A111D3 Qfifi^3H NATL INST OF STANDARDS & TECH R.I.C. gineering design : }77 C.1 NBS-PUB-C 19 NBS SPECIAL PUBLICATION 487 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE / National Bureau of Standards Engineering Design MFPG 25th Meeting - r»iT--ti>ii-J'fittMni i;f iiff ii i>i<tiiii m NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS The National Bureau of Standards^ was established by an act of Congress March 3, 1901. The Bureau's overall goal is strengthen and advance the Nation's science and technology and facilitate their effective application for public benefit. To this end, the Bureau conducts research and provides: (1) a basis for the Nation's physical measurement system, (2) scientific and technological services for industry and government, (3) a technical basis for equity in trade, and (4) technical services to pro- mote public safety. The Bureau consists of the Institute for Basic Standards, the Institute for Materials Research, the Institute for Applied Technology, the Institute for Computer Sciences and Technology, the Office for Information Programs, and the Office of Experimental Technology Incentives Program. THE INSTITUTE FOR BASIC STANDARDS provides the central basis within the United States of a complete and consist- ent system of physical measurement; coordinates that system with measurement systems of other nations; and furnishes essen- tial services leading to accurate and uniform physical measurements throughout the Nation's scientific community, industry, and commerce. The Institute consists of the Office of Measurement Services, and the following center and divisions: Applied Mathematics — Electricity — Mechanics — Heat — Optical Physics — Center for Radiation Research — Lab- oratory Astrophysics^ — Cryogenics^ — Electromagnetics'' — Time and Frequency". THE INSTITUTE FOR MATERIALS RESEARCH conducts materials research leading to improved methods of measure- ment, standards, and data on the properties of well-characterized materials needed by industry, commerce, educational insti- tutions, and Goverrunent; provides advisory and research services to other Government agencies; and develops, produces, and distributes standard reference materials. The Institute consists of the OflBce of Standard Reference Materials, the Office of Air and Water Measurement, and the following divisions: Analytical Chemistry — Polymers — Metallurgy — Inorganic Materials — Reactor Radiation — Physical Chemistry, THE INSTITUTE FOR APPLIED TECHNOLOGY provides technical services developing and promoting the use of aviI able technology; cooperates with public and private organizations in developing technological standards, codes, and test meth'sthSP ods; and provides technical advice services, and information to Government agencies and the public. The Institute consists of the following divisions and centers: Standards Application and Analysis — Electronic Technology — Center for Consumer Product Technology: Product Systems Analysis; Product Engineering — Center for Building Technology: Structures, Materials, and Safety; Building Environment; Technical Evaluation and Application — Center for Fire Research: Fire Science; Fire Safety Engineering. THE INSTITUTE FOR COMPUTER SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY conducts research and provides technical services designed to aid Government agencies in improving cost effectiveness in the conduct of their programs through the selection, acquisition, and effective utilization of automatic data processing equipment; and serves as the principal focus wthin the exec- utive branch for the development of Federal standards for automatic data processing equipment, techniques, and computer languages. The Institute consist of the following divisions: Computer Services — Systems and Software — Computer Systems Engineering — Information Technology. THE OFFICE OF EXPERIMENTAL TECHNOLOGY INCENTIVES PROGRAM seeks to affect public policy and process . to facilitate technological change in the private sector by examining and experimenting with Government policies and prac- \ impede tices in order to identify and remove Government-related barriers and to correct inherent market imperfections that ^ the innovation process. j| THE OFFICE FOR INFORMATION PROGRAMS promotes optimum dissemination and accessibility of scientific informa- % tion generated within NBS; promotes the development of the National Standard Reference Data System and a system of in- r formation analysis centers dealing with the broader aspects of the National Measurement System; provides appropriate services t of the to ensure that the NBS staff has optimum accessibility to the scientific information of the world. The Office consists ,J following organizational units: ^ Office Technical Publications Library — Office of Standard Reference Data — Office of Information Activities — of — | Office of International Standards — Office of International Relations. ^• 20234. 1 Headquarters and Laboratories at Gaithersburg, Maryland, unless otherwise noted; mailing address Washington, D.C " Located at Boulder, Colorado 80302. OP STANDARDS LIBRARY SEP 2 2 1977 MFPG Engineering Design Proceedings of the 25th Meeting of the Mechanical Failures Prevention Group, held at the National Bureau of Standards Gaithersburg, Maryland, November 3-5, 1976 Edited by T.R. Shives and W.A. Willard Metallurgy Division Institute for Materials Research National Bureau of Standards Washington, D.C. 20234 The 25th meeting of MFPG and these proceedings were sponsored by the Institute for Materials Research of the National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC 20234; the Office of Naval Research, Department of the Navy, Arlington, VA 22217; the Naval Air Development Center, Department of the Navy, Warminster, PA 18974; the Frankford Arsenal, Philadelphia, PA 19137; the Federal Aviation Administration, Department of Transportation, Washington, DC 20591; and the Energy Research and Development Administration, Washington, DC 20545. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Juanita M. Kreps, Secretary Dr. Sidney Harman, Under Secretary Jordan J. Baruch, Assistant Secretary for Science and Technology NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, Ernest Ambler, Acting Director Issued August 1977 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Mechanical Failures Prevention Group. MFPG—engineering design. (National Bureau of Standards special publication ' 487) "Sponsored by the Institute for Materials Research of the National Bureau of Standards ... [et al.]." Supt. of Docs, no.: €13.10:487 1. Engineering design—Congresses. 2. Fracture mechanics—Con- gresses. I. Shives, T. R. II. Willard, William A. III. United States. National Bureau of Standards. Institute of Materials Research. IV. Title. V. Title: Engineering design.. VI. Series: United States. National Bureau of Standards. Special publications ; 487. QC100.U57 no. 487 |TA174] 602'.ls [620'.004'2] 77-21810 National Bureau of Standards Special Publication 487 Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Spec. Publ. 487, 367 pages (Aug. 1977) CODEN: XNBSAV U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON: 1977 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 2M02 - Price $5.25 Stock No. 003-003-01829-5 FOREWORD The 25th meeting o£ the Mechanical Failures Prevention Group was held November 3-5, 1976, at the National Bureau o£ Standards in Gaithersburg, Maryland. The program was organized by the MFPG committee on Design under the chairmanship of Jesse E. Stem o£ NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center. The Design committee, the session chairmen, and especially the speakers are to be commended for the excellent program. With a few exceptions, the papers in these proceedings are presented as submitted by the authors on camera ready copy, except for some minor editorial changes. Appreciation is extended to the following members of the NBS Metallurgy Division: T. Robert Shives and William A. Willard for their editing, organization, and preparation of the proceedings, Paul M. Fleming for handling financial matters, Todd Eudy for photographic work, Larry W. Ketron for drafting work, and to Marian L. Slusser for typing. Appre- ciation is also extended to Sara R. Torrence of the NBS Office of Information Activities for the meeting arrangements and to many members of the staffs of the NBS Metallurgy Division and the NBS Institute for Materials Research for their assistance in many ways. HARRY C. BURNETT Executive Secretary, MFPG Metallurgy Division National Bureau of Standards III TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD CONFERENCE THEME: The Growing Web Around the Designer Charles 0. Smith SESSION I: TECHNIQUES OF DESIGN (I) 1. A Systems Approach to Materials in Design. Bruce P. Bardes 2. Probabilistic Methods in Design. Edward B. Haugen SESSION II: TECHNIQUES OF DESIGN (II) 1. The Finite Element Method in Structural Analysis. Harry G. Schaeffer 2. NASTRAN Thermal Analyzer in Interdisciplinary Thermo Structural Analyses. Hwa-Ping Lee 3. The Use of Cathode Ray Tube Graphics as a Computer Aided Design Tool. Alyce Branum SESSION III: MATERIALS OF DESIGN (I) - COMPOSITES 1. Review of the Processing and Properties of Pan Graphite -Aluminum Composites. Roger T. Pepper H. Gigerenzer and T. A. Zack 2. Composite Inlays for Jet Engines. W. Troha* and K . Swain 3. Stress Concentrations in Composite Materials. G . Kardos SESSION IV: MATERIALS OF DESIGN (II) - LUBRICANTS 1. Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication. L. B. Sibley 2. Polyfluoroalkyl-Alkyl Polysiloxane Grease for Instrument Lubrication. John B. Christian IV 3. Antiwear and Lubricity Additives for Lubricants 172 S. M. Hsu SESSION V: VALIDATION OF DESIGN (I) - TESTING 1. Piezoelectric