm.NER. From the Heart o:t· Folks and Other Poems. CARTER, R. A. Morning .Meditations and Other Selections. Atlanta. CARVER, G. w. How to Dry Fruits and Vegetaol es. CARVER, G. W. Twelve Ways to .Meet the New Economic Conditions Here in tne South.

li'LEMING, SARAH LEE. Hope's Highway. .New YorK.

HENDERSON, G. W. Seaman Studies. Phil ad el phi a. JOHNSON, J. w. Fi:rty Years and Other Poems. New Yor.ie. ~ 74

CHRONOLOGI C.AL OUT.LINE OF NEGRO AMER! CAN LITERATURE

5. M.0JrOlr, ROBERT R. Tuskegee•s Ideals for tne .Negro. Mi esionary Eevi ew.

SHEPPARD, W. H. Presbyterian Pioneers in tne Congo. Ri c.tlmo nd.

1918

5. BRADY, ST~ ELMO. Household Chemistry for Girls. Tuskegee Institute.

BRAWLEY, B. G. Africa and the war. New York. BRAWLEY, B. G._ The Negro in Li tera.ture and Art. Dut·fi el d and Company.

BRAWLEY, B. G. New .Era Declamations. Sewanee Press.

BRAWLEY, :B. G. Our Negro Neighoo1·s. ·Macmillan. BRAWLEY, B. G., Women of Achievement. A.B.H.M. Society. Uhi cago.

C.AlWICHAEL, W. T. In the Heart of a Folk. Boston. CARVER, Gt. w. How to Make Sweet Potato Flour. CARVER, G. w. How the Farmer can Save His Sweet Potato ea.

COTTER, J • s. Band 01' Gideon and. Other Lyrics. .tso a ton. DU BOIS, W. E. B. An Autobiography, The Crisis.

DUMB.AR, ALICE NELSO~T. Life and Works of PAUL LAWRENCE DUNBAR.

EDW.A.'DT\S.t\4"U.I , w• J • Twenty-five Years in the .Black Belt • Boston. JAMISON, ROSCOE C. The Negro Soldier. M.QSSELL, MRS. N. F. Ai'ro-Ameri can Women. · M.arON, ROBERT R.- An Autot>iography. world's woirk. 75

CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF NEGRO AMERICAN LITERATURE

5. ROMAN, c. v. Unsati s1·ied Valance. The Social HYiiene 9uarterll•

ROMAN 1 O. V. WaJ.king in tne Li gnt. WOODSON, CARTER G. A Century of llegro Migration. Washington.

1919

2. l.Jeath of J·.AMEs D. CORROTHERSt poet and essayist. Death or JOSEPH COTTER, poet. BEASLEY, D. L. The Negro Trail Bl.8$ers of Cali:rornia•

.BRAWLEY, B. G. A Short History of the .American .Negro. Revised Edi ti on. Macmillan.

J::SRAWLEY, B. G. Women 01· Achievement. .New York. CO.PPl?l:1l!, L. J. Unwritten History. Philadelphia. DUNBAR, ALICE NELSON. Negro Women In the World War. FULLILOVE, .M. s. Who is Responsible? Cincinnati. HOLLIDVTAY. J. w. From the Desert. New York. JONES, G. H. Education in Theory and Practice. Boston. RICHARDSON, CLEJmNT. Cyclopedia. of' Colored Race. Nati on al Publishing uompany. Montgomery, Al aoama.

SCOTT, E. J. His~ory of .American Negro in World War. WILKES, LAURA E. Missing Pages in Am.eri can Hi story. Washington, D.C. WOODSON, CARTER G. The Education o,f the .Negro prior to 1861. Washington, :D.C. WORK, MONROE N. Negro Year :Book. '7th Edition. 76 CHRONOLOGIC.AL OUTLINE OF NEGRO AMERICAN LITERATURE

1920

2. Death ot GEORGE WASHINGTON ELLIS, author ana lecturer. 5. ANDREWS, R. M. John Merrick, a Eiographical Sketch. Durham, North Carolina.

DU BOIS, W. E. B. Dark Water. Harcourt, ~race and Howe. .New York. FLEMING, SARAH LEE. Cloud and sunahir,ie.

GREENE. J. P. Fact Stranger tnan ~iction. Cleveland. GRIMKE, A. w. Rachael, a Play in 3 Acts. Boston. Htn.1TON, A. W. and K. M. JOHNSON. Two Colored Women with the American Expeditionary .!forces. Boston. JOHNSON, FENTON. Tales of Darkest Africa. Chicago. MASON, M. and A. FURR. The .American Negro Soldier with tne Red Hand. "oston.

M~.TON • ROBERT R. Finding a Way Out. New York. SCOTT, E. J. Migration of tne Negro during the War. Oxt'ord Press. STEWARD, T. A. Fit·ty Years in the Gospel Ministry. Phil adel phi a. WRIGHT, ZARA. White and Hlack Tangled Threads. Chi ca.go.

1921

2. Death 01 LUCIAN B. WATKINS, author 01· Drama.. Talley Brothers. Dea.th of CHARLES T. WALKER, minister ana 1 ecturer. HRAWLEY, B. G. A Short rlietory of the English Drama. Harcourt, Brace and Company. New York. 77

CHRONOLOGI C.AL OUTLil~E OF NEGRO AMERICAN LITERATURE

5. BRA~EY, B. G. A Social Hi story of the American Negro. Macmillan· Company. New York.

HILL, LESLIE PINCKNEY. The Wings of Oppression~ · .ao ston • .MILIJER, KELLEY. An Open Letter to President Harding. Is Race Difference Fundamental 1 External, Inescapable? Washington, D.C.

WOODSON, C.ARTER G. The Hi story o:t· the Negro Cnurch. Associated Publishers. Washington, D.C •

. 1922

2. Death of R. H. BOYD, founder. o:t' Baptist Puoli~shing House. Death ot .Mrs, c. A. Atwell, founder ot' fi rat ,.Negro puoli c school in Philadelphia. 4. Gonzales, Ambrose E. Black Border; Gullah Stories of the Carolina Coast. 6. BRAGG, GEORGE E. The Hi story of the A:fro-}Jneri can Group o:f the Episcopal Church.

BULLARD. M. H. Heart to Heart Talks with Teachers. Atlanta.

FISHER. MILES MARK. The Master's Slave. (Biography.) JACKSON, W. C. A Boy' s Life o :t· BOOKER T. WASHIUGTON.

HAYNES• GEORGE E. The Trend o:r the Races.

LEWIS, JULIAN H. and DEBORAH HENDERSON. The Racial Distribution of Isohemagglutinin Groups. PICKENS, \V!LLIAM. The Heir of Slaves.

TAiiLEY, THOMAS W. Negro Folk ~ymea. New York.

VTILLIAMSOM, HARRY A. The Negro in Masonic Literature. '78 CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLilfE OF NEGRO AMERICAN LITERATURE

1923

2. Death of' MADAM AZALEA HACKLEY.

5. PICKENS, WILLIAM. The Vengeance of tne Gods. Nashville. Survey of Literature on the Negro. Crisis, March 19. BIBLIOGRAPHY

l. ALEXANDER, WILLIAM T. History of.· the Colored Race in America. Palmetto Publi ahing Company. Kansas City, .Missouri. 188'7. 2. Allen, James ·Lane. Works. New York. 1891. (Dialect Stories.)

3. American Cycloped.ia. Vols. I and II.

4. Annals of American Acadep.Y of° Political and Social Science. New York.

5. Appl etont s Cyclopedia of American .t:iiography. · Vols I and VI. 6. BACOTE, s. w. Who's Who Among Colored Baptists of the United Sta~ea. Kansas City, Missouri. 1913.

? • .HAKER, THOMAS NELSON. The Negro Woman. A.M.E. Book Concern. Nashville, Tennessee.

8. Bates, Katherine Lee. American Literature. New York. 1898. 9. BRAITHWAITE, WILLIAM S'IANLEY. An Anthology of .American l:'o etry. Gomme and Marshall. New York. 1918.

10. BRAWLEY, BENJAMIN G. MS. Letter from Broc~-t.op, Massachusetts, May 1, 1922, to CLEMENT RICHARDSON.

11. BRAWLEY, BENJAiilN G. The Negro in Li tera.ture and Art. Duf:fi eld and Company. New York. 1918.

12. BRAWLEY, BENJAMIN G. Short Hi story of the American Negro. Macmillan Company. New York. 191?. 13. Bronson, Walter c. .American Poems. Chicago. University Press. 1920.

?9 80 CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLIME OF NEGRO AMERICAN LITERATURE

14. Cairnes, J. E. The Slave Power. Carleton Publishing· Company. 1862

15. CARVER, GEORGE W. MS. Letter oon~aining list of pamphl eta puoli shed, April. 1923, to CLEMENT RICHARDSON. 16, Catholic World. Vol. 30. 17. Channing, Edward. Hi story of United States. New York. 1898.

18. Clark, James Freeman. Nineteenth Century ~ueations. Boston. 1895. 19. COPPIN, BISHOP L. J. Unwritten History. A.M.E. Book Concern. Nashville, Tennessee. 1919. 20. CRAWFORD, GEORGE. Prince Hall and His Followers. New York. 1914.

21. C;r;:~ Di fh ~1111· Octooer, 1922. 22. Crisis, The. April, "1923. 1923. 23. Cri si a 1 The.•• March,

24. Crisia 1 The. january, 1923. 25. CROGMAN', W. H. and KLETZING. Progress of a Race. Toronto, Ontario. i·aga. 26. CROMWELL, JOHN w. Negro in American Hi story. American Negro Academy. Washingtont 1914. 2·1. Daniels, John. In Freedom's Birthplace. Boston. 1914. 28. Detweiler, Frederick G. The Negro Press in the u.s. University o:t' Chicago Preas. 1922. 29. DU BOIS, W.E.B. The Negro, Henry Holt Company. New York. 1915.

30. Early, Juoal A. The Heritage of the South. 1915.

31. FI SHER, ISAAC. MS, Letter containing list of prizes won oy writing, April , l 923, to CLEMEl'iT RICHARDSON. 81 CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF NEGRO AMERICAN LITERATURE

32. Foley• John P. The J et·f ersoni an Cyolopedi a.. Fun.tt and Wagnalls Company. l9UO.

33. Foster (and De Wolfe). Life and Times 01· FREDERICK DOUGLASS. Boston. 1892. 34. OOnziilea, Aii&~~:e. The Black Borcier. Columoia. South Carolina. 1921.

35. Gui

37. Heartman, Charles Frederick. Poems ol' PHILLIS WHEATLEY. New York. n.d.

38. Herbert, Hillary. The Abolition Crusade and i ta Consequences. New York. 1912. 39. HICKS, WILLIAM. History of ,the Louisiana Baptists. Nashville~ Tennessee. 1914.

40. Higginson, Thomas. Wentworth. study of" .Negro Songs. Bo s ton , 1889 • 41. Hollida¥, Carl. A History of Southern Literature. 1906. 42. Howells, w. D. Introduction to Po ems of DUNBAR. New York. 1919. 43. Jefferson, Thomas. Writings of. New York. 1788 - 1792. 44. JOHNSON, EDWARD A. Negro Race in .America. Isaac Goldman Company. New York. 1911. 45. JOHHSON, GEORGIA DOUGLASS. MS. Letter containing list of poems and name of new book; Washington, D.C., April l, 1922, to CLEMENT RICHARDSON. 46. JOHNSON, JAMES WELDON. Book of American Negro Poetry. Harcourt, Brace and Company. New York. 1922. 82 CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF NEGRO AMERICAN LITERATURE

47. JOHNSON, JULIA E. The Negro Proolem. New York. 1921. 48. Johnson• s Universal Cyclopedia. Vol. I.

49. JONES, JOSHUA. Letter containing list o:t· poems and name o!· book published, April. 1922, te CLEMENT RI CHARDSOJ!.T.

50. Journal ot· Ne~ro Hi sto~. October, 1922.

51. Journal o:t·· Ne~ro Hi ator.l• January. 192:3. 52. Journal of Ne~ro His tO!:.l • Vol. I - VI• 53. Keelin, R. T. Contemporary Poetry of" the .Negro. 1921.

54. Krehbiel, Henry E. Afro ... Ameri can Folk Songs. New York. !914. 55. Leisure Hour. Vol. XII. 1853.

56. Library o:r Southern Literature. Vols. I ,II ,IV, XVI.

57. Long, Rev. John D. · Pictures o:t Slavery in Church and. State. Philadelphia. 185?.

58. Macy, J ease. The· Anti-Slavery Crusade. Yale University Press. 1919.

59 • .Manley, Louise F •. A History of Southern Literature, 15'19 - 1895. Richmonc.i, Virginia. 1895.

60. MATHER. FRANKL. Who• a Who in tne Colored Race in .America. Chicago. l 915.

61. MERRIAM, GEORGE S. The Negro and the ~ation. New York. 1906.

62. MILLER• KELLY and JOSEPH GAY. Progress and Achievement of tne Colored People. Washington, D. c. 1907. 63. Montgomery, Cora.. The Eagle Pass, Life on the Borders. New"York. 1852. 83 CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF NEGRO AMERICAN LITERATURE

64. More's Slavery in Massachusetts.

65. Mott, A. (and Mahlon Da¥). Biographical Sketches and Interesting Anecdotes of Persons of' Color. New York. 1837.

66. Negro ~uestion, 190U, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1915. Government Printing Off'ice. Washingto:o, D.C.

6'7. lIELL, WILLI.AM c. Colored Patriots 01 tne Revolution. 1855 .. 68. NELL, WILLIAM c. Services or Colored Americans in Wars of 1776 and 1812. 1852. 69. Nicol, John. Historical Sketch of .American Literature (1621 - l82ot. Edinourgn. 1882. '10. Painter~ .If. v. N. Introduct.ion to American Literature. J:Senjamin H. Sanoorn Company. 1919.

71. Pattee, Frederick Lewis. A History of American Literature Since 18'10. New York. 1921. 72. Pa.}'ne, L. w., Jr. Southern Literary Readings. Chicago. 1913. '7 3. Pendl e ton, Leila Amo s. A Narrative of the Negro. R. L. PENDLETON Preas. Washington, D.C.

74. Poe. Works o:r Edgar Allan Poe. (Firs·t Negro .1Jial ect in The Gold Bug.) 1840.

75. Pritchard and Ovington. The ~pward Path. 1920. '16. Richardson, Charles F. American Literature. New York. 1899.

?7. RICHARDSON, CLEMENT. Cyclopedia of tne Negro Race. National Publishing Company. Montgomery, Alabama. 1919.

78. Rollins, H. E. The Negro in tne Southern Short Story. sewanee Review.

79. ROM.AN, c. V. American Civilization and the Negro. F. A. Davis, Publisher. Philadelphia.· 1916. 84

CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF NEGRO AMER! CAN LITERATURE

80. ROMAR. C. V. MS. Letter containing list o:r .ni s publications, Nashville, Tennessee, Ma¥ 8, 1922, to CLEMENT RICHARDSON. 81. Schomberg, Arthur A. A Bibliographical Cheokli st of American Negro Poetry. New York. n. a..

82. SID!MONS, WILLI AM J. His Men of Mark. 83. Smith, William Henry. Political History o:f Slavery. 84. Southern Workman, Vol. 43." Hampton Institute.

85. Sparks, Ja.rea.. Li:re and Letters oI' Washington. Vol. I. New York. 1855. 86. Standard Dictionary or Facts. Fuontier Press Compaajr. 1922. 87. Talbot, Edi th A. Samuel Chapman .Armstrong. l:l ew York. 1904. 88. TALLEY, THOMAS W. Negro Folk Rhymes. Macmillan. New York. 1922. 89. Trent, William P. Soutnern Writers. New York. 1905. 90. Tucker• Gilbert. American English. .New York. 1921.

91. WASHINGTON, BOOKER T. My Larger Experience. JJoubled:zy- Page Company. New York. 1911.

92. WASHilfGTON, BOOKFJ\ T. Tuskegee and its People. D. Appleton Company. New York. 1910. 9:3. WASHINGTON, BOOKER T. Up from Slavery. Doubleday Page Company. New York. 1919. 94. WASHINGTON, BOOKER T. Story of the Negro. Vol a. I. and II.

95. Wegelin, Oscar. Poems and Life of JUPITER HAMMON. New York. 1915.

96. Wheat, M. T. The Philosophy OI Slavery. 1862. 85 CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF NEGRO .AMERICAN LITERATURE

9'7. Who' a Who in America. 1921. 98. WILLIAMS, GEORGE. The Hi story ot· tne Negro. Vols. I and.II. G. P. Putnam and Sons. 1888. 99. Wilson. Henry. Rise and Fall or tne Slave Power in America. J:ioston. 1872. 100. WOOD, REV. MORMAN B. The White Side ot· a Black Subject. Chicago, Illinois. 1897. 101. WOODSON, CARTER G. History ot· the Negro Church. Washington, D.C. 1921. 102. WOODSON. CARTER G. The Education oI the Negro Prior to 1861. Washington, D.C. 1922. 103. WOODSON, CARTER G. The Negro in History. Washington, D. C. 1922. 104. WORK, MONROE N. The Negro Year Book. Tuskegee Institute. 1917 and 1922. BI 0 GRAPH! CAL INDEX

ABBOTT, DR. A. W. (1840-1913), 28 1 66

ADAMS, C., 73

Adame, Nehemiah (1806-1878), 20, 33 1 43

ADAMS , WELLHTGTON, 08

ALDRIDGE, IRA (1810-1867) 1 21, 39 ALEXANDER, CHARLES, 68 .ALLElT, B. MACON ( ? -1820), 29, 30 ALLEN, J, M., 58

ALLEN t RICHARD (1'160-1831) I 12, 16, 18, 25 All en, Willi am F. ( 1830- ) , 25, 39

.ANDREWS, R. M., 76 Armstrong, General, 42 ARNETT, BISHOP B. W. (1830- ), 25, 54 ASHBY, WILLIAM, 70 ATTWELL, MRS. C. A. (1840-1922), 28, 37, '17 ATTWELL, JOSEPH (1831-1881), 25, 45 AUGUSTA, DR. A. T., 36

BACOTE, s. W. (1866- ), 38, 66 BANNEKER, BENJAMIN ( 1731-1806), 9, 11, 13, 16, l '1, 20 BANNEKER, MARY, 9 BANNEKER, ROBERT ( ? -175'7), 9, 10, 11 87

BANNISTER,· E. M. (1833- ) I 26 f 43 BASSETT, EBENEZER (1833-1908), 26, 60 BATSON, FLORA {18'10-1906), 41, 47, 58 BATTLE, EFFIE T., ?O BEADLE, S. A., 65 BEASLEY, D. L., 75

BECROFT, MARIA ( 1805- Y ) , 20, 23, 24 Beecher, Henry Ward (1813-1887), · 22, 47 BELL·, JAMES M. 25, 37, 38, 41, 54

Benezet, Anthony (1713-1'784), 10, 11, 12, 13, 15 BERN.ARD, WIDOW, 26

BETHUNE, THOMAS GREEN ( "BLIND TOM") , 31, 37 • 60 BIBBS, ELOISE, 50

"BLI:MD BOONE" (1864- ). 70

"BLIND TOMtt (THOMAS GREEN BETHUNE) (1849-1908) 1 31, 3?, 60

BLYDEN, E. W. ( 1832-191.2) , 26, 47

BOWE11, J. W. E. (1855- ), 33, 47

BOYD, DR. R. H. { 1846-1922), 30, 50 • 61, 7'1

Bradford, oarah ii., 51

BRADY, ST. EL1'10. (1885- ) , 46' 74

BRAGG, GEORGE F. , 35, ??

BRAITHWAITE, WILLIAM STANLEY. (1868• ), 40, b3, 58~ 59, 60, 61, 67, 68, 70, 72, 73

BRAWLEY, BENJAMIN G. (1882- ) ' 45' 56 '· b?, 08' 64. 67, 73, 74, 75, '16, 77 88

BRAWLEY, REV. E. M. ( 1851-19 23) • 78 BRENT, LHlDA, 35

BROOKS, w. H. , 48 BROOKS, w. s. ' 70 BROWN, HENRY "BOX", 31

BROWN, WILLIAM WELLS. ( 1816- ? ), 22' 29 ' 31 J 36

BRUCE, B. K. ( 1841 -189 8) t 28, 51

BRYAN, ANDREW. ( 1 7 3 7 •1812) ' 16 BULLARD, MABEL HUNT, 77

BUTLER, DR. HENRY R. (1862- ) , 36

Cable, George VJ. {1844- ) , 46

CAMPB~L, J. FJ)VITN. (1863?-1903?), 57 CAMPB:EILL, ROBERT, 35 CAf.TNON, REV. N. C., 26 CARMICHAEL,W. TURNER, 73, 74

C1\STER, R. A. (1867- ) 1 39 t '73

CARVF.R, GF...ORGE W. , 52, b4 , 56, b7, ·5a, 59, 60, 61 , 63, 64, 65, 67, 70, 72, 73, 74

CARY, LOT. (1780-1828). 14, 24

Charlton, 10

. Chambers, Willi am ( 1800-1883) , 19, 34, 45

CHAVIS, JOHN', 19

CHESNUTT, CHARLES W. (1858- ) , 34 ' 4 5 ' 5 2 ' 5 3 ' 54 , 57

Child, Lydia Maria (1802-1880}, 19, 26, 44 Cl ark, George w., 34 89

CLEM, CHARLES D., 54

CLIFFORD, CARRIE W. , 64

COFFIN, FRANK B. (1869· ) , 40, bl

CONNER, A. J., 30

COOK, JOHN F. ( ? -1855) t 26, 33

COPPIN, L. J., ?5

CORBETT, MAURICE N. , . 68

CORROTHERS, JAMES D. (1869-1919), 40, o9, 68, '15

COSEY, A. B., 68

COSTON, LOUISA (1804-1831), 19, 23, 28

COTTER, JOSEPHS. (i895-1919), 50, b2, 61, ?4, 75

CRAWFORD, GEORGE W. ( 18'1?• ) , 43, 68

CROGMAN, A. H. (1841- ), 28, b2, b5

CROMWELL, J. W. (1846- ), 68 CRUMM][,L, ALEXANDER (1818-1898}, 22, 32, 36,45, 48, 52

CUFFEE, P.AUL (1759-1817), 11 ~ lB, 21, 22

CULP, D. W., 55 Cumming, Alexander, 9

DANCER, W. E., 68 DAVIS, D. WEBSTER, 50, 51, 64 DEL.ANEY, MARTI:U, 32

DERHAM, JOHl:T (1 ?67- ? ) I 13

DETT , N ATH.ANI EL ( 1882- ) , 4 5 DICKSON, MOSES, 30 90

DINKINS, CH.AB.LES R. , 56

DOUGLASS, FREDERICK (1817-1895), 22, 27, 28, 30, 32• 33, 40, 47, 48 DU BOIS, WILLIAM EDW.ARD B. (1868- ), 40, 50, 51, 52, 53 I 54 t 55 t 56 f 57 t 08 1 59 t 00 t 61 f 63 t 64 t 65 f 67 t 74' 76 DUNBAR, ALICE NELSON, 42, 50, 53, 67, '72, 74, 75 DUNBAR, PAUL LAURB!NCE (1872-1906}, 41, 42, 48, 50, 51 • 52' 53' ·b4' 56' 57, 58' b9 t 60' 61' 67. 69' '12

EDWARDS, W. J., 74 Elliott, Charles (1792-1860), 28

Elli 0 t t • E. N. I 13 t 16 ' 35 ELLIS, GEORGE WASHINGTON (18?6-1919), 43, 55, 69, 76

FERMER, JOHN P., 61 FISHER, ISAAC (1877- J; 43, 62, 69, 7?

FLEMMING, SARAH LEE, 73, 76

JfLOYD, SILAS X. (1869- ') 1 40, 53, 54, b5, 57 FORDHAM, MARY WESTERN, 51 FORD, REV. R. E., 57 FORTEN, CHAELOTTE L., 48 FORT.EN, JAMES (1776-1842), 14, 25

FORTSON, BE'l!TIOLA HELOISE, '10

FORTUNE, :. THOMAS, (1856· ), 46, 57 \ FRANKLIM, BENJAMI:N (l 706-1 '790), 17

FRANKLIN, J.AMES T., 49, 54 91

FU~, MELISSA, 70 FULLER, T. O., _ 67

FULLILOVE, MAGGIE SHAW, '75 . FURR, A. 76

GARNETT, HENRY (1815-1882), 22, 45 Garrison, William Lloyd (1805-18'79). 20, 24, 25, 26, 44 GAUDET, MRS. F. J., 6?

Geddings, J. R., 34

~IBBS, WI STAR MIFF.Lixr (1828-1915)' 23, 31. 55, 69 Gibson, Bi shop, 8

GILBERT, JOHN WESLEY ( 1864-l 9 20) , 3'7

GILMORE, G. F. 1 70

GILMORE, REV. HIRAM S. • 29 Godell, W., 32

Gonzales, .Ambro ee E., •1 11 GLOUCESTER, JOHN (17?6-1822), 14, 23 Green, William, 33 GREENE, J.P., '76

GR~1ER, RICHA.tm T. (1844· ) • 29. 44 GREENFI:ELD, :ELIZABETH T. (1808-1876), 20, 32, 43

GREGORY, JAMES M. ( ? -1915). 49, bl t '10

I Griffin, A. c. P., 56

GRIGGS, SUTTON E. ' 55, b7 GRIMKE, ARCHIB.ALD, _ 54 92

GRIMKE, A. W., 76

GRIMKE, CHARLOTTE L. :FORTEN ( ? ·l914), 48

HACKLEY, AZALIA (186?•1923), 39 1 78

HAMMON, JUPITER (1720-1806), 6, 12, 14, 15, 16, 20, '10

HARE, MAUD CU:MEY, 67

HARPER, FRANCES E. ( 1825-1911 ) , 24, 30, 33, 35, 49 , 50'. 51, 54' 64

Harris, Joel Chanctl er, (1848 ... 1908) 1 44 HARTSHORN, WILLIAM NEWTOM, 63

HATCHER, WILLIAM D. 1 60 . HAWKINS, VIALTER EVERETT, 62

HAYDEN, LEWIS ( 1815-1889) , 22

HAYNES, GEORGE E. , ?7

HAYNES, REV. LEMUEL (1753-1832), 11, 22

HEARD, JOSIE D. HENDERSON, 48

HEMI~1GWAY, JAMES, 25

HEl\1DERSO N , G. W. , j,l 3

HENSON, :MATT, 65

HlCKS, W., '10 Higginson, Thomas Wentworth (1823-1911), 41 Hildreth, R., 27 HILL, LESLIE P. (1880- ) , 44, 77

1 HOLLOWAY, JOHN W. ( 1865- ) • /5

HOLTZCLAW, W. H. (1868- ) • '11 Hopkins, Bi shop J. H. _ (1792-1868), 37 93

HORTON, GEORGE (1799-1880?, 1883?) 1 18, 24, 25, 27, 30' 31 t 33. 38 HO SI FJ\ , HARRY ( ? -181 0 ) • 21 Hm1TON, A. W. , '16

JACKSON, FANNIE. 36 Jackson, w. c., 1? JAMI SON, ROSCOE (1888-1918}. 47, 74

JASPER, JOlill (1812-1899), ~l, 46 1 60

Je;J, John (181 '7•1890), 33

Jefferson, Thomas (1?43-1826), 17 JOHNSON, ADOLPHUS, 71

JomrnoN, CHARLES B. (1880- ) , 44

JO!Il~SON, GOORGIA DOUGLASS (1886- ) t 4?

JOHNSON, JAMES FENTON (1888- ) ' 4?, 6?, ?l, ?6 JOHNSON, JAMES W~DON (1871- ) , ·n, 73 JOHNSON, MAGGIE P., 63

JOHNSON, REV. H. T. , 517

JOlfES, ABSAI.,OM. ( 1745- ? ), 10, l '1 Jones, c. c., (1804-1863), 29 Jones, Edward, 24, 63 JONES, EDWARD SMITH, 65

JONES, G. H., 75 Jones, Thomas J es.se, 70 JUST, F.RNEST, 69 94

Kemble, Fannie {1809-1893) • 36 KENNEY, J. A. (18?4- ), 66 KI NG, JEF.FERSON , ti8

LAFON, THOMY (1810-1893), 21 LANGSTON, JOHN M. {1829-1897), 25, 39, 49 Lay, Benjamin (1681-1 '160), 10

LEE, R. L., 71 LEILE, GEORGE (1750· ., ). 11. 15, 17 LEWIS, EDMONIA (1845- ). 29, 37

L ewi s , J ul. i an H. , ·11

Lincoln, ~braham (1809-1865), 21, 36, 38 LINDEN, CHARLOTTE E., 67 Li verm.ore, George (1809-1865), 21, 36, 38 Lovejoy, Elijah P •. (1802-1837), 19, 27 Lovejoy, o. (1811-1864), 21, 37 LOVINGGOOD, R. S., 54 "LUCAS, SAM" (SAMUEL MILADY} (1848-1916), 31, '11 Ludlow, 42 LYlTCH, CHARLES, 71

MARGETSON, G:EORGE R. (1877-. ) , 43, 53, '12

MASON, M., 76 Mc.ALPINE, DB. WILLIAM {1847-1907), 30, 44, b9 McCLELLAN, GEORGE M. {1860· }, 35, 50, 72 95

1 McGIRT, JAMES E., 54 1 59, 62

.McKAY, CLAUDE (1889- 48 J ' MEANS, STIRLING A., 71 MECKLIN, JOHN M., 69

MILADY, SAMUEL ("SAM LUCAS") (1848-1916) t 31

MILLER, KELLEY (1867- ). 39' 60' '17 Moore, Arcny, 27

MOORE, J. J •• 44

MOSSELL, MRS. N. F. • 74 MOTON, ROBERT R. (1867- ) ' 39, 69, 72, f14, 76 MURRAY, DANI:FJL, 66

N eau, Eli as, { ? -1 '722) • ? , 8, l 0 NELL, WILLIAM C. (1816-18'74), 26, 32, 33, 42 NORTHUP, , SOLOMON, 33

0 'HARA, i .. M., 69

Parsons, c. G., 33 Paulding, J. K. (17?9-1860), 14, 27, 30 Pax.ton, J. D., 26 PAYNE, BISHOP DANIEL A. (1811-1893), 21, 26, 27, 28 30, 31, 35, 46, 48, 49

P~ne, L. w., 32, 36 Peabody, George Foster (1795-1869), 39

PEMN, I. GARLAN'D (186~· ), 39, 55, 62 96

Perier, Governor, 8

PHILLIPS 1 J'. T., 67 .

PI CKENS , WILLI .AM. ( 1881 • ), 45, 66, 67, ?7, 78 Pleasant, Ro 'bert, 19 Poe, Edgar All an (1809-1840), 28

Pollard, E. A. (1828•18?2), 24, 34, 41

RANDOLF, E. A. , 46 RAY, CHARLES ( l 807-1886), 20, 28, 47

RAY , CHAR.LOTTE, 41

RAY, CORDELIA, 63 REDMOND, CHARLES LEMOX (1810-1873), 21, 27, 41, REVELS, HIRAM:R. (1822- ? ), 23

RICHARDSON, CLl~1F.JTT (1878• ), 43, 62, 65, 66, 67 68, 72, 75

Riagl-c.w, To.»Penee, ~5 ROCK, J'OHN S., 38

R9GERS, ALEXANDER (1876• .J, 43

ROM.AN 1 C. V. (1864- ), 37 • 51, 66, 68, 69, '71 • 72, 75 Roper, Moses, 2?

RUSSWURM, JOHN :B. (1799~1851), 18, ~4, 32

Sanford,· Ralph, 9

SCARBOROUGH, W. (1852- ) f 32 I 44 I 46

SCHACKELFORD, WILLI AM. H. , 59, 71 SCHOFIELD, MARTHA, 71 9?

SCOTT, EMMETT J. (18?3- ), 42, 63, 72, ?5, 76

SCOTT ," WILLIAM E. (1884- ), 46

.Seaberry, Samuel, 35

Sewall , Judge Samuel ( 1652-1 730) , 9

Sewal.l, Samuel E. (1'785-1868), 15, 26, 40

Shaw, Robert Gould (1837-1863), 27, 36, 37 SHEPPARD, W. H., ?4

SHORTF..R, SUS.Al~, 49

SIM.MONS, REV. W. J. (1849- ) • 4?

SMITH, AMANDA (183?-1915), 27, 49

sm TH, s TEPHEN ( 1 ?9 5-18 7 3) ' 18. 37' 4 2

SPENCER, ANNE (1882- ), 45 Stearns, c., 31

STEWARD, MRS. s. .M. ' 71 Steward, T. A.' 76 STEWARD, T. G • ,· 69

S~EWART, CHARLES (1869- ) ' 40 Still, Peter, 30

STILL, WILLIAM (1821- ? ) , 23, 41 Stowe, Harri et :rs. fl811-1896), 21, 32, 34, oO Stroud, G. M. (1795-1875), 18, 34, 42

Talbert,.Horace, 58

TALLEY, THOMAS W., 77 TANNER, BENJAlllN T. (1835- J, 46 98

T.Af.TNER, HENRY O. (1859- ), 3'7 TERRILL, MARY CHURCH, 58

THOMAS I I. L • ., 65 THOMAS, W. H., 55

TIMBERLAKE~ C. L. 68 ToYYence ~l'(.,J&/ely '13 . TROTTER, JAMES M. (1944?-1892) I 46 TROTTER, MONROE (18'72- ) , 55

TRUTH, SOJOURNER (1775-1883), 13 1 22, 31, ~4, 46 TUBMAN, HARRIET (1829-1913), 51, 66 TURNER, BISHOP (1833-1915), 26. 36, 70

Van E:vr± ~' J. H. i 33 VASS, s. N. (1866- ) , 59

WALKER, CHABLES T. (1858-1921.), 34, ''16

W.ALKF.R. DAVID { 1785-1829) ' 15 I 25

WALKER I T. H. B. • 71

W~ICK, META, .2. 06 WASHINGTON, BOOKER T. (1858-1915), 34, bO, 52, 53, b4, 55• b7, ~a, 59, eo, s2, 63, 65, 66, 68, 71, ?2 Waa.nington, George l1732-1'799}. 14, 16

WASHilWTON, MARGARET MURRAY (1865- ) t 38 WATKIMS, LUCI.AN B. ( ? -1921). 76 Watson, Henry, 30 WAYNJ..AN, A. W. (1821- "i ) • 46

Webster, Noah, Jr. ( 1 7 58-184 3) ' 17 99

Wegelin. Oscar, 70 Wetmore, Rev. James (1695-1 ?60). 8

WHEATLEY, PHILLIS (1753-1'784). 11, 12, 13• 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 22. 47, .62

WHIPPER , WILLI AM'· 27

V/HI TM.AN I A. A. (1857- ), 43, 46, 48, 55 WIGGINS, LIDA, 60

WILKES I LAURA E. t 75

WILLIAMS, FANNIE B., 54

WILLIAMS, GEORGE (1849-1891), 31, 44, 45, 48.

WILLIAMSON• HARRY A., 77 WILLIS, JOSEPH (1762-1854), 20

WOODSON, CARTER G. (1875- ) ' 42, '15, ?7 Woolman, John (1720-1772), 6, 11. 12, 13

WORK, MONROE (1866- ) , 38, 54, 56, 58, 59, 60, 61 1 62, 64, 65, 66, 68, 69, 72, 75

WORMLEY 1 WILLIAM, 25 WRIGHT, B.. R. (1853· ) , 49

WRIGHT., R. R. , JR. • 73 WRIGHT, THEODORE s., 24

WRIGHT I ZARA, ?6

YOUNG, CHARLES (1860-1922)> 66

:B'INIS