MHI C3 Copy 2 _I uEtAnIlmt.l OF THE ARMY FIELD MANUAL

THE MILITARY POLICEMAN

HEADQUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OF tHE ARMY JULY 1959 *FM 19-5

FIELD MANUAL HEADQUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY No. 19-5 J WASHINGTON 25, D. C., 7 July 1959

THE MILITARY POLICEMAN

Paragraphs Page CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY Section I. Introduction ------1, 2 3 II. History …-_-______3, 4 4 CHAPTER 2. THE MILITARY POLICE CORPS AND OTHER LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES Section 1. Personnel -__-___-_- 5-8 9 II. Standards and appearance 9-11 11 III. Uniform and equipment- 12,13 16 IV. Organizations and facili- ties ------_ 14,15 18 V. Other law enforcement agencies ------16-19 22 CHAPTER 3. JURISDICTION AND AUTHORITY Section I. Jurisdiction _---__-___._ 20-24 28 II. Authority ------25-30 31 CHAPTER 4. DUTIES OF THE MILI- TARY POLICEMAN Section I. Compliance .------31, 32 42 II. Military police public rela- tions and services ----- 33, 34 44 III. Military police patrols and fixed posts --- _-______35-41 45 IV. Crime prevention .------42-45 52

*This manual supersedes FM 19-5, 14 September 1950, including C 1, 22 April 1952, and C 2, 22 August 1952..

TAGO 6569C 1 Paragraphs Page Section V. Apprehension, restraint, and detention _____.-- 46-61 55 VI. Military police notebook and reports -. -______62-65 86 VII. Assisting military police criminal investigators _ 66, 67 90 VIII. Investigating incidents __ 68-73 92 IX. Witness in court -.__. ...74-77 96 X. Military police traffic con- trol ___-__.___.__.---- 78-80 97 XI. Straggler and circulation control .------81-88 98 XII. Handling enemy person- nel, displaced persons, and refugees -_-_ __ ...89-93 103 XIII. Physical security and pro- tection of persons __--- 94-99 105 XIV. Disturbances and disasters 100-104 108 CHAPTER 5. HANDLING MILITARY PRISONERS -_-_-_- _ 105-109 114 6. UNARMED DEFENSE - 110-115 141 7. COMMUNICATIONS -__ 116-121 163 APPENDIX REFERENCES _-_------168 INDEX ------.--.-...... --- -..----. 176

2 TAGO 66690 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY

Section I. INTRODUCTION I. Purpose and Scope a. This manual is addressed to you, the military police soldier. Its purpose is to furnish you with basic information and instruction relative to the performance of your duties. It provides a guide to your officers, both commissioned and noncom- missioned, in respect to your training, employ- ment, and supervision as a military policeman. b. This manual sets forth the role and a brief history of the Military Police Corps. It includes information as to your authority, responsibilities, duties, and equipment. Other agencies, military and civilian, engaged in activities related to those you perform within the Army are indicated. Spe- cial methods and techniques that you use in per- forming your duties are discussed. c. This manual is applicable to nuclear and nonnuclear warfare. 2. The Military Police Corps The Military Police Corps is a permanent, basic branch of the United States Army. It is an ad- ministrative service; however, each military policeman must possess the capability of fighting as an infantryman when the situation demands. The role and principal functions of the Corps are as follows:

TACO 6569C 3 a. Role. The Military Police Corps has the primary function of supporting combat opera- tions by the maintenance of discipline through the enforcement of military law, orders, and regula- tions within and for the Department of the Army and for other components of the Department of Defense as directed. b. Functions. The principal functions per- formed by military police in accomplishing the Corps' role include- (1) The promotion of compliance with, and the enforcement of, military law, orders, and regulations. (2) Crime prevention and investigation with- in the Army. (3) Custody, administration, and treatment of military prisoners. (4) Traffic control. (5) Apprehension of military absentees and escaped military prisoners. (6) The control of circulation of individuals. (7) Handling enemy prisoners of war and civilian internees. (8) Providing security for designated in- stallations and operations. (9) Fighting as infantry when the situation requires.

Section II. HISTORY 3. Antecedents and History of the Corps a. In January 1776, during the Revolutionary War, a "Provost Martial" (an older form of the

4 TAGO 6569C title Provost Marshal) was appointed "to the army of the United Colonies" by "His Excellency General Washington." Two years later, by Con- gressional resolution, a Provost Corps was estab- lished in the Army "to be mounted on horseback and armed and accoutred as Light Dragoons" (mounted infantry). Its primary mission was to enforce rules, orders, and regulations of the Con- tinental Army. At about the same time, the "Marechausie Corps" (a mounted constabulary) was established and directed to apprehend "De- serters, Maurauders, Drunkards, Rioters, and Stragglers" and to perform other military police duties. During the course of the war, require- ments for a centralized prisoner-of-war adminis- tration became evident. Accordingly, in 1780, with the approval of Congress, the Commander in Chief appointed a "Commissary General of Pris- oners" and deputy commissaries to administer all prisoner-of-war affairs. After the war, the Pro- vost Marshal, the Commissary General of Prison-. ers, the Provost Corps, and the Marechausie Corps were discontinued. b. Following the pattern established during the Revolutionary War, provost marshals and a Com- missary General of Prisoners functioned in the United States Army during the War of 1812. c. A Provost Marshal General was appointed in the War Department in September 1862 for the duration of the Civil War. His primary func- tion was the operation of the draft laws. How- ever, subordinates stationed throughout the coun- try were also charged with apprehending desert- ers and spies, reporting treasonable practices, and

TAGO 6569C S recovering stolen Government property. Certain military police and internal security functions were performed by a Veteran Reserve Corps com- prised of partially disabled military personnel. Prisoner-of-war administration was again central- ized in a Commissary General of Prisoners. These organizations were disbanded by 1866. Military police functions became the responsibility of or- ganization commanders and were normally per- formed under the supervision of an officer ap- pointed as provost marshal. d. With the entry of the United States into World War I in 1917, a Provost Marshal General was again appointed in the War Department. His appointment was for the duration of the war, and his primary mission was to administer the Selective Service Law. In July 1917, a separate Provost Marshal General was appointed for the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) to act as adviser on military police and provost marshal matters. In October 1918, a Corps of Military Police was activated in the AEF in France with its Provost Marshal General as Chief of the Corps. With the cessation of hostilities and the subse- quent disbandment of the AEF, its Provost Mar- shal General's Department and Corps of Military Police were dissolved. However, an Acting Pro- vost Marshal General continued to function in the War Department as late as 1927. During this period, he was charged with advising and plan- ning in respect to military police functions similar to those performed by military police in the AEF. e. Between 1919 and 1941, military police duties were performed by personnel detailed from vari-

6 TAGO 6569C ous branches of the Army. However, personnel of military police units at oversea stations, such as Panama and Hawaii, wore distinctive insignia to indicate ther special duties. Provost marshals were utilized in the Army down to the corps level, and a military police branch continued to be a Reserve Component. f. Incident to precautionary measures initiated because of hostilities abroad and consistent with prior planning, the Office of The Provost Marshal General was reactivated in the War Department on 31 July 1941. On 26 September 1941, the Corps of Military Police was activated as a sep- arate duty branch under The Provost Marshal General's supervision and control. Officers and enlisted men who were performing military police duties as their primary duty were detailed to the Corps. g. In June 1946, after hostilities had ceased, the Chief of Staff of the United States Army ap- proved the continuation of the Office of The Pro- vost Marshal General and the Corps of Military Police. h. Public Law 581, 81st Congress, 28 June 1950, established the Corps as a permanent, basic branch of the Army and designated it the Military Police Corps. 4. Insignia The crossed pistols insignia of the Military Police Corps was formally approved in 1922. It is based on the Harper's Ferry Arsenal Flint- Lock Pistol, Model 1806, caliber .54, the first standardized pistol with interchangeable parts

TAGO 6569C 7 approved and accepted for production for use by the Army. The insignia represents a weapon of distinction and signifies the precise standards and high traditions of the United States Army and the traditional weapon of military police. It is an insignia which the military policeman is privileged and proud to wear.

8 TAGO 6669C CHAPTER 2 THE MILITARY POLICE CORPS AND OTHER LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES

Section I. PERSONNEL 5. The Provost Marshal General The Provost Marshal General serves as chief of the Military Police Corps. He supervises and con- trols all activities assigned to him. He develops plans, policies, and procedures pertaining to mili- tary police; prisoners of war; civilian internees; crime prevention and investigations; apprehen- sion of absentees; physical security; confinement activities; and restoration, parole, and clemency for military prisoners. He commands assigned troops, activities, and installations. 6. Provost Marshal The provost marshal is the officer on the staff of a command who advises the commander on military police matters and supervises military police activities of the command. His supervision guides and assists you in the performance of your duties. 7. Military Police Unit Commander As a military policeman, you may be assigned to a military police unit. Your unit commander supervises the administration, operation, and training of the unit and is responsible for the accomplishment of its mission.

TAGO 6569C 9 17

Figure 1, The military policeman.

10 TAGO 65690 8. The Military Policeman a. You are the military policeman (fig. 1) who, by effectively performing your duties, contributes to the accomplishment of your unit's mission. You perform a variety of duties, including enforcing regulations and laws, controlling traffic, investi- gating accidents, protecting military supply fa- cilities, processing enemy prisoners of war, and rehabilitating military prisoners. Many of these duties require that you exercise a degree of au- thority not usually delegated to enlisted men. b. Many of the instructions in this manual are specific. However, enforcement measures relate to people, not objects. For this reason, enforce- ment measures for each situation cannot be pre- scribed. You must adjust your techniques to the human factor. You must be resourceful and use considered judgment in handling each situation. In doing so, you strive to promote the dignity, esteem, and security of fellow soldiers while serv- ing the needs of the command, the Army, and your country.

Section II. STANDARDS AND APPEARANCE 9. General It is essential that you demonstrate high mili- tary standards in your conduct and personal ap- pearance, whether on or off duty. Your authority is an important responsibility. You must present yourself and perform your duties in a manner that will not impair the self-respect of the soldiers over whom the authority is exercised nor the dig- nity, prestige, and authority of the command that

TAGCO 666DC 11 has entrusted it to you. A military policeman who is guilty of an offense of such seriousness that his integrity is questionable is no longer qualified to perform duties as a military policeman. In such case, the military police MOS will be with- drawn and the individual will be reclassified (AR 611-203). 10. Personal Standards a. General. In performing your duties, observe a set of standards that will not only increase your efficiency but also maintain the high esprit de corps of the Army, your command, and your Corps. (1) On duty. Demonstrate the discipline, neatness, and military bearing expected of all soldiers. Act with firmness, tact, and self-control. Be fair to all in en- forcing military law, orders, and regu- lations. Be helpful to all persons and make no discrimination because of race, color, creed, sex, or friendship. Give in- structions correctly, quietly, and with dignity. Act without hesitation when ac- tion is required. (2) Off duty. When off duty, you have the same status as other members of the Armed Forces who are not on duty and the same obligations to govern your con- duct in accordance with military law, orders, or regulations. Conduct yourself so that you will be able to perform effec- tively and creditably when called to duty. Personal association with persons of

12 TAGO 6569C questionable character invites trouble and reflects unfavorably on your com- mand and the Military Police Corps. b. Courtesy. Military courtesy is appropriate at all times. Courtesy is appropriate in dealing with everyone, and is one of the most useful prac- tices of the military policeman. It is like oil on troubled water-it calms and soothes ruffled feel- ings. c. Exercising Authority. It is your duty to assume the authority delegated to you and to ex- ercise this important trust impartially, fairly, firmly, and in such a manner that respect for military authority and military police will be maintained. d. Attention to Duty. Your military police duties require your full attention. You will care- fully refrain from any practice that might be classed as neglect of duty or conduct of such a nature as to bring discredit upon the Armed Forces. Casual personal conduct, such as smoking while on duty or idle talk with persons in the vicinity of your duty area, detracts from the proper performance of duty and will be avoided. Under no circumstances will you drink intoxicants while on duty. When reporting for duty, you will not be under the effects of intoxicants nor will you have the odor of alcohol on your breath. e. Attitude Toward Servicemen. Your attitude will be one of helpfulness. Unnecessary police su- pervision hurts morale and tends to cause friction with other service personnel. Harassing service- men by indiscriminate inspection of passes or other such actions will be carefully avoided. You

TACO 6569C 13 do not interfere with the activities of servicemen unless their actions are unlawful, endanger secur- ity, bring discredit on the Armed Forces, or are harmful to welfare or health. f. Attitude Toward Offender. When instructing, correcting, or cautioning a serviceman, make sure that your attitude or actions do not constitute or imply admonition or reprimand. Limit remarks or reminders to friendly but serious advice and information. You do not have the authority to punish offenders or to recommend or suggest any form of punishment. g. Personal Obligations. Avoid becoming finan- cially or otherwise obligated to any individual except through private and proper social and business arrangements. The acceptance of favors or gratuities in the performance of your duties tends to reflect adversely on your reputation and integrity and to interfere with your effective per- formance of duty. Some proprietors of taverns, places of amusement, and eating places attempt to win favor with military police by offering free drinks, food, or amusement tickets. You will not accept such offers on or off duty. To aid in pre- venting such offers, it is advisable when off duty to avoid establishments in areas where you per- form duty. h. Respectilg Confidence. Treat with confidence all information concerning the difficulties of serv- icemen and others involved in violations. The iden- tity of informants will never be disclosed except to proper authorities. Under no circumstances will you engage in gossip or idle talk about mat-

14 TAGO 6569C ters concerning delinquencies, apprehensions, or offenses. i. Avoiding the Use of Profanity. You will re- frain from using profanity when on duty. This restraint is dictated by common decency and de- manded by the nature of your duty. By refrain- ing from using profanity in everyday conversa- tion, you will have little difficulty in exercising this restraint while on duty. j. Reporting Responsibilities. You will report to proper authorities all information known to you concerning alleged violations. The only ex- ception to this is when you make on-the-spot cor- rections of minor violations. Suppressing or with- holding reports or information concerning alleged violations is an act of intentional neglect of duty. k. Mental and Moral Attributes. You will strive to develop the following qualities in your mental and moral makeup: (1) Initiative. An aptitude and self-reliance that will enable you to act on your own responsibility in the absence of orders and to carry out an assigned duty with- out recourse to higher authority. (2) Dependability. A trustworthiness that must be demonstrated so that higher authority need not question your reli- ability. (3) Common sense. The good judgment and prudence that is necessary when dealing with other servicemen in the perform- ance of your duties. (4) Tolerance. The indulgence and patience necessary to maintain your self-control

TAGO 5569C 15 if unpleasant criticism or jibes are di- rected at you. (5) Courage. A firmness or spirit that will enable you to face danger in spite of fear. (6) Loyalty. Faithfulness to your country, superiors, and subordinates. (7) Honesty. A sense of fairness and straightforwardness in all things. (8) Fidelity. The faithful and exact per- formance of duty and the fulfillment of the confidence placed in you by your commander. 11. Personal Appearance Public opinion of the Armed Forces is influ- enced by the personal appearance of service per- sonnel. You are duty bound to maintain a neat appearance, keep physically fit, and be a model of military bearing. In addition, you should be dig- nified, self-confident, and exhibit pride in the serv- ice and the Corps. Section III. UNIFORM AND EQUIPMENT 12. Uniform The military police uniform is prescribed by the commander in accordance with the policies of the Department of the Army. The uniform varies with the type of duty and climate. You must insure that your uniform fits well and is clean and pressed; that your brass is clean and polished; that your leather equipment is in good repair and polished; that insignia and service ribbons are worn properly; and that extraneous

16 TAGO 6560C items not authorized by regulations or by the commander are not worn. You must be dressed correctly in order to correct uniform violations of other service personnel. 13. Equipment Equipment peculiar to the military policeman varies with the type of duty that he performs. The following items are used on most of your assignments: a. Brassard. The military police brassard bears the letters MP in white on a dark-blue background and is prescribed by regulations. The brassard is worn only when you are performing military police duties. It is a means of identification and a symbol of authority. It is worn firmly affixed on the left sleeve midway between the elbow and the shoulder. When you are detailed to duty in an Armed Forces police detachment, you will wear the prescribed brassard (par. 17f). b. Notebook. The notebook is used for the on- the-spot recording of facts about incidents you may encounter during your tour of duty. It is the source of information for subsequent reports (par. 63). c. Weapons. As a military policeman, you usu- ally will be armed with a pistol, rifle, or shotgun. d. Military Police Club. The military police club is a hand weapon and is carried in a specially designed holder suspended from the belt directly over the left hip. For the use of the club, see paragraph 53c. e. Leather Belt. The leather belt, supported by a leather shoulder strap passing over the left

TAGO 6569C 17 shoulder, supports the pistol holster and other personal equipment. f. Whistle. The whistle is used for alerting purposes, summoning assistance, or raising an alarm. It is worn so that it is readily available. The hook end of the whistle chain is attached to the button on the left shoulder strap of the outer garment. The other end of the chain, with the whistle, is attached to the button on the left pocket of the outer garment, i. e., shirt, jacket, or coat. g. White Accessories. Military police are au- thorized white accessories consisting of cap cover, lanyard, and gloves, The loop of the lanyard is worn around the right shoulder under the shoulder strap of the outer garment with the other end fastened to the pistol. h. Other Items. Military police are frequently equipped with flashlights, hand irons, and other items specified by the commander. These items are worn in the manner prescribed by him. Section IV. ORGANIZATIONS AND FACILITIES 14. Military Police Organizations Military police organizations include detach- ments, companies, battalions, and groups. These organizations are assigned to various commands of the Army to meet operational requirements for military police support. To meet changing situa. tions, adjustments in the overall strength and composition of military police units are made by the Department of the Army for Army forces employed in theaters of operations and in the continental United States (CONUS).

18 TAoO 6569C a. Military police organizations are integral parts of divisions, corps, and armies. Additional units may be assigned for support of specific missions. For example, field armies have specially organized military police units for processing, escorting, and guarding prisoners of war. Mili- tary police are also organized into special units for operations at relatively stable installations, such as ports, beaches, hospitals, railways, and pipelines. b. The details of organization, the allotment of weapons, and the distribution of items of equip- ment for most military police units are shown in the Army's 19-series tables of organization and equipment. 15. Operational Facilities a. Military Police Station. A military police station is a control center for enforcement, traffic control, circulation control, and similar opera- tions performed by military police. The station is the place where you report for duty and where you are inspected, given your duty assignment, and briefed prior to going on duty. It is where you bring offenders for questioning and booking. You return to the station for debriefing and com- pleting the required reports prior to going off duty. Personnel in the military police station normally include a duty officer, desk sergeant, desk clerk, radio operator, patrol sergeant, in- vestigators, and a ready reserve (FM 19-10). A military police battalion or company may operate several military police stations when distance, volume of activity, or different missions require

TACO 6569C 19 them. In combat operations, the military police station is located in the general vicinity of the unit headquarters. b. Traffic Control Posts. Traffic control posts are points on a road net at which military police control traffic, enforce regulations, control circu- lation of individuals, and provide information to users of the road (FM 19-25). In addition, per- sonnel at traffic control posts may perform strag- gler control. Traffic control posts are normally connected by motorized patrols that provide li- aison and supplemental assistance. In perform- ing traffic control duties, you may be manning a traffic control post or working in conjunction with personnel who are manning such a post. c. Straggler Posts and Collecting Points. In combat areas, straggler posts and collecting points are established to apprehend stragglers, to ad- minister to their needs, and to return them to their units (FM 19-10). d. Prisoner-of-War Facilities (FM 19-40). (1) Collecting points. Collecting points are designated localities in frontline areas where prisoners of war are assembled, pending local examination for informa- tion of immediate tactical value and subsequent evacuation. Division military police normally establish a collecting point in the vicinity of the division com- mand post. Collecting points also may be established and operated by combat and battle groups in forward areas. (2) Cages. Cages are established by corps and army, in their respective areas, for

20 TAGO 6569C the interrogation and temporary deten- tion of prisoners of war pending further evacuation. (3) Camps. Camps are semipermanent in- stallations established in the theater ad- ministrative zone or zone of interior (home country) for the internment and complete administration of prisoners of war. Military police guard company per- sonnel guard prisoners at these camps. e. Military Prisoner Facilities. (1) Stockade. This is an installation or field organization confinement facility under the direct control of the local installa- tion or area commander. The provost marshal on the commander's staff exer- cises staff supervision over the facility's operations In general, only military prisoners sentenced to confinement for a period of six months or less serve their sentence at a stockade. The stockade is also used for the detention of persons awaiting the filing and disposition of charges; trial; and action of the con- vening authority of the court-martial that tried the prisoner. (2) Disciplinary barracks. This is a CONUS confinement facility that provides for the confinement of military prisoners- (a) With punitive discharges who will have six months or more remaining to serve in confinement upon arrival at the disciplinary barracks.

TAGO 6569C 21 (b) Without punitive discharges if the sentence is for one year or more and who will have six months or more re- maining to serve in confinement upon arrival at the disciplinary barracks. (3) Rehabilitation training center. This is a correctional facility established in per- iods of national emergency with the principal mission of retraining Army prisoners for restoration to duty. Section V. OTHER LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES 16. General Police authority in the United States is exer- cised by many agencies representative of State, county, and municipal jurisdictions, as well as various special-function agencies within the Fed- eral Government, including the Armed Forces. 17. Armed Forces Agencies a. Navy. Normally, the Navy enforces military law, orders, and regulations in respect to its per- sonnel by means of local ship or shore-based de- tails, comprised of officers and enlisted personnel, designated as shore patrols. A larger naval shore establishment may include in its organization an officer designated as provost marshal whose prin- cipal duty is to supervise police functions. The duty brassard bears the letters SP (shore patrol). b. Marine Corps. The Marine Corps does not have specialized police units, but its personnel normally perform gate and other installational police duties for naval shore establishments. Marine details, usually designated as military

22 TAGO 6569C police, perform enforcement functions for the Corps. The duty brassard bears the letters MP (military police). c. Air Force. Enforcement, traffic control, and security functions are performed in the Air Force by specialized units, designated as air police squadrons, comprised of officers and enlisted per- sonnel. The duty brassard bears the letters AP (air police). d. Coast Guard. Details designated as shore patrols perform enforcement activities in respect to Coast Guard personnel. The duty brassard bears the letters SP (shore patrol). e. Counter Intelligence Corps. The Corps pro- vides detection and related services in respect to disaffection and subversion in the areas of Army jurisdiction. f. Armed Forces Police Detachments. Military police services for the several armed services, jointly, are provided in particular areas by Armed Forces police detachments. The detachments are organized by agreement among the senior com- manders of the services in the areas where the detachments operate. Personnel are supplied by the supporting services. The duty brassard bears the words Armed Forces Police.

18. Federal Agencies-Nonmilitary a. Department of Justice. Agencies in this de- partment include the- (1) Federal Bureau of Investigation. The Bureau investigates for the Department of Justice all allegations of violation of Federal laws with the exception of those

TAGO 6569C 23 concerning matters which by legislative enactment or other direction are within the investigative jurisdiction of another Federal agency. Included within the re- sponsibilities of the Bureau is investiga- tion relative to espionage, sabotage, trea- son, and other matters pertaining to the internal security of the United States. (2) Immigration and Naturalization Service. The Service administers the immigration and naturalization laws relating to the admission, exclusion, and deportation of aliens, and the naturalization of aliens who are lawful residents in the United States. It investigates alleged violations of those laws and makes recommenda- tions for prosecutions. The Service pa- trols the borders of the United States to prevent the illegal entry of aliens and registers and fingerprints aliens residing in the United States. (3) United States Marshals. Marshals en- force the orders of United States district courts to which they are attached and have custody of prisoners of the court. b. Department of the Treasury. The following enforcement agencies are in this department: (1) United States Secret Service. The prin- cipal duties of the Secret Service are to protect the person of the President of the United States and members of his immediate family, the President-elect, and the Vice President at his request, and to detect and arrest any person

24 TAGO 6569C committing any offense against the laws of the United States relating to coins, obligations, and securities of the United States and of foreign governments and counterfeiting or forging of Government transportation requests. (2) Bureau of Customs. The principal func- tion of the Bureau is the assessment and collection of import duties and, incident to this, the prevention of smuggling. The Bureau cooperates with other Gov- ernment agencies in enforcing laws rela- tive to certain articles of import or ex- port. (3) Bureau of Narcotics. (a) The Bureau supervises the adminis- tration and investigation, detection, and prevention of violations of those sections of the Internal Revenue Code relative to narcotic drugs and mari- huana, the Opium Poppy Control Act of 1942, and related statutes, including the permissive features of the Nar- cotic Drugs Import and Export Act. It cooperates with the Bureau of Cus- toms in matters of mutual interest. (b) The Bureau issues permits to import crude narcotic drugs and to export drugs and preparations manufactured therefrom and determines the quanti- ties of narcotic drugs to be manufac- tured in the United States for medical purposes. (c) The Bureau cooperates with the sev-

TAGO 66569C 25 eral states in the suppression of the illegal use of narcotic drugs and mari- huana in their respective jurisdictions. (4) Internal Revenue Service. The Service has general superintendence of the as- sessment and collection of taxes imposed by laws providing internal revenue and is charged with the associated enforce- ment activities. This includes the ad- ministration and enforcement of the laws and regulations relating to alcohol, to- bacco, and firearms. Investigative and enforcement functions are performed by its various branches. c. Post Office Department. The Postal Inspec- tion Service of the Department is responsible for the conduct of all criminal investigations of the postal establishment; for the protection of mail and property; and for maintaining liaison with other investigative or law enforcement agencies of the Government. d. Administrative Office of the United States Courts. United States probation officers, under the Division of Probation, Administrative Office of the United States Courts, serve as parole ad- visers and supervise military prisoners on parole from United States disciplinary barracks. 19. State, County, and Municipal Agencies a. State Agencies. Each State maintains agen- cies for the enforcement of its laws within its jur- isdiction. The following are typical of these agen- cies: (1) State police. State police enforce cer- tain penal laws and traffic regulations. 26 TAGO 65690 (2) State highway patrols. Highway patrols enforce State highway traffic laws; they may enforce certain State penal laws. (3) State bureaus of investigation. These bureaus investigate matters relative to State penal laws. (4) Fish and game wardens. These wardens enforce State fish and game laws. (5) Forest rangers. These rangers enforce State forestry laws. b. County Enforcement Agencies. The sheriff and his deputies in each county or parish (Louisi- ana) normally have the responsibility of enforc- ing county laws and, in cooperation with State and municipal agencies, certain State penal laws, such as the State Criminal Code. c. Municipal Agencies. Cities, towns, and town- ships normally provide local police services for the protection of property; regulation of highway traffic; enforcement of local penal laws; and, in cooperation with State agencies, enforcement of certain State penal laws, such as the State Crim- inal Code.

TAGO 6569C 27 CHAPTER 3 JURISDICTION AND AUTHORITY

Section 1. JURISDICTION 20. Definition Jurisdiction is a sphere or scope of authority. It indicates the territory, persons, subject mat- ter, and limitations in respect to which a particu- lar power or authority may be exercised. 21. Military Jurisdiction a. Military jurisdiction is the extent of, and limitations on, the right of an armed force to ex- ercise authority and control. b. This jurisdiction and its extent in reference to the Armed Forces of the United States are de- termined by military usage; international law; the Constitution of the United States; and acts of Congress, such as the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ), the Posse Comitatus Act, and legislation in respect to the use of the Armed Forces in a domestic emergency. c. Military jurisdiction is exercised through the application of military law, including military orders and regulations; martial rule; and the rules of international law relating to war and military government. (1) Military law. Military law is the law that regulates the entire Military Estab- lishment of the United States. (2) Law of war. The law of war is that seg- ment of conventional and customary in-

28 TAGO 6569C ternational law applicable to the conduct of warfare. (3) Military government. Military govern- ment is the form of administration by which an occupying power exercises ex- ecutive, legislative, and judicial authority over occupied territory (AR 320-5, FM 27-10, and FM 41-10). (4) Martial rule. Martial rule is the exer- cise of control over domestic territory by a military commander as authorized by the President (AR 320-5 and FM 19-15). (5) Military orders and regulations. Orders and regulations are used in a military organization for its internal organization and operation. Orders and regulations are supplemented by the more broadly applicable provisions of military law. d. Military jurisdiction follows military per- sonnel. It extends to military personnel whether or not they are in an area under military control. 22. Judicial Jurisdiction a. As distinguished from the enforcement re- sponsibilities of military policemen, the judicial processes through which military jurisdiction is exercised include- (1) Military commissions and provost courts in respect to offenses of individuals of the civilian population in enemy occu- pied territory or domestic territory when it is under martial rule. (2) Courts-martial for the trial of accused

TAGCO 6569 29 subject to the Uniform Code of Military Justice. b. In addition, commanding officers and officers in charge exercise certain disciplinary powers in respect to minor derelictions. Courts of inquiry may be established to determine facts for investi- gative purposes.

23. Civil Jurisdiction Under the Constitution, the states retain the right of regulating the conduct of persons within their boundaries. This regulation is effected by penal laws declaring certain acts to be felonies or misdemeanors. These laws are enforced by appropriate State, county, and local police agen- cies and courts. The Federal Government also has enacted certain penal laws pertaining to spe- cific matters and areas within its civil jurisdiction that it enforces through its own agencies. 24. Concurrent Jurisdiction a. Within the United States, because of the constitutional basis of the separate State and Federal Governments, there is a separation of civil jurisdiction between state governments and the Federal Government. Independent military jurisdiction may be concurrent with either of these civil jurisdictions. Military jurisdiction is a type of Federal jurisdiction since the Armed Forces are Federal agencies; however, military jurisdiction is as distinct from Federal civil jur- isdiction as it is from State civil jurisdiction. b. When a soldier is in the territorial area of a State, he is within the civil jurisdiction of the State. Since military jurisdiction follows the

30 TAGO 65690 soldier, he is also within the jurisdiction of the Army. Thus, there is concurrent jurisdiction in both the State and the Army as to his conduct. The agency that has precedence in a given situa- tion is usually indicated in standing operating procedures. c. An area within military jurisdiction, such as a post or other installation, is also within some civil jurisdiction. In the United States, this is the State in whose territory the installa- tion is located unless the State has ceded the land to Federal authority and control. The mili- tary jurisdiction of the Army is concurrent with the civil jurisdiction of the State or Federal Gov- ernment, whichever applies, in respect to the conduct of persons present on the installation. d. In concurrent jurisdiction situations, your actions will depend upon the operating agreements in effect and will be governed by standing opera- ting procedures. Section II. AUTHORITY 25. Basis of Authority Authority is the legal power to act or command. The authority of military police to enforce mili- tary law, orders, and regulations, by apprehen- sion if necessary, is derived primarily from the constitutional powers of the President of the United States as Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces and the constitutional power of Congress to make rules for the Armed Forces. With respect to apprehension, see article 7 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice, AR 600-320, and chapter V of the Manual for Courts-Martial,

TAGO 6569C 31 United States, 1951. Military police will famil- iarize themselves with the contents of the articles of the UCMJ in order to perform their duties more effectively. a. In a combat zone, an occupied enemy terri- tory, and a domestic territory under martial rule, the authority of military police in respect to per- sons other than those subject to the UCMJ is derived from policies and orders of the military commander which must be based upon interna- tional or domestic law, as appropriate. b. Various provisions involving the authority of military policemen are contained throughout this manual. It is to be emphasized that the au- thority of military police in a friendly foreign nation or territory may be, and in most cases is, different from the authority which they have in the United States. This difference arises basically from the concept that the law of the country con- cerned, except as otherwise provided by agree- ment, is applicable to all persons, including mili- tary policemen, in that country. It is important to note, therefore, that the authority of military policemen may be limited in such countries, and may differ depending upon the particular country. It is imperative that these differences, and the limitations resulting therefrom, be known. 26. Authority Over Persons and Areas a. In the execution of their duties, military police have authority to take appropriate action in respect to persons subject to the UCMJ or sub- ject to trial thereunder. This authority is ap- plicable to-

32 TAGO 6569C (1) All members of the Armed Forces who are on active duty and certain retired and other personnel (UCMJ, art. 2). (2) In time of war, persons accompanying or serving with the armies of the United States in the field, both within and out- side of the territorial jurisdiction of the United States. "In the field" does not refer to any particular locality and is not restricted to the immediate area of combat. With respect to oversea areas, however, see paragraph 25b. b. Military police exercise no authority over members of the National Guard, the Army Re- serve, or the Reserve Officers' Training Corps who are not on active duty in Federal service, ex- cept in their rights as private citizens to appre- hend in certain cases (par. 28). c. Ordinarily in the continental United States, military police have the same authority to appre- hend friendly foreign military personnel as mili- tary police have to apprehend civilians under their rights to make a citizen arrest. However, after authorization by the President and upon the request of the commanding officer of a friend- ly foreign force having service courts in this country, you may apprehend a designated member of the friendly foreign force and deliver him to United States military authorities for redelivery to the custody of the requesting force (58 Stat. 643, 645, 22 U. S. C. 702 and 706). No such au- thorization presently exists. d. In areas within military jurisdiction, military police in proper cases may take into custody per-

TAGO 6569C 33 sons whether or not they are in the military serv- ice (AR 600-320). (1) Civilians not subject to the UCMJ who are found committing a felony or a mis- demeanor amounting to a breach of the peace on a military reservation may be apprehended and detained long enough to be turned over to civil authorities. With respect to oversea areas, see par- agraph 25b. (2) Civilians not subject to the UCMJ also may be apprehended for violation of post regulations, in the application of the authority of the commander. These persons then may be escorted to the exit of the post. The commander may refuse them reentry onto the post. c. Outside military reservations in the con- tinental United States, military police authority is applicable only to persons subject to the UCMJ, except in situations involving martial rule or hos- tilities. f. In combat areas and in occupied enemy ter- ritory, military police authority is applicable to all inhabitants. You enforce regulatory measures in these areas until this function is limited by agreement or relinquished to another agency. Your authority is contained in the orders and regulations of the commander. 27. Authority To Apprehend Your authority to apprehend is inherent in customary police authority and is specified in AR 600-10 and AR 630-10. It is within the scope of your authority over persons.

34 TAGO 6569C 28. Citizen Arrest in the United States a. A private person has the right to make an arrest on his own authority in cases of a- (1) Felony or a misdemeanor amounting to a breach of the peace that has been comn- mitted in his presence. (2) Felony not committed in his presence, if the felony has, in fact, been comnzited and the arresting person has reasonable cause to believe that the person arrested committed the offense. b. You may exercise this authority in your ca- pacity as a private person.

29. Authority To Search and Seize a. Source of Authority. The authority of mili. tary police to perform searches and seizures is closely related to, and implied from, their au- thority to make apprehensions in the course of their enforcement of military law, orders, and regulations. With respect to oversea areas, how- ever, see paragraph 25b. b. Extent of Authority. Military police per- form searches and seizures in places and areas within military jurisdiction or where otherwise lawful in the exercise of their police authority for purposes of apprehending a suspect or securing evidence that tends to prove an offense has been committed. Military police can lawfully search and seize in places not within military jurisdiction only as incidental to an authorized apprehension or with consent of the person who is the legal

TAGO 6569e 35 occupant of the place at the time of search. Mili- tary police can make lawful entry into private property without consent only in the course of hot pursuit of a felon who is subject to military jurisdiction. If he is apprehended there, the same search may be made as is authorized incidental to apprehension. For a search to be lawful, it must be reasonable in relation to locating contra- hand, concealed weapons, stolen property, or other matter relative to a specific offense. A purely ex- ploratory search for material having some general evidentiary value only is not lawful. c. Authorized Searches (MCM, par. 152). (1) Military police have general authority to perform the following searches: (a) A search of an individual's person, of the clothing he is wearing, and of the property in his immediate possession or control conducted incident to law- fully apprehending him and for the purpose of securing instrumentalities or other objects connected with the offense for which he is apprehended. Property in his immediate possession and control includes his baggage or automobile then in his possession, his hotel room, or private office if he was apprehended there. If a person is apprehended within his barracks, his locker and effects may be searched. However, if he is apprehended outside of his barracks, possession and control would not extend to items in his bar- racks. Apprehending a soldier in a

36 TAGO 6569C hotel lobby does not authorize a search of his room in the hotel. (b) A search when circumstances demand immediate action to prevent the re- moval or disposal of property believed on reasonable grounds to be illegally possessed. (c) A search conducted with the volun- tary consent of the owner, lessee, or bailee of the property to be searched when it is in his possession. There should be witnesses to the consent to search. (2) Military police may make the following searches only after obtaining specific authority from the commanding officer (including the officer in charge) or from a person to whom thecommanding officer has delegated his authority to order searches (AR 190-22): (a) A search of property owned or con- trolled by the United States and under the control of the Armed Forces. This includes property located within a military installation or in a foreign or an occupied territory and is owned, used, or occupied by persons subject to military law or to the law of war (par. 25b). (b) A search of vehicles and persons en- tering, on, or leaving a military reser- vation. The commander authorizes these searches incident to his control of the installation.

TAGO 65690 37 (3) Military police may search military premises and articles, such as store- rooms, files, desks, and similar property, provided the officer who is directly re- sponsible for the premises and articles authorizes the search. d. Authorized Property Seizure. During an au- thorized apprehension or search, military police are authorized to seize property of evidentiary value, contraband, or prohibited property (AR 190-22). When property is seized during a search, it is advisable, but not legally necessary, that the seizure be made in the presence of the accused. A receipt will be given to the person from whom property of evidentiary value or prohibited prop- erty is seized. (1) Property of evidentiary value includes anything that tends to prove the exist- ence of a matter of fact. (2) Contraband is items that Federal sta- tutes forbid persons to have in their pos- session. It includes such items as coun- terfeit money, counterfeiting equipment, and narcotic and dangerous nonnarcotic drugs when their possession is unauthor- ized. (3) Prohibited property is any property other than contraband the possession of which is forbidden by law or appropriate regulations to any person subject to mili- tary law. 30. Limitations of Authority Military police must be familiar with the follow- ing limitations of authority:

38 TAGO 6569C ~~Cll~'i

TAGO 6569C 39 a. Posse Comitatus Act. This act prohibits the employment of military personnel to assist com- petent civil authority in the enforcement of civil laws (fig. 2). The Posse Comitatus Act provides in part: "Whoever, except in cases and under circum- stances expressly authorized by the Con- stitution or Act of Congress, willfully uses any part of the Army or the Air Force as a posse comitatus or otherwise to execute laws shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned not more than two years, or both...." (70A Stat. 626, 18 U. S. C. 1385.) (1) For example, it is prohibited to employ military police to assist civil authorities in the control of traffic off military reser- vations if the control is exercised to en- force only local civil traffic regulations. The prohibitions of the act may not be avoided by subterfuge, i. e., using troops to search, under the guise of a training maneuver, for a civilian offender believed to be hiding nearby. (2) The Posse Comitatus Act does not pro- hibit the use of troops pursuant to the constitutional or statutory authority of the President (AR 500-50 and AR 500- 60). This act is not applicable in for- eign countries and in Alaska. b. Entrapment. It is contrary to public policy and to the established law of the land for any law enforcement personnel, including military police,

40 TAGO 6569C to incite or encourage the commission of a crime for the purpose of apprehending the offender. Therefore, you are not authorized to lead or entice a person into committing an offense for the pur- pose of apprehending him. Such action by you constitutes entrapment. c. Search. Except in certain limited situations of apprehension, consent, and strict emergency in the case of disposable property (par. 29), military police are not authorized to make searches in areas within exclusive civil jurisdiction. In other in- stances, a civil search warrant is required if the search is to be lawful. However, military police are not authorized to execute such warrants. If a search requiring a warrant is deemed necessary, submit the necessary information through your superiors to the provost marshal. With respect to oversea areas, however, see paragraph 25b.

TAGO 6569C 41 CHAPTER 4 DUTIES OF THE MILITARY POLICEMAN

Section I. COMPLIANCE 31. General Maintaining discipline through compliance by military personnel with military law, orders, and regulations is a basic objective of military police. The primary duty of military police is to enforce these directives and to promote compliance with them. 32 Promoting Compliance Compliance is promoted by- a. Your Own Example. As a soldier with the duty of directly supporting the command by en- forcing military law, orders, and regulations, you must be sure of your own compliance. By such demonstrated leadership, you help others to un- derstand what is desired of them. b. On-the-Spot Corrections. Minor violations, such as uniform violations, minor traffic viola- tions, and minor breaches of the peace (boisterous conduct or noisy quarreling), may be corrected on the spot. By explanation to the violator, you may obtain his compliance with regulations without further action. When military personnel are ap- proached for the purpose of making an on-the- spot correction, you may determine their identity and authority to be in the area by requesting to see and examining their identity cards, passes, or

42 TAGO 6569C leave orders. If their presence in the area is un- authorized, action other than, or in addition to, the planned on-the-spot correction may be ap- propriate. c. Visual information and Reminders. These means include traffic signs, off-limits signs, and such action as plainly visible patrolling. d. Positive Assistance and Control Measures. These activities include- (1) Instructional projects, such as supplying military police instructors, speakers, or demonstration teams on special occa- sions. (2) Preparation and distribution of printed information or instructions in reference to the local application of regulations. (3) Registration projects, such as the reg- istration of personal firearms and pri- vately owned vehicles, and the issuance of post hunting and fishing permits. (4) Inspection projects, such as the safety inspection of privately owned automo- biles. e. Other Activities. Effectively performing ac- tivities, such as traffic control, straggler and cir- culation control, physical security operations, and making apprehensions. tends to encourage per- sonnel to comply with regulations. Military police should be judged by the absence of disorder, not the visible means of repression.

TAGO 6569C 43 Section II. MILITARY POLICE-PUBLIC RELATIONS AND SERVICES 33. Public Relations Military police public relations, manifested in the services military police render, continuously foster good will, understanding, and cooperation in the Armed Forces and in the civilian com- munity. 34. Services Military police assistance to other military per- sonnel, dependents, and civilians is similar to the assistance civil police render the public. When given in a courteous and friendly manner, this assistance is one of the best methods of fostering good relations between the public and military police and other members of the Armed Forces. a. Giving Information. Be thoroughly familiar with the area in which you perform your duty so that when asked for information you can sup- ply it, either from personal knowledge or from sources available to you. Never answer a request with merely "I don't know." Make every effort to obtain the information requested; however, give classified information only to personnel au- thorized to have it. When unable to supply the information requested, refer the individual to the appropriate agency. b. First Aid. Since military police usually are among the first persons to arrive at scenes of disorders, riots, accidents, and other incidents, you must be prepared to assist the injured in an effective and creditable manner. Be familiar with

44 TAGO 6669C the fundamentals of first aid and be able to ad- minister them (FM 21-11). Know the location of military and civilian hospitals and dispensaries so that you can obtain prompt medical attention for the injured. c. Protective Custody. Military police assist persons subject to military jurisdiction who are in need of aid or assistance (AR 600-320). A re- port of this assistance is submitted; however, it is not an adverse report. This protective assistance is rendered when a person subject to military jurisdiction- (1) Makes a reasonable request for such action. (2) Is found in a public place without funds and in need of assistance. (3) Has suffered illness or injury and is in need of assistance. (4) Is in need of protection from violence or injury. (5) May, under the circumstances, bring discredit on the service unless he is de- terred or taken into custody and re- turned to his station. Section III. MILITARY POLICE PATROLS AND FIXED POSTS 35. General Military police on patrols and at fixed posts perform their duties under supervisors located at a military police station or unit operations center. 36. Military Police Patrols a. Military police patrols, normally consisting

TAGO 65G9C 45 of two military policemen, perform enforcement activities in an assigned area during a specific period of time. The routes to be followed and the duties to be performed are posted at the military police station or operations center and are given to you at your briefing. However, the detailed pattern and time of your patrolling should be varied so that would-be offenders cannot deter- mine your routes and schedules. b. Military police patrols may be foot patrols, motor patrols, train and terminal patrols, water patrols, or air patrols. These patrols may be conducted with civil police, personnel of other services, or personnel of other nations. c. In order to get assistance in cases of emer- gency, be familiar with the means of communica- tion available on your route, with neighboring or overlapping patrols, and with civil police. If you request assistance from a member of the Armed Forces and he fails or refuses to comply with your request, report him to your commanding officer.

37. Foot Patrols Military police foot patrols cover limited areas frequented by military personnel, such as busi- ness districts or amusement areas. Short patrol routes may be used so that you can give special attention to known or potential trouble spots. The following techniques will assist you in performing patrol duty: a. Know your patrol area thoroughly, including its streets, buildings, and other physical features. b. Become acquainted with such persons as storekeepers who live or work in your area. They

46 TACO 6569C may be good sources of information or assistance to you. Be courteous toward them but do not ac- cept favors or gratuities. c. Be able to give simple, accurate directions as to the location of certain facilities, such as transportation terminals, hospitals, USO's, and theaters, in or adjacent to your area. Know em- ergency routes in and from your area. d. Walk at a distance from buildings or struc- tures so that you can better observe the area, be less susceptible to surprise, and be readily seen and contacted by your supervisors or by persons who seek your assistance. e. Enter public establishments in an incon- spicuous manner. Pause to observe the activities and then move through the establishment to view conditions without loitering or disturbing the oc- cupants. When entering dark areas, such as un- lighted alleys or interiors, let your eyes become adjusted to the darkness before you proceed far- ther. f. Be curious, take the initiative, check or in- quire into anything within the scope of your duties and authority concerning military person- nel that is suggestive of improper conduct or dis- order, and take appropriate action. 38. Motor Patrols a. Military police motor patrols perform essen- tially the same functions as foot patrols; however, they provide coverage of a much more extensive area and perform selective enforcement. Motor patrols are capable of providing rapid reinforce- ment of other patrols, supervisory or transporta-

TAGO 6560C 47 tion services, communication services, and emer- gency services. b. Motor patrols normally divide their actions between cruising and parking in areas where vio- lations frequently occur. These activities should be performed in a plainly visible manner. Visible patrols encourage compliance. Parking the vehicle in obscure places. such as behind billboards or among trees, is not conducive to good public rela- tions or effective enforcement. c. Set a good example for other drivers by observing traffic regulations and road courtesy. d. In answering emergency calls, warning de- vices, such as sirens and red lights mounted on the vehicle, should be ased in accordance with local standing operating procedures. Speed limits apply to all vehicles, including vehicles on emer- gency calls, and are established as maximum SAFE speeds under ideal conditions; therefore, excess speed should be resorted to only when local policy permits and the situation warrants such action. e. The procedures for pursuing, pacing, and apprehending personnel in a vehicle are described in FM 19-25. Because of the nature of this ac- tion, you must be exceptionally cautious in ap- proaching the vehicle after it has stopped. If the persons in the halted vehicle are suspected of having committed a felony, precaution may war- rant making the approach with weapons drawn. One member of the patrol should position himself to the left rear and the other to the right rear of the halted vehicle, each out of the line of fire of the other. One military policeman takes initial

48 TACO 6569C action directed first to the occupants of the rear seat and then to the occupants of the front seat of the vehicle. He calls out in firm commands to each passenger of the halted vehicle, in indicated turns, to leave the vehicle. 39. Special Patrols You may be assigned to duty with one of the following special patrols: a. Train and Terminal Patrols. Military police train and terminal patrols are a type of fixed patrol established for a particular time, trans- portation facility, and place as required (TM 19-275). These patrols enforce regulations among Armed Forces personnel and other personnel within military jurisdiction who are traveling on railroad trains or other large-scale means of con- veyance or who are in terminals. They may op- erate terminal information posts to provide in- formation and other assistance to military per- sonnel and their dependents. b. Water Patrols. Military police water patrols are primarily concerned with physical security. Otherwise, their duties are basically the same as those performed in other military police opera- tions. Water patrols constitute an extension of on-shore military police operations. They are used on water areas of military ports, ocean or river loading or unloading points, and military instal- lations accessible by waterways. If you are as- signed to a water patrol, you will receive training in boating operations, customs regulations if per- tinent, and techniques of boat patrolling, such as boarding procedures, water safety, marine fire-

TAGO 656DC 49 fighting and prevention, marine chart and map reading, and the operation of certain marine de- vices. c. Air Patrols. Military police patrols may use Army aircraft for patrol purposes incident to reconnaissance, traffic control, circulation control, control of stragglers and line crossers, the security of interior areas, search for escaped prisoners or lost persons, and general observation. Air patrols may be of considerable usefulness in enforcement operations relative to crowd, mob, or riot control or the establishment and maintenance of order and control in areas suffering from disaster or major damage from enemy action. In an emer- gency, aircraft may be used to transport reinforce- ments or supplemental patrols, to effect communi- cations, to transport injured or apprehended per- sons, and to assist in establishing order and con- trol in areas inaccessible by other vehicles. Radios and voice amplifiers may be used to communicate directly with patrols or groups on the ground to relay information and orders and to give direc- tions or other assistance. 40. Patrolling With Other Personnel a. With Civil Po.ice. Under exceptional circum- stances where your commander has entered into a mutually acceptable agreement with local au- thorities, you may patrol with civil police to keep to a minimum conduct by military personnel which is prejudicial to good order and military discipline. Only experienced personnel of mature judgment and thoroughly familiar with this agree- ment and the implications involved in violating

50 TAGO 6669q the terms of the Posse Comitatus Act will be se- lected for this duty. You will accompany civil police for the sole purpose of enforcing the UCMJ among persons subject to it. You remain under the command of, and are directly responsible to, your military superior and you will exercise no authority over the civil police or the civilian popu- lace. In case of misconduct or apparent law viola- tion, no action will be taken by you unless the individual concerned has been identified as a mem- ber of the military service. b. With Personnel of Other Military Services. You may be assigned to patrol jointly with Navy, Marine, Air Force, or Coast Guard personnel. In this situation, each member is exercising a com- mon military authority derived from the same source. By agreement among the secretaries of the Army, Navy, Air Force and Treasury, the authority of military police and the enforcement personnel of other services is extended to include all members of the Armed Forces, regardless of their particular service. A similar situation is encountered when you are assigned to duty with an Armed Forces police detachment (par. 17f). c. With Personnel of Other Nations. Military police may be detailed to patrol with military personnel of other nations. These combined pa- trols are operated in areas frequented by military personnel of various nations. They serve to con- serve manpower and equipment, to overcome lan- guage and jurisdictional barriers, and to provide security for members of the patrol. Each mem- ber of this patrol is supporting a different source of military jurisdiction. By command agreements

TAGO 65690 51 or civil affairs agreements, however, each member may be authorized to take some degree of en- forcement action in reference to all military per- sonnel of countries that are parties to the agree- ments. The limits and extent of your authority will be defined in your specific orders. 41. Fixed Posts Military police are stationed at fixed posts to perform duties at locations that do not require patrol type movements. These posts may be established at especially troublesome locations; at main gates to installations; and at designated places to protect persons, property, areas, and buildings. Your duties while on these fixed posts will be in accordance with special orders for the post and other principles of military police proce- dure that apply in the situation.

Section IV. CRIME PREVENTION 42. General Crime prevention is concerned with activities that assist in the elimination or suppression of conditions that tend to encourage criminal acts. 43. Crime Prevention Activities Military police aid in crime prevention by- a. Enforcing military law, orders, and regula- tions, and setting an example of proper conduct. b. Taking direct action to control military per- sonnel, such as checking passes, enforcing curfew regulations, making on-the-spot corrections, and providing protective assistance. c. Patrolling off-limits areas or establishments.

52 TAGO 6569C d. Patrolling in a plainly visible manner. e. Observing and reporting conditions and places that are conducive to crime. f. Participating in physical security and crime prevention surveys. 44. Vice Suppression Military police are concerned with the control of vice that affects personnel of the Armed Forces. Liasion with civil police, local public health offi- cers, Army medical service officers, and other Governmental agencies will assist in determining probable vice locations and areas of operations. a. Prostitution. (1) In the United States, civil authorities have sole authority to apprehend prosti- tutes or to close houses of prostitution. The May Act (18 U.S.C. 1384) prohibits prostitution in the vicinity of military camps. Commanders take appropriate action through Armed Forces Disciplin- ary Control Boards to declare all iden- tified houses of prostitution off limits to all United States military personnel. Mil- itary police enforce these off-limits re- strictions. (2) In friendly territory, the control of prostitution remains the responsibility of the civil authorities of the friendly na- tion. Houses of prostitution or establish- ments frequented by prostitutes are placed off limits to personnel of the Armed Forces upon the order of the United States military commander. Usu-

TAGO 6569C 53 ally, detailed procedures are agreed upon by the commander and the civil and mili- tary authorities of the friendly power. (3) In occupied territory, the theatre com- mander or military governor prescribes the policies for the suppression of pros- titution, and military police either exe- cute these policies and regulations or supervise their enforcement by civil au- thorities. Military police may be assigned to special vice squads where active sup- pression of prostitution is required in occupied territory. b. Narcotics. Military police must be alert to detect any unauthorized use, possession, purchase, or sale of narcotic drugs by military personnel or the unauthorized introduction of narcotics into Government facilities or installations. If at any time military police suspect that narcotics are being illegally sold or used, an immediate detailed report should be made to the provost marshal. c. Gambling. Gambling operations may be dis- covered early through the effective employment of and reporting by military police patrols. Patrols should report any indications of the existence of gambling activities. d. Black-Marketing. Military police should re- port the exchange of commodities in violation of price, priority or rationing laws. They should ap- prehend personnel subject to military jurisdiction who participate in black-market activities. With respect to oversea areas see paragraph 25b.

54 TACO 6569C 45. Reporting Observations Military police observe many activities that do not require immediate police action but do create doubt and suspicion. You should make notes on such activities (par. 63) and give the information to the desk sergeant at the end of the tour of duty. When submitted to the supervisor this in- formation gives him a picture of activities within his area of responsibility that otherwise may not be available.

Section V. APPREHENSION, RESTRAINT, AND DETENTION 46. General Apprehension is the act of placing a person in custody, thereby temporarily depriving him of his liberty. An apprehension is effected by clearly notifying the subject orally or in writing that he is being taken into custody. 47. When To Apprehend Military police must use good judgment in de- termining whether a member of the Armed Forces should be apprehended. Consider the nature of the incident from the standpoint of whether it is minor or serious. Military police are guided by the following principles: "To Guide the Responsible." "To Correct the Irresponsible." "To Apprehend the Incorrigible." a. Minor Incident. Some incidents, such as illegal parking or matters that permit on-the-spot correction, are normally considered as minor and

TAGO 6569C 55 do not require an apprehension or a detailed in- vestigation. b. Serious Incident. An incident involving loss, damage, or destruction of property; personal in- jury or death; moral turpitude; or crime or gross misconduct is usually considered as serious. The nature of the incident, the extent of loss or damage of property, the extent of injuries to personnel, and the necessity for further corrective or pre- ventive action usually determine the seriousness of the incident. The types of incidents considered serious and the manner of handling and reporting them are normally published in special instruc- tions by the provost marshal' of the local command. Generally, a felony, a breach of the peace, or conduct of a nature that would bring discredit on the military service committed in the presence of military police, or reasonably believed by them to have been or about to be committed, requires ap- prehension of the offender. 48. Aids to Identifying Suspects Proper identification is extremely important in making an apprehension. Primary identification is usually based on a physical description and a photograph of the person. a. Recognition and identification of suspects may be effected through the use of accumulated information on such individuals. Persons who are questioned may give valuable information as to the description or identity of the suspect. An individual may point out a suspect from photo- graphs or in a lineup. b. There are other aids to identification that

56 TAGO 6569C military police should be familiar with and know how to use. Some of these are- (1) Incident reports and desk reference cards. Incident reports and desk refer,- ence cards contain information that may be of assistance in determining the iden- tity of the offender. (2) Personal descriptions. A description of a suspect aids military police in effecting an identification. Descriptions usually contain various data, such as race; height; weight; build; posture; complex- ion; shape of head, nose, and chin; color of hair, mustache, and eyes; visible scars and noticeable deformities; or other easily observed physicial characteristics. (3) Sketches. A description of a wanted per- son obtained from witnesses and/or the victim may furnish an artist enough in- formation to provide a composite sketch of the suspect. (4) Fingerprints. Fingerprint comparison provides positive identification and will resolve any doubts as to the identity of a person. 49. Approach a. Estimate of the Situation. In approaching the scene of an incident, make at least a rapid mental estimate of the situation. Observe the scene carefully, noting details and conditions surround- ing the incident. Consider what courses of action you can take. Notice all personnel in the area and estimate what they might do when you in-

TAGO 6669C 57 tervene. The following factors should be con- sidered: (1) Attitude of suspect. Observe the atti- tude of the suspect and determine whether he is belligerent, boisterous, ag- gressive, surly, meek, mild, or playful. Unless there is good reason to believe otherwise, assume that the suspect is dangerous. The manner in which you approach and address a suspect deter- mines to a large extent the response you receive. For example, an initial appeal to the intelligence and inherent good qualities of an individual may elicit a cooperative response. (2) Manpower. Consider whether sufficient military police are available to cope with the situation. It may be that you need to obtain further assistance. In an em- ergency, call on any member of the Armed Forces to assist you in the execu- tion of your duties, including making an apprehension. (3) Weapons. Consider the adequacy of the weapons available to effect the apprehen- sion if such is planned. b. Plan of Operation. Select the course of ac- tion that seems best in view of what the suspect or his friends may do. Your decisions should be influenced by the immediate nature and serious- ness of the incident and the factors listed in a above. (1) Simplicity. Keep the plan as simple as the occasion permits.

58 TAGO 65690 (2) Surprise. Use the element of surprise in your plan. This affords you an im- mediate advantage over the suspect. (3) Location. Plan to make the apprehension at a location that offers maximum advan- tages to you and a minimum to the sus- pect. Action in a crowded area should be avoided since this may afford avenues of escape and may inhibit the use of firearms. In addition, the suspect may have supporters in the crowd who may come to his aid. e. Approach to an Individual. (1) Assume that the suspect may be danger- ous. Approach him in a firm and decisive manner. Be courteous but restrained. Speak in a calm tone of authority. (2) One military policeman stands to the side to assist from a position of advan- tage. The other military policeman asks to see the suspect's identification, pass, or other appropriate papers. After the identification, apprehend the suspect if the circumstances warrant (fig. 3). If the subject is a known or suspected crim- inal, it may be advisable to approach with your weapon drawn. If so, keep it out of his reach. At the same time, take precautions to avoid assault actions by the suspect. d. Approach to a Group. When approaching a group with the intent of making an apprehension, be careful that the group cannot readily gain the

TAGO 6569C 59 Figure S. Approach technique to an individual.

advantage. Military police should be separated enough to provide freedom of action, but not enough to permit the suspects to come between them. Avoid questioning individuals while in the group. When you wish to question one or more individuals, single out those individuals and ques- tion them apart from the group. If you need to

60 TAGO 6569C apprehend one or more individuals, or the entire group, insure that you have adequate support in the form of other military police, civil police, or friendly service personnel. If the group resists and you cannot cope with the situation, one mili- tary policeman should send for assistance. e. Approach to a Building. In approaching the scene of an incident that has occurred in a build- ing, dwelling, or similar structure, consider whether you have the authority to make an entry, whether innocent persons also may be occupying the premises and what precautions are required to avoid injuring them in the event you need to use firearms, and whether you have sufficient force available. (1) Note all entrances and exits and the best means for you to enter and leave. (2) Determine the number and attitude of people in the building in order to an- ticipate and prepare for any hostile ac- tions from them. (3) If time permits, notify your headquar- ters of your intent to enter the building and request the support that you con- sider advisable. (4) Before entering a door, stand to one side for protection in the event the suspect opens fire (fig. 4). (5) After entering, keep within supporting distance of the other military policeman. While one military policeman investi- gates the incident, the other remains watchful and alert and prepared to render immediate aid.

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,2 TAr.O 6CC98i f. Approach to a Vehicle. The procedures for pursuing, pacing, and apprehending persons in a vehicle are described in FM 19-25. In addition, the precautions contained in paragraph 38e should be noted. 50. Questioning Before Apprehension a. A person being questioned may remove sus- picion by giving a reasonable explanation for his actions or presence, by answering questions to your satisfaction, and by producing proper iden- tification. In such case, take the time to explain the necessity for your inquiry. See paragraphs 59 and 70a. b. When two or more suspects are to be ques- tioned, separate them immediately to prevent their collaboration in contriving a story. Individ- ual suspects more ofter tell the truth if they are not given the time or opportunity to consult with an accomplice. See paragraphs 59 and 70a. 51. Voice Commands The voice and manner in which you give your commands must be appropriate to your purpose and the situation. Be sure that your commands are stated in simple and concise language so that the subject understands you. Your manner of speaking must be convincing and convey an ex- pectation that your instructions will be obeyed. For a frightened person, sympathy combined with an attitude of firm assurance on your part may avoid difficulty. In the case of an uncooperative person, an attitude of forceful authority may be essential. Your commands must be of such nature and'content as to result in exactly what you want and only that. TAGO 6569C 63 a. Initial Commands. Each apprehension is a separate problem requiring commands to fit the situation. "Hands Up" may be proper for the initial command in one apprehension. "Hands Down," "Don't Move," or "Move to the Right" may be appropriate in other situations. The com- mand must be such that its execution does not give an advantage to the suspect. For example, a command may permit the suspect to reach for a weapon while apparently complying with the command. b. Subsequent Commands. An initial command may be followed by more detailed commands to the suspect that require strict compliance on his part and avoid any possibility of surprise to your- self. They should be carefully expressed so that he cannot make unexpected movements, except in obvious disobedience to your orders. c. Armed Persons. In apprehending armed per- sons or persons you suspect of being armed, your attitude and commands are especially significant. Study your subject. A battle-fatigued straggler may be very dangerous, but his confidence may be gained through sympathy. With such an ap- proach, it may be that he can be readily disarmed. A criminal offender may respond to firm state- ments of the advantage to himself in not making his situation worse. If your attitude and reason- ing gain the response you want, do not relax your vigilance but carry through with clear, concise, and careful commands until your objectives of disarming and apprehending him have been fully achieved.

64 TAGO 65690C 52. Detention for Questioning a. Military Personnel. When a person subject to military law is suspected of committing, has committed, or is about to commit an offense under the articles of the UCMJ, he may be questioned as to his identity and in respect to the matter of which he is suspected. Any military person sub- ject to the UCMJ who fails to identify himself or to explain his actions to the satisfaction of the military police may be apprehended and further questioned and investigated. A person wearing a United States Army uniform is considered identi- fied as being subject to the UCMJ until the con- trary is established. The period of detention for questioning will not be prolonged beyond that time necessary to confirm or refute the suspicion. In addition, military police have the authority to make routine checks to determine if members of the Armed Forces have permission to be absent from their organizations or stations. With respect to oversea areas, however, see paragraph 25b. See paragraphs 59 and 70a. b. Civilians on Military InstallationsWithin the Continental United States. Military police may detain and question any civilian on a military in- stallation, if such action is reasonable and is taken in pursuance of their responsibility to preserve the peace and maintain law and order on the post. For example, a civilian, while driving his automo- bile on post, causes a wreck involving a military vehicle. In this case, he may be detained and ques. tioned concerning the accident (AR 600-320 and AR 632-380).

TAGO 65690 65 53. Use of Force Force is necessary when apprehending a resist- ing suspect. To assist you in this situation, you have at your disposal other personnel, the mili- tary police club, restraint measures, and firearms. a. Amount of Force. Only the minimum amount of force necessary is used to make an apprehen- sion. The use of more force than is required may render you civilly liable and subject to military punishment. The amount of force permitted is that necessary to secure and detain the offender, overcome his resistance, prevent his escape, or recapture him if he escapes. You are never justi- fied in using unnecessary force, treating the of- fender with unwarranted violence, or resorting to dangerous methods if the apprehension can be effected otherwise. With respect to oversea areas, however, see paragraph 25b. b. Unarmed Defense. The ability to apply simple unarmed defense measures and come-along holds is frequently helpful to military police in subduing suspects (ch. 6). c. Use of the Military Police Club. The military police club is used only in circumstances in which it is fully justified. Learn through practice to use the club in your left hand. This leaves your right hand free to handle your firearm in case of necessity. Never take the club from the belt for use except in an emergency. (1) Holding the club. To hold the club, place the thong over the left thumb, across the back of the hand, and grasp the grip. If

66 TAGO 6569C the throng proves to be too large, turn the club in your hand after the grip is completed until the thong is tight across the back of your hand. If the club is held in this fashion, your hand does not be- come bound to the club if an attempt is made to pull you off balance by pulling at the club. (2) Normal usage. The club is normally used as an extension of the arm rather than as a bludgeon. When used as an extension, it is easily adapted to parrying blows an opponent may strike. When you strike your opponent with the club, it is with the intention of temporarily disabling him rather than injuring him. Direct the blow downward at the oppon- ent's shoulder muscles on either side of his neck. Avoid blows to the opponent's head because of the possibility of causing serious injury. Direct cross blows at his forearms, his shins, or the backs of his legs. Direct jabs to the opponent's ab- doinen or back; however, use restraint so as not to cause internal injury. In close quarters, hold the club in both hands for pushing, jabbing, or barring forward movement of opposing individuals. (3) Special usage. (a) Criss-cross strangle hold. To apply a strangle hold to the opponent, ap- proach him from the rear and extend your left hand with the club over the opponent's right shoulder. Bring the

TAGO 65690 67 club at about midway of its length against the front of the opponent's throat. Extend your right arm over the opponent's left shoulder and grasp the end of the club. While holding on to the club, bring both of your hands snug against the sides of the oppon- ent's neck (fig. 5). You obtain maxi- mum pressure against the opponent's throat by raising your elbows. A strangle hold from the rear with a club has a variety of uses. An oppon- ent may be held helpless while your assistant conducts a search for weap- ons. A stubborn individual may be removed forcibly and rapidly from the vicinity. (b) Come-along hold. The club may be used effectively in a come-along hold for short distances. To apply it, grasp the offender's right hand or wrist with your right hand, straightening his arm by jerking it downward. Then raise the opponent's arm to his shoulder level, turning his palm up- ward and bending his hand backward, downward, and outward. At the same time, with your left hand holding the club, extend the club over the oppon- ent's right shoulder, placing the club against his neck and the side of his head. Press the large knuckle of the thumb of your hand holding the club upward against the opponent's out-

68 TAGO 6S69C ':

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Figiure 5. Usitng the cl b inl a criss-c'-ots srfan1gle hold. TACO 65s9O 69 stretched arm at a point about two inches above his elbow so as to con- tact the sensitive ulnar nerve (fig. 6). With your right hand, continue bend- ing the opponent's right hand down- ward and outward. (c) In place of hand irons. The club may be used instead of the hand irons to secure an opponent. Pull the oppon- ent's hands behind his back and place them inside the loop of the thong. Twist the handle of the club downward between his hands and under the thong. Place the other end of the club so as to press against his spine. Grasp the club handle in your left hand and pull upward. He will not be able tc free himself as long as upward pres- sure is maintained on the club handle. d. Use of Firearms. (1) You will normally carry your pistol in the holster with a loaded magazine but without a round in the chamber. A shoulder weapon normally should be car- ried without a round in the chamber. (2) In special missions or in situations where the use of firearms is imminent, such as when apprehending a person engaged in armed robbery, searching for an armed suspect, or patrolling in a hostile area, the weapon should be ready for use. Local standing operating procedures cover these matters in detail. (3) Use great caution and prudence in the

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TACOTAGO OSCOC65G9C 71I71 use of firearms and never forget that only extreme necessity justifies the taking of human life. The use of firearms in the performance of your authorized duties is justifiable if the use is necessary to protect your life or the lives of others. The burden of proving the necessity, however, is on you. Become aware of the conditions under which the shooting of an individual may be legally justified under the UCMJ. These conditions are set forth in the Manual for Courts- Martial, United States,. 1951, paragraph 197b and c, when the shooting results in death, and in paragraph 207a, when death does not result. Additionally, since personnel stationed overseas may be sub- ject to the jurisdiction of the local for- eign courts, become familiar with the conditions and circumstances under which the use of firearms is legally jus- tified under the local law in those areas. In many cases, these laws are different from and more restrictive than provi- sions of United States law. (4) The use of firearms is also justifiable when necessary to prevent the commis- sion of an offense attempted by force or surprise, such as an assault with a dan- gerous weapon, burglary, robbery, or aggravated arson, and to prevent the escape of persons in custody for commit- ting setious offenses. (a) Although firing on persons in the act

72 TACO C669C of committing serious offenses is legal- ly justified under certain circum- stances, consider, before shooting, the nature of the offense, your own safety, and the safety of any persons in the area. These considerations will gen- erally indicate what action should be taken. (b) In attempting to halt a fleeing suspect, do not fire warning shots because of the possibility of injuring innocent persons and damaging property. If the suspect fails to stop after the command to halt has been repeated once, con- sider before firing whether the offense is serious enough to warrant such action. 54. Use of Hand Irons a. Hand irons may be used to secure a person because of violence or anticipated violence. When- ever hand irons are used, double lock them. Hand irons are only temporary restraining devices; a person in hand irons is not completely helpless. He can still use his legs, his head, his body, and, to a certain extent, his arms. There are many ways of opening hand irons without keys; do not relax your vigilance because you have placed the individual in hand irons. b. The individual's hands are normally secured behind his back, palms out (1, fig. 7). If he is seated or if you want to impede his movements, put the hand irons on his wrists after he places his hands, palms out, under his knees. Four per-

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74 TAGO 6569C sons can be held in one group with two pairs of hand irons. Place the chain of one pair on the right wrist of one person and fasten one cuff of the other pair around both the chain and wrist. Secure the other three persons by placing a right wrist in each of the other three irons (2, fig. 7). c. In applying hand irons after completing a frisk search, direct the individual to place his hands, palms out, in the small of his back. Place each wrist in a cuff and double lock it. When ap- plying hand irons to a person who has been given a wall search, while he is in the wall search posi- tion, have him place his head against the wall and place his hands in the small of his back. Place each wrist in a cuff and double lock it. d. If hand irons are not available, secure the individual's hands by using a tie or belt. Place the tie around each wrist, make several turns be- tween the hands, and then knot or otherwise se- cure the tie. When his hands are placed in front, the knot should be placed over his hands so that it is inaccessible to him. Then secure the tie to the waist belt of the individual (3, fig. 7). 55. Search of Persons in Custody Persons apprehended are normally searched im- mediately for weapons. In the case of a female, however, the search is not conducted by male personnel. If female personnel appropriate to conduct a search are not present, the search is postponed until this condition can be met (pars. 58 and 108b). It is during the initial handling of a person apprehended that the greatest caution is required to prevent surprise and dangerous acts.

TAGO 6569C 75 However, due caution must be constantly exercised from the time a person is apprehended until proper disposition is made. During a search, the covering military policeman never touches his weapon against the individual being searched. The initial search (frisk search, wall search, or both) is precautionary in nature. A thorough search (strip search) is conducted when the suspect has been transported to a place of detention.

Figure 8. Frisk search.

76 TAGO 6569C a. Frisk Search. This method is a quick search of the suspect for dangerous weapons and evi- dence (fig. 8). It is preferably made in the pres- ence of an assistant and a witness. In making the frisk, the searcher has the suspect stand with his back to him. The searcher's assistant takes a posi- tion from which he can cover the suspect with his pistol. Order the suspect to raise his arms. The searcher then slides his hands over the sus- pect's entire body crushing the clothing to locate any concealed weapons. When a weapon is found, or when other factors indicate the necessity, a wall search will be conducted (b below). Upon completion of the frisk search, hand irons may be applied as described in paragraph 54. b. Wall Search. You may make a wall search when you deem it necessary (fig. 9). Based on the principle of rendering the suspect harmless by placing him in a strained, awkward position, the wall search affords the searcher a greater de- gree of safety. It is particularly useful when two military policemen must search several suspects. Any upright surface, such as a wall or a vehicle, may be utilized. The wall search is conducted as follows: (1) Position of offentlder. Have the suspect face the wall (or other object) and lean against it supporting himself with his upraised hands placed far apart and fingers spread. Have him place his feet well apart, turned out, and as parallel to and as far away from the wall as possible. Keep his head down.

TAGO 6569DC 77 Figure 9. Wall search.

(2) Position of searcher's assistant. The searcher's assistant stands on the op- posite side of the suspect from the searcher and to the rear. He covers the suspect with his pistol, which is loaded and locked. When the searcher moves

78 'I'AC( 5,(9C from his original position to the oppo- site side of the suspect, the assistant also changes positions. The searcher walks around his assistant during the change to avoid coming between his as- sistant and the suspect. (3) Position of searcher. The searcher, with his weapon in his holster and the flap secured, approaches the suspect from the side. He places his right foot in front of the offender's right foot and makes and maintains ankle-to-ankle con- tact. From this position, if the suspect offers resistance, the suspect's right foot can be pushed back from under him. When searching from the left side of the suspect, the searcher places his left foot in front of the suspect's left foot and again maintains ankle-to-ankle con- tact. (4) Searching techniqilc. In taking his in- itial position ((3) above), the searcher should be alert to prevent the suspect from suddenly attempting to disarm or injure him. The searcher first removes the suspect's headgear; searches it, pay- ing particular attention to the area be- neath the sweatband and to seams; and places it on the ground near his assist- ant. The headgear may be used as a container for certain items taken from the suspect. The searcher then checks the suspect's hands, arms, right side of the body, and right leg, in sequence. He

TAGO 666bC 79 crushes the suspect's clothing between his fingers; 'he does not merely pat it. Pay close attention to armpits, back, waist, legs, and tops of boots or shoes. If a weapon, such as a razor, knife, brass knuckles, pistol, or anything that may be used offensively, is found, place it by the headgear. Evidence found on the suspect is placed either in or by the head- gear. Any item found that is not con- sidered a weapon or evidence is re- placed in the suspect's pocket. If the sus- pect resists or attempts to escape and has to be thrown prior to completing the search, the search is started over from the beginning. Upon completion of the wall search, hand irons may be applied if this is considered necessary. c. Search of More Than One Suspect. When two or more suspects have to be searched,. have them assume a position (b (1) above) against the same wall but far enough apart so that they can- not reach one another (fig. 10). The searcher's assistant takes his position a few paces to the rear of the line with his weapon drawn. Begin the search with the suspect on the right of the line. Search each suspect as described in b(4) above. On completing the search of one suspect, have him move to the left of the line and resume the position against the wall. Thus, in approach- ing and searching the next suspect, the searcher is not between his assistant and a suspect. d. Strip Search. A strip search may be con- ducted within the military police station or other

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W~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ol designated place. This is usually considered nec- essary when the individual is suspected of com- mitting an offense involving narcotics, if there is a possibility that he may have a concealed weapon not previously found, or prior to confinement. The search is conducted in an inclosed space, such as a room or tent. Two unarmed military policemen conduct the search while a third, who is armed, stands guard outside. A container is provided for property taken from the suspect. His clothing, including his shoes, is removed and searched care- fully. A search of his person, including his mouth, nose, ears, hair, armpits, crotch, and other areas of possible concealment, is then made. Items taken from the suspect are processed in accordance with local operating procedures. 56. Transportation and Disposition of Persons in Custody a. When transporting persons in custody, insure that the compartment in which they ride is cleared of all articles that might be used as weapons. Tool and glove compartments of the vehicle should be locked. Persons in custody are not fastened to the vehicle by hand irons or other devices but they are placed where they can best be controlled. b. These persons are taken to the military police station where you are relieved of their custody. Further disposition of these persons is made by the desk sergeant or the military police duty officer at the station according to standing oper- ating procedures. An entry showing the disposi- tion of all persons in custody is made in the mili- tary police blotter.

82 TAGO 685 C 57. Temporary Detention Temporary detention is an interim status be- tween the time a person is taken into custody by military police and his release or the filing of charges against him within 24 hours. This deten- tion is used in respect to persons subject to mili- tary law taken into custody under the reasonable belief that the person apprehended has committed an offense. a. Facilities. Facilities for temporary deten- tion are provided at the military police station. Cell facilities should provide physical security standards similar to those for confinement cells. However, accommodations need not be as com- plete as those provided for confinement purposes. Except in an exceptional circumstance, such as that involving a transportation limitation, these detention cells are used only for holding an indi- vidual for a maximum of 24 hours. An area or cell used for temporary detention should be clearly marked and physically separated from a confine- ment area. b. Records and Reports. A formal report is prepared on any detention involving an offense. The circumstances of the incident should be de- scribed in the report even though the circum- stances may not be derogatory to the individual detained. Entries are made on the military police blotter pertaining to all temporary detentions. A military police desk reference card is prepared on all detentions involving an offense, including a suspicion or allegation of an offense.

TAGO 6569C 83 58. Apprehension, Search, Escort, and Detention of Females a. Apprehension. In apprehending a female person, avoid any physical force not absolutely necessary. Always be on guard against causing a scene embarrassing to her or to yourself. b. Search. You will not search her person. Wait until a service woman, physician, civil police matron, or woman of appropriate status is avail- able to make the search. The suspect's handbag, luggage, packages, and coat, if removed, may be searched. c. Escort and Detention. A female person in custody will be escorted to the military police station. To avoid the possibility of false charges of molestation, obtain the names and addresses of witnesses before leaving the apprehension scene and contact the military police station and have the time of your departure for the station re- corded. It is a good practice for more than one military policeman to be present with a female person at all times when a matron or service woman is not present. At the police station, im- mediate arrangements are made to deliver her to the nearest authorities of her branch of service or to a suitable facility for detention of females. Females are not detained in male confinement fa- cilities (AR 633-45). See paragraphs 55 and 108b. 59. Rights of Persons Questioned in Custody Before questioning persons in custody who are suspected of committing an offense, certain legal requirements must be observed.

84 TAGO 65690 a. These requirements are as follows: (1) Military personnel will be informed of their rights under article 31 of the UCMJ. (2) Civilians subject to the UCMJ will be informed of their rights under article 31 of the UCMJ and the fifth amendment to the Constitution. (3) Civilians not subject to the UCMJ but protected by the Constitution will be in- formed of their rights under the fifth amendment to the Constitution. (4) Civilians not subject to the UCMJ nor protected by the United States Constitu- tion will be informed of the contents of article 31 of the UCMJ. b. With respect to oversea areas, see paragraph 25b. 60. Moral Restraint When a person subject to military law has been ordered in arrest in quarters or is restricted to a specified area, he is in moral restraint. He is not restrained by force but is bound by his legal and moral obligation to obey the orders that placed him in arrest in quarters or restricted him to a specified area. Failure to observe the limitations imposed is a breach of moral restraint and a breach of article 9a of the UCMJ. 61. Confinement Confinement is the physical restraint of a per- son. a. Any officer may order an enlisted person into

TAGO 6569C 85 arrest or confinement. He may do it personally or through another person subject to the UCMJ. b. Only a commanding officer may order officers, warrant officers, or civilians who are subject to his authority into arrest or confinement. The arrest or confinement must be effected by an oral or written order delivered in person or by another officer. The authority to order such persons into arrest or confinement may not be delegated. c. Any person other than an officer who, under authority of an officer pursuant to the UCMJ, article 9b, places an enlisted person in arrest or confinement will, without delay, report such action to his own immediate commanding officer, who in turn will, without delay, notify the immediate commanding officer of the person arrested or con- fined of such action (AR 600-320). d. No member of the Armed Forces will be placed in confinement in immediate association with enemy prisoners or other foreign nationals not members of the Armed Forces of the United States (UCMJ, art. ]2).

Section VI. MILITARY POLICE NOTEBOOK AND REPORTS 62. Sources of Information Before making a report, obtain all the avail- able information required for the report. The information may be obtained from- a. The scene of the incident, including vehicles, weapons, and other objects. b. Victims and suspects. c. Witnesses.

86 'rAGO) 569^G d. Other law enforcement agencies, if appropri- ate. Civil police may have been present and noted witnesses before you arrived. They may be able to assist you in identifying suspects. e. Medical personnel, if their services were re- quired. f. Persons reporting an incident. g. Documents, such as passes, leave orders, and identification cards, found on victims and suspects. h. Associates of suspects and victims at the scene. i. Persons in the vicinity of the incident who are not witnesses to the act itself but who may have related information. 63. Use of Notebook a. Basic information needed by you in the per- formance of your immediate duties and informa- tion with which you can make an accurate report of incidents is recorded in your notebook. This information is recorded by you when it comes to your attention or as soon afterward as possible. Principally, three types of information should be recorded in your notebook: (1) Your name, grade, service number, and unit address, to permit identification of the notebook in case it is lost and to identify it as your day by day account of your duty activities. (2) Current information of interest or guid- ance to you in the performance of your duties, such as extracts of pertinent orders and regulations; telephone num- bers frequently used in connection with

TAGO 65619C 87 your duties; locations of important places, organizations, and facilities, such as telephone stations, hospitals, fire sta- tions; lists of absentees or wanted per- sons with descriptions; lists of lost or stolen articles or vehicles; and important points to be covered for each type of in- cident that you are likely to encounter. (3) Notes on your activities or observations in the line of duty. (a) Upon starting your tour of duty, enter in your notebook the date, duty hours, assignment, and names of partners or supervisors. Record incidents or obser- vations of a suspicious nature or which arouse your curiosity even though they are not serious enough to require ac- tion at the time. (b) Enter in your notebook the full names, addresses, and telephone num- bers of all persons involved in an im- portant incident. Enter an outline of the facts of the incident and as far as possible the who, what, where, when, why, and how of the incident. b. Use the facts recorded in your notebook to prepare your report. By the use of your note- book, pass such information on to the desk ser- geant at the end of your tour of duty in the man- ner prescribed by local procedures. It may be that information reported by several military police- men on a series of minor incidents or observa- tions may suggest the existence of a problem that requires provost marshal action. Your on-the-spot

88 TAGO C659C notebook record also may be used to refresh your memory on details of an incident when you testify in court (par. 74). 64. Purpose of Reports a. Military police submit reports to- (1) Maintain a record of events and of in- formation obtained that may be used as a basis for further action. (2) Inform the provost marshal systematical- ly of current incidents. (3) Provide the necessary information for statistical reports. (4) Assist the provost marshal in his plans for crime prevention and selective en- forcement. b. To serve the purposes set forth in a above, submit reports that are accurate and complete. Reports correctly written and promptly submitted through proper channels are a basic requirement of military police procedure. 65. Preparation of Reports a. The provost marshal normally prescribes the types of reports and the method of reporting for military police under his supervision. However, a word picture of an incident in narrative form is usually required. The events should be presented in chronological order and written in simple, clear, and concise language. b. In preparing the report, study your notes; carefully compile, analyze, and evaluate all items of information; and keep in mind that the report must present the basic story of what occurred,

TAGO 6669C 89 who was involved, and circumstances surrounding the incident. Check your information and then check your report when it is drafted to make sure that you have included the answers to the six basic questions of who, what, where, when, why, and how. Your report may be brief but as far as pos- sible it must be complete. Clearly indicate what is incomplete as an aid in a followup investigation.

Section VII. ASSISTING MILITARY POLICE CRIMINAL INVESTIGATORS 66. General Military police criminal investigators are re- sponsible to the provost marshal for investigating certain incidents as prescribed by regulations and local policy. These incidents are identified in the provost marshal policy file and may be discussed in training and briefing periods. 67. Assistance Rendered a. Protecting the Crime Scene. Because you are frequently the first military policeman to arrive at the scene of a serious incident, your actions at the scene are important to the successful comple- tion of the investigation. You protect the scene to prevent the removal, destruction, rearrangement, or concealment of anything and to prevent the de- parture of witnesses, victims, and suspects until the responsibility for the scene is assumed by the military police criminal investigators conducting the investigation. This affords the investigators an opportunity to collect, mark, and evaluate evi- dence and to interview witnesses and persons in-

90 TAGO 6569C volved. With respect to protecting the crime scene in oversea areas, see paragraph 25b. Protecting the crime scene includes- (1) Clearing the immediate scene of persons not related to the incident. (2) Guarding the scene to prevent the entry of unauthorized persons. (3) Protecting evidence, such as finger- prints, footprints, tire tracks, objects in- volved in the incident, and glass frag- ments, from the weather and persons. b. Rendering First Aid. Render first aid to injured persons (par. 34b). Disturb the scene only to the extent necessary to render aid. c. Apprehending the Offender. If the person who is obviously the offender is at the scene and is subject to military jurisdiction, place him in custody. d. Recording Information. Determine and re- cord in your notebook the names and addresses of witnesses and victims and request them to remain at or near the scene. In addition, note and record facts pertinent to the incident, particular- ly transitory facts, such as strange odors, color of smoke, position of objects, and comments about the incident made in the excitement of the mo- ment by persons at the scene. e. Reporting Information. (1) When the investigators arrive at the scene, brief them on what you have done and on the information that you have obtained relative to the incident. Do not give the investigators your notebook;

TAGO 6569C 91 you will use it to complete your report of the incident. (2) Do not release information to anyone except your superiors and personnel in- vestigating the incident or performing medical or firefighting duties at the scene. Refer news reporters or other civilians to the commander or public in- formation officer concerned.

Section VIII. INVESTIGATING INCIDENTS 68. General Certain incidents set forth in local policy are investigated completely by military police on patrol duty, frequently with the assistance of the patrol supervisor. The specific incidents in this category will be presented to you in training ses- sions. The techniques you use in conducting these investigations are generally those used by mili- tary police criminal investigators. The factors described below are basic to your investigation. 69. Evidence a. Evidence is anything that directly or in- directly tends to establish the truth of a matter of fact material to the incident under investiga- tion. It may consist of physical objects, such as clothing, weapons, glass fragments, and photo- graphs, or it may be verbal or written statements. b, Evidence is collected and preserved in its original state for presentation in court or until it is no longer needed. To be acceptable in court, evidence must be material, relevant, and un-

92 TAGO 6569C changed in nature; its identity, possession, and location must be strictly accounted for from the time it is collected until it is presented in court. This accounting is known as maintaining the chain of custody and is recorded on DA Form 19- 31. Every person who had possession of a piece of evidence at any time prior to its presentation in court may have to identify it in court. Insure that the evidence you collect does not become contam- inated, mutilated, or otherwise altered while in your custody. In collecting and handling evidence, insure that it is- (1) Not moved until a sketch and/or photo- graph is made showing its location in relation to other objects at the scene. (2) Handled carefully to prevent damage to its evidentiary qualities, such as finger- prints or bloodstains, or identifying marks on the evidence. (3) Marked for identification so that it can be identified at a later date. (4) Tagged or labeled and sealed in separate containers to aid future identification. (5) Itemized and any transfer from you is recorded in your notebook and on the prescribed forms so that the record of the chain of custody is maintained and so that you obtain a receipt upon release of the evidence. c. Using procedures established for maintain- ing the chain of custody, deliver evidence you have collected to the military police station for storage as prescribed by local operating procedures. d. In the event a scientific evaluation of the

TAGO 6569C 93 evidence is needed, it may be shipped to a military police criminal investigation laboratory (FM 19- 20).

70. Questioning Persons a. Treatment of Persons Questioned. The treat- ment afforded a witness, victim, or suspect before and during questioning has a marked effect upon the amount of information gained. Tact, diplo- macy, courtesy, patience, and thoroughness are essential to obtain the cooperation of the person being questioned. Seek only to obtain the facts of the incident. (1) It is recommended that witnesses be advised of their rights under article 31 of the UCMJ. (2) A suspect must be advised of his rights under article 31 of the UCMJ before he is questioned. He must be informed as to the nature of the accusation, that an investigation is being conducted, that he is suspected of being implicated, that he does not have to make any statement regarding the offense of which he is accused or suspected, and that any state- ment made by him may be used as evidence against him in a trial by court- martial. If he requests counsel before or during questioning, he must be afforded reasonable time in which to obtain coun- sel. b. Interviews. When conducting an interview, allow the person being questioned to tell his ver- sion of the incident with as few interruptions as

94 TAGO 6569C possible. He should be interrupted only to bring him back to the issue at hand or to clarify a point. A successful interview requires that you obtain all the information relative to the incident that the questioned person has learned through his own senses of sight, hearing, taste, smell, and touch. c. Interrogations. Persons who are unwilling to answer questions or to volunteer information about an incident may be interrogated. When con- ducting an interrogation, you must ask questions of the person to determine his knowledge of the incident under investigation. The questions should be worded to insure that the answers develop toward, or adhere to, pertinent circumstances or facts of the incident being investigated. 71. Taking Written Statements a. It is generally advisable to take written state- ments from all persons from whom information is received in an investigation. Exceptions to this practice include instances in which the person questioned has no information concerning the inci- dent or refuses to answer questions or make a written statement. b. Sworn statements also may be taken. How- ever, all statements should be recorded on DA Form 19-24 (Statement). This form should be properly executed, identified, and safeguarded. 72. Making an Apprehension If the nature of the incident warrants the ap- prehension of the suspect, place him in custody as prescribed in paragraph 46.

TAGO 65690 95 73. Preparing the Report Upon completing the investigation, prepare the appropriate report. This report must be executed carefully and completely if it is to be of value to your superiors. Submit the report to the desk sergeant for disposition. Written statements ob- tained during the investigation must be attached to your report.

Section IX. WITNESS IN COURT

74. Preparation When summoned to appear as a witness in court, you must insure that you are prepared to perform your duty. a. Appearance. Your personal appearance must be above reproach and in keeping with the high standards expected of a military policeman. b. Review of Information. To refresh your memory, review your notes and the provost mar- shal files pertaining to the incident being pre- sented to the court.

75. Deportment Observe the customs and rules of a military court and the military service when performing duty as a witness before a court-martial. When called to the witness stand, approach the court in a military manner, salute the president of the court, and execute a right face. Upon instructions of the trial counsel, raise your right hand, take the oath, and be seated in the witness chair. Upon being excused, approach the court, salute the

96 TAGO 6569C president, execute an about iace, auln leave the courtroom. 76. Manner of Testifying Answer each question in a quiet and dignified manner, speaking clearly and concisely. Address your answers directly to the court. Do not lose your temper. Tell only the truth as you know it, with complete impartiality. Think about each question as it is asked so that you answer only that question. Do not offer an opinion unless asked to do so. 77. Use of Notebook. You may use your notebook while serving as a witness to refresh your memory, if necessary. Obtain the permission of the court before you produce your notebook. Permission may be ob- tained by telling the counsel asking the question that you desire to consult your notebook to refresh your memory. The counsel will secure the court's permission. After refreshing your memory, testi- fy in your own words; do not read aloud from your notebook.

Section X. MILITARY POLICE TRAFFIC CONTROL 78. Definition Military police traffic control, consisting of en- forcing military highway traffic regulations and orders; investigating traffic accidents involving military vehicles or personnel; and directing mili- tary vehicular, animal, and foot movements, is

TAGO 6669C 97 a system of control designed to meet military requirements for safe and efficient traffic move- ment. 79. Need for Traffic Control Forces in combat must move and be supplied speedily and with precision. The Army uses high- way transportation for a great portion of its tacti- cal and supply operations. Efficient highway traf- fic flow depends upon effective regulation and con- trol. 80. The Military Policeman's Duties Because a commander exercises traffic control through his military police, it is necessary that you understand the principles of traffic planning and control and be proficient in directing traffic. The traffic control plan you apply ard enforce is prepared under the supervision of your provost marshal. Accurate and timely information that you supply him as to road and traffic conditions aids in preparing and administering the plan. You implement this plan by manning traffic con- trol posts, checkpoints, and roadblocks, and per- forming traffic patrol duty. For a detailed presen- tation of traffic control, see FM 19-25.

Section XI. STRAGGLER AND CIRCULATION CONTROL 81. Stragglers Stragglers are military personnel who, in action, become separated from their units without proper authority.

98 TAGO 6569C 82. Categories of Stragglers Stragglers normally fall into the following cate- gories: a. Personnel who have genuinely lost their way and are definitely attempting to rejoin their units. b. Personnel who cannot be held responsible for their actions by reason of their dazed or shocked condition. c. Personnel running away through fear or other cause. d. Wounded personnel. 83. Straggler Operations a. Military police effect straggler control through the operation of straggler posts, usually connected by area patrols along a line, known as a straggler line, designated by the commander. The location of the straggler line is determined by the type of action prevailing. Normally, it is located along easily located terrain features and lines of drift to the rear. b. Straggler posts are normally located astride main routes, principal defiles, and other natural lines of drift to the rear. In a beachhead situa- tion, it may be necessary to locate posts on drift lines forward of the beach to contain those whose duty is on the beach. In addition, posts may be located adjacent to medical installations in the chain of evacuation. c. Your duties at a straggler post may be in conjunction with other functions, such as traffic control and checkpoint activities. Straggler patrol duties may include general enforcement ac-

TAGO 6569C 99 tivities and traffic control, particularly in rear areas. d. Where stragglers of more than one national- ity are anticipated, you may serve at a post or on patrol in combination with personnel of each of the nations involved in order that stragglers of each nationality may be properly handled. 84. Equipment of Posts Straggler posts in forward or critical areas should be equipped with-- a. Maps indicating the location of pertinent units, installations, and facilities. b. First aid supplies. c. Rations and facilities for making hot bever- ages. 85. Techniques of Straggler Detection a. General. Genuinely lost or wounded personnel who have become separated from their units nor- mally do not conceal their situation but present themselves to military police or other military personnel and request assistance. Personnel who are in a dazed or shocked condition may seek assistance, attempt to evade detection, or be in- different to their situation. Those personnel who seek to evade detection and' recovery may demon- strate desperate and irresponsible conduct; if they have weapons they may be extremely danger- ous to others. When disarmed, they still may be dangerous. b. Detection of Evaders. Stragglers evading recovery may be detected by careful observation in respect to certain types of conduct, appearance,

100 rACO 6569C and situations. Be observant and make circula- tion checks in respect to the following: (1) Personnel of units not operational in the area. (2) Personnel away from the immediate front area who are members of units engaged in, or recently engaged in active combat. (3) Personnel of units that have recently made a move, especially a forward move- ment. (4) Personnel evasive in manner in the pres- ence of military police. (5) Personnel loitering about kitchens in bivouac areas, supply installations, or vehicle park areas. (6) Personnel in types of uniforms or pos- sessing items of equipment not normal to the area. (7) Vehicles with bumper markings of units not operational in the immediate area where observed or observed on roads not servicing the indicated unit. (8) Vehicles returning from forward areas. (9) Military personnel patronizing obscure or out-of-the-way eating, drinking, or recreational establishments. (10) Military personnel not observing curfews and off-limits restrictions. (11) Military personnel observed in the com- pany of civilians and disassociated from other military personnel.

TAGO 666DC 101 86. Collecting Stragglers Stragglers recovered are usually sent or taken by military police to straggler collecting points where the following information is recorded: a. Name, grade, service number, and national- ity. b. Unit. c. Whether armed or not.. d. Where and when found. e. Place to which he was going. f. Place from which he was coming. g. Why he left his unit and when he was last with it. h. Disposition. i. Any other pertinent information. 87. Disposition of Stragglers The object is to return stragglers to their units as soon as possible. Screen all stragglers, and pass those who appear to be of security interest to security personnel for further interrogation. Stragglers normally are disposed of as follows: a. Stragglers genuinely lost should be directed to their units at once. Issue provisional passes to them if it appears necessary or desirable. b. Stragglers who are victims of battle fatigue should be disarmed, treated for shock, and evacu- ated through medical channels. c. Stragglers who are running away should be returned to their units under escort or confined, if the situation so warrants. Appropriate pre- cautionary measures should be taken in respect to weapons found in their possession. d. Wounded stragglers should be directed or

102 TAGO 666D conveyed to the nearest medical installation in the chain of evacuation after administering first aid. 88. Control of Circulation of Individuals a. The purpose of circulation control is to pro- vide for the presence or exclusion of persons rela- tive to military operational requirements. Military police control the circulation of individuals by checking identification and authorization docu- ments. Pass systems may be supplemented by command applications of off-limits and curfew measures. b. Armed Forces identification cards are issued to individuals by the service of which the individ- ual is a member. An identification card is for identification only and is not a pass. c. Circulation control is usually performed in conjunction with law enforcement, traffic control, straggler control, and similar operational activi- ties. d. For vehicle circulation control, see FM 19-25. For circulation control activities within military installations and facilities, see FM 19-30.

Section XII. HANDLING ENEMY PERSONNEL, DISPLACED PERSONS, AND REFUGEES 89. General One of the major functions of military police is the handling of prisoners of war and other enemy personnel, such as retained personnel and civilian internees. This function includes guard- ing, escorting, processing, and interning these

TAGO 6569C 103 personnel. Detailed information on this function in respect to prisoners of war and retained per- sonnel is contained in FM 19-40. 90. Prisoners of War A prisoner of war is any person, with certain exceptions provided by international law or agree- ments, captured or interned by the United States because of war. 91. Retained Personnel Retained personnel are certain enemy protected personnel, such as medical personnel, chaplains, and, under certain circumstances, members of staffs of National Red Cross societies and other recognized volunteer aid societies, retained in prisoner-of-war camps to assist prisoners of war. Such retained personnel are to be accorded at least that protection afforded prisoners of war. 92. Civilian internees A civilian internee is a civilian who is interned during armed conflict or occupation for security reasons, for protection, or because he has com- mitted an offense against the detaining power. 93. Displaced Persons and Refugees a. Definitions. (1) Displaced person. A civilian who is in- voluntarily outside the national bound- aries of his country in time of war and who may or may not be desirous of re- patriation, and who may require assist- ance in obtaining food, shelter, and clothing.

104 TAGO 6569C (2) Refugee. A civilian within the national boundaries of his country who by reason of war is either temporarily homeless or voluntarily removed or distant from his home. b. Treatment. Civil affairs/military govern- ment officials are responsible for handling dis- placed persons and refugees. Military police con- trol the highway movement of displaced persons and refugees in coordination with civil affairs/ military government personnel.

Section XIII. PHYSICAL SECURITY AND PROTECTION OF PERSONS 94. Definition Physical security is the physical safeguarding of personnel and property. 95. Means of Performance Military policemen perform duties related to physical security duties largely by means of fixed posts or patrols. Providing physical security may be a primary duty, an additional duty, or an in- cidental duty with enforcement or traffic control operations. For a comprehensive presentation of physical security operations, see FM 19-0. 96. Security Patrols in Hostile Areas In hostile areas, military police patrols may be employed against guerillas and enemy troops who have infiltrated friendly positions. The principles, methods, and techniques used against these groups are discussed in FM 21-75.

TAGO 6569C 105 97. Protection of Persons a. Military police frequently are detailed to act as bodyguards or escorts for important per- sons and their dependents when the Army has the responsibility of protecting these persons. b. The bodyguard or escort may consist of one or several military policemen. Methods of protec- tion include guarding the individuals from plainly visible positions, from concealed positions, or from positions within the crowd. Closely observe the subjects being protected and all persons who could endanger them. c. When performing this type of duty, you should- (1) Know the identity, personal appearance, outer clothing, and any peculiar char- acteristics of the person to be protected. (2) Be thoroughly familiar with the schedule of the person to be protected. (3) Station yourself so that you can ob- serve everyone and everything in the vicinity of the individual. (4) Determine the attitude of the person being protected toward restrictions on his movements. (5) Keep the crowd back and check every person who desires to approach the in- dividual you are protecting for identifi- cation and authority for being present. (6) Investigate unusual or suspicious ac- tions promptly and tactfully. (7) Place yourself between the person to

106 TAGO 6569O be protected and any individual acting suspiciously. (8) If appropriate to the responsibility as- signed to you, precede the person being protected into buildings, crowded areas, or dangerous places. (9) Be armed and proficient in the use of your weapon. (10) Be proficient in the use of unarmed force. 98. Protection of Government Property a. The protection of Government property is a duty of military police. Military police patrol duties or specific duties prescribed by the com- mander for the protection of property through mil- itary police operations are coordinated with the duties of military interior guards and civilian security guards if such are present. Normally, military police are not used as interior guards or on routine security assignments. However, mili- tary police may be used as security guards in situations requiring special training or equip- ment; experienced judgment, tact, and diplomacy; and the ability to make decisions and take im- mediate action in the event of emergency. Mili- tary police may be used as supervisors for secur- ity personnel. b. FM 19-10 and FM 19-30 contain methods of protection against pilferage. FM 19-30 also contains information on the physical security of property in transit.

TAGO 6569C 107 99. Protecting Private Property a. Property in Custody of Military Police. Pri- vate property found by military police, turned over to them by other personnel, or taken by them from persons in their custody is handled in ac- cordance with the policies established by the local commander. Exercise care in handling property to prevent damage or destruction and give re- ceipts for property accepted for custody. b. Other Private Property. (1) The unwarranted destruction or damage to private property by Armed Forces personnel is an offense. Therefore, you are directly concerned with the protec- tion of private property from acts of vandalism by Armed Forces personnel. (2) Military police may make periodic checks of the security of living quarters or pri- vate automobiles of military personnel residing on an installation who are ab- sent from the area. Usually, these per- sons notify the provost marshal of their intended absence and request the protec- tive observance. The reason for these checks is to afford the police protection that every member of the Armed Forces has a right to expect in respect to his personal property located on an installa- tion.

Section XIV. DISTURBANCES AND DISASTERS 100. Definitions a. Disturbance. A demonstration on the part

108OTAGO 6569C of persons exhibiting sympathy with or against some political, racial, religious, economic, or social condition or movement. b. Disaster. The ravaging of an area by storm, fire, flood, or other catastrophe. c. Riot. A breach of the peace committed in violence by three or more persons in furtherance of a common purpose to execute some enterprise by concerted action against anyone who may op- pose them. (A breach of the peace is an unlawful disturbance of the peace by an outward demon- stration of a violent or turbulent nature.) d. Crowd. A number of persons temporarily congregated. The individual members of a crowd are generally without organization and generally think and act as individuals. They hestitate to commit themselves to a course of unrestrained violence, though some of them might readily do so if they thought they would escape apprehension. The members of such a crowd may be noisy and threatening. They may be influenced to commit mob action by the words of a leader, the appear- ance of a hated individual, or the accomplishment of a single act of violence. If left to their own devices, they are likely to commit assaults and depredations. Dispersing a crowd usually pre- vents the formation of a mob. e. Mob. A crowd in action. The members of a crowd are transformed into a mob when all or most members of the crowd have been instilled with a purpose and with the intent to carry out the purpose regardless of the unlawfulness of the action.

TACO 6569C 109 101. Control of Disturbances- a. Military police on duty are authorized and directed to quell disturbances and riots among military personnel and other persons coming un- der military authority or to remove military per- sonnel from the scene of disturbances or riots among civilians. Military police will not attempt to quell a disturbance among civilians unless so directed by their commanding officer. Military police, however, will protect Government property at all times. b. Under conditions where disturbances outside of military jurisdiction reach such proportions that State and local authorities cannot maintain law and order, Federal military forces may in- tervene if authorized by the Department of the Army and if assistance is requested by civil au- thorities (FM 19-15). Military police units may be used in such cases according to local plans. c. Federal military forces used to control dis- turbances are governed strictly by the orders and instructions of their commanders. The basic prin- ciples of controlling disturbances include rapid dispersion, prevention of assemblage, and appre- hension of leaders. d. In dispersing rioters, the following measures are used in any order or sequence and at any time depending on the situation' and the decision of the commander: (1) Show of force (troops, weapons, and vehicles in full view of people nearest the point of contact between troops and mob; issuance of proclamations and in- structions).

110 TACO G5690 (2) Employment of riot control formations. (3) Employment of water (direct or indirect stream from fire hose). (4) Employment of chemicals (smoke, tear gas, or vomiting gas). (5) Fire by selected marksmen. (6) Full firepower (rapid fire with each military policeman firing aimed shots rapidly; used only on command of troop leader or as otherwise directed). e. For a complete discussion of disturbance control techniques, see FM 19-15. 102. Disaster Relief Assistance in civil disaster relief is primarily the responsibility of State and local governments, the American National Red Cross, and private efforts and agencies. When conditions resulting from a disaster are so extensive that these agen- cies cannot cope with them, military forces may be used to aid civil authorities (AR 500-60). The term military aid to civil authorities is commonly used to imply the use of troops in the United States to aid civil authorities. 103. Damage Control Damage control is similar to disaster relief but refers to areas under military control. It is the planned effort for control of traffic and circulation of persons to permit restoration of military oper- ations in the area. In damage control, military police normally are responsible for traffic and cir- culation control and are used to prevent pilferage and looting; to quell panic, riots, and disturbances;

TAGO 6569C 111 and to effect and control evacuation plans and actions.

104. Emergency Actions Prompt and proper action taken during an emergency may save lives and property and pre- vent further injury to persons and damage or loss of property. Fire, explosion, falling debris, un- controlled traffic, and lack of attention to the injured are the chief causes of further injuries and damages. The first things that should be con- sidered at the scene are fire prevention or control, care for the injured, control of panic, and restor- ing the flow of traffic. a. Fire. Aid persons endangered and assist firefighting personnel by controlling traffic and by preventing unauthorized persons from inter- fering with firefighting or from endangering themselves or others. b. Explosion and Falling Debris. If there is danger from explosion or falling debris, such as roofs or walls of buildings, make sure, as far as practicable, that all persons are removed from the danger area. c. Removing Persons From Building. Persons may be injured and/or trapped inside buildings as a result of fire, explosion, or natural phenom- ena, such as earthquake, windstbrm, or tidal wave. These persons may not be able to leave the build- ing without help. You may be the first to reach the scene and may save the lives of these persons by promptly removing them. d. Other Dangerous Sitvations. In other dan- gerous situations, e. g., when a high voltage power-

11Z TAGO 65690 line or a gas main breaks, take measures to re- move injured persons from the danger area and prevent any unauthorized persons from entering the area. e. Other Victims. The scene of any fire, ex- plosion, or natural phenomenon should be sur- veyed for victims other than those in the im- mediate area. Persons outside of the immediate area may have been injured by flying debris. Con- cussion may have caused destruction and injuries away from the immediate scene. f. Clearing the Scene. When the injured have been cared for and the investigation has been completed to the point where the scene can be cleared, clear the scene, establish any necessary safeguards to unauthorized entry, and restore the normal flow of traffic.

TAGO 656C 113 CHAPTER 5 HANDLING MILITARY PRISONERS

105. Definitions a. Military Prisoner. A military prisoner is a person, male or female, subject to the UCMJ who has been ordered into confinement and who has not been set at liberty by proper authority. b. Status. The legal status of a military pris- oner is as follows: (1) Detained prisoner. An enlisted military person or civilian held at an installation confinement facility awaiting- (a) Filing of charges. (b) Disposition of charges. (c) Trial by court-martial. (d) Action by the convening authority of the court-martial that tried the pris- oner. (2) Officer prisoner. A commissioned or warrant officer of the military services on active duty as a commissioned or war- rant officer who is confined in a military confinement facility. (3) Adjudged prisoner. An enlisted military person or civilian in confinement pursu- ant to sentence by a court-martial which, as approved by the convening authority, includes confinement that has not been ordered executed and is awaiting com- pletion of appellate review.

114 TAGO 6569C (4) Sentenced prisoner. A prisoner whose sentence to confinement has been ordered into execution. c. Custody Grade. Depending upon the degree of custodial control and supervision necessary in each case, each prisoner is classified into one of the three categories of custody grade. The three categories of custody grade are- (1) Minimum custody. These prisoners are considered to be sufficiently dependable as to require little custodial supervision. Prisoners so classified should be em- ployed or trained outside of the stockade in sizable groups under supervision of unarmed guards or supervisors. (2) Medium custody. These prisoners are considered to require continuous custo- dial supervision but their escape and con- duct under supervision are not considered to present a threat to life, limb, or prop- erty. Prisoners in this custody grade may be employed outside of the stockade under armed guards or unarmed super- visors. When armed guards are neces- sary, prisoners should be employed in groups in a ratio of not less than six prisoners to one guard. (3) Mazimuin custody. These prisoners are considered to require special custodial controls because of conduct or known characteristics of a dangerous, violent, troublemaking nature, or other circum- stances. Prisoners so classified should be

TAGO C5G90 115 employed inside the stockade. When it is necessary to remove them from the stockade for various purposes, such as medical treatment and court-martial ap- pearance, they will be in the custody of armed guards. 106. Guarding Military Prisoners a. You may be assigned duties of guarding military prisoners in court, within confinement facilities, on work details, or while moving them either within a military installation or between confinement facilities. Your primary responsibility as a prisoner guard is to maintain custody and control of the prisoners who have been assigned to your charge. You perform your duties as a guard in accordance with military orders and reg- ulations governing conduct, employment, custody, control, and correctional treatment of military prisoners. The military police brassard is not authorized for wear by personnel while perform- ing the duties of a prisoner guard. b. You will not lay hands on a prisoner except in self-defense, to prevent an escape, to prevent injury to persons or property, or to quell a dis- turbance. In controlling or moving an unruly prisoner, obtain sufficient custodial personnel to preclude the necessity for striking or inflicting bodily injury upon the prisoner. c. When performing duty as a guard in court, station yourself in a position so that you can observe the prisoner at all times and close enough to the prisoner to prevent him from injuring him- self or others. This arrangement should be co-

16 TAGO 6eC9C ordinated with the trial counsel. You remain covered if you are wearing side arms. d. All minimum custody prisoners and certain medium custody prisoners are worked or trained under unarmed guards or supervisors. When per- forming duty as an unarmed guard or supervisor, you will be given specific instructions by the as- sistant guard supervisor or the officer or non- commissioned officer in charge of training rela- tive to the work or training the prisoners are to perform and the nature and extent of your duties. Your attitude and demeanor toward the prisoners should be that of a mature, well-qualified leader rather than as an armed guard or "chaser." En- force, without exception or partiality, the rules and regulations prescribed for the conduct and proper control of the prisoners. a. In the event of an attempted escape or dis- order of any nature, take immediate and decisive action as outlined below. The use of firearms to prevent an escape is justified only when there is no other reasonable means to prevent the escape. (1) Attempted escape from a confinement facility. In the event a prisoner attempts to escape from within the confines of the facility, take action in accordance with the following priorities: (a) Alert other guard personnel of the attempted escape by blowing three short blasts on your whistle or by sounding another suitable alarm sig- nal. (b) In a loud voice, twice call upon the prisoner to halt.

TAGO 6569C 117 (c) Fire upon the prisoner only when the prisoner has freed himself of all bar- riers of the confinement facility and is continuing his attempt to escape. 1. The location of barriers will be deter- mined by the physical arrangement of each confinement facility. Nor- mally, this will include barriers, such as fences or walls, inclosing athletic, drill, and recreational areas, as well as those inclosing the main prisoner compound. 2. Do not fire upon an escapee if your fire will endanger the lives of inno- cent bystanders. (2) Attempted escape outside a confinement facility. If a prisoner makes an unau- thorized move toward you, put a round in the chamber of your weapon, com- mand the other prisoners to lie down, order the prisoner to stop where he is, and warn the prisoner that if he con- tinues to advance you will fire. If a prisoner attempts to flee from a work detail, command HALT in a loud voice. If the prisoner does not stop after the warning is repeated once, and no other means of stopping the prisoner is avail- able, you will open fire. When it is neces- sary to fire, always fire to disable and not to kill. When a prisoner is wounded, march the other prisoners to the scene. Give your first aid packet to a prisoner and have him administer first aid. If no

118 'tAGO 6669C communications are available and a stretcher is not available, have the pris- oners improvise a stretcher and trans- port the wounded man to the nearest place where communications facilities are available for calling an ambulance. (3) Attempted escape from unarmed guard or supervisor. If a prisoner does not obey your orders or if he attempts to escape, you will orally attempt to dis- suade him by calmly explaining to him the consequences of his act if he does not desist. If the prisoner persists in his efforts to escape or continues his mis- behavior, you will not physically attempt to stop him, but will promptly report the facts of the incident to your supervisor in accordance with the instructions pre- viously issued to you. f. When serving as a prisoner guard, comply with procedures detailed in the emergency plans of your confinement facility in coping with dis- orders within the facility. 107. Movement of Military Prisoners a. By Foot. Military prisoners may be moved on foot when no other means of movement is avail- able or the distance for the movement is short enough to justify this method. In moving prison- ers by this method, sufficient guards properly armed will be assigned for the movement. The number of guards will depend on the number and type of prisoners being transferred. March the prisoners in a military formation with the guards

TACO CGY9C 119 flanking and following the formation. Maintain the proper distance between you and the prison- ers. When approaching a roadway, stop the prisoners and check for approaching traffic. Move the prisoners at double time across the roadway when it is clear. b. By Motor Vehicle. If prisoners are moved by motor vehicle, remove or properly secure all loose pieces of materials, such as equipment, tools, and pieces of wood, that can be used as weapons prior to loading the prisoners. (1) Sedan. If only one prisoner is to be moved, a sedan is normally used. When circumstances require, two prisoners who are minimum or medium security risks may be moved in a single sedan. When two sedans are used, the two ve- hicles are kept close together to prevent them from being separated. The lead car sets the speed. Intervehicular com- munications should be prearranged. A system of horn signals may be used. If the sedans are radio equipped, the radios may be used. Necessary clearance is co- ordinated with the post signal officer. Determine the route of travel before- hand. If practicable, a reconnaissance of the route should be made. Remove the inside handles of the rear doors if this is considered necessary or practicable. Two guards and a driver are assigned to es- cort the prisoners. One of the guards is armed; the other guard is unarmed. The driver is briefed on his duties, his con-

120 TACO 6669C duct toward the prisoner, and anything about the prisoner that he should know. The driver will not communicate with any prisoner, unless otherwise in- structed. Load the prisoner in the fol- lowing manner: (a) Immediately after searching the pris- oner, handcuff him with his arms in front of his body. If the prisoner is considered a custody risk, loop his belt over the connecting links of the hand irons. Fasten the belt with the buckel to the rear and retain the belt looped over the connecting links until the prisoner is aboard the main mode of transport. Use the same procedures when two prisoners are being trans- ported. Prisoners will not be hand- cuffed to a fixed object within the conveyance. (b) Locate the sedan near the exit through which the prisoner is to come. Have it parked away from crowds and heavy traffic, if possible. (c) The armed guard keeps approximately six paces from the prisoner and the unarmed guard. (d) The driver places the guards' and prisoner's personal effects in the trunk of the sedan. (e) The prisoner enters the sedan first and sits in the left rear seat directly be- hind the driver. The unarmed guard enters the vehicle on the side opposite

TAGO 6669C 121 the prisoner and sits to his right on the rear seat. If there are two pris- oners, handcuff them together and use the same seating procedure. (f) The armed guard sits in the right front seat. He positions himself so that he can observe the actions of the prisoner. (g) In unloading, the armed guard dis- mounts first. The prisoners and the unarmed guard then dismount on the same side of the sedan as the armed guard. (2) Truck. Open bed trucks are frequently used to move prisoners to and from work sites. If tools are needed, they should be carried from the toolroom to the truck by previously selected prison- ers. Separate the tools and the prison- ers during the trip; for example, the tools may be placed under the side seats of the truck or secured in the cab of the truck prior to loading the prisoners. Prearrange a system of communications between the guards and the driver. For example, one blow of the hand on the cab of the truck means start the vehicle and move out. A blow on the cab during movement means there is trouble, and the driver is to stop the truck immedi- ately. Loading procedures described in (a) through (e) below apply when one or more guards ride in the truck bed with the prisoners.

122 TAGO 65690C (a) The driver lets down the tailgate. (b) One guard hands his weapon to the driver and mounts the truck. Once the guard is in the truck, the driver returns his weapon. If there are two or more guards, they follow the same procedure, i. e., handing their weapons to the driver, mounting, and taking back their weapons. (c) The armed guard takes a position in a front corner of the truck bed, fac- ing the prisoners. (d) Direct the prisoners to mount one at a time and take seats alternately on the two sides. A space is left between the prisoners and the tailgate, and between the prisoners and the guard. (e) The driver raises and fastens the tail- gate. (f) In unloading, the procedures are the reverse of those described in (a) through (e) above. (3) Ambulance. When moving prisoners by ambulance, the procedures described in (1) above apply, except that one armed guard will be in the front seat and one unarmed guard will be between the pri- soner and the rear door. When moving a prisoner who is certified by a medical officer to be a mental patient, only un- armed guards will accompany the pri- soner to assist the medical attendant in charge. (4) Truck, panel, police (van). When a van

TACO 6559C 123 is used, the procedures in (1) above ap- ply, except that one armed guard will be in the front seat. An unarmed guard is not required in the rear of the van, if the rear door is secured from the outside. (5) Bus. If practicable, make a reconnais- sance of the route. Guards shake down (search) the bus for any weapons, con- traband, and prohibited articles before the prisoners are loaded. Windows may be opened, but must be blocked so that they cannot be opened more than four inches. Prisoners load the baggage under close supervision of armed guards. The seating plan is prearranged. The pris- oners are searched immediately prior to boarding. If the bus does not have cages, escort or guard vehicles contain- ing armed guards accompany the move- ment. One guard vehicle is immediately in front of, and one to the rear of, the bus. A communication system for con- tact among vehicles is prearranged. The procedures for communications contained in (1) above may apply. The lead ve- hicle sets the pace; the speed is regu- lated to keep the bus and guard vehicles sufficiently close together to prevent any other vehicle from entering the gap. This procedure does not preclude proper road courtesies to other drivers. A com- fort stop should be made in an isolated spot along the route. There must be a

124 TAGO 6569C clear line of vision and of fire. When the stop is made, all the vehicles are closed up bumper to bumper. At a com- fort stop, armed guards dismount and take positions from which they can best guard the prisoners. When the armed guards are in position, the prisoners leave the bus in an orderly manner. Do not allow the prisoners to go on the highway side of the bus or to wander off. Be especially alert during this period to insure that an escape is not made and that weapons or prohibited articles are not obtained. The following loading pro- cedures are used prior to a movement or after a comfort stop: (a) Prisoners may be handcuffed at the discretion of the movement com- mander. Handcuffing procedures are predetermined. Take special precau- tions to insure that troublemakers, ab- normal behavior cases, and escapists are not handcuffed to each other. Seat them where they can be under con- stant observation. (b) Place a screen of guards around the bus. The screen must cover all pos- sible avenues of escape. (c) Have the prisoners to enter the bus in the order in which they are to be seated. As they enter the bus, check them off the roster. An unarmed guard in the rear seats the prisoners from rear to front according to the seating

TACO c569C 125 plan. The seat next to the emergency door is occupied by a guard. (d) If the bus has cages the armed guards are located in the front and rear cages. Armed guards are not used in buses that do not have cages. (e) If the bus does not have cages, an unarmed guard or guards are placed at the front, near the driver, and in the rear, with an empty seat between them and the prisoners. Prisoners do not occupy the seat immediately be- hind the driver. Except when granted permission to move, prisoners remain in their seats at all times. The driver will not communicate with any pris- oner, unless otherwise instructed. (f) During unloading, have the prisoners from front to rear file out of the bus in an orderly manner. e. By Rail. (1) One prisoner. (a) Normally, two guards, one armed and one unarmed, are assigned to escort one prisoner by rail. For overnight travel, two guards are always as- signed. The armed guard carries the necessary restraining devices and keys for such devices. When escorting a prisoner, the armed guard's weapon is magazine loaded; a round of am- munition is not carried in the chamber. (b) Avoid crowds and contact with the public. The senior guard, if prior

126 TACO CGGC9 arrangement have not been made, may contact Armed Forces, civil, or rail- road police in the station and ask them to provide escort through the station to the train. (c) The senior guard informs the conduc- tor that he has a military prisoner in custody and gives his destination. If reservations have been made, he asks where the seats are. If reservations have not been made, he asks the con- ductor to obtain seats. (d) If an Armed Forces train patrol is aboard, the senior guard briefs the patrol on his mission and requests the patrol's assistance in case of an emer- gency. (c) The following procedures are used for boarding the train: 1. Handcuff the prisoner. The prisoner and the unarmed guard enter first followed by the armed guard. The armed guard keeps his distance while boarding and never presents his right side toward the prisoner. 2. Select a coach either directly in front of, or to the rear of, the dining car so that the prisoner may be taken to the dining car without passing through other car. 3. Select seats near but not at the end of the car and convenient to the men's latrine. The seats used should face one another. If the seats do

TAGO 6569C 127 not face one another, opposite seats (across the aisle) are used. 4. Have the prisoner sit next to the window. The window may be opened if the senior guard so consents. How- ever, if it is opened, it must be blocked so that it cannot be opened more than four inches. (f) Guards are seated as follows: 1. The unarmed guard sits on the aisle side of the prisoner. 2. The armed guard, if the seats face one another, sits in the opposite seat across from the unarmed guard, thereby blocking the only avenue of escape. If the seat across the aisle is used, the armed guard sits in the aisle seat directly across from the unarmed guard. (g) Never let the prisoner out of sight. A prisoner may use a visit to the latrine as a ruse to escape. Do not let him enter the latrine alone and close the door. The armed guard outside the latrine door will enter immediately if there is a sound of a scuffle or disturb- ance while the prisoner and a guard are in the latrine. (h) Whenever possible, feed prisoners be- fore or after regular passengers. When this cannot be done,'the following pro- cedures apply while in the dining car: 1. Prearrange with the steward to have a table reserved for your group. 2. Have the prisoner and the unarmed 128 TAGO 6669C guard to enter the car followed by the armed guard. 3. Seat the prisoner next to the window. The unarmed guard sits next to the prisoner. The armed guard takes a seat from which he can observe the prisoner very closely, yet he is far enough away from the prisoner to preclude an attempt to obtain his weapon. Normally, this means that he takes a position at an angle from the prisoner. If the guard must sit at the prisoner's table, he takes the seat opposite the unarmed guard. Only the guards and the prisoner should sit at the prisoner's table. 4. The senior guard must use his own discretion and judgment as to whether the hand irons should be temporarily removed. If there is any danger or risk, do not remove the hand irons. Remove the pris- oner's belt from the connecting links of the hand irons if he is to eat while restrained. 5. Be especially alert during this period, particularly when the hand irons have been removed from the pris- oner. (i) If the prisoner is unruly, take him out of public view. Move him to the coach platform and warn him that, if he con- tinues to be unmanageable, he will be put in the baggage car and reported to

TAGO 6569C 129 the receiving installation, where he will be subject to disciplinary action. If the prisoner persists in this be- havior, contact the conductor and ar- range to place the prisoner in the bag- gage car; the guards stay with the prisoner at all times. If this arrange- ment does not solve the problem and the guards cannot handle the prisoner, request the conductor to wire ahead to the nearest military establishment or, in its absence, civil authorities and re- quest assistance. Upon arrival at the location where the assistance is avail- able, take the prisoner off the train and place him in confinement. (j) Guards should change duties (armed guard for unarmed guard) every two to four hours. A guard should never perform the same duty for more than four consecutive hours. 1. An example of an appropriate time to change duties is after a meal; the prisoner may be sleepy at this time. The exchange should never take place when the train is near- ing its destination. At that time, the prisoner's anxiety increases, and he may attempt to escape at the least opportunity. 2. The armed guard and the unarmed guard exchange duties by stepping into the aisle away from the pris- oner. Then the armed guard hands

130 TAGO 6569C his weapon, belt, holster, and the key for the hand irons to the un- armed guard. Caution must be taken during this changeover to keep the weapon away from the prisoner. (k) Upon arrival at the destination, the guards and prisoner detrain after the other passengers. Contact the Armed Forces or railway police for assistance in locating the personnel from the re- ceiving agency, if they do not meet the train, and for safe escort through the station. (1) Upon reaching the receiving facility, effect the final transfer of the prisoner. (2) Group. If a group of prisoners is to be moved by rail, the procedures contained in SR 55-150-11 and SR 55-150-21 ap- ply. d. By Air. The following material pertains to the movement of groups of prisoners by military or chartered aircraft. (1) When moving prisoners to the airport, drive the vehicle containing the prisoners up to the aircraft so that the prisoners can be quickly unloaded from the carrier and loaded into the aircraft. (2) Baggage of both prisoners and guards will not exceed the authorized limit desig- nated in the orders. It may be necessary to request additional baggage allowances for prisoners' records. (3) Insure that adequate arms and restrain- ing devices are provided and stored be-

TAGO 66C9C 131 fore the prisoners board. During the trip, keep all weapons and keys to re- straining devices under lock in the pilot's compartment in a place designated by the pilot. (4) Keep prisoners out of public view as much as possible. They may be taken through side entrances. (5) Search the aircraft for weapons, con- traband, and prohibited articles. (6) See that adequate supplies of water and food, if applicable, are loaded. (7) One or two unarmed guards enter the aircraft, placing themselves so that they can seat the prisoners as they enter. (8) Search the prisoners prior to loading, (9) Prisoners are loaded in the following manner: (a) Handcuff only those prisoners con- sidered to be custody risks. Prisoners who are known troublemakers or es- cape risks should not be handcuffed together. (b) Place a screen of guards around the aircraft covering all avenues of escape. If a military airport, the base com- plement air police may be contacted for assistance in this matter. (c) Have the prisoners enter the aircraft in the order in which they are to be seated. As they board, check them off the roster. An unarmed guard seats them according to the seating plan. Unarmed guards are seated next to

132 TAGO G659C emergency exits. Do not seat prisoners on the front and rear rows. These rows provide seats for the guards and for a control space between guards and prisoners. (10) The handcuffs may be removed after all exits to the aircraft have been locked; however, they are replaced when the situation requires them. The use of hand irons is not prohibited during flight if the prisoners' conduct constitutes a hazard to the security of the aircraft, the crew, or other passengers. (11) The aircraft commander, usually the first pilot, is in charge of the aircraft and its passengers during the time the prisoners are on board. Guards receive from him any special instructions and pass them on to the prisoners. (12) The pilot's cabin is locked during flight to prevent the possibility of the prisoners taking control of the aircraft. With the concurrence of the aircraft commander, an officer or noncommissioned officer may be posted in the pilot's cabin. (13) If a stewardess is provided by a com- mercial carrier, request that the aircraft commander instruct her not to engage in conversation with the prisoners and to remain either in the rear of the air- craft or in the pilot's cabin when not actually engaged in her duties. (14) When traveling by military aircraft, prisoners are normally briefed by the

TAGO 6569C 133 aircraft commander on the proper wear- ing of the parachute, when to wear it, and the method of operation. When pris- oners are directed to wear parachutes, guards will be instructed on the possi- bilities of prisoners escaping through the aircraft's emergency exits. Handcuffs will be removed from prisoners if it be- comes necessary to abandon the aircraft. (15) At stops en route, post armed guards around the aircraft. If the guard force cannot provide adequate control over the prisoners during stops, guards may do one of the following: (a) If the stop is anticipated before de- parting on the movement, arrange with the military or air police at a military installation or civil authorities at a civilian airfield to provide guards dur- ing the stop. (b) If the stop is one not previously anti- cipated, ask the aircraft commander to radio the airfield and request assist- ance from military, air, or civil police, as appropriate. (16) If an emergency or forced landing is necessary, the armed guards may guard the prisoners and tje plane while crew members go to the nearest communica- tions facilities to request assistance from local military or civil police and to notify the commanding officers of the receiving and losing facilities concerning the situ- ation.

134 TAGO 656DC (17) When the aircraft lands, the following procedures are used: (a) Handcuff those prisoners considered to be custody risks. (b) Keep the prisoners in the aircraft until all other passengers have deplaned and the baggage and records have been removed and placed in the waiting transportation. (c) Have the vehicle that is to take the prisoners to the confinement facility parked as close as possible to the exit of the aircraft. (d) Place a screen of guards around the aircraft. (e) Move the prisoners out of the aircraft and immediately into the waiting ve- hicle. Count the prisoners to insure that all of them are present. (18) Release the prisoners to the receiving agency. In some cases, due to the trans- portation schedule, guards who accom- panied the prisoners do not have time to take the prisoners to the confinement fa- cility; in such situations, effect the final transfer at the airfield. e. By Ship. (1) Prisoner custodial personnel will cooper- ate fully with the ship's master. The pro- visions of the material discussed below in no way limit the final authority resting with the ship's master for determining the conditions of confinement, establish- ing safety measures, feeding of maximum custody prisoners in cells eliminating TACO 6569C 135 exercise periods, augmenting the guard force from among troops embarked, or any other precaution that will increase the safety of other passengers. (2) Preloading planning includes the follow- ing: (a) If practicable, the officer in charge of the movement should conduct an or- ientation visit to the ship prior to the embarkation of prisoners. (b) Classify prisoners as being minimum, medium, or maximum custody prior to embarkation. (c) For billeting purposes, minimum and medium custody prisoners may be con- sidered suitable for passage in space similar to that assigned to ordinary troop passengers. Homosexuals under sentence or awaiting trial will be seg- regated from all other prisoners. Homosexuals will be accepted for movement in military troop transports only to the limit of their capacity for segregation. (d) Maximum custody prisoners will not be transported on any Military Sea Transportation Service ship carrying dependents, unless military troop transports are not available. These prisoners are not moved on troop transports in excess of the prisoner guardroom capacity without the ap- proval of the ship's master. (e) Psychotic prisoners will not be ac-

136 TAGO 6569C cepted aboard any ship in excess of available facilities to afford confine- ment and/or custody for such prison- ers. (f) Final authority for determining the acceptability of prisoner passengers for transportation on a Military Sea Transportation Service ship rests with the ship's master. (3) Special attention will be given to those prisoners who have past records of cus- todial or abnormal behavior difficulties. (4) Personnel from the losing confinement facility take the prisoners to the pier where the ship is berthed. The prisoners and their records, personal property, and funds are turned over to the officer in charge of the movement or his represen- tative, who signs a receipt indicating the exchange. After the receipt has been signed, movement custodial personnel are responsible for the prisoners. (5) Inspect and thoroughly search the pris- oners' quarters for contraband, prohibi- ted property, and/or possible weapons before they board the ship. (6) Search the prisoners, bring them aboard, and secure them in their quarters before the other passengers embark. (7) Confine custody risks at the outset. Do not handcuff the other prisoners but place them under strict 24-hour guard. (8) Thoroughly brief the prisoners on ex- actly what is expected of them on the

TAGO 6569C 137 trip, to include the fact that the rules of the sea govern them on the voyage and that the ship's master has authority to take disciplinary action against them. (9) Insure that there are sufficient, stra- tegically placed unarmed guards to keep the prisoners constantly in sight and under complete control whenever they use the corridors. (10) Make sure that the prisoners' quarters are kept clean and inspect them period- ically. Search the prisoners' quarters when they vacate them temporarily. (11) Count the prisoners frequently. (12) Permit prisoners to smoke only under guard in designated places at designated times. (13) Make arrangements w'ith the chaplain to hold religious services for the prisoners. Request assistance from special services personnel to help keep the prisoners oc- cupied. (14) The medical facilities of the ship are used for prisoners requiring medical at- tention. (15) Coordinate with the ship's security offi- cer, the provost marshal, and the troop commander during the trip for any as- sistance that may be required. (16) Unloading procedures are carried out as follows: (a) Relieving custodial personnel come aboard the ship and take over the custody and control of the prisoners.

138 TAGO 6569C (b) Call the roll to determine that all pris- oners are present. (c) Arrange for the prisoners to leave the ship before other passengers de- bark. Handcuff only prisoners consid- ered to be custody risks. (d) Inspect the prisoners' quarters for damage and cleanliness. (e) Search the prisoners for weapons, contraband, and prohibited property. (17) Obtain a receipt for the prisoners; for their records, personal property, and funds; and for any equipment that is involved. f. Personal Effects. As a guard during the movement of prisoners, you will receipt and be responsible for all personal property and funds that prisoners are not permitted to retain in their possession. You will also be responsible for per- sonnel and confinement records that accompany prisoners upon transfer. These will be safeguarded during the transfer, and a receipt for them will be obtained from the confinement facility to which they are delivered. 108. Movement, Treatment, and Confinement of Fe- male Prisoners. a. Movement. In moving a female prisoner, a male guard may be detailed to accompany the fe- male escort. If movement is by rail, a closed ve- hicle or compartment is used. No restraining de- vice is used unless the prisoner cannot be handled otherwise. b. Treatment. Female prisoners are treated in

TAGO 6569C 139 accordance with the provisions of AR 633-45. A female prisoner is escorted by a female guard of equal or higher grade. If the female prisoner is a custody risk and a male guard is required, he sits discreetly to the rear or adjacent to the fe- male prisoner and her female escort. His only contact with the female escort and female prisoner is when his assistance is needed. c. Confinement. Female prisoners are not con- fined in facilities used for the confinement of male personnel. 109. Execution Military police usually carry out military exe- cutions. The procedures for these executions are found in AR 633-15.

140 TAGO 6669C CHAPTER 6 UNARMED DEFENSE

110. General The purpose of unarmed defense measures is to help you to protect yourself and overcome at- tacks by other persons while using a minimum of force. Unarmed defense involves the expert ap- plication of holds or throws to the attacking op- ponent. The necessary prerequisites are elemen- tary knowledge of anatomy and physical and mental fitness to enable you to execute your inten- tions. The basic principles and certain simple holds and throws with which to defend yourself against the attack of an opponent, overcome his resistance, and take him into custody are pre- sented in this chapter. 111. Training Training in unarmed defense measures is es- sential. In training, care must be used to avoid injury. Participants should cooperate with each other and agree upon signals, such as patting the leg or mat, to inform each other when too much pressure is being applied. The signals must be obeyed instantly and the hold relaxed. Training is necessary to develop the skill of applying holds quickly and to teach what degrees of pressure may be applied without serious injury. For full details of training, see FM 21-150. 112. Six Basic Principles of Unarmed Defense Unarmed defense measures are based on six TAGO 65s9C 141 basic principles that you must understand and be able to apply. These six principles in application are- a. Balance. Maintaining your own while break- ing the balance of your opponent. b. Stahara. Utilizing your abdominal muscles as a source of power to escape holds applied by your opponent. e. Maximum Versus Minimum. Putting your strongest effort against the weakest point of your opponent's grip or hold. d. Momentum. Utilizing your opponent's mo- mentum to overcome him. For example, you cause him to lose his balance by side stepping, tripping, or ducking when he rushes at you. e. Major and Minor Operations. The major operation is getting the correct hold. The minor operation is the application of pressure. If you combine these two, the results might be a broken bone or other serious injury. In practice, apply these operations separately. When subduing an opponent, no limits should be placed on the two operations. However, keep in mind that only necessary force is used to complete the operation and achieve your objective of submission. f. Leverage. Applying leverage to produce pain in an opponent or to break his balance and stance in order to throw him. 113. Defense Measures The measures described below provide you with relatively simple but effective protection. They utilize the principles defined above. a. Defense Agnai.st Cholkes. I)Defenses against

142 TA^:o 6GC9C choke holds must be fast and immediately suc- cessful. Speed in breaking a choke hold is essen- tial; if a choke hold is applied properly, uncon- sciousness can be produced within five to sever seconds and death may result in a little more than twice that length of time. (1) Windmill defense. If an opponent grasps your throat either from the front or the rear, execute the following: (a) Quickly raise one arm above your head. (b) Pivot from your hips, swinging your raised arm across the opponent's arms to break his hold with the force of your arm and shoulder action (fig. 11). (2) Wedge defense. If the opponent grasps you with a choke hold from the front, quickly assume a modified boxer's stance. Bring your hands together, palm to palm, with your forearms parallel to the ground. Then drive upward with your arms between the opponent's arms, to strike and force them apart, and break his hold (fig. 12). b. Defense Against Wrestling Holds. Defense measures against wrestling holds may be applied to the left as well as to the right by substituting left for right in the measures outlined below: (1) Side headlock. While he is facing in the same direction as you are, the opponent's right arm, reinforced by his left, has encircled your neck. To break the hold- (a) Bring your left arm over the oppon- ent's right shoulder and grasp him

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TACO 6569C 149 (g) Follow through with the appropriate control measures. c. Defense Against Firearms. Unarmed defense against a firearm is highly dangerous. There are two basic facts that would warrant your attempt- ing to disarm an opponent: first, there must be an absolute necessity for disarming him; and second- ly, the weapon must be where you can reach it. It takes a great deal of skill to disarm an armed opponent if you are unarmed. Skill is obtained through practice. Study the techniques of dis- arming an opponent as set forth in FM 21-150. d. Defense Against a Knife. The first line of defense against an opponent armed with a knife is to avoid close body contact. Outdoors, use sticks, stones, or a handful of dirt or sand. In- doors, use anything that you can pick up, such as a bottle, a chair, or a table. A coat or blanket wrapped around your arms is good protection against knife wounds. As your opponent ap- proaches closer, pivot and drive to either knee with a leg smash. For specific techniques, see FM 21-150. 114. Protective Throws Prospective throws are used when come-along holds (pars. 53c(3) (b) and 115) prove insufficient for effective control when tlking a person into custody. You should know and understand the six basic principles of unarmed defense before you practice throws. Throwing a person can cause considerable injury and should never be accom- plished until other courses of action have been taken. There are many different techniques of

150 TAGO 656CC throwing. Two basic throws from which many throws are derived are as follows: a. Hip throw. Throw is executed as follows: (1) Facing the opponent, grasp his right wrist with your left hand. Retain the hold with your left hand and grasp the opponent's clothing or belt in the small of his back with your right hand. (2) Place your right foot before, and to the inside of, the opponent's right foot. (3) Pivot on the ball of your right foot, shift your buttocks under your opponent's waistline, and place your left foot before. and on the inside of, the opponent's left foot. Your right foot now is to the out- side of opponent's right foot (1 fig. 15). (4) Squat straight down into a quarter knee bend. Pull hard with your right arm, pulling your opponent's body tight against yours, and his balance will be broken. (5) Straighten your legs, bend forward slightly at the waist, pull your opponent with both hands, and swing your body quickly to your left (2, fig. 15). (6) Direct the opponent's fall as near to your feet as possible in order to apply further control measures (3, fig. 15). b. Shoulder Throzw. This throw is executed in the following manner: (1) With the opponent's right arm over your right shouldler, grasp his right wrist with your left hand. (2) (Grasp the opponenOt';s right arm above

'IfACO (:5;9C 151 a~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Im I S7So~~ TA(:OG CS99C~~~~~-- ll(3 - A-,- the elbow with your right hand. You now have a standing reverse armbar (1, fig. 16). (3) Squat straight down in a quarter or full knee bend. (4) Pull hard and fast on his right arm, pulling him tight against you so that your right shoulder is up tight into his armpit. (5) Straighten both legs and lean forward slightly to break your opponent's bal- ance. (6) Pull hard on his arm and rock your shoulders to the right (2, fig. 16). (7) Direct the opponent's fall in front of you and near your feet in order to apply further control measures.

115. Come-Along Holds A come-along hold is used to assist in the move- ment of an unwilling person from one place to another. Its aim is to control the movements of an individual without injuring him. The holds are accomplished by the use of leverage or pressure on a sensitive part of the body to induce pain or discomfort. They must be executed quickly and with as little commotion as possible. Before attempting to use come-along holds, determine through experiment the holds that are best suited to your capabilities in a given situation. Since speed is essential in successfully applying these holds, practice until you are proficient. The fol- lowing come-along holds are recommended: a. Arm Guide. This hold is very basic and

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154 TACO 65690 simple, but it permnits you to guide a persout in the direction you want to go and permits really detec- tion of resistance (fig. 17). Grasp the individual's right arm firmly just above the elbow with your left hand, or grasp his left arm with your right hand, and indicate by a pushing pressure the direction in which you wish him to go. Direction, of course, may be aided by firm voice commands.

Figure 17. Arnlgudde. b. Wrist Come-Along. To accomplish this hold approach the individual from his front and exe- cute the following: TAGO 6569C 155 (1) Step forward with your right foot, and grasp his upper left arm with your left hand. (2) With your right hand, take hold of his

Figure 18. Wrist come-along.

156 TAGO 6569C left hand with your thumb in his palm and your finger grasping the back of his hand (1, fig. 18). (3) Pull the opponent off balance toward you, pivot to the left, and lock his left arm above the elbow in the crook of your right arm. (4) Maintain your left hand grip, and main- tain pressure with your right hand and arm (2, fig. 18). (5) Release the grip of your left hand (3, fig. 18). (6) Reinforce your right hand with your left and press his hand to its rear to apply pressure for his discomfort and your control (4, fig. 18). c. Hammerlock. Accomplish this hold in the following manner: (1) Facing the opponent, step forward with your right foot and grasp the outer upper part of the opponent's left arm with your left hand (1, fig. 19). (2) In one movement, pull the opponent's left arm forward and bring your own right arm forward so that your forearm strikes the opponent's left forearm at right angles and drives it to the rear (2, fig. 19). (3) Immediately pivot to the left on the balls of your feet, release your left hand, and bring you right hand to the inside of the opponent's left elbow grasping it firmly (3, fig. 19). (4) This action brings the opponent's left

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TAGO 6569C 159 wrist into the crook of your right arm. From this position, press the opponent's elbow upward against his back and main- tain the pressure. He may be leaning forward from this action (4, fig. 19). (5) Complete the come-along by bringing the opponent to an upright position so that he may walk. To do so, it may be neces- sary to ease the upward pressure being applied at his elbow. Resume the pres- sure as soon as he is in an upright posi- tion. d. Finger Come-Along. This hold is tiring to maintain but is useful in escorting an individual for a short distance. It is executed in the follow- ing manner: (1) Facing the opponent, grasp his left wrist firmly with your left hand, and step to the right front with your right foot (1, fig. 20). (2) Holding your right forefinger free, grasp two fingers of his left hand with your right hand. The hold may be applied by grasping only one finger. (3) Place your right forefinger across the knuckles on the back of his hand, and pull or press downward and backward with your left hand and upward with your right hand. (4) Pivot to your left and swing your arms upward in a wide arc until they reach shoulder height. Keep your arms straight throughout so that the opponent remains at arms length at all times.

160 ''AG() 65690 (5) Turn the offender's wrist toward his face, and pull upward with your left hand and backward with your right hand (2, fig. 20). (6) Direct the offender with voice commands.

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162 TAGO 6569C3 CHAPTER 7 COMMUNICATIONS

116. Need for Communications A reliable system of communications is essen- tial to efficient military police operations because of the normal dispersion of military police person- nel and the rapidity with which incidents of in- terest to military police may arise that require assistance or immediate reporting. 117. Means Wire (telephone, telegraph, and teletype), radio, and messenger communications facilities are normally available in some degree to military police. Military communications facilities may be supplemented, if requirements demand, by com- mercial, civil police, or purely private facilities, such as amateur radio services. For further details in respect to military police communica- tions, see FM 19-10. 118. Communications Security Communications security is the safeguarding of messages and communications equipment from the enemy and unauthorized persons. The neces- sity for strict security may not be altogether ap- parent during peacetime, but habits and practices developed then will be carried over into combat situations. Therefore, utilize procedures during peacetime that conform to the highest standards of security required during combat. a. Protection of Equipment and Documents. Communications equipment, messages, and docu- TAGO 6569C 163 ments must be protected from capture, loss, or examination by unauthorized persons or the enemy. The procedure for handling classified ma- terial is specified in AR 380-5. Radio operators in combat situations must be on the alert at all times to safeguard signal communications equip- ment and material from seizure by the enemy. The loss or compromise of communications ma- terial is reported immediately. Orders for the destruction of equipment are carried out promptly and thoroughly. b. Transmission Security. Transmission secu- rity consists of the protection from interception of messages being transmitted by radio or telephone. In radio-telephone conversations, avoid revealing information by thoughtless mention of locations and names of units or persons. Names of units are not mentioned in the clear, either in the head- ing, body, or closing of a radio-telephone message unless specifically authorized. The wording of voice transmissions should be carefully planned prior to transmission. (1) Radio security. Messages transmitted by radio are a potential source of intelli- gence to the enemy in combat operations. Each radio transmission, regardless of its nature, may impart some information to the enemy. Radio operators must have a clear understanding of general com- munications security and radio communi- cations security. Radio transmission se- curity includes. (a) Strict compliance with radio silence instructions. 164 TAGO C659C (b) Use of minimum power for transmis- sion. (c) Strict adherence to authentication pro- cedures. (d) Elimination of unnecessary and un- authorized transmissions. (e) Compliance with the local signal oper- ating instructions (SOI). (2) Telephone security. The telephone is not a safe means of transmitting classified information. The enemy may intercept telephone messages by tapping the line. Telephone messages should be limited in content to the transmission of only that information authorized by the com- mander. 119. Radio Call Signs Radio call signs are groups of letters, numerals, or a combination of both, which identify a radio station. Radio operators using call signs comply with procedures contained in the local signal op- erating instructions. 120. Radio Transmission Signals To shorten transmissions and to deny informa- tion to unauthorized listeners, a standardized group of signals is used in transmitting routine messages by voice radio. These signals consist of a series of numbers, each number standing for a message. Standardized radio transmission signals that you use are as follows:

.~>Si,,.lI]lca5n,, ~ 10-1 Emergency, clear the net. 10-2 Emergency, request assistance at (location).

TACO 6569C 165 ti;n s licanilug 10-3 Vehicle accident at (location). 10-4 Send wrecker to (location). 10-5 Send ambulance to (location). 10-6 Send civil police to (location). 10-7 Pick up prisoner(s) at (location). 10-8 Have prisoner(s) in custody at (location). 10-9 Send police van to (location). 10-10 Escort, pick up (person or convoy) at (location). 10-11 In service at (location). 10-12 Out of service at (location). 10-13 Repeat last transmission. 10-14 What is your location? My location is 10-15 Proceed to (location). 10-16 Report by phone. 10-17 Return to your station. 10-18 Last assignment completed. 10-19 Do you have contact with ? 10-20 Relay to

121. Phonetic Alphabet a. The range and quality of radio communica- tions are affected to a varying degree by the fre- quency used, the weather, the nature of the inter- vening terrain or obstacles, the time of day, the season of the year, and magnetic disturbances. Due to unfavorable conditions, it may become ne- cessary for the operator to spell each word in a message using the phonetic alphabet listed below: Lotter Vurd )ronouncd as A Alfa Alfah B Bravo Brah voh C Charlie Char lee D Delta Dell tah E Echo Eck oh F Foxtrot Foks trot G Golf Golf H Hotel Hoh tell

166 TAGO 6569C Letter Word Pronoun.ed as I India In dee ah J Juliett Jew lee ott K Kilo Key loh L Lima Lee mah M Mike Mike N November No vemt her 0 Oscar Oss cah P Papa Pah pah Q Quebec Keh beck R Romeo Row me oh S Sierra See air rah T Tango Tang go U Uniform You nee form V Victor Vik tah W Whiskey Wiss key X X-Ray Ecks ray Y Yankee Yang kee Z Zulu Zoo loo For example, Howard is phonetically spelled "Hotel-Oscar-Whiskey-Alfa-Romeo-Delta." b. In order to prevent numbers from being mis- understood, use the following pronunciations: 1-Wun 6-Six 2-Too 7-Seven 3-Thuh-ree 8-Ate 4-Fo-wer 9-Niner 5-Fi-yiv O-Zero

TAGO 65,9C ]167 APPENDIX REFERENCES

1. Army and Special Regulations AR 10-5 Organization and Func- tions, Department of the Army. AR 55-50 Transportation of Individ- uals. SR 55-150-11 Transportation of United States Military Prisoners by Rail Within Continen- tal United States, Exclu- sive of Alaska; Special Preparation of Railroad Passenger Coaches in Certain Cases and Resto- ration Thereof to Previ- ous Condition, and Bills Thereof. SR 55-150-21 Operation of Army Pris- oner Cars Owned by the Department of the Army. AR 105-30 Joint Use of International Civil Aviation Organiza- tion (ICAO) Phonetic Alphabet. AR 105-70 Amateur Radio Operations. SR 105-75-1 Military Affiliate Radio System. AR 190-8 Off Post Military Police Ac- tivities.

168 'TA:G fi569C AR 190-22 Seizure and Disposition of Property. SR 190-45-1 Preparation of Reports and Records. AR 190-60 Physical Security of Atomic Weapons. AR 190-90 Suppression of Prostitution. AR 195-10 Military Police Criminal In- vestigative Activities. AR 195-20 Reports of Investigation (Military Police). AR 210-175 Use of Force at Army Con- finement Facilities. AR 210-181 Stockades and Hospital Prisoner Wards. AR 320-5 Dictionary of United States Army Terms. AR 320-50 Authorized Abbreyiations and Brevity Codes. AR 380-5 Safeguarding Defense In- formation. AR 380-130 Armed Forces Industrial Security Regulation. AR 500-50 Domestic Disturbances. AR 500-60 Disaster Relief. AR 580-20 Armed Forces Industrial Defense Regulation. AR 600-10 Military Discipline. SR 600-10-50 Military Police, Shore Pa- trol, and Air Police on Public Carriers and in Transportation Termi- nals.

TAGO 6569C 169 AR 600-320 Apprehension and Re- straint. AR 611-201 Manual of Enlisted Military Occupational Specialties. AR 611-203 Enlisted Classification. AR 616-36 Utilization. of Personnel on Military Police Activities. AR 630-10 Absence Without Leave and Desertion. AR 632-380 Petty Offenses Committed by Civilians on Federal Reservations. AR 633-5 Prisoners; General Provi- sions. AR 633-15 Procedure for Military Exe- cutions. AR 633-45 Detention of Female Per- sons Subject to the UCMJ. AR 643-40 Lost, Abandoned or Un- claimed Private Prop- erty. AR 670-5 Uniform and Insignia, Male Personnel. SR 840-10-1 Description and Use of Flags, Guidons, Tabards, and Automobile Plates. 2. Field and Technical Manuals FM 19-10 Military Police Operations. FM 19-15 Civil Disturbances and Dis- asters. FM 19-20 Criminal Investigation.

170 TAGO 66690 FM 19-25 Military Police Traffic Con- trol. FM 19-30 Physical Security. FM 19-40 Handling Prisoners of War. FM 19-90 The Provost Marshal. FM 21-5 Military Training. FM 21-6 Techniques of Military In- struction. FM 21-11 First Aid for Soldiers. FM 21-13 The Soldier's Guide. FM 21-20 Physical Training. FM 21-26 Map Reading. FM 21-30 Military Symbols. FM 21-40 Small Units Procedures in Atomic, Biological and Chemical Warfare. FM 21-41 Soldier's Handbook for Nu- clear, Biological and Chemical Warfare. FM 21-60 Visual Signals. FM 21-75 Combat Training of the In- dividual Soldier and Pa- trolling. FM 21-150 Hand-to-Hand Combat. FM 22-5 Drills and Ceremonies. FM 23-5 U. S. Rifle, Caliber .30, M1. FM 23-35 Pistols and Revolvers. FM 23-41 Submachine Guns, Caliber .45, M3 and M3A1. FM 23-55 Browning Machine Guns, Caliber .30, M1917A1, M1919A4, M1919A4E1, M1919A6, and M37.

TAGO 6569C 171 FM 25-10 Motor Transportation, Op- erations. FM 26-5 Interior Guard. FM 27-10 The Law of Land Warfare. FM 41-5 Joint Manual of Civil Af- fairs/Military Govern- ment. FM 41-10 Civil Affairs/Military Gov- ernment Operations. TM 19-275 Military Police and Shore Patrol on Railroad Trains and in Railroad and Bus Terminals and Stations. TM 21-305 Manual for Wheeled Vehicle Driver. 3. Technical Bulletins TB PMG-series. TB Sig 555-14 Operation of Tactical Voice Radio Sets. 4. Department of the Army Pamphlets DA Pam 21-71 The U. S. Fighting Man's Code. DA Pam 27-1 Treaties Governing Land Warfare. DA Pam 27-4 Procedure for Military Exe- cution. DA Pam 27-100-1 Military Law Review. DA Pam 108-1 Index of Army Motion Pic- tures, Film Strips, Slides, and Phono-Recordings. DA Pam 310-1 Military Publications: In- dex of Administrative Publications.

172 TAGO 6569C DA Pam 310-3 Military Publications: In- dex of Training Publica- tions. DA Pam 310-5 Military Publications: In- dex of Graphic Training Aids and Devices. DA Pam 320-1 Dictionary of United States Military Terms for Joint Usage. 5. Training Films, Film Strips, Graphic Films, Miscel- laneous Films, and Film Bulletins TF 19-1482 Absence Without Leave and Desertion. TF 19-1485 Wearing of the Uniform. TF 19-1552 Military Police on Trains. TF 19-1610 Prevention of Pilferage: Part I - Depots and Warehouses. TF 19-1634 Personal Encounter (Judo). TF-19-1661 Prevention of Pilferage: Part II - On Ships and Wharves. TF 19-1701 Support in Emergencies - Riot Control. TF 19-1748 The Airborne Military Po- liceman. TF 19-1794 Military Police Headquar- ters. TF 19-1795 Military Police Services. TF 19-1796 Military Police Approach- Individuals. TF 19-1797 Military Police Approach- Vehicles.

TAGO 6569C 173 TF 19-1799 Booking of Military Offend- ers. TF 19-1800 Military Police Duties at Traffic Accidents. TF 19-1807 Straggler Control. TF 19-1809 Geneva Conventions-Han- dling Prisoners of War. TF 19-1847 Industrial Plant Protection. TF 19-2111 Military Police Town Pa- trol: Part I--Foot Pa- trols. TF 19-2112 Military Police Town Pa- trol: Part II-Motor Pa- trols. TF 19-2137 Point Control of Traffic. TF 19-2287 Apprehension and Search of Persons. TF 19-2442 Suspects and Witnesses: Part I-Basic Interviews. TF 19-2443 Suspects and Witnesses: Part II - Complainants and Hostile Witnesses. TF 19-2444 Suspects and Witnesses: Part III - Interrogating Suspects. FS 19-2 Police Riot Club. FS 19-9 Fingerprinting and Finger- print Examination. FS 19-10 Fingerprint Lifting. GF 19-30 Riot Control Formations: Part I - Squad Forma- tions.

174 TAGO 6669c GF 19-31 Riot Control Formations: Part II - Platoon and Company Formations. GF 19-32 Riot Control Formations: Part III - Vehicles and Foot Troops. MF 19-7546 Your Army in Disaster Re- lief. MF 19-8509 The Traffic Officer in Court. FB 19-287 The Military Police Story. 6. Others Manual for Courts-Martial,United States, 1951. STANAG Straggler Control. The Army Almanac.

TAGO 6569C 175 INDEX

Paragraphs Page Accessories, white, military police_ 13gl 18 Adjudged prisoner .-...... 105b(3) 114 Administrative Office of the United States Courts ------18d 26 Air: Force ______------___-_-_ 17c 23 Movement of military prison- ers ------107d 131 Patrols -...... 39c 50 Alphabet, phonetic .------121 166 Appearance -.------11, 74a 16, 96 Apprehension: Aids to identifying suspects._ 48 56 Approach: Estimate of the situation_ 49a 57 Plan of operation ------49b 58 To a building -- _-_------49e 61 To a group ---- _------49d 59 To a vehicle .------49f 63 To an individual _------49c 59 Authority .-...... 27 34 Citizen arrest in the United States .-...... 28 ...... 35 Females …-.------58a 84 General .-...... 16 55 Questioning before ...... 50 63 Use of force .-...... 53 66 Use of hand irons --__ .._ 54 . ..73 Voice commands ------51 63 When .-...... 47 55 Approach .-...... 49 57 A reas, authority _._._._ . _ .. 26 32 Arm guide .-...... 115a 153

176 TA;GO 6569C Paragrarhs Page Armed Forces: Agencies: Air Force ----_------17c 23 Coast Guard .------17d 23 Counter Intelligence Corps 17e 23 Marine Corps .------17b 22 Navy . ..------17a 22 Police Detachment _-__-_____ 17f 23 Police Report ------73 96 Arrest, citizen ...... 28 35 Assisting military police criminal investigators: Apprehending offender ------67c 91 Protecting the crime scene __ 67a 90 Recording information ------67d 91 Rendering first aid ------67b 91 Reporting information _.----- 67e 91 Attributes ------10k 15 Authority: Basis ___._._------25 31 Definition ------25 31 Limitations _------30 38 Over areas _._-----.------26 32 Over persons .------26 32 To apprehend .------27 34 To search .------29 35 To seize ------29 35 Barracks, discipilinary ------15e(2) 21 Basis of authority ------25 31 Belt, leather .------13e 17 Black-marketing, suppression ---- 44d 54 Blotter, military police --__------57b 83 Brassard, military police --______13a 17 Building, approach . ..-...... - 49e 61 Bureau: Of Customs .-----.------18b(2) 25 Of Narcotics ------18b(3) 25 Cages, prisoner-of-war ------15d(2) 20

TAGO 6569C 177 Paragra.hs Page Call signs ------_____...... __ 119 165 Camps, prisoner-of-war _-_------15d(3) 21 Categories of stragglers ___-.- -__ 82 99 Choke, defense against _ _.------113a 142 Circulation control __-_- __ _ .88 .. 103 Citizen arrest in the United States 28 35 Civil jurisdiction -_-_____-__-_ 23 30 Civilian internees _------.----- 92 104 Club, military police __-_-----__. .13d, 53c 17, 66 Coast Guard -.------_-_ 17d 23 Collecting: Points, prisoner-of-war __--_.__ 15d(1) 20 Points, straggler ._-_…._____... 15c 20 Stragglers -- __-_-_-______--- 86 102 Come-along holds: Arm guide ___-_-_-- ______._ 115a 153 Finger come-along ---.------115d 160 Hammerlock ---- _-__-_--____ 115c 157 With club _____.-_-_--.---- 53c(3) (b) 68 Wrist come-along -______--___ 115b 155 Commander, military police unit__ 7 9 Communications: Call signs .------119 165 Means ___-_--- ____------117 163 Need -______116 163 Phonetic alphabet .------121 166 Radio transmission signals ___ 120 165 Security -.______._-___-__ 118 163 Compliance, promotion __------__ 32 42 Concurrent jurisdiction __------_ 24 30 Conduct ______-__.------10 12 Confinement: Definition ______.__------_-.- 61 85 Escape, attempting __-._____- 106e 117 Female prisoners .- l------___108c 140 Corrections, on-the-spot __._._____ 32b 42 Counter Intelligence Corps -______17e 23 County law enforcement agencies__ 19b 27

178 TAGO 6569C Paragraphs Page Court, witness in. (See Witness.)_ Crime prevention: Activities _-____-_----.----- 43 52 Reporting observations ------45 55 Vice suppression .------44 53 Criss-cross strangle hold ------53c(3) (a) 67 Crossed pistols insignia ___-___- __ 4 7 Crowd __--___-______l__- _____- 100d 109 Custody Grade: Maximum -_-.__.___-___ 105c(3) 115 Medium ------105c(2) 115 Minimum ------105c(1) 115 Protective _------__.__-____ 34c 45 Damage control .------103 111 Defense measures. (See Unarmed defense.) _.______------Deportment, in court -- _------75 06 Descriptions, personal ---- _----- 48b (2) 57 Desk reference cards -.------48b(1),57b 57,83 Detained prisoner ------105b(1) 114 Detecting stragglers .------85 100 Detention: Females _------_5------58c 84 For questioning ______…__-___ 52 65 Temporary -- _._.___------57 83 Disaster: Damage control ___-__ ._____. 103 111 Definition ------100b 109 Emergency actions ------104 112 Relief… ___------102 111 Disciplinary barracks ___…__--____ 15e(2) 21 Displaced person . .------93a(1) 104 Disposition: Persons in custody ------566b 82 Stragglers __…-___-______87 102 Disturbances: Control ______----___-___-_ _ 101 110 Definition -______.__._-____ 100a 108

TAGO 6569C 179 Paragraphs Page Duties, military police . __ So..8r 11 Emergency actions ------104 112 Entrapment .-...... 30b 40 Equipment, military police .. 13 . ...17 Escape, attempting ------106e 117 Escort, females __------58c 84 Evidence ------69 92 Executions, military prisoners ---- 109 140 Facilities: Military prisoners .------15e 21 Operational .------15 19 Temporary detention ------57a 83 Federal agencies-nonmilitary: Administrative Office of the United States Courts ------18d 26 Department of Justice _-__-__ Federal Bureau of Investi- gation _--__--_---- 18a (1) 23 Immigration and Naturaliza- tion Service .------18a(2) 24 United States Marshals ---- 18a(3) 24 Department of the Treasury: Bureau of Customs .------18b(2) 25 Bureau of Narcotics ------18b(3) 25 Internal Revenue Service -_ 18b(4) 26 United States Secret Service 18b(1) 24 Post Office Department ------18c 26 Federal Bureau of Investigation __ 1Sa(1) 23 Females; Apprehension .------58a 84 Detention .------.58c 84 Escort _----______--_ 58c 84 Prisoners -_____--__-____- 108 139 Search ___-_-_------58b 84 Finger come-along .------115d 160 Fingerprints- .------481,(4) 57 Firearms: Military police __-_-_-_e..--- 13c 17

180 TAGO 6569C Paragraphs Page Firearms-Continued Unarmed defense measures -- 113 150 Use ______----_____-_____.-- 53d 70 First aid …-______--______34b, 67b 44,91 Fixed posts _…____------______41 52 Foot: Movement of military prisoners 107a 119 Patrols ------37 46 Force, use …______------_------53 66 Frisk search _…--___--__.__.___-_ 55a 77 Front headlock .------1136(2) 143 Functions, military police ------2b 4 Gambling, suppression .------44c 54 Government property, protecting__ 98 107 Group, approach .------49d 59 Guarding military prisoners _----_ 106 116 Guide, arm __---____-_-__- _____. 115a 153 Hammerlock ------115e 157 Hand irons ------13h, 54 18, 73 Hip throw .------_ 114al- 151 History, Military Police C-rps --_ 3 4 Hot pursuit, lawful entry .. _ . 29b 35 Identification of suspects, aids ---- 48 5' Immigration and Naturalization Service ------18a(2) 24 Incident: Investigation .------68 92 Reports …------48b(1), 57b,65 57,83,89 Individual: Approach .------49c 59 Circulation control ------88 103 Information: Release ------67e 91 Sources .------62 86 Insignia .------4 7 Internal Revenue Service _-_ . ....18b(4) 26 Internee, civilian .------92 104 Interrogations ____--___ ------70c 95

TAGO 6569C 181 Paragraphs Page Interviews .------70b 94 Investigating incidents: Evidence .------69 92 Making an apprehension ----- 72 95 Preparing report --_ _------_ 73 96 Questioning persons: Interrogations ------70c 95 Interviews ------70b 94 Treatment ______.----- 70a 94 Taking written statements -__ 71 95 Jurisdiction: Civil ______--______-__ _23 30 Concurrent .------24 30 Definition ----_____ -______20 28 Judicial .------22 29 Military _.------__----__ 21 28 Knife, defense measure --___.__-_ 113d 150 Law of war -- _---.---- __-----_- 21c(2) 28 Leather belt ___…--______..____.. 13e 17 Limitations, authority ------30 38 Marine Corps ------_----- 17b 22 Martial rule _-_-_-____-____..___ 21c(4) 29 Maximum custody .------105c(3) 115 Means of communication ------117 163 Medium custody ------105c(2) 115 Mental attributes _-.- -__-_____-_ 10k 15 Military: Government ------21c(3) 29 Jurisdiction ------21 28 Law ------_ 21c(1) 28 Orders and regulations- - . . 21c(5) 29 Policeman __------____._ __ 8 11 Military police: Appearance_-_____-____. 11 ... 16 Attributes _-____-- ____..... 10k 15 Blotter __b...... _.... .-- 57b 83 Brassard .-...... _ 13a 17

182 TAGO 6569C Paragraphs Page Military Police-Continued Club …_-______13d, 53c 17, 66 Duties ___...... ______&a,31 11, 42 Equipment ______-___------13 17 Firearms …_…____-_... 13c ...... 17 Fixed posts …...... -----41 52 Functions -______2b 4 Leather belt .------13ee--- 17 Notebook ______-_____ 13b, 63,77 17, 87,97 Operational facilities _ …______15 19 Organizations ___…_....------14 18 Patrols: Air .------39c 50 Foot …------37 46 General ____---_------36 45 Motor- .------38 47 Train and terminal .----- 39a 49 Water .------39b 49 Performance ------8 11 Public relations …------33 44 Services __------.-- 34 44 Standards ___-______10 12 Station ------15a 19 Traffic control. (See Traffic control.) Uniform .------12 16 Unit commander .------7 9 Whistle …______--_____13f 18 White accessories ------13g 18 Military Police Corps: History .------3 4 Insignia _____.------4 7 Role .------2a 4 Military prisoners: Aajudged prisoner . .-...------105b(3) 114 Attempting to escape …------106c 117 Custody grade ----.------105c 115 Definition _.------105a 114 Detained prisoner …------1056b(1) 114 Executions _-____.------109 140

TACO 6519C 183 Paragraphs Page Military Prisoners-Continued Facilities ------15e 21 Females: Confinement ----______108e 140 Movement __---__------108a 139 Treatment .-...... ------108b 139 Guarding ______.--- 106 116 Movement: By air ---______107d 131 By foot .------107a 119 By motor vehicle __------107b 120 By rail ______--___-__-_ 107c 126 By ship -______-- ____- - 107e 135 Personal effects --___-_O___ 107f 139 Officer prisoner _ .…_____…__._.105b (2) 114 Sentenced prisoner --.------105b(4) 115 Minimum custody _----___-.----- 105c(l) 115 Mob 100e 109 Moral: Attributes ____-.___ _.__... 101k 15 Restraint ------60 85 Motor patrols ----_------_------38 47 Movement: Female prisoners .---- 108__a 139 Military prisoners _-_------107 119 Municipal law enforcement agencies 19c 27 Narcotics, suppression of ------44b 54 Navy .------17a 22 Notebook, military police _ .--- 131b. 63, 77 17. S7:97 Officer prisoner . ...-...... 105b(2) 114 On-the-spot corrections ------32b 42 Operational facilities: For military prisoners: Disciplinary barracks --- 15 (2) 21 Rehabilitation center ---- 15e(3) 22 Stockade .- ...... 15c(1) . 21 For prisoners of war: Cages .-... 15d(2)l.Sd . 20 Camps _15-d(3).-. .... 21

184 TAGO 6569C Paragraphs Page Operational Facilities-Continued For prisoners of war: Collecting points ------15d(1) 20 For stragglers: Collecting points ------15c 20 Posts ------15c 20 Military police station ------15a 19 Traffic control posts ------15b 20 Traffic patrols -.------15b 20 Organizations, military police ---- 14 18 Patrolling: With civil police .------40a 50 With personnel of other mili- tary services ----. ------40b 51 With personnel of other nations 40c 51 Patrols: Air ------39c 50 Foot_------7 46 General .------___ 36 45 Motor -.------.38 47 Physical security .------96 105 Terminal _------39a 49 Traffic --- _-_-_-_------15b 20 Train _-__------.- 39a 49 Water __------39b 49 Persons: Authority __--_-__------26 32 Civilian internees ------92 104 Displaced ----.------93a(i) 104 In custody: Disposition ------56b 82 Rights while questioned __ 59 84 Search ------55 75 Transportation ------56a 82 Prisoners of war ------90 104 Protecting ------97 106 Questioning ------70 94 Refugees ------93a(2) 105 Retained ------91 104

rAAGO 6569C 185 Paragraphs Page Phonetic alphabet ___--.------_ 121 166 Physical security: Definition .------94 105 Means .-...... 96 105 Patrols ------96 105 Plan of operation .------49b 58 Police detachments, Armed Forces_ 17f 23 Posse Comitatus Act --- _------3 0a 40 Post Office Department --___-__-_ 18c 25 Posts: Fixed .------_ 41 52 Straggler .------15c, 83 20,99 Traffic control ------156, 80 20, 98 Principles, unarmed defense ------112 141 Prisoners: Military. (See Military Prison- ers.) Of war: Cages .------15d(2) 20 Camps .------15d(3) 21 Collecting points __-_.___ 15d(1) 20 Definition -.------90 104 Private property, protecting ----- 99 108 Property seizure, authorized ------29d 38 Prostitution, suppression _.---- 44a 53 Protecting: Government property -_-_-. __ 08 107 Persons .------97 106 Private property .------99 108 Protective: Custody _.--_-__--_-__.___ __ 34c 45 Throws: Hip ----- ____--__.- -___ 114a 151 Shoulder ------114b 151 Provost marshal .------6 9 Provost Marshal General, The -__ 5 9 Public relations, military police _ 33_ 44 Questioning: Before apprehension ------50 63

186 TAGO 6569C Paragraphs Page Questioning-Continued Detention ___-______-.__-___ 52 65 Interrogations .------70c 95 Interviews… ------70b 94 Rights of persons questioned in custody .------59 84 Treatment .------70a 94 Radio: Call signs ------119 165 Security ------118 163 Transmission signals ------120 165 Rail movement of military prison- ers ------107c 126 Refugees _…-______.______93a(2) 105 Rehabilitation center _____-______15e(3) 22 Release of evidence .------69b 92 Relief, disaster ------102 111 Reports; Armed Forces Police -___.___ 73 96 Incident _-____.______48b(1),57b 57,83 Preparation -- ______-____ 65,73 89, 96 Purpose ___-______-____ 34 89 Sources of information ------62 86 Restraint: Apprehension. (See Apprehen- sion.) Confinement __--______61 85 Moral ______.------60 85 Use of force _-_____-____ 53 66 Use of hand irons ------54 73 Retained personnel __-______91 104 Rights of persons questioned in custody ______-____ 59 84 Riot ______-____ 100c 109 Scene of incident: Approach ______.------__ 49 57 Protecting .------67a 90 Searchl Authority ______.------29 35

TAGO 6569C 187 Paragraphs Page Search-Continued Females ..-. . 58b...... 84 Frisk ____--_------_ 55a 77 Limitations _____…_--- ____. 30c 41 Of more than one suspect ---- 55c 80 Of persons in custody ------55 75 Strip __-______- ---___ __ 55d 80 W all ------55b 77 Security, communications _-_----_ 118 163 Seize, authority ------29 35 Sentenced prisoner ------105b (4) 115 Services, military police ------34 44 Ship movement of military prison- ers _--_--______---- 107e 135 Shoulder throw .------114b 151 Side headlock ___-___.______-U113b(1) _ 143 Signals, radio transmission ------120 165 Sketches ------48b(3) 57 Sources of information ------62 86 Standards, military police ------10 12 State law enforcement agencies __ 19a 26 Statements, written _ __-----.--- 71 95 Station, military police -_-- -_ 15a 19 Stockade ------15e(1) 21 Stragglers: Categories __-__.------82 99 Collecting ------_-_-_-_____- 86 102 Collecting points ------15c 20 Control operations ------83 99 Definition .-...... 81 98 Detection ------85 100 Disposition ….-___....___-__ 87 102 Equipment at posts ------84 100 Posts …------…------15c, 83 20, 99 Strangle hold, criss-cross .------53c(3) (a) 67 Strip search ______._.-. . ...55d 80 Suppression: Black-marketing .------44d 54 Gambling .------_-_ 44c 54 Narcotics ...... 44b ...... 54

188 TAGO 6569C Paragraphs Page Suppression-Continued Prostitution .------44a 53 Vice… ------__--_-- ___--- 44 53 Suspects, aids to identification ___ 48 56 Telephone security .-...... 118b (2) 165 Temporary detention: Facilities ___.------57a 83 Records and reports ------57b 83 Terminal patrols .------39a 49 Testifying in court ------76 97 The Provost Marshal General ---- 5 9 Throws, protective ------114 150 Traffic: Control: Definition .------78 97 Military policeman's duties 80 98 Need .------79 98 Posts .------15b, 80 20, 98 Patrols ------15b 20 Train patrols _-_.------39a 49 Training, unarmed defense ------111 141 Transmission security ------1185 164 Transporting persons in custody 56a 82 Treatment: Civilian internees ------89 103 Displaced persons ------93b 105 Female prisoners _____------108b 139 Persons being questioned ---- 70a 94 Prisoners of war .------89 103 Refugees _-- ___-_-_-_------_ 93b 105 Retained personnel ------J91 104 Unar'med defense: Against a knife .- l------113d 150 Against chokes ------113a 142 Against firearms _----- 113c 150 Against wrestling holds ----- 113b 142 Basic principles ------112 141 Come-along holds ------115 153

TACO 6569C 189 Paragraphs Pae, Unarmed Defense-Continued Protective throws _ …___…--___114 150 Training __-____..______... 111 141 Uniform ____…-- -_____-___._____ 12 16 Unit commander, military police _ 7 9 United States: Marshals ------18a(3) 24 Secret Service -. -____-___-- 18b(1) 24 Use: Force: Amount -______53a...... 6C( Firearms ___-.. . .a______53d 70 Military police club .. __ 53c 66 Unarmed defense - -__.__ 53b 66 Hand irons ------54 73 Notebook __…--______-_._____ 63 87 Vehicle, approach to __-___-.---- 49f 63 Vice suppression ____.------__ 44 53 Voice commands .------51 63 Wall search -_____-----___-___ 55b 77 Water patrols ------_ - 39b 49 Wedge defense .------113a (2) 142 Whistle -_-_-_-______-- _--__ 13f 18 White accessories -.------__-_--- 13g 18 Windmill defense ------_-_-.__ 113a (1) 142 Witness in court: Appearance .------____--___ 74 a 96 Deportment .. __.___...... 75 96 Manner of testifying -__----_ 76 97 Preparation ____.------__ 74 96 Use of notebook ------__ 77 97 Wrestling hold, defense against -_ 113b 143 Wrist come-along .------_--- 115b 155 Written statements ---- _------_ 71 95

190 TAGO 6569C [AG 353 (6 May 59)] By Order of Wilber M. Brucker, Secretary of the Army:

L. L. LEMNITZER, General, United States Army, Official: Chief of Staff. R. V. LEE, Major General, United States Army, The Adjutant General.

Distributions Active Army: OSD (2) Div (5) TPMG (2) Regt/Gp/bg (2) TJAG (2) Sep Bn (1) TAG (XO) (2) MP Bn (3) Tech Stf, DA (2) MP Co (5) Tech Stf Bd (2) MP Det (5) TAG Bd, USA (2) USACGSC (50) MP Bd (2) USAWC (20) USCONARC (10) Br Svc Sch (20) except OS Maj Comd (5) PMGS (3000) OS Base Comd (2) USATSCH (50) MDW (5) USAINTS (20) Armies (5) except PMST Sr Div MP Units (1) First USA (7) Instl (2) Corps (2) NG: State AG (3); units-same as Active Army except allowance is one copy to each unit. USAR: Same as Active Army except allowance is one copy to each unit. For explanation of abbreviations used, see AR 320-50.

U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTUNG OFFICE: 1960 0-521094 (3Z99C)

TAGO 6569C 191 FM 19-5 *C1

FIELD MANUAL THE MILITARY POLICEMAN

FM 19-5 HEADQUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY CHANGES NO. 1 WASHINGTON 25, D.C., 14 August 1963 FM 19-5, 7 July 1959, is changed as follows: 1. Purpose and Scope

b. This manual sets * * * duties, and equip- ment. It also discusses military police station or- ganization planning operations, special operations and records. Other-agencies, military * * * duties are discussed.

d. (Added) Users of this manual are encour- aged to submit recommended changes or com- ments to improve the manual. Comments should be keyed to the specific page, paragraph, and line of the text to which the change is recommended. 'Reasons should be provided for each comment to insure understanding and complete evaluation. Comments should be forwarded direct to the Commandant, United States Army Military Po- lice School, Fort Gordon, Ga.

* Ihese chonges supersede chapters 1, 2, 4, and 8, FM 19-10, 24 January 1955.

TAGO 5316C 5. The Provost Marshal General (Superseded) The Provost Marshal General, under the gen- eral staff supervision of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Personnel, has Army staff responsibility for the broad functions of protective services, pre- serving law and order, and of crime prevention applicable Army-wide. a. He has staff responsibility for- (1) Provost marshal and military police ac- tivities. (2) Criminal investigations and crime pre- vention, to include accreditation of criminal investigators. (3) Preservation of order and law enforce- ment. (4) Motor vehicle accident investigation, traffic control, and traffic law enforce- ment. (5) Apprehension of absentees. (6) Physical security. (7) Implementation of industrial defense ac- tivities. (8) The Army Correction Program, to in- clude restoration, clemency, and parole for military prisoners. (9) Prisoners of war and civilian internees. b. He maintains liaison with Federal and State agencies in law enforcement and criminal matters affecting the Department of the Army.

2 AGO 5316C c. He commands personnel, organizations, and facilities, as assigned. 15. Operational Facilities a. Military Police Station. A military police * * going off duty. Personnel in the military police station normally include a duty officer, desk sergeant, desk clerk, radio operator, patrol super- visor, turnkey, investigators, and a ready reserve. A military police * * * the unit headquarters.

c. Straggler Control. (Superseded) In combat areas traffic control posts, information posts, and military police motor patrols all perform the ad- ditional function of straggler control. d. Prisoner-of-WarFacilities (FM 19-40). (1) Collecting Points. (Superseded) Collect- ing points are designated localities in frontline areas where prisoners of war are assembled, pending local examina- tion for information of immediate tacti- cal value and subsequent evacuation. The division military police company may operate only one or several PW collect- ing points, as required. In many situa- tions, one central collecting point is sufficient. When the tactical situation indicates the need and when platoons of the division military police company are providing general support to committed brigades, forward collecting points may be established at brigade level.

AGO 5316C 3 f. Civilian Internee Collecting Points. (Added) The division military police company establishes and operates a civilian internee collecting point when required. This facility, when established, is normally operated by the same military police platoon which operates the central division PW collecting point, the division straggler collecting point, and the temporary detention facility for military prisoners.

25. Basis of Authority Authority is the * * * the Armed Forces. With respect to apprehension, see article 7 of the Uni- form Code of Military Justice, AR 633-1, and chapter V of the Manual for Courts-Martial, United States, 1951. Military police will * * * duties more effectively.

26. Authority Over Persons and Areas

d. In areas within military jurisdiction, mili- tary police in proper cases may take into custody persons whether or not they are in the military service (AR 633-1).

* * * * *

27. Authority to Apprehend (Superseded) Your authority to apprehend is inherent in customary police authority and is specified in

4 AGO 53160 paragraph 19, Manual for Courts-martial, and AR 633-1. It is within the scope of your au- thority over persons. 28. Citizen Arrest in the United States

* * * * * b. You may exercise * * * a private person. However, you should remember that use of exces- sive force in pursuit of a citizen's arrest may sub- ject you to civil liability. Also remember that the laws of the various states differ with respect to citizen's arrest. You should become acquainted with the laws of the state in which you are located. 30. Limitations of Authority Military police must * * * limitations of au- thority: a. Posse Comitatus Act. This act prohibits * * * (70 A Stat. 626, 18 U. S. C. 1385.)

* * * * * (2) The Posse Comitatus * * * (AR 500-50 and AR 500-60). This act is not appli- cable in foreign countries.

34. Services Military police assistance * * * the Armed Forces.

c. Protective Custody. Military police assist persons subject to military jurisdiction who are

AGO 6316C 5 in need of aid or assistance. A report of * * * to military jurisdiction-

52. Detention for Questioning

b. Civilians on Military Installations Within the Continental United States. Military Police may * * * a military vehicle. In this case, he may be detained and questioned concerning the acci- dent (AR 633-1 and AR 632-380). 55. Search of Persons in Custody Persons apprehended are normally searched immediately for weapons. (See par. 58 as to female personnel.) It is during * * * disposition is made. If it is necessary to draw the pistol during a search, the covering military policeman never touches his weapon against the individual being searched. The initial search (frisk search, wall search, or both) is precautionary in nature. A thorough search (strip search) may be conducted when the suspect has been transported to a place of detention.

61. Confinement Confinement is the * * * of a person.

c. Any person other than an officer who, under authority of an officer pursuant to the UCMJ, article 9b, places an enlisted person in arrest or confinement will, without delay, report such ac-

6 AGO 5316C tion to his own immediate commanding officer, who in turn will, without delay, notify the immedi- ate commanding officer of the person arrested or confined of such action (AR 633-1).

70. Questioning Persons

b. Interviews. Persons who willingly volunteer information concerning an accident will be inter- viewed. When conducting an * * * smell, and touch. The interview should be conducted either at the scene of the incident or in a place which is familiar to the person being interviewed. Favor- able surroundings will tend to make persons being interviewed talk freely and to disclose all that is known about the matter in question. c. Interrogations. Persons who are * * * inci- dent being investigated. Interrogations should normally be conducted in a special room desig- nated for this purpose in the military police sta- tion where recordings may be made or steno- graphic notes may be taken. 83. Straggler Operations a. (Superseded) Straggler control is a basic function performed by all military police patrols and posts in conjunction with their other duties. Where considered essential because of the situa- tion, or in allied operations in accordance with STANAG 2067, special straggler control posts may be established. Each commander is respon- sible for straggler control within his own area.

AGO 5316C 7 b. Military police straggler control is normally exercised along main routes, principal defiles, and other natural lines of drift. In a beachhead * * * chain of evacuation. c. (Superseded) Special straggler control posts, when required, are located at critical points such as on the line of the axis of an advancing brigade or the natural route of evacuation of the area of a nuclear blast.

* * * * * 88. Control of Circulation of Individuals

e. (Added) Military police operations with re- gard to circulation control should be closely coor- dinated with civil affairs and counterintelligence operations. 94. Definition (Superseded) Physical security is that element of security which results from physical measures taken to safeguard equipment, materiel, documents, and personnel. 96. Security Patrols in Hostile Areas (Superseded) In hostile areas, military police patrols are ideally suited by training, mission, and relation- ship with the local indigenous police forces for employment against guerrillas and enemy troops who have infiltrated friendly positions. The prin- ciples, methods, and techniques used against these groups are discussed in FM 31-15. a AGO s316C 116. Need for Communications A reliable system * * * or immediate reporting. In order that military police may communicate over the entire area of their responsibility, they must have a comprehensive knowledge of all the facilities available to them. If they are to use these facilities, they must be thoroughly trained in standardized methods and procedures. 117. Means Wire (telephone, telegraph, * * * amateur radio services. Further details in respect to means of military police communications are outlined below. a. Wire Communications. (Added) (1) The use of wire in military police com- munication is not only desirable but also, under certain conditions, necessary. During periods of radio silence or enemy jamming activities, wire may become the primary means of communications. In rear areas, where there is a heavy load of administrative and logistical traffic, wire can be employed to a great advantage. Wire communication should be used in any situation where time and security permits its installation. Wire nets re- quire more time to establish, are not as flexible, and are susceptible to disrup- tion by enemy fire, guerrilla action, and by friendly troops and vehicular move- ment; however, wire net are generally more secure and more reliable than are radio nets,

AGO 95316C 9 (2) Telephones have the advantage of not requiring specially trained personnel for their use. (3) The military police station should be connected with other command agencies and headquarters by telephone. (4) Where the telephone communications fa- cilities utilized by the U. S. Army are an integral part of the commercial net- work, military police use such facilities. Where the U. S. Army maintains its own telephone communications network, mili- tary police requirements are an integral part of this system; however, opera- tional circumstances may require that arrangements be made locally to link military police units or provost marshal offices to their civilian counterparts op- erating with commercial telephone fa- cilities. Also, local arrangements may be made to enable military police to use civil police call boxes where such boxes are installed. The list of emergency num- bers disseminated in a command should include military police stations. (5) Commercial telegraph facilities may be used by military police when military communications are not available, and when long distance telephone, radio, or postal service is not suitable. b. Radio Communication. (Added) (1) Radio is the primary means of communi- cation within and between units. The

10 AGO 5316C extensive use of radio within military police organizations makes it necessary for all military police personnel to have a general understanding of the capabili- ties, limitations, and peculiarities of radio communications. (2) Most of the radios in military police units are frequency modulated voice radio sets. Only voice communication can give the quick transmission, quick- response type of communication neces- sary for command and control of highly mobile patrols. Another important rea- son for the use of voice FM radio is the comparative ease of training military policemen to use the equipment. (3) All military police personnel must know the proper employment of radio nets and procedures for the operation of these nets. Lack of such knowledge will often result in unnecessary transmissions and security violations which may cause the loss of many lives. (4) The problems of communication within and between the many units of the Army would be insurmountable if each unit were permitted to devise and use its own operating procedure. To preclude this im- possible condition the Army has docu- ments published and distributed to all concerned organizations to outline cor- rect procedures and to provide for ad-

AGO 5316C 11 herence to them. In most cases, this information is contained in Allied Com- munications Publications (ACP and/or Joint Army-Navy-Air Force Publica- tions (JANAP)). These publications can be drawn through Adjutant General channels. (5) Radio circuits can be placed in operation quicker than wire circuits. Additional advantages are mobility and continuous operation. Limitations of radio circuits such as uncertainty of security, low- message-handling capacity, and possible interference from enemy or friendly sta- tions, may be offset by security measures and operating procedures. The range and reliability of radio communications depend upon the frequency, power, and * location of the transmitter and receiver; the terrain; the atmosphere; the tech- nical proficiency of operating personnel; and similar factors. Radio is a principal means of communication in a fluid situa- tion, but it should be supplemented by a wire system as soon as possible. (6) The military police station should be equipped with at least a 50-watt net control set, called a base station, that is capable of sending mesages to, and re- ceiving mesages from, all its radio- equipped patrols. The base station may be mounted in a vehicle and a mobile generator provided for a power source.

12 AGO 5316C (7) Although patrols may operate beyond the effective two-way range of their vehicle radios, they may be able to re- ceive communications from a more powerful base radio station. Intermedi- ate radio relay stations may be employed for maintaining two-way communica- tions in such a situation. The location of base or relay stations on high terrain with antenna equipment may increase the range of frequency modulated radios beyond their normal capabilities. The relaying of radio messages, however, normally decreases the amount of traffic that can be handled by a net. Messengers or other means of communications should be used to supplement radios dur- ing operations over extended distances. (8) Maximum efficiency of frequency modu- lated radios, mobile or fixed, is obtained when they are operated from hill tops and areas free from wires or metallic masses which tend to absorb their radia- tion. (9) The use of commerical broadcasting fa- cilities by military police is usually lim- ited to a serious emergency, such as a disaster or catastrophe. However, under some conditions, the provost marshal or the officer in charge of a military police station may request commercial radio broadcasts of messages of public interest.

AGO 6316C 13 (10) When transmitters of the Military Affili- ated Radio System (MARS) are avail- able, military police may use these facili- ties in a major disaster in the same manner as commercial radio stations (AR 105-70). c. Messengers. (Added) Messengers may be used for the delivery of low-precedence messages that would otherwise overload electrical facilities, when wire and radio communications are imprac- ticable, when equipment breaks down, and for the delivery of bulky material. Military police use messengers both as an emergency means of com- munications and as a regular established service. Messengers are the most secure means of com- munication. d. Taxicab Communications. (Added) In the United States, taxicabs may be equipped with radio transmitting and receiving sets. When proper arrangements have been made, and in emergencies, military police may send and receive messages through a taxicab communications sys- tem. The procedure is usually the following: the military policeman requests the taxicab driver to dispatch a message to his base station; the taxi- cab base station operator then relays the message by telephone to the military police station. In a similar manner, a taxicab telephone call box may be used by a military policeman in an emergency. 118. Communications Security Communications security is * * * required dur- ing combat.

14 AGO 5316C b. Transmission Security. Transmission secur- ity consists * * * prior to transmission.

(3) Classified messages. (Added) Military police units may be authorized crypto- graphic devices. These devices are capa- ble of enciphering and deciphering traf- fic up to and including TOP SECRET. However, when a military police unit is operating near a signal unit it should take advantage of the signal facilities provided.

122. Procedure Words (Added) Procedure words (prowords) are words or phrases that have been assigned definite mean- ings. These words are as concise as possible to indicate an idea which would take a longer num- ber of words to explain. For example, the pro- word "Roger" means "I have received your last transmission satisfactorily." Here you have one short word replacing a rather long expression. Prowords are used quite extensively in radio net operation, and because of their conciseness, they save you a great amount of radio time on the air (TB SIG 555-14). Some of the most commonly used prowords and their meanings are listed below.

Prowordl Meanbin THIS IS This transmission is from the sta- tion whose designation immedi- ately follows.

AGO 6316C 15 Proword Meaning OVER This is the end of my transmission to you and a response is neces- sary. Go ahead; transmit. OUT This is the end of my transmission to you and no answer is required or expected. GROUPS This message contains the number of groups indicated by the nu- meral following. TIME That which immediately follows is the time or date-time group of this message. BREAK I hereby indicate the separation of the text from other portions of the message. To be used when there is no clear distinction be- tween the text and other portions of the message. SAY AGAIN Say again all of your last trans- mission. I SAY AGAIN I am repeating transmission or portion indicated. ALL AFTER The portion of the message to which I have reference is all that which follows.... ALL BEFORE The portion of the message to which I have reference is all that which precedes.... WORD AFTER The word of the message to which I have reference is that which follows .... WORD BEFORE The word of the message to which I have reference is that which precedes .... I SPELL I shall spell the next word phoneti- cally. WAIT I must pause for a few seconds. 16 AGO 5316C Prowrd Meaning WAIT OUT I must pause longer than a few seconds. WILCO I have received your message, understand it, and will comply. ROGER I have received your last trans- mission satisfactorily. CORRECTION An error has been made in this transmission (or message indi- cated). The correct version is .... WRONG Your last transmission was in- correct. The correct version is .... THAT IS CORRECT You are correct, or what you have transmitted is correct. 123. Facsimile (Added) It may be desirable to transmit graphic mate- rial between military police personnel or units. Certain military police units are equipped with facsimile transceivers which are capable of trans- mitting typewritten, printed, and handwritten messages of limited size over tactical wire and radio circuits. When not available within unit authorizations, this type support may be provided by certain signal centers. 124. Signal Supply (Added) A very important aspect of efficient communi- tions is an adequate system of signal supply. A complete understanding of the supply system and a vigorous program of personal attention to it is essential to good communication. Continuing at-

AGO 5816C 17 tention to stock levels, usage rates, and requisi- tion followup procedure is required. Constant scrutiny by military police supervisors is re- quired. Signal supplies are of the sensitive clas- sification due to their interchangeability with like civilian components and for this reason very sus- ceptible to pilferage. Storage areas for this mate- rial should be separate from general supply and should be under the direct control of communica- tion personnel.

125. The Army Area Communication System (Added) a. The Army area communication system is a concept of military communications with empha- sis on dispersion, mobility, and flexibility. The area signal centers are located to facilitate alter- nate routing and provide easy access to users. All military units and installations within the Army area may be users of the area communication system. b. These area facilities and services are pro- vided for both sole-user and common-user use. The military policeman operating in an area where these facilities are available may patch in through the Army area signal centers. Each Army area signal center provides radio relay, cable trunk, and local field wire circuits to using units in the area. Other area facilities and serv- ices which may be utilized by the military police- man include the following: (1) Telephone service, message center, tele- typewriter and cryptographic service.

18 AGO s6816 (2) Telephone and teletypewriter patching and switching. (3) Signal equipment repair, if beyond or- ganizational repair capability. (4) Radio/wire integration service. e. Military police units should plan to take full advantage of these common-user facilities. Be- cause of the extensive use of FM radio in military police units, particular attention should be di- rected to the radio/wire integration facility. Radio/wire integration gives additional flexibility to military police communications usage. For ex- ample, radio-equipped patrol vehicles can contact their headquarters via radio-telephone integra- tion, and vice versa.

AGO 5316C 19 Chapter 8 MILITARY POLICE STATION ORGANIZATION (Added)

Section I. GENERAL 126. Military Police Stations a. Military police units performing general po- lice functions normally establish military police stations to facilitate the direction and control of their police operations. A military police station is the center of activity for enforcement, traffic control, circulation control, and similar general police services that can be performed by military police foot and motor patrols. A military police unit may operate several military police stations when distance, amount of activity, or different missions require such action. The military police station should be located where the most effective direction and control of general police services can be maintained. In combat support operations, the military police station usually remains in the vicinity of the unit headquarters. b. The provost marshal office of a military in- stallation or similar area command will usually be located in the same building with the post mili- tary police station or at post headquarters. Staff duties as well as the need for operational control influence the assignment of personnel and the office arrangement.

20 AGO 5316C c. Military police special purpose units, such as disciplinary guard, railway security, or escort guard units, normally do not operate military police stations. 127. Selecting the Location for the Military Police Station In selecting and recommending the location of a military police station, the following should be considered: a. The mission and tactical situation where ap- plicable. b. The available facilities in civil police stations. c. The available transportation, communica- tions, and recreational facilities. d. The proximity to the center of patrol op- erations. e. The principal centers of troop concentration. f. The possible use of the station as an informa- tion center. 128. Space Requirement Space is normally provided for- a. Officer in charge and the duty officer. b. Station desk. c. Processing offenders. d. Administration of records. e. Radio communications. f. Storage of evidence and property. g. Investigators and interrogation rooms. h. Briefing room for patrols and reserves. i. Detention facility.

AGO 6316C 21 i. Public waiting room. k. Vehicle parking. i. Impounding area. m. Latrines. 129. Arrangement a. Activities that are closely related should be located as near together as possible. b. The public should have ready access to the portions of the military police stations where they have legitimate business; these areas should be clearly marked. c. The military police station desk should be centrally located and readily accessible to the public. The desk should be constructed so that the desk sergeant, when seated, will be at eye level with persons standing in front of the desk. 130. Functional Organization and Station Layout The functional organization of a military police station is illustrated in figure 21. It is applicable to stations located at military installations and in towns and cities. The schematic layout of a small military police station is illustrated in figure 22. Variations of this layout may be required because of the limitations of existing facilities and the amount and type of activities conducted at the military police station.

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24 AGO 5316C Section II. DUTIES OF MILITARY POLICE STATION PERSONNEL 131. Officer in Charge The provost marshal is responsible for the mili- tary police station. He advises the commanding officer and his staff on provost marshal and mili- tary police activities. He also exercises staff supervision over, and coordinates activities of, military police of the command. He may desig- nate as officer in charge an assistant provost marshal who is normally assisted by duty officers detailed daily from military police units. 132. Duty Officer The duty officer is the representative of the provost marshal. He performs the following gen- eral duties as well as any additional duties as- signed: a. Directs and supervises the operations of the station during his tour of duty. b. Instructs station personnel in the perform- ance of their duties. c. Inspects personnel on duty. d. Reviews cases handled by the desk sergeant. e. Handles serious cases. f. Prepares and submits required reports. 133. Desk Sergeant The desk sergeant is the noncommissioned offi- cer in charge of all station and patrol activities. The desk sergeant supervises the preparation of,

AGO 5316C 25 or performs the following general duties as well as any additional duties assigned: a. Receives and records complaints. b. Questions offenders, complainants, and wit- nesses. c. Books, searches, detains, feeds, and disposes of offenders, receipts for and secures personal effects of offenders, and prepares required re- ports. d. Maintains military police desk blotter (mili- tary police operations). e. Maintains daily staff journal (administra- tive matters). f. Maintains communications with and directs action of patrols. g. Tags and preserves evidence. h. Keeps the duty officer informed of pertinent matters. i. Maintains liaison with other military police, and with civil police and law enforcement agen- cies, as outlined in station SOP. j. Directs and cordinates patrol and investiga- tion activities except those investigation activi- ties under the direct control of the officer in charge or the provost marshal. lo. Dispatches reserves in the absence of the duty officer. I. Furnishes information, as authorized, to military personnel and the public. m. Maintains a lost and found property service.

26 AGO 6316C 134. Desk Clerk The desk clerk is the administrative assistant to the desk sergeant. He is responsible for ad- ministrative actions, maintenance of records and forms that are part of the desk sergeant's respon- sibility. 135. Radio Operators The radio operators of the communications sub- section operate the radio communications net con- trol station. They also maintain a Military Police Radio Log (DA Form 19-43) which is the official record of all military police radio traffic, and is filed chronologically by date in the provost marshal's office or the military police station which operates the radio communications' facili- ties. The radio log, as prescribed by AR 190-45, serves as a backup reference and support for the desk blotter and other reports. Therefore, it is imperative that the source, time, and substance of conversation on all routine official calls be re- corded. In the case of serious incidents, a detailed record of the transmission should be kept. 136. Patrol Supervisor The patrol supervisor, under the direction of the desk sergeant, is the noncommissioned officer in charge of patrols. In special situations, police and traffic patrol sections may be organized under separate noncommissioned officers. The patrol supervisor's duties include- a. Inspecting patrols-prior to posting, while on duty, and when relieved from duty-for con-

AGO 5316C 27 dition of uniform and equipment and for per- formance of duty. b. Instructing patrol personnel in their specific duties. c. Posting and relieving patrols. d. Insuring that orders to patrols are properly executed. e. Visiting places and areas not covered by patrols in order to observe conditions and to take any actions required. f. Recommending changes in patrol orders and areas. g. Coordinating patrol activities with the desk sergeant. h. Insuring that all information obtained by a patrol is properly reported upon completion of its tour of duty. i. Handling special assignments. 137. Turnkey The turnkey guards detained persons, and he is assisted by guards when necessary. The turnkey maintains a log to include the time of receipt of detainees; their condition, disposition; visitors and medical personnel entering the detention area; and similar pertinent data. 138. Investigators Military police engaged in the investigation of minor offenses, traffic accidents and incidents per- form their duties under the supervision of the

26 AGO 53160 duty officer and usually receive their case assign- ments from the desk sergeant. When accredited military police criminal investigators are regu- larly assigned to duty at a military police station they may be grouped together with investigators referred to above in the investigations section and perform their duties under the supervision of the duty officer.

Section III. MILITARY POLICE STATION PROCEDURES 139. Complaints a. All complaints that require military police attention are promptly recorded and processed by the desk sergeant. Complaints may be received from telephone calls, personal visits, written mes- sages, or patrol reports. b. The Military Police Report (DA Form 19- 32) is prepared on all complaints received and in- cidents observed or reported to miiltary police ex- cept routine traffic violations and those minor violations noted by military police where correc- tive action consists only of a verbal warning. The form is prepared in every case where an appre- hension is made or military person is restored to U. S. Army control from another apprehending agency. c. The report is initated immediately upon re- ceipt of information unless instant police action is required. Completing the form to the extent pos- sible when information is initially received as- sures that complaints are recorded, systematically assigned for followup, disposed of or referred, and posted to the desk blotter (AR 190-45).

AGO 53160 29 140. Information, Liaison and Coordination a. Desk personnel furnish routine information and assistance to military and civilian personnel and to the public in accordance with the standing operating procedure issued by the provost mar- shal. Information is normally provided with regard to such matters as the location of points of military interest, the location of transportation, communi- cations and recreational centers, and weather and road conditions. Classified information may be re- leased to properly identified personnel only when they are authorized to receive the information. b. The military police station may operate in- formation centers for the primary purpose of furnishing military personnel with local infor- mation. Information centers may be located in transportation terminals, at centers of troop con- centration, on main traffic arteries, and within or at entrances to military installations. The cen- ters provide information similar to that furnished by the desk sergeant of the military police station. c. Military police who are assigned to traffic control posts, gate duties, foot and motor patrols, straggler collecting points, and dismount points should be briefed on the information that they may be authorized and expected to furnish. They should be supplied with maps and informational material that will enable them to answer ques- tions not covered in their briefing. d. The coordination of military police opera- tions with the operations of other branches of the service, and of other interested police organiza- tions is a responsibility of the provost marshal.

30 AGO 63160 Coordination requires an understanding of mili- tary police jurisdiction, military police authority, the scope and methods of military police opera- tions, and the interests of other agencies in mili- tary police operations. The military police station SOP should establish how coordination is to be accomplished and what part the miiltary police- man will play in this coordination. e. Continuous liaison and coordination are es- sential to performing efficient and effective mili- tary police operations. This liaison should be maintained with Navy shore patrol, air police, civil police and military police of allied nations, as required. f. Military police supervisors must be familiar with the procedures for the release of informa- tion and the providing of assistance. They check the performance of subordinates and insure that they do not release information without proper authority. 141. Handling Search Warrants a. A search warrant is a written order issued by competent legal authority, directed to an au- thorized person, commanding him to search the person or premises described in the warrant, for the property described in the warrant, and within the time designated therein (if stipulated), and to bring the property to the designated competent authority. b. In continental United States and in its terri- tories and possessions, the military police do not execute civil search warrants. When an off-post

AGO 5616C 31 search is desired, the provost marshal or his rep- resentative furnishes information to civil police. It is the civil police who request the search war- rant from duly authorized (Federal, State, or Municipal) civil officers and execute same. Mili- tary police may be ordered to accompany civil police to identify persons or property. In belli- gerently occupied territory, the issuing authority may be a commander designated by a theater commander, or a duly authorized civil officer. In territory occupied by agreements or in which troops are stationed by agreement, pursuant to the terms of agreement, the issuing authority may be designated by a theater commander or may be a duly authorized civil officer of the United States or the host country.

142. Property and Evidence The officer in charge of the military police sta- tion must account for all personal and evidentiary property taken into custody. Under the super- vision of the desk sergeant, property taken from prisoners or detained persons is receipted for on DA Form 19-31 (Military Police Receipt for Property), recorded, tagged, and secured for safe- keeping and to preserve the chain of custody. Evidence is secured by locking it in the evidence room at the military police station. The personal property of detainees is secured in locked or sealed containers. For the disposition of prop- erty in the custody or possession of military po- lice, see AR 190-22. For a discussion of the chain of custody, see AR 190-45.

32 AGO 5316C 143. Processing Offenders a. Military police conduct a preliminary search of an offender at the place of apprehension for weapons and disposable evidence. The following precautions should be observed: (1) Searches of women members of the Armed Forces are accomplished only by women members of the Armed Forces, matrons of police organizations, or phy- sicians. (2) In the case of illness or serious injury to an offender, immediate medical atten- tion must be obtained. If force was used in the apprehension, any injuries sus- tained should be verified by medical au- thorities and a record made. (3) If death may be imminent, a chaplain, preferably of the denomination of the person who is ill or injured, should be promptly notified. b. After being brought to the military police station, an offender is questioned and booked by the desk sergeant. The required entries are made in the desk blotter in narrative form and will con- tain the essentials of the report, concisely stating who, what, when, where, and how; identity of persons related to the incident; and directing reference to the Military Police Report for details. The action taken and the name of the person recording the entry will be indicated in the col- umns provided. c. Entries are also made in the Military Police

AGO 5316C 33 Desk Reference (DA Form 19-51). This form is maintained in an alphabetical card index readily accessible to the desk sergeant on a 24-hour basis. One form will be completed on each person, ex- cept police personnel, whose name appears in the Military Police Report as the subject, complain- ant, victim, suspect, or witness to a complaint. A brief description of the incident, e.g., "Larceny," the date, the person's part in the incident, and the military police report number will be recorded. Subsequent entries concerning the same individ- ual will be recorded on the form bearing his name (AR 190-45). (1) Data for identifying an offender is ob- tained from identification cards or tags, passes, orders, or by other personal identification. (2) Additional information, if needed, may be obtained by questioning the offender, the witnesses, and the apprehending military police. (3) The desk reference file is checked to de- termine whether the offender has been apprehended previously. (4) The offender is searched for objects with which he could harm himself or others. d. If the offender is troublesome or uncoopera- tive, he is detained for later questioning. When it is determined that an offender should be de- tained, he is placed in a detention cell as soon as he has been completely searched and those ad- ministrative actions requiring his presence have been completed.

34 AGO 5316C 144. Detention Facilities Cells for the detention of offenders should be located inside the military police station. Deten- tion facilities for women may be located at a Women's Army Corps units or at a local Army hospital. The physical security standards for de- tention cells should approximate those for con- finement cells. Detention cells are used for hold- ing offenders 24 hours or less. The accomodations are usually not as complete as those provided for confined military prisoners. When a detention facility occupies a portion of an authorized con- finement facility, the area that is used as a de- tention facility should be physically separated and clearly marked.

145. Disposition of Offenders a. A person who has been detained for drunk- enness, disorderly conduct, or a short period of absence without leave should be released within 24 hours to his unit. b. If the offense warrants the return of the offender to his unit under guard, the provost mar- shal, the duty officer, or the desk sergeant should make arrangements with the unit commander to furnish a guard. A receipt is obtained from the guard in accordance with the standing operating procedure. c. When authorized by a proper authority, mili- tary police release members of the Armed Forces in their custody who are accused of committing civil offenses to the appropriate civil authorities (MCM, 1951, and AR 633-1).

AGO 5316C 35 d. The military police report is forwarded by the provost marshal through command channels to the commanding officer of the offender.

146. Reserves a. Ready Reserve. A small motorized reserve patrol force should be available to the military police station desk sergeant to meet minor emer- gencies, to reinforce details, and to handle special events. This force should be tither stationed at the military police station or available, on call, in the military police unit area. b. Military Police Unit Reserve. In addition to the ready reserve, a unit reserve should be main- tained. The unit reserve may be formed for spe- cific purposes, such as for the control of disasters or civil disturbances. Also, the reserve may be an integral part of reserve forces created by plans and orders of higher headquarters for possible employment in area security and damage control activities. The size of this force will depend upon the situation. The unit reserve may consist of personnel off duty, personnel who have just com- pleted a tour of duty, or personnel who are as- signed to later tours of duty. The unit reserve is used only upon the order of the provost marshal or his authorized representative. Unit reserve personnel should be restricted to their unit or barracks area. Vehicles and emergency equip- ment, which may be required when this force is used, should be kept readily available in the unit area.

36 AGO 53160 Section IV. RECORDS 147. Introduction a. The efficient operation of the military police station is dependent upon reliable records. To assist personnel in preparing and maintaining records, the Department of the Army publishes standard forms together with regulations govern- ing their preparation and use. b. The purpose of the records system that is maintained at the military police station is to re- cord information for use in planning, directing, and coordinating military police actions and to standardize the reporting procedure for military police operations. c. The provost marshal receives reports from the military police station and disseminates in- formation to appropriate agencies. He uses the reports to plan for the enforcement of law, the maintenance of order, the prevention of offenses, the control of traffic, and the performance of other military police functions. d. Records of operations are continuously evaluated to determine whether the desired re- sults are being obtained. The analysis of records, both of offenses and of corresponding police ac- tivities, provides a guide for the consistent and effective employment of military police. Offense records, over a period of time, for example, pro- vide indications of trends of criminal activity and the control achieved by "Crime Prevention Program." e. The apprehension of offenders and absen-

AGO B316C 37 tees, the recovery of stolen property, and similar military police activities are coordinated by dis- seminating information pertaining to such activi- ties to all interested police agencies. Similarly, the activities of personnel of the military police station are coordinated by informing them of the actions desired and of the completion of missions. f. The quality of the reports that will be pre- pared by the military police patrolmen or the desk sergeant will have a direct influence on the qual- ity of military police operations. As a military po- liceman or supervisor, you must insure that the in- formation recorded on these forms is reliable, and that each report is clear, factual, complete, and concise. Reports must be legible. 148. DA and DO Military Police Reports and Records The preparation, distribution, and use of cer- tain basic military police reports and records have been standardized by AR 190-15 and AR 190-45, "Military Police Records and Forms." These forms include- a. DA Form 19-32 Military Police Report b. DA Form 19-50 Military Police Desk Blotter c. DA Form 19-51 Military Police Desk Reference d. DA Form 19-43 Military Police Radio Log e. DD Form 1408 Armed Forces Traffic Ticket f. DD Form 629 Receipt of Prisoner or Detained Person as AGO 5316C0 g. DA Form 19-31 Military Police Receipt for Property Evidence Log (Utilizing DA Form 19-31) h. DA Form 19-23 Military Police Property Identification Tag i. DD Form 1409 Vehicle Registration and Driver Record j. DA Form 19-24 Statement (investiga- tions) k. DD Form 460 Provisional Pass 1. DA Form 19-68 Military Police Traffic Accident Investigation

149. Local Forms and Records Local forms are kept to the minimum and come under the provisions of AR 310-1 and DA Pamphlet 20-40. The following are some local forms and records that may be used: a. Vehicle identification. When installation regulations require that visiting vehicles be iden- tified, the form for such identification will be pro- cured locally. The form should include a notice that "Vehicles entering, leaving, or while on a military reservation are subject to search, with- out warrant, if such search is necessary to protect national defense material, national defense prem- ises, and national defense utilities from loss, in- jury, or destruction" (AR 190-45). b. Maps on which the locations, times, and places of incidents and offenses are posted by means of pins or other devices may be used as

AGO 5316C 39 graphic aids in directing local operations and briefing personnel. c. Current card records or lists of stolen prop- erty, stolen vehicles, wanted persons, missing per- sons, and similar information should be main- tained at the military police station for the infor- mation of duty personnel. d. Reports of patrols and supervisors, includ- ing their observations and recommendations, should be utilized for the continuous improve- ment of operations. 150. Safeguarding Official Information Records generated by AR 190-15 and AR 190- 45 are unclassified except when they include de- fense information as defined in AR 380-5, or privileged information as defined in AR 345-15. For release of records and information from Army files see AR 345-20.

151. Records Administration The officer in charge of the military police sta- tion is responsible for the maintenance of files and the proper disposition of all forms, reports, and records. Files accumulated at offices of pro- vost marshals and by military police organiza- tions relate to the record of measures taken by provost marshals and military police to preserve order, protect personnel, control military traffic, investigate crime, and other functions performed by the military police. Disposition of Military Police and Protective Services Files will be gov-

40 AGO 58160 erned by instructions contained in chapter 5, sec- tion X, AR 345-210. Section V. UNIT SUPPORT 152. Assignment of Personnel a. The appropriate section of the provost mar- shal office determines the distribution of person- nel, by reliefs, that is required daily. The num- ber of personnel, by grade, job assignment, and required skill, is normally given to the military police unit commander 24 hours in advance of their employment. The unit commander assigns the personnel of the unit to their duties by relief and by duty assignment, subject to the approval of the officer in charge of the military police station. b. Personnel report for duty to a designated officer or noncommissioned officer. The relief is formed and this fact is reported to the desk ser- geant. The desk sergeant gives all personnel their specific duty assignments. Personnel are briefed on the situation by the duty officer, the desk ser- geant, or patrol supervisors. The patrol super- visors take charge of patrol personnel going on duty. c. The assignment of personnel requires coor- dination between the provost marshal in charge and the unit commander in order to facilitate the continuous development of technical skills by on- the-job training. Inexperienced personnel should be paired with experienced personnel. The duty assignments should be appropriate to the grades. If personnel are not, qualified for assignments in

AGO 5316C 41 accordance with their grades, training must be initiated to correct the deficiencies. 153. Vehicle Maintenance Organizational maintenance is the responsibil- ity of the unit commander. This maintenance in- cludes first echelon maintenance performed by the driver, and second echelon maintenance per- formed by specially trained personnel who pos- sesses the capabilities and facilities beyond those of first echelon. 154. Emergency Equipment Weapons, ammunition, chemical equipment, and other equipment not used regularly must be stored and held ready for use by the military police unit. Equipment for the control of dis- orders or for emergency operations should be packaged when possible, checked monthly, and kept available for immediate issue. Instructions for physical security of emergency equipment should include procedures for issuing such equip- ment in the absence of unit supply personnel. The supply sergeant of the military police unit should be advised of the emergency equipment require- ments and should be required to maintain an up- to-date inventory of the emergency equipment on hand. Emergency loading plans should be pre- pared, rehearsed, and kept up-to-date to meet changing unit needs and circumstances. 155. Unit Training Unit training programs and schedules should insure that, in addition to instructions from

42 AGO 5316C higher headquarters, all men receive instructions designed to improve the performance of their duties and to correct reported deficiencies. If units are required to operate and train simultane- ously, it becomes necessary to repeat training in- struction to insure that all personnel receive it.

156. Food and Mail Service The mess steward should be informed of the duty hours and the location of the personnel of the unit in order that meals may be properly pre- pared and served. Normally, duty hours are so adjusted as to cause the least interference with eating habits. Whenever possible, the relief going on or off duty about 2400 hours should be fed a light meal. So far as practicable personnel on post should be furnished hot meals. When food is carried to duty personnel, individual mess equipment should be provided and provisions made for cleaning this equipment. The mail clerk may accompany and assist the mess detail and, at the same time, deliver the mail. Small permanent mess detachments that include a unit cook and the necessary cooking equipment to sup- port squads or platoons on detached duty may be organized. Rations (operational field type) set aside for emergency use should be replaced peri- odically either by turn-in or consumption to pre- vent spoilage or deterioration.

AGO 5316C 43 Chapter 9 PLANNING OPERATIONS (Added)

157. Introduction a. Planning establishes the WHAT, WHERE, WHO, WHEN, WHY, and HOW of the military police mission. b. Before a plan can be made, the mission must be determined and thoroughly understood. c. Planning by military police must be continu- ous. It requires study of the use of available per- sonnel and equipment, continuous reconnaissance of the area of operations, and making a decision that will determine how the mission will be ac- complished. Planning also provides for immedi- ate military police action against unforeseen of- fenses and incidents that may occur.

158. Basic Steps In planning any military police operation, the basic steps listed below should be followed. a. Secure all available information. The gath- ering of information relative to an assigned area of operation and anticipated mission is a continu- ous function of military police personnel. A study should be made of the contemplated area of op-

AGO 5316C erations by use of maps, aerial photographs, and air and ground reconnaissance. Military police personnel insure that intelligence information ob- tained during reconnaissance is forwarded to the proper agency as quickly as possible (FM 30-5). b. Estimate the situation. (1) The estimate of the situation follows the form prescribed in FM 101-5. (2) The following are considered: (a) The mission. Study it. Understand it. Ask questions if necessary. (b) The situation and possible courses of action. The data on the delinquency situation, physical security, traffic, or other factors in the area that require military police action as assembled. Military police counteracting courses of action, as required, are then consid- ered as shown below. (Examples are listed in parentheses.) 1. Prevention. The use of military po- lice to eliminate the causes of offenses. (Utilizing them to aid in the educa- tion and orientation of units and per- sonnel.) 2. Control. The use of military police to effect the control required by the sit- uation. (The use of military police at intersections to direct the flow of vehi- cular traffic.) 3. Enforcement. The use of military po- lice to correct, apprehend, or detain

AGO 5316C 45 offenders. (The routine use of mili- tary police to patrol an area where troops congregate, to enforce good order and military discipline.) 4. Selective enforcement. Distribution of patrols in such places and at such times as experience indicates the re- quirement. (Extra patrols in off limits areas or trouble spots at times when troops are off duty.) 5. Investigation. The use of military po- lice to gather evidence or to observe and report violations of military law and order. (The use of military police criminal investigators to gather physi- cal evidence, conduct interrogation of suspects, and evaluate findings in order to detect and apprehend of- fenders.) (c) Analysis of opposing courses of action. The most that the offender can do to defeat the assigned police mission and what military action is required to prevent it. (d) Comparison of courses of action. Each course of action is then compared with the others to determine its ad- vantages and disadvantages. (e) The decision. The best course of ac- tion to accomplish the mission is de- termined and stated in simple lan- guage. (Used in par. 2 of the opera- tion order.)

46 AGO 5316C 159. Operation Order a. The decision reached from the estimate of the situation will result in an operation order (FM 101-5). b. Operation orders, either verbal or written, must be completely clear so that each military policeman will have a thorough understanding of the duty he is to perform in the operation. c. Military police operation orders inform per- sonnel of the following: (1) Situation. (2) Mission. (3) Execution. (4) Administration and logistics. (5) Command and signal. d. Routine details of unit operations are cov- ered by standing operating procedures and nor- mally not included in an operation order. Refer- ence to standing operating procedure is seldom made in an operation order; however, if the unit commander desires to place special emphasis upon one or more of the standing operating procedures they are restated in the appropriate paragraph of the order. e. Special patrol orders should be issued cover- ing specific duties and responsibiilties. These orders should include- (1) Patrol mission. (2) Area of responsibility. (3) Routes.

AGO 63160 47 (4) Directives to be enforced. (5) Locations of trouble spots. (6) Locations and telephone numbers of nearest hospital, civil police, and fire and railroad stations. (7) Locations and telephone numbers of ad- jacent military and civil police patrols. (8) Types of action to be taken and reports to be submitted. (9) Signal communications.

48 AGO 56160 Chapter 10 SPECIAL OPERATIONS (Added)

Section I. SPECIAL EVENTS 160. Assemblies a. General. Peaceful assemblies and cere- monies include reviews and parades, inspections by senior commanders, speeches by civilian or military dignitaries, displays of military equip- ment, and recreational events. Military police are posted where they are most likely to be needed. Arrangements for adequate transporta- tion, communications, special equipment, traffic escorts, and military police criminal investigators should be made prior to an event. b. Civil Police. Liaison and coordination are maintained with local civil police to the fullest extent practicable. c. Parking Control. Parking should be con- trolled by a separate detail of military police. The size of the parking area, the number of vehicles anticipated, the available entrances and exits, the road net surrounding the area, and similar fac- tors should be considered in the parking plan. d. Information for Planning. Advance infor- mation regarding scheduled events should in- clude-

AGO 63160 49 (1) Place of event. (2) Duration of event. (3) Estimated number of persons attending. (4) Any unruly elements expected. (5) Whether there may be blocking of fire exits or insufficient seating. (6) Estimated increase in vehicular traffic. (7) Points where traffic control may have to be exercised. (8) Places where vehicles can be parked or turned around. (9) Estimates of any unusual traffic condi- tions that may require- (a) Rerouting of normal traffic. (b) One-way streets. (c) Temporary parking lots. (d) Special signs and barricades. (e) Passage of emergency and other vehi- cles. (10) Coordination required with civil police. (11) Location of nearest emergency medical facility. (12) Weather forecasts.

161. Parades a. The general information required for plan- ning the handling of an assembly is equally appli- cable to a parade. Copies of the parade order should be distributed to all military supervisors of parade details.

so50 AGO 316 b. Parade units normally assemble near the starting point prior to the time of the parade. The movement of troops from their unit areas may require special traffic control measures along their routes of march. The time length and road space of each unit column must be known in order to effect an orderly assembly. Military police may clear the assembly area of vehicles prior to the assembly phase, and may assist troop com- manders in guiding troop units to assigned posi- tions. Patrols may guard government property and personal effects left in the assembly area. Military police radio communications may be used as a temporary command net by the parade com- mander to coordinate the assembly of parade units, and to receive reports of their arrival and readiness. During the parade, vehicles for trans- portation of the troops may be escorted from the assembly area to the dispersal area. c. Military police may be required to protect military and civilian dignitaries attending the parade. d. Traffic control measures must provide for the safe and quick movement of parade units from the dispersal area to their unit area.

Section II. CIVIL DISTURBANCES AND EMERGENCIES IN THE UNITED STATES AND ITS TERRITORIES AND POSSESSIONS 162. Civil Disturbances a. Military police have no authority to quell a civil disturbance except when specifically directed

AGO 5316C 51 by competent military authority. Where military personnel and civilians are involved in a disturb- ance, military police normally only have authority over persons who are subject to military law. When Federal troops have been ordered by the President to quell a disturbance, military police may perform their normal functions in support of troops ordered into an area, or they may be ordered into full-scale operations to assist in quelling civil disturbances. b. Since the military must furnish adequate and timely assistance when civil agencies are unable to cope with an emergency situation within the states of Alaska, Hawaii, the continental limits of the United States, and its territories and possessions, the military must formulate plans for such an eventuality. The plans must be kept simple, flexi- ble, and current; they are revised to meet chang- ing circumstances and conditions as indicated by intelligence and other reports. c. Planning by the provost marshal for civil disturbances is generally limited to planning for military police and military police type activities. The provost marshal must, however, consider the types of troops that may be employed, the manner of their employment, and the military police sup- port that may be required. Normally, his planning is predicated upon the emergency, disaster relief, and area damage control plans of the command. d. Military police may control circulation, en- gage in enforcement patrol activity, control traffic, operate a military police communications net, keep adequate reserves to quell affrays and disorders,

52 AGO 5316C prevent looting, and protect property (AR 500-50 and FM 19-15).

163. Military Aid to Civil Authority During Disasters a. The employment of troops in aid of civil authority during civil disturbances and disasters is based on constitutional and statutory provisions of law as well as on Department of the Army policies and directives. b. Military aid to civil authority may be neces- sary to assist duly constituted officials in the proper exercise of their duties and responsibilities in instances such as the following: (1) A breach of the peace constituting a hazard and danger to life and property, and of a magnitude beyond the ability of local law enforcing agents to handle ade- quately. Participation of military per- sonnel in quelling a disorder in an elec- tion, however, is strictly forbidden by law. (2) An emergency created by the forces of nature, such as fire, flood, hurricane, or earthquake, or by any other disaster, such as an explosion. (3) An emergency resulting from an actual assault upon the perimeter of the United States or its possessions, an attack by atomic weapons, an attack by an air- landed assault force, or an attack from within by subversive elements. c. Standing operating procedures or alert plans should prescribe the duties of military police in

AGO 6316C 53 major disasters or catastrophes caused by fires, floods, cyclones, hurricanes, air raids, or similar incidents. The duties may include controlling traffic, controlling the circulation of individuals, evacuating personnel, preventing looting, protect- ing government property and supplies, and ad- ministering first aid. Extensive disaster relief operations will not be undertaken by the Depart- ment of the Army without authority provided in Public Law 875, 81st Congress, or by direction of the President. This authority is subject to certain exceptions as outlined in paragraph 5, AR 500-60.

164. Chemical, Biological, and Radiological Warfare When this duty is directed by competent author- ity, military police operations continue under con- ditions of chemical, biological, or radiological at- tack. Plans must inm:ude measures to prevent panic, restore order, aiu the injured, and isolate contaminated areas. When duty in contaminated areas is required, supervisors should make certain that military police are equipped with adequate protective equipment.

165. Minor Emergencies a. Procedures for control of emergencies are normally required by the provost marshal. Some of these plans include confinement facility emer- gency plans, apprehension plans, fire plans, emer- gency control plans. There are numerous other plans that may be required in the provost mar- shal's office, as determined by the policies of the

54 AGO 5316C commander, location, and the situation, e.g., weather warning plans, storm plans, emergency exit from the post, etc. Plans should be kept simple, flexible, and current. b. Military police may assist in minor emer- gencies that result in damage to property. For example, when a fire occurs in an area under mili- tary jurisdiction, military police provide assist- ance at the scene by protecting life and property, controlling traffic, controlling the circulation of individuals, and taking any other action necessary for the maintenance of order. In other types of minor emergencies, military police are usually primarily concerned with the control of traffic and the circulation of individuals.

Section III. RAILWAY AND HARBOR SECURITY 166. Railway Security a. Military police assigned to railway security duties are organized in railway security units. Because of the variations in freight and passenger movements at depots or ports, the commander of a military police railway security unit must be pre- pared to shift personnel from one location to another. Military police railway security super- visors maintain liaison with civilian railway police, and with consignors and consignees. b. Military police prevent and investigate pil- ferage, inspect and supervise the entry and exit of freight from other countries and zones of occu- pation, and observe and report upon the opera- tions of civilian railway police relative to United States military supplies entrusted to their protec-

AGO 5316C 55 tion. In the course of their duties, military police may check the identification of Armed Forces per- sonnel, allied personnel, and civilians. c. Military police on railway security duty should take no action that will interfere with the operation of a railroad.

167. Identification Military personnel on railway security duty should be provided with special identification. Civilian railway employees should also be pro- vided with identification to facilitate circulation control at railroad facilities. 168. Train Guards ia. The responsibility of military police train guards begins after the supplies have been loaded, property documented, sealed, and accepted from Transportation Corps or other authorized person- nel. Their responsibility ends when the consignee signs a receipt for the supplies. Train guards should inspect the condition of railway cars. They should make certain that each car is in good con- dition and has no holes or loose boards, that the doors are properly secured, and that numbered seals are affixed. They should record the numbers of the seals, together with the train numbers. The condition of a seal provides an immediate check as to whether a car door was tampered with. b. When the train is under way, the train guards should prevent unauthorized persons from boarding the train and removing supplies. At each halt, they should dismount, patrol the sides of the

56 AGO 6316C train, and check seals and doors for evidence of tampering. c. The senior military policeman acts as train guard commander, inspects all cars, and notes de- ficiencies. Guards should be posted on all loaded cars that are left behind because of mechanical failure. He reports to his commander when pil- ferage, damage, or sabotage has occurred or has been attempted. d. The block system of employing train guards is preferable to the system whereby guards escort cargo to the final destination. Under the block sys- tem, guards escort cargo only part of the way, preferably to a railway division or a transhipping point. They are then relieved by other train guards. The block system permits guards to re- turn to their base station regularly and rapidly and permits additional guards to be supplied when a train is re-formed or split.

169. Railway Yard Patrols a. Security requirements are based on the num- ber of through and storage tracks, the loaded cars "set-out" in the yard, the location and condition of cars, the types of supplies, and the opportuni- ties for pilferage. Foot or motor patrols and fixed posts are employed in accordance with these re- quirements. Physical security safeguards should be used whenever possible to economize on per- sonnel, i.e., protective lighting, perimeter barriers, pass system, communications, etc. b. Railway yard guards apprehend trespassers, assist train guards, and protect loaded cars from

AGO 531bC 57 pilferage. They must be especially alert to prevent particularly desirable types of supplies from being placed in areas and on tracks that are easily ac- cessible to pilferers. In an oversea area, 50 loaded cars are normally the maximum that can be guarded efficiently by a two-man foot patrol.

170. Supervisors Railway security supervisors should check yard and train guards for uniforms, weapons, ammuni- tion, rations, and knowledge of orders. They dis- pose of recovered property, report serious inci- dents, and meet all arriving and departing trains carrying train guards.

171. Harbor Patrols a. Military police harbor patrols may be estab- lished in an oversea area for policing the water areas and waterways adjacent to a military instal- lation. Military police harbor patrol operations must be coordinated with other port security operations. b. Harbor patrols are concerned primarily with the enforcement of those port regulations that pertain to military police operations. Patrols may control the movement of surface craft, and their passengers, complements, and cargoes, into, within, and from clearly defined areas of juris- diction. c. The port military police station should direct the activities of the water and land patrols within its area of responsibily. The operations of harbor

58 AGO 6816C patrols should be closely coordinated with the op- erations of motor and foot patrols. The desk ser- geant should dispatch boats on normal patrols, special details, and emergency missions. Two-way radio communications should be maintained. A charge of quarters and reserve crews with their patrol boats should be on duty at the boathouse at all times. d. Offenders should be processed through the port military police station.

Section IV. JOINT POLICE OPERATIONS 172. General a. In Continental United States and in major oversea commands, military police may partici- pate in joint patrol operations with Navy and Air Force personnel. In oversea areas, military police may participate in customs, frontier, and inter- national military police operations (AR 190-8). b. Military police are in an excellent position to be Ambassadors of Goodwill for the United States while serving on these joint patrols. The important thing for you to remember as a military policeman is that acceptance by the public for any group must start with good policy. The way you look, the way you act, and the kind of service you give help to make the public impression of the United States a favorable one.

173. Armed Forces Police Detachments a. In the United States, localities frequented by personnel of more than one service in sufficient

AGO 5316C 59 numbers to necessitate service police patrols out- side military installations, commanders concerned may establish Armed Forces police detachments. In oversea commands, similar joint service police operations may be conducted. b. Policies for a joint Armed Forces police op- eration are established by agreement of the com- manders of the participating services. The joint agreement usually provides for personnel, equip- ment, and administrative support by the services concerned. c. The detachment commander will be a com- missioned officer. The service having predominant interest in the area will provide the detachment commander unless otherwise agreed to by the commanders concerned.

174. International Patrols a. In an occupied area or in an allied country, military police may participate with military and/ or civil police or other nations in a combined inter- national patrol. Each patrol may consist of per- sonnel from each of the nations participating. The patrols, either motorized or on foot, usually operate from a central combined station. b. The joint international patrols are governed by Status of Forces Agreements or other agree- ments made with the Host Country. However, it is well to remember that Status of Forces and/or other agreements vary greatly from country to country and there are still many problems in- herent in these agreements on combined military police operations.

60o AGO 316C c. In operational situations in which combined operations are authorized advantages that may accrue are: maintenance of good public relations; prevention of incidents and offenses; prompt identification and apprehension of offenders; ex- peditious exchange of statements, witnesses, evi- dence, etc.; custody of offenders; exchange of ideas, doctrine, and concepts. d. In international patrol work, military police supervisors must be alert to differences in organic equipment of national component police elements, differences in operational policies, and language barriers. A lack of qualified interpreters could pose serious limitations upon full integration of military police effort. e. The uniform is usually that of the nation of the individual patrolman. f. The special patrol orders for the members of the international patrol may be those of each na- tion, or a unified set of orders may be issued. g. Inspection of patrol personnel of each nation may be made by officers of that nation, or an agreement may be made for an officer of each nation to inspect the entire patrol in turn.

175. Customs and Frontier Control a. In an occupied area, military police may en- gage in customs inspection and frontier patrol in order to detect or to prevent unauthorized move- ments of commodities and persons across inter- national and zonal boundaries. In allied territory, similar operations may be authorized in order to

AGO 5316C 61 assist, or to maintain liaison with, customs and immigration services of the allied nation. b. Military police may be organized into special military police customs or border guard units. They maintain liaison and coordinate with appro- priate United States, allied, and local customs and frontier and control agencies. c. Military police, including criminal investi- gators, on customs and frontier duty, work in close cooperation with counterintelligence person- nel who may be required to perform civil security, frontier and travel security, and censorship opera- tions. The investigation of violations of customs regulations is normally a responsibility of military police criminal investigators. Violations should be reported to the responsible provost marshal. d. Military police customs personnel may be teamed with military police of allied nations for inspecting allied personnel. Through inter-allied agreements, they may be authorized to search allied personnel. e. Military police should have authority to ap- prehend and detain personnel of the occupation forces for the following offenses: (1) Avoiding customs inspections. (2) Failure to make declarations required by law. (3) Making false declarations. (4) Concealment of property or goods from customs inspectors. (5) Entering or leaving occupied territory illegally.

62 AGO 5316C f. Military police on customs duty may be em- ployed to prevent or suppress smuggling or illegal shipments of sensitive or restricted commodities. Inspections are made for faulty or fraudulent documentation, improper classification or descrip- tion of goods, and similar matters. g. When illegally possessed material is un- covered during a customs inspection, the violator must be apprehended and the material taken into the custody of the military policeman on customs duty who safeguards it until it can be turned over to his immediate superior. The apprehending mili- tary policeman should make a record of seized documents, items, or funds, for referral to his supervisor.

176. Auxiliary Military Police a. Auxiliary military police or security guard units may be formed from local inhabitants, co- belligerent troops, or displaced persons to perform physical security missions. These units may be placed under the control of military police super- visors to guard troop and supply installations, hospitals, army exchanges, and other places. b. An auxiliary security guard is usually organ- ized and armed to operate like a main guard. Although auxiliary security guards are not given police jurisdiction over personnel of the United States and allied armed forces, they should be authorized to report violations by members of such forces to the military police. They should, however, have the usual powers of sentries over persons.

AGO 6316C 63 Section V. MARSHALING 177. General Military police assigned to duty for a marshal- ing area operation are usually concerned with traffic control, enforcement, circulation control, and information duties. Military police assigned to an amphibious or airborne force normally do not participate in military police marshaling oper- ations within the marshaling area; however, there are times when their use is made mandatory.

178. Traffic Control a. Military police control traffic to, within, and from a marshaling area. Combat and combat sup- port units are moved to and from a marshaling area in accordance with rigid schedules. Military police control the movements by escorting columns and by exercising point control where needed. b. Traffic control posts are established to assist in the control of scheduled movements and to pre- vent interference by nonscheduled military traffic or by civilian traffic. Directional signs are posted along the routes. c. Communications between columns, between traffic control posts, between the marshaling area and the embarkation point should be maintained by radio, messenger, and telephone. d. Military police direct each serial or unit column arriving at an embarkation point to its assigned area in order that the men and equipment designated for a specific ship will be in a given location. Movements from assigned areas to load- ing points within an embarkation area may be

64 AGO 6316C controlled by military police escorts and by traffic control posts at critical points. e. After unit columns have cleared a marshaling area, military police may be directed to inspect unit bivouac areas thoroughly for stragglers.

179. Enforcement The commanding officers of subdivisions of the marshaling area enforce the orders and directives of the marshaling area commander in their respec- tive areas with regard to such matters as blackout, speed, restricted areas, and off limits. Enforce- ment may be implemented by military police patrols.

180. Circulation Control and Security Military police may assist in maintaining mar- shaling area security by controlling the circula- tion of individuals in or near the restricted area to prevent unauthorized entrance or exit; checking persons entering or leaving the area for unau- thorized possession of Government property; re- porting physical security violations; and, when directed by the area commander, guarding sup- plies. The security of the equipment of a combat unit in a marshaling area is the responsibility of the commander of the unit.

181. Information Military police patrols must be prepared to give information or to direct authorized personnel to sources of information. These patrols should be

AGO 5316C 5 supplied with pertinent maps, overlays, station lists, and other essential information.

Section VI. PLANNING MILITARY POLICE RAIDS 182. General a. As military policemen, it may be necessary for you not only to be able to follow and comply with the raid plans prepared by another, but you may be instrumental in preparing and executing raid plans yourself when the situation requires it. Most important of all is to have an understanding of the complexities of the problems involved and be capable of directing the operation to a success- ful conclusion. b. A police raid is defined as a sudden attack or invasion of a building or area to: (1) Effect an apprehension. .(2) Secure evidence of illegal activity. (3) Recover stolen property. c. Secondary purpose of raids include effecting the release of hostages, and confiscation of contra- band property. d. A police raid may be either planned or spon- taneous but, to be lawful, must be authorized in accordance with the authority described in Man- ual for Courts-Martial, which gives the military commander the authority to execute police raids within the confines of the area under military control whether it be a post, camp, station, or installation, or an oversea area under occupational control. In areas not subject to military jurisdic- tion, raids must be accomplished by civil police.

66 AGO 5316C However, military police may accompany civil police for the purpose of identifying U.S. military personnel and/or U.S. Government property. e. Te be effective, a raid must be conducted with sur rise. That is, the subjects of the raid must. not i aware of the fact that they are targets of a raid until the actual conduct of the operation has begun. In addition, once the raid has com- menced, the plan must be carried forward with speed and precision to prevent the subjects from organizing a defense, destroying evidence, or effecting their own escape or assisting the escape of others. To accomplish this it is essential that each member of the raiding team be familiar with all aspects of the operation with particular em- phasis on his own individual mission.

183. Planning The effectiveness of a raid depends largely upon the speed and surprise with which it is executed. a. Although some raids must be staged with a minimum of planning and preparation, essential factors such as proper coordination and superior- ity of manpower and firepower should not be overlooked. b. The factors essential to the formulation of a plan for a raid include-the mission, opposition expected; composition of the raiding party; orientation of personnel; position and role of each member; weapons, necessary signals; trans- portation; and the evaluation of the possible points from which untimely alarm or danger might be expected.

AGO 5316C 67 c. The time of the raid should be selected to in- sure a minimum of interference from heavy traffic, rapid movement of individuals and the presence of all subjects. d. A raid plan should be concise, simple, and flexible, and should generally follow the steps for planning an operation order (par. 159). It must be based on sound tactical concepts and should be adaptable to any contingency.

184. Alternate Plans a. Alternate plans must be prepared to meet possible changes in the situation. If the original plan presumes that the suspect will obey the order to surrender, an alternate plan is prepared to be put into effect if he refuses to do so. b. The raid plan, where a subject is to be ap- prehended, may call for communication with the subject by telephone, public address system or voice, and his compliance with an order to sur- render. Instead of surrendering, the subject may fire on the raid party, in which case the alternate plan would then be initiated and should provide for action taken.

185. Priorities of Force In establishing a priority of force for a raid, consideration would be given to the amount of forces necessary to accomplish the mission suc- cessfully. The situation will determine which priority of force will be used. The priorities of force to effect an apprehension in a raid opera- tion are the-

68 AGO 6816C a. Call out (with or without mechanical devices). b. Force out (by chemical or other means which will insure a minimum of physical damage to property or physical injury to suspects). c. Kick in (by using all the forces necessary for the successful accomplishment of the mission).

186. Personnel Requirements and Duties a. In the conduct of a raid, superiority in man- power and firepower are two prime factors. Man- power alone is not enough and by the same token, neither is firepower. The raid commander must know the exact number of personnel he will re- quire, and they must understand their precise positions, actions, and responsibilities. He must also determine types and quantities of equipment required for the raid party. b. The raid commander is in complete charge of the raid and has the responsibility for the suc- cess of the operation. To assist in the operation he will select an assistant raid commander and a recorder. The raid party will be organized as teams-entering team, covering team, prisoner team, and, if applicable, special detail. c. The raid commander is normally a member of the entering team. He is responsible for- (1) Reconnaissance and information on the objective. (2) Preparation of the raid diagrams and plans. (3) Assignment and orientation of person- nel.

AGO 5316C 69 (4) Final check of nlc,,mbers. (5) Directing execution ,f the raid. d. The assistant raid commalw or is- (1) Appointed by the raid commander. (2) Second in the chain of com. land. (3) Leader of the covering team. e. The recorder- (1) Is a member of the entering team. (2) Maintains notes of events. (3) Records information on prisoners appre- hended and property seized. (4) Prepares receipts and inventories for any evidence taken and property recovered. (5) Prepares final operation report. f. Team responsibilities are- (1) Entering team. Makes entry into objec- tive area, apprehends suspects and con- ducts search of target at conclusion of operation. (2) Covering team. Surrounds the area or building to be raided and establishes cordon and road blocks or handles other special details. (3) Prisoner team. Takes charge of pris- oners apprehended, searches, identifies, and transports them to detention or con- finement facility.

187. The Raid Plan Circumstances will normally dictate the re- quirement for plans to be used in executing a

70 AGO 5316C police raid. It is obvious that in the execution of a hasty or spontaneous raid, time would not permit the preparation of a comprehensive operations plan. To insure proper and lawful execution of a raid of this type an SOP (Standing Operating Procedure) must be prepared and all police per- sonnel must be familiar with its contents. If, on the other hand, time is not a dictating factor, the preparation of a raid plan will reduce the possi- bility of overlooking or omitting essential ele- ments and, at the same time, will be a valuable asset to the raid commander in orienting raid personnel. Alternate plans, when required, should be constructed in the same manner as the basic plan.

188. Selection of Personnel a. The raid commander must be a person of mature judgment preferably with experience in police raids. b. Other individuals selected must be able to meet any situation that may arise, must not be excitable, must have good judgment, and must obey orders implicitly. They must be loyal, trust- worthy, and capable of understanding the details of a raid, and possess the ability to act intel- ligently under heavy stress.

189. Orientation of Raid Personnel During the orientation of all personnel who are to participate in the raid, a raid diagram and/or scale model of the raid area should be used in conjunction with the operations plan. Such a

AGO 5316C 71 diagram is an invaluable aid in determining per- sonnel requirements and specific locations, assign- ing positions, allocating weapons, and mapping movements. The orientation will include all perti- nent aspects of the basic operation plan and, when applicable, the alternate plans, with particular emphasis on the following: a. General area. b. Terrain. c. Buildings (interior and exterior). d. Entrances and exits. e. Windows. f. Points of cover and concealment. g. Lighting. h. Avenues of approach. i. Communications. j. Location of various elements of the raiding party. k. Roadblocks. 1. Avenues and means of escape. in. Locations of warning devices or animals that might warn of approach. n. Fields of fire.

190. Executing a Raid a. The final phase of a raid consists of the approach, the check at the rendezvous, and the operation. The participants approach the rendez- vous point as silently as possible. If the rendez- vous point is close to the area to be raided, vehi- cles may be left some distance away under guard.

72 AGO 5316C If the raid is to be performed during the night, the personnel engaged in the raid should be examined for articles which may glow in the dark. A signal is given by each raider as he occupies his assigned position. Where necessary, roadblocks are established to obstruct or control movements of vehicles or pedestrians in the area to be raided. A cordon may be posted to prevent personnel, suspects, or witnesses from escaping, or to pre- vent nonparticipants from entering the area. b. Communication between members of the raiding party may be made by voice or signal. Communications between the raiding party and suspects may be by telephone or public address systemn. When a suspect or suspects, upon in- struction on how to surrender, comply and leave the building or area, they should not be allowed to reenter. They should be restrained immediately and subjected to a thorough search. Should the suspect, upon instruction, refuse to surrender, the building or premises will be entered. Those desig- nated to enter will take advantage of all cover afforded by walls, hedges, and buildings until they reach the door of the building housing the suspect. When entering, they open the door with a hard push to insure there is no one hiding behind it, always remaining under the protection of the wall beside the door. c. When the raid commander signals the com- pletion of the raid, all members of the raiding party assemble at the designated place and are accounted for before the party leaves the scene of the raid. The raid commander may, when neces-

AGO 5316C 73 sary, leave guards at the scene of the raid to ob- serve or to apprehend accomplices of the suspects.

191. After-Action Report Subsequent to the raid operation a debriefing of all raid personnel should be accomplished for the purpose of determining the adequacy of the ad- vance planning and to receive recommendations for improvement of future raids. All information thus received should be included in the after- action report and placed on file for future refer- ence. In addition, the after-action report should contain a brief synopsis of the overall operation in order that a written record may be available to substantiate the actions of the raid party.

192. Checklist of Equipment Following is a list of some of the equipment that is normally employed in a raid: a. Hand weapons (pistols, revolvers). b. Shoulder weapons (rifles, carbines, sub- machine guns, gas guns, flare guns, shotguns). c. Ammunition( shotgun shells, ball, tracer, tear gas). d. Grenades (CN, smoke, fragmentation). e. Flares (fuses, signal, illuminating). f. Transportation (cars, trucks, patrol wagons). g. Communications (mounted and portable radios, whistles, public address systems, signal lights, megaphones).

74 AGO 6316C h. Lights (flashlights, spotlights, sniper- scopes). i. Time pieces (radium dials to be worn on the inside of the wrist). j. Gas masks. k. Restraining devices. 1. First-aid kits. m. Cameras and accessories. n. Tools for gaining entrance (mauls, crow- bars, keys, axes, or sledges).

AGO 653160 75 APPENDIX I REFERENCES

1. Army and Special Regulations Delete: SR 105-75-1 SR 190-45-1 SR 600-10-50 SR 840-10-1 AR 600-10 AR 600-320 AR 616-36 Add: AR 190-5 Motor Vehicle Traffic Supervision. AR 190-15 Traffic Accident Investi- gation. AR 190-45 Records and Forms. AR 190-56 Military Police, Shore Patrol, and Air Police on Public Carriers and in Transportation Ter- minals. AR 310-1 General Policies. AR 345-15 Policy Governing the Custody, Use, and

76 AGO 631C0 Preservation of De- partment of the Army Official Information Which Requires Pro- tection in the Public Interest. AR 345-20 Release of Information and Records From Army Files. AR 345-210 Records Management; Files Systems and Standards. AR 600-20 Army Command Policy and Procedures. AR 633-1 Apprehension and Re- straint. AR 840-10 Description and Use of Flags, Guidons, Tab- ards, and Automobile Plates. 2. Field and Technical Manuals Add: FM 19-60 Confinement of Military Prisoners. FM 30-5 Combat Intelligence. FM 31-15 Operations Against Ir- regular Forces. FM 101-5 Staff Officers' Field Man- ual; Staff Organiza- tion and Procedure.

AGO 63160 77 4. Department of the Army Pamphlets Delete: DA Pam 27-4 DA Pam 320-1 Add: DA Pam 20-40 Forms Control and Standardization.

6. Others Add: STANAG 2067 Straggler Control.

By Order of the Secretary of the Army:

EARLE G. WHEELER, General, United States Army, Official: Chief of Staff. J. C. LAMBERT, Major General, United States Army, The Adjutant General.

Distribution: Active Army: OSD (2) TJAG (2) DCSPER (2) C/Army Res (2) ACSI (2) CNGB (2) DCSLOG (2) USACDC (2) ACS Forces (2) USAMPCDA (2) TPMG (3) USCONARC (10) Ofc Res Comp (2) ARADCOM (2) TAG (2) ARADCOM Rgn (1) TIG (1) MDW (1)

78 AGO 53160 Armies (5) except 7-2 First US Army (7) 19-27 OS Maj Comd (5) 19-29 USATC Inf (10) 19-35 USA Corps (3) 19-36 Div (2) 19-37 Regt/Gp/bg (2) 19-47 USMA (1) 19-55 (3) USAWC (20) 19-56 USACGSC (50) 19-57 Br Svc Sch (20) except 19-67 PMGS (2500) 19-217 USATSCH (50) 19-237 PMS Sr Div MP Units (1) 19-247 Instl (2) 19-252 Units org under fol TOE: 19-256 (5 copies each UNOINDC) 19-316 NG: State AG (3); Units-Same as Active Army except allowance is one copy for each unit. USAR: Units-Same as Active Army except allow- ance is one copy for each unit. For explanation of abbreviations used, see AR 320-50.

AGO 53160 79