CENSUS OF INDIA 2001
SERIES- 11
BIHAR
PAPER 1 OF 2001 PROVISIONAL POPULATION TOTALS
SUDHIR KUMAR RAKESH Director of Census Operations, Bihar Lord Buddha Dedicated to the people of Bihar and enumerators - the data producers. For the benefit of policy makers and research workers - the data consumers. CONTENTS
SL. NO. PARTICULARS PAGE NO.
1. Foreword v
2 List of Officers! Officials involved in preparation of Provisional Population Totals vii
3 Figures at a Glance ix
4 State Highlights x
5 Map showing Administrative Division of India Highlighting State xi
6 Map showing Administrative Division of State, 2001 Census xiii
7 Introduction 1
8 Analysis of Results 7·
9 Provisional Population Tables 25
10 Maps 31
11 Diagrams and Charts 39
12 Organisational Chart of Census Hierarchy 49
13 Specimen Copy of Houselist Schedule 51
- 14 Specimen Copy of Household Schedule 53
15 Pictorial 55
FOREWORD
After the successful completion of Census of India 2001, it gives me great pleasure to present these provisional population totals for the state of Bihar. This paper gives some basic characteristics of the population of Bihar as on 1st March, 2001 (00.00 hrs.) as recorded during the population enumeration related with the Census of India 2001. These figures are only provisional ones, compiled on the basis of the abstracts of population data prepared by the enumerators. These provisional population figures are being published with the intention of meeting the immediate need of the Government, various organisations, researchers and the general public. It would help provide them the basic population figures as quickly as possible after the population enumeration work has been completed. At this stage our intention is not either to interpret from these data or to draw conclusions from them, both of which shall have to await the preparation of the detailed Tables based on the final figures. Care has been taken, however, to highlight some of the striking features of these provisional figures wherever they have been noticed and effort has been made to mention them at appropriate places. Census operations in India is one of the largest administrative exercises of its kind any where in the world. Such a mammoth and gigantic exercise has been possible only with the whole hearted co-operation of the entire administrative machinery as well as the active participation of all sections of the society. The credit for collection of census data must go to the multitude of Enumerators, Supervi sors and all officials involved with census work in the state. Under testing circumstances, the entire administrative machinery involved in census work came out with flying colours, completing the job at hand with quiet efficiency and great speed. All the District Magistrates, Districts Census Officers, Additional Districts Census Officers, Subdivisional Census Officers, Assistant Subdivisional Census Officers, Charge Officers and Assistant Charge Officers have wonderfully risen to the occasion and have proved beyond doubt that nothing is impossible for them. I make a special mention of their efforts because of the fact that not only did they have to cope with the numerous administrative problems arising out of the bifurcation of the state of Bihar (into Bihar and Jharkhand) on the 15th of November, 2000, midway through the Census of India 2001, but also had to simultaneously handle the herculean task of making all preparations for the ensuing panchayat elections which were slated to be held for the first time after 1978. Normally, either Census or Panchayat elections alone would have been quite a handful for any state administration ; ·but here in Bihar, the administration was in the unenviable position of having to handle both at the same time. These people, in spite of heavy odds, have worked tirelessly and it is only because of their superhuman efforts that these operations could be carried out successfully and in time. I am grateful to Shri S.N. Biswas and Shri V.S. Dubey, the then Chief Secretaries; Shri Mukund Prasad, present Chief Secretary; Shri Shankar Prasad, the then Secretary and Shri K.A.H. Subrahmanian, the then Land Reforms Commissioner and Commissioner·Cum-Secretary, Rev enue and Land Reforms Department: Shri D.P. Maheshwari, the present Land Reforms Commis sioner and Commissioner-Cum-Secretary, Revenue and Land Reforms Department: Shri Pratyush Sinha, the then Finance Commissioner; Shri N.K. Agarwal. lhe present Finance Commissioner and Shri Bhanu Pratap Sharma, the present Additional Finance Commissioner, from whom I received unstinted support and guidance. I am also grateful to the members of my own organisation for all the strain they took in planning the work and making the conduct of census smooth and successful. While many of them, as the Directorate's representatives in all the districts of Bihar, had to stay away from their families for weeks together, those who stayed back in the headquarters, had to work extremely long hours, extending to even twenty four hours at a stretch in case of some. Without help and guidance from these senior professionals, the old and efficientcensus hands; without a wonderful sense of dedica tion to duty as well as great team effort among all the officers and staff members, this task would have become impossible to achieve. Some retired officers, who had very kindly agreed to associate with us during Census of India 2001 as Census Advisors, were also a source of strength, inspiration and encourageme~t. At this moment, I also wish to thank the Officers and staff ·from the office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India as well as from certain other Directorates who have given me invaluable guidance and support for which I shall ever remain grateful. People of Bihar who extended aU the co-operation and support to the census officials includ ing enumerators and supervisors, deserve my special thanks. Words of praise are due to the All India Radio, Doordarshan and other electronic media as well as print media, who helped us carry the message of Census to the people effectively.
Before concluding I must express my personal indebtedness to Shri J.K. Banthia, Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India whose affectionate guidance was a source of inspira tion at every stage of this gigantic operation.
Patna Sudhir Kumar Rakesh The 27th March, 2001 Director of Census Operations, Bihar
VI List of Officers/Officials involved in preparation of Provisional Population Totals
SI. No. Name Designation
1 Sri Phool Singh Joint Director 2 Sri M.M.A. Beg Deputy Director 3 Sri S.K. Sinha Deputy Director 4 Sri Pradeep Kumar Deputy Director 5 Sri Ragit Sinha Deputy Director 6 Sri J. Lakra Assistant Director 7 Sri KKVerma Assistant Director 8 Sri M. Guria Research Officer (Map) 9 Sri B.K. Shrivastava Printing Officer
C.T.U. Section
10 Sri. P.M. Prasad Investigator 11 Sri T.N.Rukhaiyar Investigator 12 Sri KN.P. Shrivastava Investigator 13 Sri Ganesh Pd. Singh Investigator 14 Sri S.K.Singh Investigator 15 Sri M.K.P. Sharma Statistical Investigator Gr.1II 16 Sri Shyam Pd. Singh Statistical Investigator Gr. III 17 Sri Shailendra Kr. Sinha Statistical Investigator Gr. III 18 Smt. Bina Kujur Statistical Investigator Gr. II! 19 Smt. Usha Kumari Statistical Investigator Gr. III 20 Smt. Sona Kumari Statistical Investigator Gr.111 21 Sri Kishori Sharan Computor 22 Sri Birendra Pd. Singh Comput~r 23 Sri Rajiva Kr. Sinha Computor 24 Sri Deepak Kr. Mishra Computor 25 Sri G.K.Labh Computor 26 Sri Ashok Kr. Sharma Computor 27 Sri Amar Chandra Sinha Comput~r 28 Smt. Rojalia Kujur Computor 29 Sri. Shea Balak Prasad Computor 30 Sri Ashish Kr. Singh Computor 31 Smt. Puja Srivastava Assistant Compiler
Computer Cell
32 Sri. Anup Kr. Verma D.E.O UB" 33 Sri S.S.Srivastava D.E.O"B" 34 Sri N. K. Srivastav D.E.O "B"
VII sr. No. Name Designation
Printing Section
35 Sri Binod Kr. Sinha Printing Inspector
Management Cell 36 Sri Vijay Kumar Sinha Statistical Investigator Gr.1I1 37 Sri P. KJamuar Statistical Investigator Gr.111
Publicity Cell 38 Sri Sanjay Kumar Mishra D.E.O "sn
Confidential Section 39 Sri Suresh Ravidas Confidential Assista'nt 40 Sri Mithilesh Prasad Junior Supervisor 41 Sri C.Dungdung Statisticallnvestigat9r Gr. III 42 Sri Nirmal Kr. Sinha Comput~r
Map Section 43 Sri Indra Kant Mishra Sr. Drawing Assistant 44 Sri Ratan Kr. Roy Draftsman 45 Sri Gyan Shankar Prasad D.E.OuS" 46 Sri Premjeet Kumar Sinha D.E.O"S" 47 Sri Pyare Lal Khandait D.E.O US"
vii~ FIGURES AT A GLANCE - 2001 Census BIHAR i) Number of Districts 37 ii) Area in sq. km. 94163 (Provisional) iii) Total Population - Persons 82878796 Males 43153964 Females 39724832 iv) Decadal Population Growth 1991-2001 (1) Absolute 18348242 (2) Percentage 28.43 v) Population Density 880 vi) Sex Ratio 921 vii) 0-6 Population- (1)Absolute- Persons 16234539 Males 8375532 Females 7859007
(2) Percentage to Persons 19.59 total population- Males 19.41 Females 19.78
viii) Literacy - (1) Absolute Persons 31675607 Males 20978955, Females 10696652
(2) Rate Persons 47.53 Males 60.32 Females 33.57
ix STATE HIGHLIGHTS .. 2001 CENSUS
BIHAR
1. Number of Divisions 9
2. Number of Districts 37
3. Number of Subdivisions 101
4. Number of C.D.Blocks 533
5. Number of Urban Agglomerations 9
6. Number of Towns 130
i) Statutory Towns 125
iifCensus Towns(Non-~tatutory) 5
7. Number of Revenue Villages 45103
8. Most populous district - Patna 4709851 Least populous district - Sheohar 514288
9. District with highest decadal growth - Sheohar 36.16 District with lowest decadal growth - Nalanda 18.64
10. Most densely populated district- Patna 1471 Least densely populated district - Kaimur 382
11. District having highest sex-ratio - Siwan 1033 District having lowest sex-ratio - Patna 873
12. District having highest literacy rate - Patna 63.82 District havin_g lowest literacy rate - Kishanganj 31.02
13. Average population of a district of the state - 2239967
x CENSUS OF INDIA 2001 FOR OFFICiAl USE ONLY
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36' INDIA POSITION OF BIHAR IN INDIA 2001
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INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
Indian Census is among one of the most unique exercises of its kind undertaken anywhere in the world. Having 130 years of glorious history, the Census exercise in India is marked by continuity and credibility. Census has been an uninterrupted exercise, ever since the first one was held in 1872, including the world war periods. From 1881 on wards, India has had a regular and synchronous Census, held every 10 years. in the first.year of every decade.
Originally, the princip~1 objectives of Census were to determine the Military, Tax and Labour obligations of individuals and to asce·rtain changes in their legal status. Attempts for counting of people have been made since ancient times. Evidence has been found that Population Census was prescribed in ARTHASHATRA, written by Kaufi/ya. The principles of governance were evolved by that genius OT political administration, Kautilya, during the days of the Mauryas in the 3rd century B.C. AIN-E-AKBARI, a sixteenth century treatise on the Mughal administration, also lays emphasiS on importance of census as a tool for decision taking. Since early 19th century, however, the scope of Census has expanded and the sphere of its utility has been enlarged. The questions being canvassed during the census operations these days reflect increasing interest of the policy makers in factors such as economic characteris tics, migration, fertility, disability and social security which are indicator parameters of the economic and social deve - lopment of any modern nation. Till the 1931 Census. the main enumeration in India was conducted on a single day. Though the enumerators were required to move in their area for a few weeks and make provisional entries, they finally counted every person on the main day of enumeration. Obviously this method was not considered very convenient. With the improvement in communication facilities etc.• the method of extended enumeration was adopted in 1941 when the enumerators were required to collect the information over a period of thirteen days in the rural areas and twenty days in urban areas. There was also a breakthrough during the 1941 Census when the system of a Revisional Round was introduced and the Census data collected during the enumeration period was updated as on the reference dat~ (and time) Le. sunrise of 1st March. This extended defacto method had been followed in the successive Censuses thereafter and the sunrise of 1 st March had been the reference date (and time) since then, except during 1971 Census, when the enumeration had to be. postponed for a month on account of the mid-term parliamentary elections and the reference date (and time) had to be shifted to 1st April (sunrise). India being a vast country, the census machinery had to face many problems, especially during the earlier Censuses, as the communication systems were yet to be fully developed. Therefore, special arrangements had to be made for certain areas due to remote or mountaineous regions being liable to be snow clad during the enumeration period. Later, with gradual improvement in the communication facilities, all the areas of the country were covered and special arrangements were necessary for only a few areas in the Himalayan regions which were snow clad at the time of enumeration. The coverage of the census during the successive decades increased considerably and except a few isolated pockets, the census was conducted in almost the entire country uniformly thereafter. ' The territorial and administrative divisions of the country as well as its states were undergoing changes in the inter-censal periods with the result that the administrative units for which population data were to be presented in the tables were not always the same. For example, Bengal was divided for the first time in 1905. It was re-unified in 1910, but then was divided yet again in 1911 when the province of Bihar (including the present day Orissa) was carved out of it. Similarly, after the passage of Government of India Act,1935, Burma and Aden ceased to be parts of India. The province of Bihar was also divided as a result of which another new province of Orissa came into existence. There were major changes in 1947 due to partition of the country, the consequent integration of the princely states, and later in 1956. changes were effected due to reorganization of states. For comparison of data of one census with another, it was always necessary to readjust the figures of the earlier censuses with reference to territorial jurisdiction at that particular census for which population figures were required to be published . It has been the tradition to show in the census tables in detail the jurisdictional transfers that took place during the inter-censal periods in different administra tive units and the consequential adjustments in the population. The Census of India, after independence, is conducted under the Census Act, 1948 (Act. 37 of 1948), which is a Central legislation. The Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India is in overall charge of the census operations in the country. At the state level, the Director of Census Operations conducts the census operations with the assistance of Joint Director/Deputy Directors/Assistant Directors etc. of Census Operations, other Census cadre offi cials and the field agencies of the State Government. In the hierarchy of the field functionaries, the District Magistratesl Deputy Commissioners of the districts are notified as the Principal Census Officers and are in overall charge of census operations in their respective districts. They are assisted by Additional Collectors/senior Deputy Collectors/senior district officials who are notified as District Census Officers. Similarly, Subdivisional Officers are appointed as Subdivisional Census Officers, assisted by Deputy Collectors or other sub division level officers who are designated as Assistant Subdivisional Census Officers. The Block Developmenf Officers (in some cases Circle Officers) of com munity development blocks and Executive Officers/ChairmenMce-Chairmen/Special Officers of municipal bodies are appOinted as Charge Officers for Rural charges (C.D. Blocks) and Urban charges (Statutory Towns) respectively. The Block Development Officers are also notified as Charge Officers for the Census Towns (non-statutory towns) falling in their respective community development blocks. Special Charges are created for Military/Para Military establishments. Military/Para Military Officers from these Military/Para Military establishments are nominated as Charge Officers for these Special Charges. Primary/Middle School teachers, Village Level Workers, Panchayat Sevaks. Anganwadi Sevikas, High School Teachers, Tax Collectors etc. are generally appointed as Enumerators and Supervisors. to carry out the Census operations in the field. They constitute the lowest rung of the Census ladder but are the most important Census functionaries. Planning for Census of India 2001 had commenced as far back as the year 1997 itself. Prior to start of important phases of Census of India 2001, viz., Houselisting and Population Enumeration, some important preliminary arrangements were required to be made in order to ensure complete coverage of houses as well as population without any omission or duplication. A few important items of preparatory work are enumerated below:- (i) , Updating of Rural and Urban Frame - finalization of jurisdiction of various administrative units of the state. (ii) Preparation of working maps of different administrative units like DistricUC.D.BlockfTown etc., incorporating changes in jurisdiction and their updating. (iii) Preparation of Census Divisional Maps. (iv) Finalization of Urban Agglomerations (U.A.) in the state. (v) Conduct of pre-test to evaluate and finalize questions evolved for Houselisting as well as Enumeration. Draft questionnaires were developed on the basis of experiences of past Censuses. The final question naires developed were (i) the Houselist Schedule, and (ii) the Household Schedule. These questionnaires can be seen at the end of this publication. (vi) Freezing of Administrative boundaries. (vii) Formation of Houselisting Blocks and Supervisory Circles for Houselisting Operations. (viii) Preparation of Charge Registers for Houselisting Operations. (ix) Allotment of Location codes to various Administrative units like the State, Districts, C.D. Blocks, Towns and Villages etc. For the first time eight - digit location codes were allotted to all the Revenue Villages in the State in a continuously running serial. (x) Appointment of various field Census functionaries. (xi) Training to various census functionaries in connection with Houselisting Operations.
(xii) Conduct of Post Enumeration survey in selected units after Houselistin_g Operations.
~, (xiii) Reconstitution and formation of Enumeration Blocks for Population Enumeration work after Houselisting Operations.
(xiv) Preparation of Abridged Houselists on the basis of Houselisting ,Operations. (xv) Preparation of new Charge Registers.
(xvi) Appointment of Enumerators & Supervisors for Population Enumeration
4 (xvii) Training to various Census functionaries for conduct of Population Enumeration. The Census of India 2001, which is fourteenth in the uninterrupted series of Censuses of India, sixth after Independence and first of the third Millennium as well as of the 21st century, was conducted in two stages, viz., 1. Houselisting Operations were undertaken and completed between the 15th of May and the 15th of June, 2000. 2. Population Enumeration was conducted between 9th and 28th February, 2001 (both days inclusive), followed by Revisional Round from 1st to 5th March, 2001. One of the main objectives of tho Houselisting Operations was to number and Jist out all the physical units of construction which were used or were likely to be used for different purposes, residential or otherwise. in order to provide a base for Population Enumeration, which was due to be held about 8 months after the completion of Houselisting Operations. Another objective of conducting Houselisting was to provide a comprehensive data base after assessing the living conditions in human settlements, the possible housing deficit and future housing reqairements. Houselisting Operations have also provided data on various amenities available to the households. After conduct of the Houselisting Operations and before commencement of the training programme for the field Census functionaries in connection with Population Enumeration work, the state of Bihar was bifurcated and a separate Jharkhand State was carved out of it with effect from 15th November, 2000. After creation of the new Jharkhand State, the administrative set-up of the states of Bihar and Jharkhand stood as under: Name of Administrative Units Bihar State Jharkhand State 1. Divisions 9 4 2. Districts 37 18 3. Subdivisions 101 33 4. C.D.Blocks 533 210 5. Towns 130 152 (i) Statutory Towns 125 44 (ii) Census (Non-Statutory) Towns 5 108 6. Revenue Villages 45103 32615
The Directorate of Census operations, Bihar was entrusted additional responsibility to undertake the Census Operations of the newly created Jharkhand State also and the Director of Census Operations, Bihar was asked to carry out Census work for the state of Jharkhand as well. During Population Enumeration, which was conducted between the 9th of February and the 28th of February, 2001, a Household Schedule containing 23 questions was canvassed. This Household Schedule had 2 sides • ~J & 'B'. Side ~'contained questions 1 to 15, while side 'B' had questions 16 to 23. Side 'B' also contained a separate part which required information about households engaged in cultivationl plantation. Through the 23 question mentioned earlier, socia-cultural, economic and demographic details in respect of each individual o(each household were collected in Household Schedules. Houseless population was also enumerated during night hours of 28th February, 2001 wherever they were found on that particular night. During the Revisional Round ( 1 - 5 March 2001), data col lected during the enumeration period was updated with reference to 00.00 Hrs. of 1st March, 2001 - the reference date. .
The information collected from individualslhouseholds during Census is kept strictly confidential under provi sions of Census Act, 1948 (Act. 37 of 1948). Census records are neither open to inspection nor are these admissible in evidence, according to the provisions of this Act. It is necessary to highlight important changes which were made for the Census of India 2001. Some of the new features incorporated into Population Enumeration phase of Census of India 2001 are listed below:- (i) Individual particulars for members of households were collected in Household Schedules instead of Individual Slips. (ii) Information on Age at marriage was collected for males also. (iii) Question on type of disability was canvassed for every individual. (iv) Type of educational institution attended by a person also included School, College, vocational institute and other institute and literacy center.
5 (v) The scope of the term 'Cultivation' was expanded to include certain other crops such as tobacco, fruits and vegetables etc. (vi) Production of milk for self consumption was considered as an economic activity.
(vii) Question on seeking/available for work was canvassed for marginal workers also. (viii) In case of other workers (OW), information regarding distance to the place of work and the mode of travel was also collected. (ix) Information with regard to number of children- males and females separately- born during last one year was collected. (x) Question on households engaged in cultivatio!1/plantation was introduced. (xi) Provision for the respondent to sign the Household schedule was made for the first time. , Keeping in view the technological advancement which has taken place in the country, it has been decided that filled in Census Schedules will be read through scanners in order to generate various tables pertaining to Census of India 2001. For this purpose the Houselist Schedule as well as the Household Schedule were designed in a particular manner so as to be computer compatible. Immediately after the Houselisting Operations were over in the state during May-June, 2000, a post Houselisting survey was undertaken in a few selected rural and urban sample units to determine the accuracy of the Houselisting work done in the state. A similar exercise (Post-Enumeration Survey) is contemplated for the Population Enumeration also to ascertain the accuracy of the information collected regarding certain characteristics of the population which will help in estimating the content and coverage errors, if any. Large scale publicity measures adopted during Census of India 2001 have helped tremendously in getting public co-operation for condtH~ting the Census in a proper manner. Publicity campaign with the help of electronic media, . newspapers, appeals by the Hon'ble Governor, the Hon'ble Chief Minister, Chief Secretary and other distinguished personalities have helped tremendously in creating awareness among the people. Voluntary organisations also gave a helping hand in creating awareness among the masses. Census Helplines were established in each district/subdivi sion/charge before commencement of Population Enumeration in order to resolve the technical difficulties encoun tered by the enumerators during population enumeration work as also to register and redress public complaints. All these measures proved very effective in enlisting public co-operation .
.6 ANALYSIS OF RESULTS
ANALYSIS OF RESULTS
There were 42 districts in the state of Bihar at the time of 1991 Census. The number of districts in the state had gone up to 55 before the first phase of Census of India 2001, viz., the Houselisting Operations began. However, after the new state of Jharkhand was carved out of the territory of the composite state of Bihar on the 15th of November, 2000, the leftover portion of Bihar now consists of 37 districts only. Of the old districts which were there during 1991 Census, a few viz, Sitamarhi, Saharsa, Munger, Bhagalpur, Bhojpur and Rohtas have been split up and they now comprise 14 districts - Sitamarhi, Sheohar, Saharsa, Supaul, Munger, Jamui, Lakhisarai, Sheikhpura, Bhagalpur, Banka, Bhojpur. Buxar, Rohtas 'and Kaimur. The jurisdiction of the new districts created after 1991 Census as also of those districts from which they have been carved out, are given below:- District Jurisdiction 1. Sheohar Sheohar Subdivision of old Sitamarhi District during 1991 Census. 2. Sitamarhi Sitamarhi district during 1991 Census except Sheohar Subdivision. 3. Supaul Birpur and Supaul Subdivisions of old Saharsa District during 1991 Census. 4. Saharsa Saharsa Sa dar Subdivision of old Saharsa District during 1991 Census. 5. Banka Banka Subdivision of old Bhagalpur District during 1991 Census. 6. Bhagalpur Bhagalpur Sadar and Naugachhia Subdivisions of old Bhagalpur District during 1991 Census. 7. Sheikhpura Sheikhpura Subdivision of old Munger District during 1991 Census and 24 villages of Lakhisarai District (old Lakhisarai Subdivision of old Munger District) and 2 villages of Nalanda District. 8. Lakhisarai Lakhisarai Subdivision of old Munger DistriSheikhpura District). 9. Jamui jamui Subdivision of old Munger District during 1991 Census. 10. Munger Munger Sadar Subdivision of old Munger District during 1991 ,Census. 11. Nalanda Nalanda District during 1991 Census excluding 2 villages which have been transferred to , newly created Sheikhpura District. . 12. Buxar Buxar Subdivision of old Bhojpur District during 1991 Census. 13. Bhojpur Arrah Sadar Subdivision of old Bhojpur District during 1991 Census. 14. Kaimur Bhabua Subdivision of old Rohtas District during 1991 Census. 15. Rohtas Sasaram and Bikarmganj Subdivisions of old Rohtas Districts during 1991 Census. The jurisdiction of the rest 22 districts have remained the same as in 1991. Nalanda district (at sl.no.11 above) also has not been s;llit up in the sense that only two of its erstwhile villages have been transferred to the newly created district of Sheikhpura.
The provisional population totals being giv~n here are based on the Enumerators' Abstract prepared by the Enumerators of the concerned Enumeration blocks, after completing the work of revisional round of population enumeration. These results have been aggregated at the Charge (Community Development Blockffown/Special Charge) and District levels. The following four tables, based on Provisional Population totals of Bihar during Census of India 2001, are presented in this paper:
I TABLE -1 Population distribution, percentage decadal growth rate. sex-ratio and population density:. TABLE -2 Percentage decadal variation in population since 1901 for state and districts. TABLE-3 Sex - ratio since 1901 for state and districts. TABLE -4 Population in the age-group 0-6, Number of literates, Literacy rate for state and districts.
Five statements, based on the above tables, have also been prepared, presented and dealt with in the Analysis portion pertaining to results. DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION AND GROWTH RATE
At 00.00 hours of 1st March, 2001, the state of Bihar, with an area of 94163 sq. kms. approximately, had a population of 82878796 persons. Till 1991 Census, the composite state of Bihar was·the second most populous state in the country (containing slightly more than 10 percent of the country's population), next only to Uttar Pradesh. How ever, after bifurcation of the state of Bihar and creation of the new state of Jharkhand, the rank of Bihar among the states of India has slipped down to third, the states of Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra occupying the first and the second position respectively. The following statement shows the relative position of Bihar among the 28 States and 7 Union Territories of the country : PROVISIONAL POPULATION TOTALS 2001 FIGURES AT A GLANCE
Population distribution, percentage decadal growth, sex ratio, population density and literacy rate
State! India!States! Population 2001 Percentage Sex ratio Population Literacy rate 2001 UT Union territories· decadal (females per density Code growth 1000 males) (per sq. km.)
Persons Males Females 1981- 1991- 1991 2001 1991 2001 Persons Males Females 1991 2001 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 India 1.2.3 1027015247 531277078 495738169 23.86 21.34 927 933 267 324 65.38 75.85 54.16 1 Jammu & Kashmir • 10069917 5300574 4769343 30.34 29.04 896 900 77 99 54.46 65.75 41.82 2 Himachal Pradesh 5.7 6077248 3085256 29919Q2 20.79 17.53 976 970 93 109 77.13 86.02 68.08 3 Punjab 24289296 12963362 11325934 20.81 19.76 882 874 403 482 69.95 75.63. 63.55 4 Chandigarh • 900914 508224 392690 42.16 40.33 790 773 5632 7903 81.76 85.65 76.65 5 Uttaranchal 8479562 4316401 4163161 24.23 19.20' 936 964 133 159 72.28 84.01 60.26 6 Haryana 21082989 11~27658 9755331 27.41, 28.06 865 861 372 !t77 68.59 79.25 56.31 7 Delhi· 13782976 7570890 621208!5 . 51.45 46.31 827 821 6352 9294 81.82 '87.37 75.00 8 Rajasthan 56473122 29381657 27091465 28.44 28.33 910 922 129 165 61.03 76.46 '44.34 9 Uttar Pradesh 166052859 87466301 78586558 25.55 25.80 876 898 548 689 "57.36 70.23 42.98 10 Bihar 82878796 43153964 39724832 23.38 28.43 907 921 685 880 47.53 . 60.32 33.57 11 Sikkim 540493 288217 252276 28.47 32.98' 878 875 57 76 69.68 76.73 61.46 12 Arunachal Pradesh 1091117 573951 517166 36.83 26.21 B59 901 10 13 54.74 64.07 44.24 13 Nagaland 1988636 10416B6 946950 56.0B 64.41 886 909 73 120 67.11 71.77 61.92 14 Manipur 2388634 1207338 1181296 29.29 30.02 958 978 82 107 68.87 77.87 59.70 15 Mizoram 891058 459783 431275 39.70 29.18. 921 938 33 42 '88.49 90:69 86.13. 16 Tripura 3191168 1636138 1555030 34.30 15.74 945 950 263 304 73.66 81.47 65.41 17 Meghalaya 2306069 1167840 1138229 32.86 29.94 955 975 79 103 63.31 66.14 60.41 18. Assam 26638407 13787799 12850608 24.24 18.85 923 932 286 340 64.28 • 71.93 56.03 19 West Bengal 80221171 41487694 38733477 24.73 17.84 917 934.' 767 904 69.22 77.58 60.22 20 Jharkhand 26909428 13861277 13048151 24.03 23.19 922 941 274 338 54.13 67.94 39.38 21 Orissa 36706920 18612340 18094580 20.06 15.94 971 972 203 236 63.61 75.95 50.97 22 Chhatisgarh 20795956 10452426 10343530 25.73 18.06 '985 990 130 154 65.18 77.86 52.40 23 Madhya Pradesh 60385118 31456873 28928245 27.24 24.34 .912 920 158 196 64.11 76.80 50.28 24 Gujarat 6,7 50596992 26344053 24252939 21.19 22.48 934 921 21.:1 258 69.97 -80.50 58.60 25 Daman & Diu· 158059 92478 65581 . ~8.62· 55.59 969 709 907 1411 ' 81:09 .88.40 70.37 26 Oadar & Nagar Haveli 220451 121731 98720 -33.57 59.20 952 811 282 449 60.03 73:32 42.99 27 Maharashtra 96752247 50334270 464.17977 25.73 22.57 934 922 257 314 77.27 86.27 67.51 28 Andhra Pradesh 75727541 3828_Q811 37440730 24.20 13.86 972 978 242 275 61.11 70.85 51.17
11 State! India!States! Population 2001 Percentage Sex ratio Population Literacy rate 2001 UT Union territories· decadal (females per density Code growth 1000 males) (per sq. km.) Persons Males Females 1981- 1991- 1991 2001 1991 2001 Persons Males Females 1991 2001 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 29 Karnataka 52733958 26856343 25877615 21.12 17.25 960 964 235 275 67.04 76.29 57.45 30 Goa 1343998 685617 658381 16.08 14.89 967 960.. 316 363 82.32 88.88 75.51 31 Lakshadweep • 60595 31118 29477 28.47 17.19 943 947 1616 1894 87.52 93.15 81.56 32 Kerala 31838619 15468664 16369955 14.32 9.42 1036 1058 749 819 90.92 94.20 87.86 33 Tamil Nadu 62110839 31268654 30842185 15.39 11.19 974 986 429 478 73.47 82.33 64.55 34 Pondicherry • 973829 486705 487124 33.64 20.56 979 1001 1683 ,2029 81.49 88.89 74:13 35 Andaman Nicobar Island' 356265 192985 163280 48.70 26.94 818 846 34 43 81.18 86.07 75.29
Notes: 1. The Population of India includes the estimated population of entire Kachchh district, Morvi, Maliya-Miyana and Wankaner talukas of Rajkot district, Jodiya taluka of Jamnagar district of Gujarat state and entire Kinnaur district of Himachal Pradesh where population enumeration of Census of India 2001 could not be conducted due to natural calamities. 2. For working out the population density of India and Jammu & Kashmir the entire area and population of those areas of Jammu & Kashmir which are under illegal occuption of Pakistan and China have not been taken into account. 3. The literacy rates for India have been worked out by excluding the population and number of literates of areas affected by natural calamities of Gujarat and Himachal Pradesh as per details given in Note 1 above. 4. While working out the percentage decadal growth of population of Jammu & Kashmir the population Figures for 1991 have been worked out by interpolation as 1991 Census could not be held there owing to disturbed conditions. 5. Figures shown against Himachal Pradesh have been arrived al after including the estimated figures of entire Kinnaur district of Himachal Pradesh where the population enumeration of Census of India,2001 could not be conducted due to natural calamity. - 6. Figures shown against Gujarat have been arrived at after including the estimated figures of entire Kachchh district, Morvi, Maliya-Miyana and Wankaner talukas of Rajkot district, Jodiya taluka of Jamnagar district of Gujarat state where the population enumeration of Census of India, 2001 could not be conducted due to natural calamity. 7. literacy rates shown against Himachal Pradesh and Gujarat do.not include areas affected by natural calamities, the details of which are given in Note-1above. The following statement shows the population distribution, percentage decadal growth rate, sex-ratio and density of population for Bihar and India. Figures at a Glance for India and Bihar
Population distribution, Percentage d~cadal growth rate, Sex-ratio and Population density
51. In~ial5tate Populafion 2001 Percentage decadal 5ex-ratio(Number of Population density No. Growth rate females per 1000 per sq. km. males) Persons Males Females 1981-91 1991-01 1991 2001 1991 2001·
1 . 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 INDIA 1027015247 531277078 495738169 23.86 21.34 927 933 267 324
~ BIHAR 82878796 43153984 39724832 23.38 28.43 907 921 685 880
• Area figure of the state on the basis of which population density has been worked out is provisional It can be viewed that the growth of population in the compOSite state of Bihar had been slightly lower than that of India during 1981-1991. However, in the last decade (1991-2001), the growth of population in Bihar has increased roughly by 5 percentage points, being 28.43 percent as against 21.34 percent in India. The state of Bihar now contains 8.07 percent of the country's population according to the provisional population results. The distribution of population in relation to the districts, which are the main units of administration in the state as .well as the country, can be seen from Table -1 placed at Annexure-2. It is a common phenomenon that there are wide variations in almost every state in respect of'area and population among the districts. In statement-1 below, all the districts in the state have been ranked in order of their population:
12 Statement - 1 Ranking of Districts by population size in 1991 and 2001 Rank in District Population Percent to total Population Percent to total Rank in 1991 2001 2001 Population of the State 1991 population of the 2001 State 1991 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 Patna 4709851 5.68 3618211 5.61 1 2 Purba Champaran 3933636 4.75 3043061 4.72 2 3 Muzaffarpur 3743836 4.52 2953903 4.58 3 4 Madhubani 3570651 4.31 2832024 4.39 4 5 Gaya 3464983 4.18 2664803 4.13 6 6 Samastipur 3413413 4.12 2716929 4.21 5 7 Darbhanga 3285473 3.96 2510959 3.89 8 8 Saran 3251474 3.92 2572980 3.99 7 9 Pashchim Champaran 3043044 3.67 2333666 3.62 9 10 Vaishali 2712389 3.27 2146065 3.33 11 11 Siwan 2708840 3.27 2170971 3.36 10 12 I Sitamarhi 2669887 3.22 2013796 3.12 12 13 Pumia 2540788 3.07 1878885 2.91 16 14 Rohtas 2448762 2.95 1917416 2.97 14 15 Bhagalpur 2430331 2.93 1909967 2.96 15 16 Katihar 2389533 2.88 1825380 2.83 17 17 Nalanda 2368327 2.86 1996257 - 3.09 13 18 Begusarai 2342989 2.83 1814773 2.81 18 19 Bhojpur 2233415 2.69 1792771 2.78 19 20 Gopalganj 2149343 2.59 1704310 2.64 20 21 Araria 2124831 2.56 1611638 2.50 21 22 Aurangabad 2004960 2.42 1539988 2.39 22 23 Nawada 1809425 2.18 1359694 2.11 23 24 Supaul 1745069 2.11 1342841 2.08 24 25 Banka 1608778 1.94 1292504 2.00 25 26 Madhepura 1524596 1.84 1177706 1.83 26 27 Jehanabad 1511406 1.82 1174900 1.82 27 28 Saharsa 1506418 1.82 1132413 1.75 28 29 Buxar 1403462- 1.69 1087676 1.69 29 30 Jamui 1397474 1.69 1051527 1.63 30 31 Kishanganj 1294063 1.56 984107 1.53 32 32 Kaimur 1284575 1.55 983269 1.52 33 33 Khagaria 1276677 1.54 987227 1.53 31 34 Munger 1135499 1.37 943583 1.46 34 35 Lakhisarai 801173 0.97 646395 1.00 35 36 Sheikhpura 525137 0.63 420260 0.65 36 37 Sheohar 514288 0.62 377699 0.59 37 From the point of population distribution, the three top districts in Bihar are Patna (5.68%), Purba Champaran (4.75%) and Muzaffarpur (4.52%). These three districts have retained their rank and position vis-a-vis 1991 Census. Patna is the most populous district of the State. The three districts at the bottom are Sheohar (0.62%), Sheikhpura (0.63%) and Lakhisarai (0.97%). All these three districts are newly created districts, carved out of the old districts of Sitamarhi (Sheohar) and Munger (Sheikhpura and Lakhisarai) after 1991 Census. Sheohar is now the least populous district of the state. The average population of a district in Bihar works out to be 2239967. It is noteworthy that 11 out of the top 13 districts in order of population are from the North Bihar region, Patna and Gaya being the two exceptions which belong to the Bihar Central region. The comparative distribution of population among the districts has been depicted in the diagram presented in' this paper.
13 GROWTH RATE OF POPULATION IN DISTRICTS
The population of a country or its constituent states keep changing over a period of time. The excess of incidence of births over that of deaths causes an increase in the population of 'the country or the state and this is termed as 'natural increase'. Migration is another important factor for population variation, though, normally it does not have a substantial effect on the population growth of any country or state. Hence, it is mainly the interaction of births and deaths that alters the population status of any country or state.
I Table - 2 placed at Anne¥ure - 2 shows the districtwise decadal variation in population since 1901. The diagram depicting the decennial growth rate (1901-2001) of Bihar is presented in this paper.. It is observed from Table - 2 that the growth rate has shown very wide fluctuations in the districts over the d~cades. During 1901-11, while the state and most of its districts have shown an increase in growth rate of their population, the districts of Patna, Nalanda, Bhojpur, Buxar, Kaimur, Rohtas, Saran, Siwan and Gopalganj have shown a decrease in their population size although the decrease has been very nominal in case of Patna and Nalanda. During 1911-21, when the population of the state and most of the districts decreased, there was an increase in population in Saran, Siwan, Gopalganj, Pashchim Champaran, Purba Champaran, Purnia, Katihar, Araria and Kishanganj districts of north Bihar. From the decade 1921-31 onwards, no district in the state registered a negative growth rate, Le. decline in. population, although fluctuations were noticed in the population growth rate among the districts in all the succeeding decades. From the decade 1951-61, almost all the districts had started showing substantial increase in the growth rate of population. In the decade 1991-2001, as many as 22 districts have recorded population growth rate higher than the state average (28.43%) among which the newly created district of Sheohar ranks first (36. 16%}. The district with lowest population growth rate during the decade is Nalanda (18.64%) which, in fact, has shown a decline in the population growth rate vis-a-vis 1981-91 (21.73%).
14 .SEX· RATIO
It has been observed during various Censuses that the number of males and females are rarely at parity, the males generally outnumbering the females. The s~x-ratio, expressed as the number of females per 1000 males, indicates whether there is any deficiency or surplus of females in the population. The sex-ratio is said to be favourable to the females if the number of females exceeds that of the males, and adverse, if the opposite holds good. Table - 3 placed at Annexure -3 presents sex-ratio of the population for the state and the districts from 1901 onwards. As may be seen, the sex-ratio for the state has been favourable to females till 1961 except in the year 1931 when it came down to 995. After 1961, sex ratio has always remained unfavourable to females and the general trend during this period, over the decades, is that of decreasing sex ratio with exceptions of increases in 1961 and the present Census Le. Census of India 2001. There has been an increase of 14 points in the sex ratio of Bihar at 2001 Census (921) vis-a-vis 1991 Census (907). The sex ratio in Bihar since 1901 had always remained higher than that for the country as a whole till 1981 Census. However, the sex ratio of 911 for the composite state of Bihar and 907 of the leftover Bihar (after separation of Jharkhand) state, recorded in 1991, is much below the national sex ratio of 927. At the Census of India 2001, sex ratio of Bihar at 921 is still lower as compared to the national sex ratio which is 933. States having higher sex ratio than that of Bihar are Kerala (1058), Chhatisgarh (990), Tamilnadu (986), Andhra Pradesh (978), Manipur (978), Meghalaya (975), Orissa (972), Himachal Pradesh, (970), Uttaranchal (964), Karnataka (964), Goa (960), Tripura (950), West Bengal (944), Jharkhand (941), Mizoram (938), Assam (932), Rajasthan (922) and Maharashtra (922). The state of Gujarat has recorded the same sex ratio (921) as has been observed in case of Bihar. Kerala is the only state in the country which has recorded a favourable sex ratio for females according to the provisional population figures of Census of India 2001. . It can further be seen from Table 3 placed at Annexure - 3 that Gopalganj, Siwan, Saran and Nawada are the four districts where sex-ratio had always remained favourable to the females right from 1901. to 1981. However, Siwan has had the privilege of having a favourable sex-ratio till Census of India 2001. There are a'few districts such as Sheohar, Sitamarhi, Madhubani, Darbhanga, Muzaffarpur, Vaishali and Samastipur where a favourable sex-ratio had been an important phenomenon of population characteristics till 1961 Census but the sex-ratio has shown a declining trend thereafter. However, according to the provisional population figures, sex-ratio has shown an upward trend during 2001 Census in all the districts of Bihar with the sole exception of Bhojpur district. where the sex-ratio has slightly declined and Vaishali district, where the sex-ratio has remained unchanged. Statement - 2 below helps to assess the comparative position of sex-ratio in 37 districts of the state during 1991 and 2001 Censuses. Statement - 2 Ranking of Districts by Sex-ratio - Rank in District Sex-ratio (Number of females per 1000 males) Rank in 1991 2001 2001 1991 1 2 3 4 5 1 Siwan 1033 1017 1 2 Gopalganj 1005 968 2 3 Saran 965 963 3 4 Nawada 948 936 4 5 Madhubani 943 932 6 6 Kishanganj 940 933 5 7 Gaya 937 922 8
15 Rank in District Sex-ratio (Number of females per 1000 males) Rank in 1991 2001 2001 1991 1 2 3 4 5 8 Aurangabad 936 915 11 9 Muzaffarpur 928 904 15 10 Jehanabad 928 919 10 11 Samastipur 927 926 7 12 Lakhisarai 923 880 31 13 Vaishali 921 921 9 14 Sheikhpura 920 896 22 15 Supaul 920 904 16 16 Katihar 919 909 13 17 Jamui 917 903 18 18 Pumia 916 903 19 19 Araria 916 907 14 20 Nalanda 915 898 20 21 Madhepura 915 885 25 22 Darbhanga 914 911 12 23 Begusarai 911 898 21 24 Saharsa 910 884 26 25 Rohtas 909 894 23 26 Banka 908 893 24 27 Kaimur 907 884 27 28 Buxar 901 884 28 29 Pashchim Champaran 901 877 32 30 Bhojpur 900 904 17 31 Purba Champaran 898 883 30 32 Sheohar 896 876 33 33 Sitamarhi 893 884 29 34 Khagaria 890 868 34 35 Munger 878 856 37 36 Bhagalpur 878 864 36 37 Patna 873 867 35
From the statement, it would appear that sex-ratio is favourable to females only in two districts viz, Siwan (1033) and Gopalganj (1005) during 2001 Census. These two districts occupied the first two positions at the time of 1991 Census also, but then Gopalganj district had recorded a sex-ratio (968) of less than the parity level. While Saran and Nawada districts have also retained their position during the two Censuses, Madhubani and Kishanganj have exchanged their places. Lakhisarai district, which was at the 31 st position during 1991 Census, has shown a significant improvement and has climbed up to the 12th position. Bhojpur is the only district in the state which has recorded a downward trend in sex ratio over the decade and slipped down to the 30th position during present census from the 17th position which it occupied during 1"991 census. The sex ratio of Patna district (873) is the lowest during 2001 Census, followed by Bhagalpur (878) and Munger (878) districts. During 1991 Census also, these three districts occupied the lowest positions ~ith slight variations in ranking. There are as many as 12 districts viz, Siwan (1033), Gopalganj (1005), Saran (965), Nawada (948), Madhubani (943), Kishanganj (940), Gaya (937), Aurangabad (936), Muzaffarpur (928), Jehanabad (928), Samastipur (927) and Lakhisarai (923), which have recorded sex-ratio higher than the state average of 921 during 2001 Census and Vaishali is the only district which equals the sex-ratio of the state.
16 DENSITY OF POPULATION
Population in relation to the area is termed as population density. In this paper, the number of persons living in an area of one square kilometer has been taken as the density of population (persons/km2) .. It can be seen from Table - 1 placed at Annexure - 1 that the density of population, i.e. number of persons per sq.km. in Bihar is 880 during 2001 Census as against 685 at the time of 1991 Census. After bifurcation of the state of Bihar and creation of the new state of Jharkhand, the density of this state has considerably increased, since Bihar possesses comparatively less geographical -area to its share in proportion to population size, while Jharkhand state is much sparsely populated in c~mparison to the area that has come to its share. This has resulted in sudden rise in population density of the left over Bihar state. Bihar now ranks second in density of population among the 28 states of the country and comes only after the state of West Bengal which has a population density of 904. All other states have lower densities in varying degrees. The position of different districts of the state, so far population density is concerned, during 1991 and 2001 Census is shown in the statement - 3 below:
Statement - 3 Ranking of Districts by Population Density
Rank in 2001 District Population density Rank in 1991 2001* 1991 1 2 3 4 5 1 Patna 1471 1130 1 2 Darbhanga 1442 1102 2 3 Vaishali 1332 1054 3 4 Saran 1231 974 5 5 Begusarai 1222 946 6 6 Siwan 1221 978 4 7 Sitamarhi 1214 915 9 8 Muzaffarpur 1180 931 8 9 Samastipur 1175 936 7 10 Sheohar 1161 853 10 11 Gopalganj 1057 838 12 12 Madhubani 1020 809 13 13 Nalanda 1006 848 11 14 Purba Champaran 991 767 14 15 Jehanabad 963 749 15 16 Bhagalpur 946 743 16 17 Bhojpur 903 725 17 18 Saharsa 885 665 19 19 Buxar 864 670 18 20 Khagaria 859 664 21 21 Madhepura 853 659 22 22 Munger 800 665 20 23 Purnia 787 582 25 24 Katihar 782 597 24
17 Rank in 2001 District Population density Rank in 1991 2001* 1991 1 -- 2 3 4 5 25 Sheikhpura 762 610 23 26 Araria 751 569 26 27 Nawada 726 545 28
28 Supaul 724 , 557 27 29 Gaya 696 536 29 30 Kishanganj 687 522 31 31 Lakhisarai 652 526 30 32 Rohtas 636 498 32 33 Aurangabad 607 466 33 34 Pashchim Champaran 582 446 34 35 Banka 533 428. 35 36 Jamui 451 339 36 37 Kaimur 382 292 37 '* Area figures of the districts on the basis of which population densities have been worked out are provisional. Change in population density mainly depends on the rate of population growth and the land utilisation patterns. Accordingly, the density varies from place to place and from district to district. It can be seen from the statement above that among the districts'patna is the most densely populated (1471) district, followed by Darbhanga (1442) and Vaishali (1332). In 1991 Census also, these districts stood at the same positions although their population density has in creased considerably over the decade on account of growth in population during 1991_-2001, while the geographical area virtually remains the same during the decade. It transpires from th~ statement above that Patna, Darbhanga, Vaishali, Saran, Begusarai, Siwan, Sitamarhi. Muzaffarpur. Samastipur, Sheohar. Gopalganj. Madhubani and Nalanda are high density districts (population density ranging between 1000 and 1500) while Gaya, Kishanganj, Lakhisarai, Rohtas, Aurangabad, Paschim Champaran. Banka, Jamui and Kaimur are C?omparatively low density districts (popula tion density ranging between 300 and 700). The labels of two extreme densities go to Patna (1471) and the newly created district of Kaimur (382). All the low density districts of composite Bihar, according to 1991 Census, now fall in the newly created state of Jharkhand. There are as many as 18 districts in the present state of Bihar whose population density is higher than the state average of 880.
18 LITERACY
One of the important characteristics of the population, on which information is obtained in the census, is literacy. For the purpose of census, a person is deemed to be literate if he or she can read and write with an under standing of any language. A person who can merely read but cannot write is not considered as literate. A person could, however, be a literate without having had any formal education or having passed any minimum educational standard. Ability to merely sign one's name is not adequate to qualify a person as literate. In the earlier Censuses i.e. till 1971, all children of the age of 4 years and less were treated as illiterate, even if some among them attended school and had picked up reading and writing of a few odd words. However, since 1981, the population aged seven years and above is to be classified as literate or illiterate. In view of this, during 2001 Census, the question on literacy was canvassed only for pl)pulation aged seven years and above. Following this criterion, the total number of persons returned as literate in Bihar in 2001 Census is 31675607. Males greatly outnumber females, as among the total literates 20978955 are males and 10696652 females, that is to say, for everY 2 literate males there is only 1 literate female. Male literacy rate is almost double (60.32) the female literacy rate (33.57) in Bihar according to Census of India 2001. It can be noted from Table - 4 placed at Annexure - 4 that literacy rate for Bihar, according to the provisional population totals in 2001 Census, is 47.53 percent as against 37.49 percent in 1991 Census. Although the literacy rate in the state has increased by roughly 10 percentage points during 1991-2001, it is still low as compared to the all India average of 65.38 percent. However, it can be said that literacy rates have shown an upward trend over the decade for both males and females (females having an edge over males). The male literacy rate has gone up to 60.32 percent in 2001 from 51.47 percent in 1991 while the female literacy rate has gone up to 33.57 percent in 2001 from 21.99 percent in 1991. The sexwise comparative literacy rates for males and females over last six decades (1951 to 2001) can be viewed from statement - 4 placed below: Statement - 4
Literacy Rate 1951-2001
Year Persons Males Females 1 2 3 .t! 1951 13.49 22.68 4.22 1961 21.95 35.85 8.11 , 1971 23.17 35.86 9.86 1981 32.32 47.11 16.61 1991 37.49 51.37 21.99 2001 47.53 60.32 33.57 Note: Literacy rates for 1951,1961 and 1971 relate to population aged five years and above. The rates for the years 1981 to 2001 relate to population aged seven years and above. It is evident from the above statement that literacy rates for both males and females are improving over the decades in the state. The literacy rate for Bihar has, however, remained lower than the all India average for all the Census years. It is, however, worthwhile to note that literacy rates for 1951,1961 and 1971 relate to population aged five years and above. The rates for the years 1981 to 2001 relate to population aged seven years and above. In the statement - 5 given below, comparative literacy rates for males and females in the districts of Bihar during 1991 and 2001 Censuses have been presented:
19 Statement - 5 Literacy rates by sex for State and Districts
SI. State/District Literacy rate * No Persons Males Females 1991 2001 1991 2001 1991 2001 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Bihar State 37.49 47.53 51.37 60.32 21.99 33.57 1 Pashchim Champaran 27.99 39.63 39.62 51.91 14.41 25.85 2 Purba Champaran 27.59 38.14 39.65 50.14 13.69 24.65 3 Sheohar 26.18 37.01 36.36 45.54, 14.34 27.43 4 Sitamarhi 28.49 39.38 39.86 51.02 15.49 26.35 5 Madhubani 33.22 42.35 48.49 57.26 16.75 26.56 6 Supaul 28.11 37.80 40.96 53.23 13.74 21.02 7 Araria 26.19 34.94 36.99 46.50 14.01 22.14 8 Kishanganj 22.22 31.02 33.12 42.80 10.38 18.49 9 Purnia 28.52 35.51 38.92 46.16 16.80 23.72 10 Katihar 28.70 35.29 39.24 45.51 16.88 24.03 11 Madhepura 27.72 36.19 39.31 48.87 14.41 22.31 12 Saharsa 29.98 39.28 42.37 52.04 15.83 25.31 13 Darbhanga - 34.94 44.32 48.31 57.18 20.09 30.35 14 Muzaffarpur 36.11 48.15 48.44 60.19 22.33 35.20 15 Gopalganj 34.96 48.19 51.62 63.81 17.75 32.81 16 Siwan 39.13 52.01 57.51 67.67 21.33 37.26 17 Saran 41.79 52.01 60.18 67.81 22.71 35.74 18 Vaishali 40.56 51.63 55.62 64.00 24.08 38.14 19 Samastipur 36.37 45.76 50.39 57.83 21.17 32.69 20 Begusarai 36.88 48.55 48.66 59.71 23.52 36.21 21 Khagaria 32.33 41.56 42.97 52.02 19.79 29.62 22 Bhagalpur 41.84 50.28 53.41 60.11 28.11 38.83 23 Banka 34.55 43.40 48.17 56.28 18.99 29.10 24 Munger 52.25 60.11 64.95 70.68 37.07 47.97 25 Lakhisarai 39.40 48.21 53.12 60.97 23.48 34.26 26 Sheikhpura 40.92 49.01 55.43 62.56 24.41 34.13 27 Nalanda 46.95 53.64 61.95 66.94 29.97 39.03 28 Patna 56.33 63.82 69.07 73.81 41.35 52.17
29 Bhojpur - 48.18 59.71 66.35 74.78 27.95 42.81 30 Buxar 33.49 57.49 62.94 72.82 25.74 40.36 31 Kaimur 39.35 55.57 55.68 70.57 20.69 38.90 32 Rohtas 48.52 62.36 64.50 76.54 30.29 46.62 33 Jehanabad 45.83 56.03 63.11 70.90 26.81 40.08 34 Aurangabad 45.14 57.50 61.80 71.99 26.67 42.04 35 Gaya 40.47 51.07 55.22 63.81 24.20 37.40 36 Nawada 38.96 47.36 54.85 61.22 21.82 32.64 37 Jamui 33.41 42.74 48.48 57.10 16.41 26.92 Note: - * Literacy rate is the percentage of literates to population aged 7 Years and above.
20 It is important to note that all the districts have registered an increase in the literacy rate over the decade. The districts which have shown percentage increase of 10 pOints or more in the literacy rates in 2001 vis-a-vis 1991 Census are Paschim Champaran, Purba Champaran, Sheohar, Sitamarhi, Muzaffarpur, Gopalganj, Siwan, Saran, Vaishali, Begusarai, Bhojpur, Buxar, Kaimur, Rohtas, Jehanabad, Aurangabad and Gaya. The maximum rise in the literacy rate has been observed in the case of Buxar (increase of 24 percentage points), Kaimur (16 percentage points) and Rohtas (14 percentage points) districts, Buxar and Kaimur being new districts and having been created after 1991 Census. The districts having higher literacy rates than the state average of 47.53, are Muzaffarpur (48.15), Gopalganj (48.19). Siwan (52.01), Saran (52.01), Vaishali (51.63), Begusarai (48.55), Bhagalpur (50.28), Munger (60.11), Lakhisarai (48.21), Sheikhpura (49.01), Nalanda (53.64), Patna (63.82), Bhojpur (59.71), Buxar (57.49), Kaimur (55.57), Rohtas (62.36), Jehanabad (56.03), Aurangabad (57.50) and Gaya (51.07). Kishanganj district has the lowest literacy rate (31.02), followed by Araria (34.94), Katihar (35.29) and Purnia (35.51). All these districts were part of the old Purnia district till 1981 Census. Variation in male and female literacy is another important factor. The sexwise break-up of the literacy rate clearly indicates that females have outnumbered males so far as decadal increase in literacy percentage points is concerned. While the increase in percentage literacy points among females varies between 18 points (Kaimur district) and 7 paints (Purnia) approximately, the rise in percentage literacy pOints among males have been observed to vary between 12 percentage points (Araria) and 4 percentage points (Patna). Female literacy rate is highest in Patna district (52.17), followed by Munger (47.97) and Rohtas (46.62) districts. Female literates, as a percentage, are found to be lowest in Kishanganj district (18.49), followed by Supaul (21.02), Araria (22.14) and Madhepura (22.31) districts. The districts have been arranged below in decreasing order of literacy rates during 2001 Census:
Rank in 2001 District Literacy rate 1 2 3 - 1 Patna 63.82 2 Rohtas 62.36 3 Munger 60.11 4 Bhojpur 59.71 5 Aurangabad 57.50 6 Buxar 57.49 7 Jehanabad 56.03 8 Kaimur 55.57 9 Nalanda 53.64 10 Siwan 52.01 11 Saran 52.01 12 Vaishali 51.63 13 Gaya 51.07 14 Bhagalpur 50.28 15 Sheikhpura 49.01 16 Begusarai 48.55 17 Lakhisarai 48.21 18 Gopalganj 48.19 19 Muzaffarpur 48.15 20 Nawada 47.36 21 Samastipur 45.76 22 Darbhanga 44.32 23 Banka 43.40 24 Jamui 42.74
21 Rank in 2001 District Literacy rate 1 2 3 25 Madhubani 42.35 26 Khagaria 41.56 27 Pashchim Champaran 39.63 28 Sitamarhi 39.38 29 Saharsa 39.28 30 Purba Champaran 38.14 31 Supaul 37.80 . 32 Sheohar , 37.01 33 Madhepura 36.19 34 Purnia 35.51 35 Katihar 35.29 36 Araria 34.94 37 KishanganJ 31.02
The districts have been shown below, in decreasing order of females literacy rates, during 2001 Census:
Rank in 2001 District Literacy Rate 1 2 3 1 Patna 52.17 2 Munger 47.97 3 Rohtas 46.62 4 Bhojpur 42.81 5 Aurangabad 42.04 6 Buxar 40.36 7 Jehanabad 40.08 8 Nalanda 39.03 9 Kaimur 38.90 10 Bhagalpur 38.83 11 Vaishali 38.14 12 Gaya 37.40 13 Siwan 37.26 14 Begusarai 36.21 15 Saran 35.74 16 Muzaffarpur 35.20 17 Lakhisarai 34.26 18 Sheikhpura 34.13 19 Gopalganj 32.81 20 Samastipur 32.69 21 Nawada 32.64 22 Darbhanga 30.35 23 Khagaria 29.62 Rank in 2001 District Literacy Rate 1 2 3 24 Banka 29.10 25 Sheohar 27.43 26 Jamui 26.92 27 Madhubani 26.56 28 Sitamarhi 26.35 29 Pashchim Champaran 25.85 30 Saharsa 25.31 31 Purba Champaran 24.65 32 Katihar 24.03 33 Purnia 23.72 34 Madhepura 22.31 35 Araria 22.14 36 Supaul 21.02 37 Kishanganj 18.49
23
PROVISIONAL POPULATION TABLES
Annexure - 1 TABLE -1 Population distribution,Percentage decadal growth i'ate,Sex-ratio and Populationd density
SI. State/District Population 2001 Percentage decadal Sex-ratio(Number Population density No growth rate of females per sq. km. per 1000 males)
Persons Males Females 1981-91 1991-01 1991 2001 1991 2001* 1 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 9 10 11 Bihar State 82878796 43163964 39724832 23.38 28.43 907 921 68S 880 1 Pashchim Champaran 3043044 1600853 1442191 18.30 30.40 877 901 446 582 2 Purba Champa ran 3933636 2072350 1861286 25.46 29.27 883 898 767 991 3 Sheohar 514288 271261 243027 27.34 36.16 876 896 853 1161 4 Sitamarhi 2669887 1410149 1259738 23.13 32.58 884 893 915 1214 5 Madhubani 3570651 1837361 1733290 21.76 26.08 932 943 809 1020 6 Supaul 1745069 908855 836214 23.45 29.95 904 920 557 724 7 Araria 2124831 1108924 1015907 26.69 31.84 907 916 569 751 8 Kishanganj 1294063 666910 627153 22.20 31.50 933 940 522 687· 9 Purnia 2540788 1325794 1214994 23.76 35.23 903 916 582 787 10 Katihar 2389533 1244943 1144590 27.77 30.91 909 919 597 782 11 Madhepura 1524596 796272 728324 22.16 29.45 885 915 659 853 12 Saharsa 1506418 788585 717833 25.54 33.03 884 910 665 885 13 Darbhanga 3285473 1716640 1568833 25.04 30.85 911 914 1102 1442 14 Muzaffarpur 3743836 1941480 1802356 25.30 26.74 904 92& 931 1180 15 Gopalganj 2149343 1072151 1077192 25.12 26.11 968 1005 838 1057 16 Siwan 2708840 1332218 1376622 22.04 24.78 1017 1033 978 1221 17 Saran 3251474 1654428 1597046 23.44 26.37 963 965 974 1231 18 Vaishali 2712389 1412276 1300113 29.08 26.39 921 921 1054 1332 19 Samastipur 3413413 1771249 1642164 28.35 25.63 926 927 936 1175 20 Begusarai 2342989 1226057 1116932 24.61 29.11 898 911 946 1222 21 Khagaria 1276677 675501 601176 28.44 29.32 868 890 664 859 22 Bhagalpur 2430331 1294192 1136139 20.67 27.24 864 878 743 946 23 Banka 1608778 843061 765717 24.44 24.47 893 908 428 533 24 Munger 1135499 604662 530837 17.79 20.34 856 878 665 800 25 Lakhisarai 801173 416727 384446 21.08 23.94 880 923 526 652 26 Sheikhpura 525137 273468 251669 19.84 24.96 896 920 610 762 27 Nalanda 2368327 1236467 1131860 21.73 18.64 898 915 848 1006 28 Patna 4709851 2514949 2194902 19.84 30.17 867 873 1130 1471 29 Bhojpur 2233415 1175333 1058082 20.26 24.58 904 900 725 903 30 Buxar 1403462 738239 665223 18.63 29.03 884 901 670 864 31 Kaimur 1284575 673556 611019 24.20 30.64 884 907 292 382 32 Rohtas 2448762 1282655 1166107 21.77 27.71 894 909 498 636 33 Jehanabad 1511406 783960 727446 19.43 28.64 919 928 749 963 34 Aurangabad 2004960 1035757 969203 24.49 30.19 915 936 466 607 35 Gaya 3464983 1789231 1675752 23.92 30.03 922 937 536 696 36 Nawada 1809425 928638 880787.:' 23.70 33.08 936 948 545 726 37 Jamui 1397474 728812 668662 21.90 32.90 903 917 339 451
* Area figures on the basis of which population densities of state and districts have been worked out are provisional
27 Annexure- 2
TABLE - 2 Percentage decadal variation in population since 1901 for State and Districts
SI. State/District Percentage decadal variation No. 1901-11 1911-21 1921-31 1931-41 1941-51 1951-61 1961-71 1971-81 1981-91 1991-01 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Bihar State 1.52 -0.97 9.74 12.22 10.58 19.79 20.91 24.16 23.38 28.43 1 Pashchim Champa ran 6.59 1.70 10.55 11.74 4.91 23.68 19.76 24.30 18.30 30.40 2 Purba Champaran 6.59 1.70 10.55 11.74 4.91 16.42 16.36 24.00 25.46 29.27 3 Sheohar 3.24 -3.18 6.75 10.32 8.51 13.26 13.27 17.29 27.34 36.16 4 Sitamarhi 3.24 -3.18 6.75 10.32 8.51 15.91 14.27 22.99 23.13 32.58 5 Madhubani 0.59 -0.55 8.67 9.19 9.04 17.58 18.18 22.93 21.76 26.08 6 Supaul 3.09 -3.44 5.81 0.78 15.94 50.53 28.83 27.28 23.45 29.95 7 Araria 7.46 6.78 8.16 8.86 6.13 45.01 27.58 27.91 26.69 31.84 8 Kishanganj 7.46 6.78 8.16 8.86 6.13 36.72 34.60 30.15 22.20 31.50 9 Pumia 7.46 6.78 8.16 8.86 6,13 36.90 26.92 27.42 23.76 35.23 10 Katihar 7.46 6.78 8.16 8.86 6.13 31.09 24.80 25.65 27.77 30.91 11 Madhepura 3.09 -3.44 5.81 0.78 15.94 21.46 20.57 24.28 22.16 29.45 12 Saharsa 3.09 -3.44 5.81 0.78 15.94 21.24 23.88 25.07 25.54 33.03 13 Darbhanga 0.59 -0.55 8.67 9.19 9.04 16.27 21.30 23.75 25.04 30.85 14 Muzaffarpur 3.24 -3.18 6.75 10.32 8.51 16.06 19.44 23.48 25.30 26.74 15 Gopalganj -4.97 2.20 6.26 15.03 10.30 12.62 19.50 22.99 25.12 26.11 16 Siwan -4.97 2.20 6.26 15.03 10.30 12.61 20.51 21.67 22.04 24.78 17 Saran -4.97 2.20 6.26 15.03 10.30 15.20 18.13 21.91 23.44 26.37 18 Vaishali 3.24 -3.18 6.75 10.32 8.51 20.22 19.05 23.24 29.08 26.39 19 Samastipur 0.59 -0.55 8.67 9.19 9.04 17.25 16.61 23.14 28.35 25.63 20 Begusarai 3.13 -4.91 12.60 13.05 10.52 20.20 20.23 26.92 24.61 29.11 21 Khagaria 3.13 -4.91 12.60 13.05 10.52 21.96 18.57 19.88 28.44 29.32 22 Bhagalpur 1.70 -6.70 15.24 14.28 12.25 21.52 22.31 26.58 20.67 27.24 23 Banka 1.70 -6.70 15.24 1428 12.25 17.19 22.06 23.54 24.44 24.47 24 Munger 3.13 -4.91 12.60 13.05 10.52 18.60 18.27 21.86 17.79 20.34 25 Lakhisarai 3.13 -4.91 12.60 13.05 10.52 11.41 24.63 21.53 21.08 23.94 26 Sheikhpura 3.10 -4.89 12.64 13.08 10.58 16.89 19.59 18.94 19.84 24.96 27 Nalanda -0.96 -1.98 17.10 16.14 17.89 17.36 20.04 25.68 21.73 18.64 28 Patna -0.96 -1.98 17.10 16.14 17.89 16.34 20.90 34.13 19.84 30.17 29 Bhojpur -4.96 -2.62 9.88 16.81 15.45 16.05 20.46 21.19 20.26 24.58 30 Buxar -4.96 -2.62 9.88 16.81 15.45 18.49 20.30 19.84 18.63 29.03 31 Kaimur -4.96 -2.62 9.88 16.81 15.45 20.81 24.87 19.23 24.20 30.64 32 Rohtas -4.96 -2.62 9.88 16.81 15.45 23.28 25.65 23.03 21.77 27.71 33 Jehanabad 4.81 -0.37 10.94 16.20 10.63 17.21 20.37 19.70 19.43 28.64 34 Aurangabad 4.81 -0.37 10.94 16.20 10.63 19.38 22.28 21.75 24.49 30.19 35 Gaya 4.81 -0.37 10.94 16.20 10.63 18.20 23.92 24.62 23.92 30.03 36 Nawada 4.81 -0.37 10.94 16.20 10.63 20.84 20.54 22.96 23.70 33.08 37 Jamui 3.13 -4.91 12.60 13.05 10.52 20.51 24.38 20.86 21.90 32.90
" 28 Annexure - 3
TABLE - 3 Sex-ratio since 1901 for State and Districts
SI. State/District Sex- ratio (Number of females per 1000 males) No. 1901 1911 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Bihar State 1061 1051 1020 995 1002 1000 1005 957 948 907 921 1 Pashchim Champa ran 1022 1026 1004 985 976 957 944 918 911 877 901 2 Purba Champaran 1022 1026 1004 985 976 1005 1005 942 925 883 898 3 Sheohar 1089 1092 1079 1037 1048 1009 1019 967 922 876 896 4 Sitamarhi 1089 1092 1079 1037 1048 1035 1032 960 936 884 893 5 Madhubani 1056 1074 1051 1015 1036 1063 1056 991 982 932 943 6 Supaul 1014 1006 983 966 964· 965 950 930 937 904 920 7 Araria 962 963 941 936 949 920 933 920 928 907 916 8 Kishanganj 962 963 941 936 949 863 873 907 922 933 940 9 Purnia 962 963 941 936 949 925 928 914 924 903 916 10 Katihar 962 963 941 936 949 930 931 925 928 909 919 11 Madhepura 1014 1006 983 966 964 916 928 902 919 885 915 12 Saharsa 1014 1006 983 966 964 965 963 926 934 884 910 13 Darbhanga 1056 1074 1051 1015 1036 1062 1086 990 979 911 914 14 Muzaffarpur 1089 1092 1079 1037 1048 1017 1048 992 963 904 928 15 Gcpalganj 1199 1151 1066 1038 1082 1037 1098 1018 1006 968 1005 16 Siwan 1199 1151 1066 1038 1082 1118 1154 1076 1070 1017 1033 17 Saran 1199 1151 1066 1038 1082 1132 1148 1052 1019 963 965 18 Vaishali 1089 1092 1079 1037 1048 1065 1069 1017 994 921 921 19 Samastipur 1056 1074 1051 1015 1036 1008 1039 967 972 926 927 20 Begusarai 1045 1046 1022 998 998 1022 1023 940 940 898 911
21 Khagaria 1045 1046 1022 t 998 9~8 , 939 943 - . 89,4 902 868 890 22 Bhagalpur 1057 1040 1028 987 968 944 929 897 - 898 864 878 23 Banka 1057 1040 1028 987 968 987 985 940 931 893 908 24 Munger 1045 1046 1022 998 998 940 943 898 891 856 878 25 Lakhisarai 1045 1046 1022 998 998 988 995 944 928 880 923 26 Sheikhpura 1045 1046 1021 997 998 1007 1008 952 942 896 920 27 Nalanda 1020 988 949 931 935 999 967 9:)3 927 898 915 28 Patna 1020 988 949 931 935 937 920 890 890 867 873 29 Bhojpur 1096 1062 1029 995 981 1007 1029 977 954 904 900 30 Buxar 1096 1062 1029 995 981 984 994 951 928 884 901 31 Kaimur 1096 1062 1029 995 981 962 976 932 907 884 907 32 Rohtas 1096 1062 1029 995 981 955 959 924 909 894 909 33 Jehanabad 1037 1035 1003 1001 1001 980 1004 956 955 919 928 34 Aurangabad 1037 1035 1003 1001 1001 991 1001 964 956 915 936 35 Gaya 1037 1035 1003 1001 1001 995 996 961 966 922 937 36 Nawada 1037 1035 1003 1001 1001 1040 1054 1017 1002 936 948 37 Jamui 1045 1046 1022 998 998 1013 1020 985 967 903 917
29 Annexure - 4
TABLE - 4 Population in the age-group 0-6,Number of literates and literacy rate for State and Districts
SI. State! District Total Population Population in age group 0-6 Number of literates· Literacy rate # No. Persons Males Females Persons Males Females Persons Males Females Persons Males Females , 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Bihar State 82878796 43153964 39724832 16234539 8375532 7859007 31675607 20978955 10696652 47.53 60.32 33.57 1 Pashchim Champaran 3043044 1600853 1442191 631412 325203 306209 955828 662131 293697 39.63 51.91 25.85 2 Purba Champa ran 3933636 2072350 1861286 805238 416279 388959 1193315 830346 362969 38.14 50.14 24.65 3 Sheohar 514288 271261 243027 101630 52954 48676 152726 99407 53319 37.01 45.54 27.43 4 Sitamarhi 2669887 1410149 1259738 539288 284369 254919 839086 574344 264742 39.38 51.02 26.35 5 Madhubani 3570651 1837361 1733290 699906 361075 338831 1215742 845371 370371 42.35 57.26 26.56 6 Supaul 1745069 908855 836214 364701 189821 174880 521755 382752 139003 37.80 53.23 21.02 7 Araria 2124831 1108924 1015907 449343 228476 220867 585379 409365 176014 34.94 46.50 22.14 8 Kishanganj 1294063 666910 627153 280/,98 144501 135997 314389 223586 90803 31.02 42.80 18.49 9 Purnia 2540788 1325794 1214994 536851 272748 264103 711634 486083 225551 35.51 46.16 23.72 10 Kalihar 2389533 1244943 1144590 514326 261630 252696 661848 447512 214336 35.29 45.51 24.03 11 Madhepura 1524596 796272 728324 320359 167034 153325 435774 307496 128278 36.19 48.87 22.31 12 Saharsa 1506418 788585 717833 306253 161190 145063 471449 326498 144951 39.28 52.04 25.31 13 Darbhanga 3285473 1716640 1568833 627897 333061 294836 1177743 791068 386675 44.32 57.18 30.35 14 Muzaffarpur 3743836 1941480 1802356 718298 373238 345060 1456901 943928 512973 48.15 60.19 35.20 15 Gopalganj 2149343 1072151 1077192 417061 212641 204420 834827 548480 2'86347 48.19 63.81 32.81 16 Siwan 2708840 1332218 1376622 532447 276274 256173 1131962 714522 417440 52.01 67.67 37.26 17 Saran 3251474 1654428 1597046 619672 319229 300443 1368741 905398 463343 52.01 67.81 35.74 18 Vaishah 2712389 1412276 1300113 522714 270420 252294 1130514 730841 399673 51.63 64.00 38.14 19 Samastipur 3413413 1771243 1642164 695995 357866 338129 1243542 817293 426249 45.76 57.83 32.69 20 Begusarai 2342989 1226057 1116932 4641£7 239209 224958 912216 589230 322986 48.55 59.71 36.21 21 Khagaria 1276677 675501 601176 269582 138821 130761 418515 279161 139354 41.56 52.02 29.62
22 Bhagalpur 2430331 12941~ 1136139 456956 232399 224557 992218 638226 353992 50.28 60.11 38.83 23 Banka 1608778 843061 765717 323329 166872 156457 557859 380549 177310 43.40 56.28 29.10 24 Munger 1135499 604662 530837 197144 102928 94216 564043 354611 209432 60.11 70.68 47.97 25 Lakhisarai 801173 416727 384446 160210 81944 78266 309009 204125 104884 48.21 60.97 34.26 26 Sheikhpura 525137 273468 251669 106335 54278 52057 205234 137116 68118 49.01 62.56 34.13 27 Nalanda 2368327 1236467 1131860 444749 ' 229109 215640 1031882 674304 357578 53.64 66.94 39.03 28 Patna 4709851 2514949 2194902 795842 408453 387389 2497924 15546d8 943056 63.82 73.81 52.17 29· Bhojpur 2233415 1175333 1058082 406343 209650 196693 1090868 722112 368756 59.71 74.78 42.81 30 Buxar 1403462 738239 665223 265287 137722 127565 654309 437298 217011 57.49 72.82 40.36 31 Kaimur 1284575 673556 611019 258460 133248 125212 570260 381298 188962 55.57 70.57 38.90 32 Rohtas 2448762 1282655 1166107 463050 237841 225209 1238348 799699 438649 62.36 76.54 46.62 33 Jehanabad 1511406 783960 727446 282774 148160 134614 688>128 450803 237625 56.03 70.90 40.08 34 Aurangabad 2004960 1035757 969203 378763 196056 182707 935133 604461 330672 57.50 71.99 42.04 f 35 Gaya 3464983 1789231 1675752 666327 340443 325884 1429291 924486 504805 51.07 63.81 37.40 36 Nawada 1809425 928638 880787 346564 175549 171015 692751 461059 231692 47.36 61.22 32.64 37 Jamui 1397474 728812 668662 264768 134841 129927 484164 339128 145036 42.74 57.10 26.92
Note:- * Literates exclude children in the age-group 0-6 Years who were by definition treated as illiterate in the Census of India 2001. ' # Literacy rate is the percentage of literates to population aged 7 Years and above_
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II I l' II I II I i & i ! II ..j - '" i I I J ... ~ . "II I -l~" II ~ Pm . II ~ II I i 1 10 ' ~ f Il ~ 4 ~ j ~~: ~ 111 .. f ., : 1~ ! .....: I C':4 f f.J ~ 111~ J Ii .. .i I : f i I .• II ~ ....• j j t ! ! J 1-, l j J;: t .. JJ .... I I ... If = ~- ~ ., I " f l l t .... "'J I - • .. 1 f ! 1 1 t J If I J. f ! I '" • I t DIAGRAMS AND CHARTS BIHAR COMPARATIVE SIZE OF POPULATION 2001 (DISTRICTS) 0.63-/_ 525 131 0.62-/. 514288 41 _- BIHAR COMPARATIVE SIZE OF AREA AND POPULATION 2001 40 "- !'].I J. j . ~ 1 Itj j ~ j Itj I ~! PASHCHIIil PURBA SHEOHAR SITAMARHI IllADHUBANI SUPAUL ARARIA KlSHANGAHJ CHAIilPARAN CHAMPARAN !] It] Itj _l t j Itj j j Itj I [~! PURNIA KAnHAR IllADHEPURA SAHARSA DARBHANGA IIUZAFFARPUR GOPALGANJ SIWAN SARAN VAiSHAU SAIllASTIPUR BEGUSARAI KHAGARIA BHAGALPUR BANKA IIIUNGER LAKHISARAI SHEIKHPURA NALANDA PAfflA BHOJPUR BUXAR KATIHAR ROHTAS 10 8 c:> 6 g ! ':1 It j t j t j I t j It !'~j :! •:~:: JEHANABAD AURANGABAD GAYA NAWADA JAMUl BIHAR 4R- BIHAR GROWTH OF POPULATION 1901·2001 0) <.D r- oo r- 90 oo N 00 80 v 1.0 1.0 70 DECENNIAL GROWTH 1.0 <.D <.D 60 No C") <.D C") N 50 <.D N z ...-- o :::i ...J 40 :z== 0) 1.0 1.0o ..- 0) 30 r 00 <.D 1.0 1.0 C") 20 10 0 ...... 0 ...... N CO') ..q It) U) ...... co 0') 0 en 0') en 0') 0') en en 0') 0') en 0 ...... - ...... N CENSUS YEAR 43 BIHAR TRENDS IN DECADAL GROWTH OF POPULA TION 1901 - 2001 PASHC .... PURBA CHAHPARAN CHAI"IPARAN SHEOHAR SITAHARHI HADHU6ANI SUPAUL ARARIA 60 '- , -- T -- 60 - -,-- T --- --T --l --- --, --,-- --r- -'-- I I I I : I I I I I 50 I I 50 I I I I I I 1 I 1 I I I I I I 40 , I - --1 --+- I - _ ~ -- J -- ---+--i-- ~ o ---'---1-- --~- ... I ' I 1 I I I 1 1 I 1 I '"~ 30 I I 1 ]0 I :z I ,I 1 1 I I I ... I __L __L I 1 ~20 20 --r---, __ ~--- l ... I I I Q. I 1 I 10 I I I - IQ , on , , , , , , , '", ...... , ~, ~ ~ ~ -4 0 0 '" '" ... ~ .., ~ ~ 0- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ... -4 .. 0- ...... ~ ~ '" ... '" '" ~ l!> ~ '"~ ..~ [ I I I I I I I I , t , I I I I ! I I I I ! ! , ! 1,0 KISHANGANJ PURNIA KATIHAR HADHEPURA SAHARSA DARBHANGA MUZAFFARPUR ---r- - r - - 40 - -,-- -,--- --,----,-- I I I 1 I I 30 I 30 I 1 ... 1 I I , __1 __ - ~'" 2 0 20 - -I - :z I 1 ~ 10 10 I 1 ... I I Q. - 10 SIWAN SARAN VAI SHALI SAHASTIPUR BEGUSARAI KHAGARIA -- r --T -- 30 ---r--- T - - --1--'-- --,---r I I I I I I I I 1 I 1 I 1 I -,--I -+-- I -10 BHAGALPUR BANKA HUNGER LAKHISARAI SHEIKHPURA NALANDA PATNA 1, 0 --, --, -- 40 --, --,-- --,- - 1------, -,-- --,--,-- 1 I I I I I I 30 ] 0 I I I ... I I I 1 1 1 ..L __ '"~ 20 20 - -r- """'~-=; :z 1 ~ 10 IE 10 I .... I 1 Q. 0 I - 10 ~_L-'--~!---1._..L._-'---L...J.__J - 10 6HQFUR BUXAR KAIHUR JEHANABAD AURANGABAD GAYA 1, 0 --- ,-- -r- - --,--,-- ,---,--- r - - 1 I ... 30 I ]0 I I I '"~ 2 0 - ~- 20 --~- :z ...~1 0 10 Q. -10 , ..., ~ ... ~ , ... ~ . ... "AWADA JAI1lI , ! BIHAR '" , '" , , '" co ~ co co 40 ... 0 ~ -4 .., -4 ~ ...... 0- ... ~ - , ---r---- 0- - , - - , -- ...... '"~ ...... 0- 0- 0- 0- ..~ I I ~ I I ~ ~ '" 30 I I , , , , [ , I , I I I I I I I I I I I I [ I [ I I I [ I I [ I [ 1 I I I _.1-_I ---,- I -1 - 10 '", ~ , ~ ~, on, ~, ..., '", on ..., ..., co 0 '" co ~ ...... ~ 0- ... ~ ...... 0- ...... '" ~ '" '" ~ ... 1 I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I 1 I I [ I I [ I [ I BIHAR SEX RATIO 1901·2001 1100 T- (Q T- o Ul T- o T- o N 0 T- N 0 In 0 0 T- O (J) w 1000 ...J« ::!!E ...... It) co 0 0) Q 0) Q • T- o:: W T- a.. N (J) 0) W «...J ::!!E w 900 LL 800 ~ or- ~ ~ .. or or- or- 0r- .... c:> 0r- N I.t) CD ...... co en c:> en en en_. _.dI; en en en en en o ~ .... or- ..- ..- ..- ..- N CENSUS YEAR 45 / 100l ~OOZ 1861 iii: 186~ ::;:) 0.. -< a:: 1961 iii: Q: -< ~ -< ..: :z ..: ~ 1961 -< .... t=I I- >- a: II.. ..: ..: ! ..: % t=I lUI -< ::J: ~ 1'161 N -ID '" ::;:) "" IZ61 :£ lZ61 1061 ~O61 0 .:0 c=- c=- c=- C> C> a.. 1061 1061 IDOl IOOl 1841 0: ..: 186l Z -< ::;:) 0: C ... VI 0.. ::;:) -< 19&1 ~ CD 0 III 0: i= 96l ::;:) < VI ::I: '" ::I: ::I: < :z 0 c 1'61 < :IE: ""u::; '" '161 -< VI -< ::I: ::J:'" N :£ VI VI ~ I Il61 lZ6l 1061 06l ...0 CJ) 100l IOOl ... 1861 11161 < < :i: 0: ::; 0: VI 0: 1961 ::;:) < -< 1961 0 0.. < VI I- a:: < LLI ::J: :£ ::J: VI :i: ::J: < 1'61 Cl 0 1'161 I-- I- < ""-< 0: c( < C in :£ > -' :t: a:: Il61 IZ61 >< 10&1 061 -m W 100Z IOOZ fIJ 1961 1961 0: 0: a: 0: Z -< 1961 z: ..... ::;:) 1961 ::J: -< < I:J :£ 0 ~ 0: Z LLI I- ::J: < ::;:) < II)- n61 -< VI :E: ¥ 1'161 VI Q "" Z lUI LUI W 1061 lO61 a:: lOOl IOOl I- z: -< a: 1861 186~ -< 0.. z: < 0:: :£ 1961 < :5 ~961 -< Z :. :z ..: :IE: ::I: '"'0: "" X ::;:) Vi < ::;:) '-' lID CD ~ 1"1 ~ 1'161 < a:CD ::;:) IZ6I tl6l ~ 1061 1061 :z 100l rlOOl < iii: < 1861 ....,. ...., 0.. z: :z a: ::;:) 0: < :£ -< -< C -< 19&1 t=I \:lI 0.. ::;:) 1961 ::J: z: -' -' 0.. < '-' -< -< -< ;; :. ["'I ~ "'- \:lI < 1'161 :£ 1'&1 VI 0 < ::J: :z t=I ::J: CD :i: i2 CD '-' ::I: LUI ... IZ6l VI ..: 0.. W61 1061 I C> C> C> C> C> C> co C> c=- o C> C> C> 0 C> C> ." co c:o C> C> CJ C> <:> C> C> <=> C> C> <:> ." C> <:> C> C> C> C> ." C> <:> C> C> 0 C> 0 a.. 0- . . 46 BIHAR LITERACY 2001 KISHANGANJ ARARIA KATIHAR PURNIA MADHEPURA SHEOHAR w SUPAUL ~w PURBA CHAMPARAN ~ SAHARSA w SITAMARHI ~ PASHCHIM CHAMPARAN en~ I KHAGARIA MADHUBANI JAMUl BANKA DARBHANGA SAMASTIPUR UJ NALANDA .... 0 MUZAFFARPUR - GOPALGANJ ....~ LAKHISARAI UJ BEGUSARAI c SHEIKHPURA BHAGALPUR GAYA VAl SHAll BHOJPUR SIWAN SARAN NALANDA KAIMUR JEHANABAD BUXAR AURANGABAD MUNGER ROHTAS PATNA I 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 IN PER CENT 47 - BIHAR FEMALE LITERACY 2001 KISHANGANJ SUPAUL ARARIA MADHEPURA PURNIA PURBA CHAMPARAN SAHARSA ______• SITAMARHI :::::::: JAMUlMADHUBANI SHEOHAR ______~ BANKA ______• KHAGARIA : NAWADA i555555555 DARBHANGASAMASTIPUR GOPALGANJ U) SHEIKHPURA I- 0 . .' '. .'~ . _~: : LAKHISARAI .. 0::: ~: . _ . " . '_ MUZAFFARPUR I- SARAN en ~_- -:.... _ _ ~ _'-.. _. " • ~ _ , ~ f' BEGUSARAI c ;",,"', ...... _:0:::. -;: '~~ ... ~ " . ," - -:It .:-.' -' ", SIWAN GAYA VAISHALI ~---. - - -- .. ' . . -:...... ~ ~ BHAGALPUR .., ~ _;-. ~ , •• " • ~ • ...... ~ • ~~:... 'II; KAIMUR . .- . ... ~ ,...,' ;._ .• ,-. .., I." NALANDA KATIHAR t ;.:~~'. "" lC '" . ' -=., :..._"_ .... JEHANABAD -:._.. .' .' .. :,",' , BUXAR AURANGABAD BHOJPUR ROHTAS MUNGER PATNA 60 50 40 30 20 10 o IN PER CENT 48 Census Hierarchy REGISTRAR GENERAL AND CENSUS COMMISSIONER, INDIA 1 DIRECTOR -CUM- CHIEF PRINCIPAL JOINT REGISTRAR GENERAL, CENSUS OFFICER DEPUTY REGISTRAR GENERAL, . ASSTT. REGISTRAR GENERAL, JOINT DIRECTOR, DY. DIRECTOR, ASSTT. DIRECTOR, RESEARCH JOINT DIRECTOR! DY. DIRECTOR! OFFICER ASSTT. DIRECTOR -CUM- JOINT I DEPUTYI ASSTT. CHIEF PRINCIPAL CENSUS OFFICER I OTHER OFFICERS & STAFF OTHER OFFICERS & STAFF I 49 Census Hierarchy For Districts ID.M.lD.C. (PRINCIPAL CENSUS OFFlCER) I I I A.D.M./ DY. COLLECTOR S.Q.O. (DISTRICT CENSUS OFFICER) (Subdivisional Census Officer) I I , I I I IR~RALI I URBAN I I I Asstt. Administrator/Executive Officer/ B.D.O.. Vice-Chairman (Charge Census Officer) (Charge Census Officer) I over 6 Head Masters, Sr. Teachers, Land Head Masters, Sr. Teachers, Land Revenue Officials, Enu- UOC of Govt. Offices/Deptts., Sub Inspectors Revenue Officials, UDC of Govt. mera- Offices/Oeptts., Sub Inspectors (Supervisors) tors (Supervisors) For I Primary School Teachers, LOC of Govt. Offices, 750 Primary School Teachers, LOC of ICDS or Anganwadi workers, etc. (Rural)1 Govt. Offices, ICDS or Anganwadi (Enumerators) 650 workers, etc. (Urban) (Enumerators) .Po pu Iallan . 50 --- ,-----r-- J l-4NII-A: 1IIi!"'S'"R-II'_V ~ I Z-<>N""';:"A fIIoor />0:) ~ 'I : ...... M'(o __Z""NIT"'l ..N Z- E-.uIIIO ilolS "-;:tG ~ Ili~ IJ !' ZoJIMOO~.Lsm+:)S n - 1 Z"'_i/l_ :!: 'a ~Ii~ I 1]1] a h ~ 1 ' .Ii ~ I j 1~ f Jo;"a~ ~ I 6 ] ! 'r- n J r-- ~~ I I , r-- ~I!l 'a.t',. _i !::! i r-- JlS '§ J i-llj,S I~ sd ! : ._'"'"" = 2 I-- U111 _.... I-- _ !. '" F"P_1lhwa :i ll...,tw.nn"f'O"fJ '""""I ...... !'II JO IICJ!I!pIIOO'L -"""'II! Z,JO.I._1I - I ~ :! i l J ~l!HI l~ ® I Plill~ "a ~l 1''' I J lhl~j ... 1 I I ! :lilH I I 1t ~ !~ < ! JOO1I 1I .. l j .. I fl. iiI nolA ~ II ! 111 I I .I~ ~r~ -wI .. I I : Hi ~ ~I I ) 1 fUi]t~n N I I r "a .. ! J • --I1 - -""" o __ :. ~ L- LL' 51 '1 ! I I 52 - -- -..... :: :~lIU~i!U! ~f I! I ,=:;""...::,:.=~:=::: :! .. I! I : IIO!1fII!IIII! ~==;)~~:.~ _I 1I I'" ! i i I ~~ ill It .!ISS -11 :!! ~h lit I ~j'" e-ee ....III ...... n I" ! ~m :...... '_1C.·'::E = ~ ::! .II It •~ j '! ~ Ii 1 1 ~J it !:! e~et !i I~IS ~ ! ! ! ~t 1 1 c;l = ! I I i I ! I I i : I, II IAlh 2 c;ht 11 II :Ii i u ~ i i II ~ .z ~II ~i ii '! '! ... '! .U .11 ;.i~~ hi ai .f ~ Jl)h ;a: H ] ] ~ -'IS ~t .. ~l T 7 i T § t ~,J -.","',".'... fU.S L L L L L L L L L L ..5 iii iii '51 i f.i II 111 ~ I ~:l~:t 1i \ II i II 'e;l ... ~ It J ~ r It jt!~I~ !li~ n ,,..!.c~,,:;~~..c.·b ... ii1!{'j (-~1"'''''~''::;1I·1I· d,i\if. II ,,:~f .. 0' ! h ~ HOJoIJI ~'"-~f:'ll"" r+IQjQi~! I i! I; h ] t 'I '8 ~I .. 0'~i J!.sh~ ! ! !i ~ i h J~r.:!- 'In l I .. I:! -:-1 ... !II!! t 0''lI r+ JD j' j fli~ II iii ...... :r .. ... • .. 0 "!II.J.. ri ·1 -- -- • .. 53 - • ... n n n Ion } " I, • !~~------~~~~~~------~--._r-~~"-L-"'~--'-L-~~~-L--~--~~~wr------J 54 PICTORIAL Enumeration of His Excellency the Governor of Bihar on 9th February, 2001 in the presence of the Director of Census Operations, Bihar, Shri Sudhir Kumar Rakesh. 57 First state-level meeting of District Census Officers in progress. Shri S.K. Sharma, Secretary, Urban Development Department, Bihar, Shri S.K. Rakesh, Director of Census Operations, Bihar, Shri Amit Khare, District Magistrate, Patna and Shri Phool Singh, Joint Director, Census addressed the meeting. Chief Secretary of Bihar, Shri Mukund Prasad is received by Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India, Shri J ayant Kumar Banthia and Director of Census Operations, Bihar, Shri Sudhir Kumar Rakesh at the District Census Officers' Conference. Shri S.K. Sharma, Secretary, Urban Development Department and Shri Arvind Prasad, Secretary, Personnel and Administrative Reforms Department are also seen in the picture. 58 _- - Chief Secretary of Bihar Shri Mukund Prasad addressing the District Census Officers' Conference as Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India, Shri. J.K. Banthia, Director of Census operations, Bihar Shri Sudhir Kumar Rakesh and Deputy Director Shri Sudhir Kumar Sinha look on. A view of Military and Para-Military Officials attending the state-level workshop on Census of India, 2001. 59 Nukkad Natak (street play) to create awareness about Census of India 2001 in progress. A view of the school children at Gandhi Maidan, Patna to participate in the Census 2001 , Rally. 60 - . Chief Minister of Bihar, Smt. Rabri Devi in conversation with Director of Census Operations, Bihar, Shri Sudhir Kumar Rakesh at the start of the Census 2001, Rally. Chief Minister of Bihar, Smt. Rabri Devi, flagging off the Census 2001, Rally at the historic Gandhi Maidan, Patna. 61 Elephants, camels and horse driven carriages were part of the Census 2001, Rally to create awareness among the masses. Sit and draw painting competition organised on Census of India, 2001 in progress. 62 Winners of sit and draw, painting, college and poster competition organised on Census of India 2001, with their trophies. Physically chalJenged children of Safar Maina Group presenting a skit on Census of India, 2001. 63 / Friend of Census Ms. Bachendri Pal came to Patna in order to create awareness about Census of India 2001. Enumeration of a houseless persons being carried out in the night of 28th February, 2001. Enumeration of Houseless population in progress in the night of 28th February, 2001. 64