DOCSLIB.ORG

Horizontal and Vertical Distribution of Meiofauna on Sandy Beaches of the North Sea (The Netherlands, Belgium, France)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Horizontal and Vertical Distribution of Meiofauna on Sandy Beaches of the North Sea (The Netherlands, Belgium, France) Helgol Mar Res (2005) 59: 255–264 DOI 10.1007/s10152-005-0001-8 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Lech Kotwicki Æ Marleen De Troch Barbara Urban-Malinga Æ Tom Gheskiere Jan Marcin Weslawski Horizontal and vertical distribution of meiofauna on sandy beaches of the North Sea (The Netherlands, Belgium, France) Received: 9 November 2004 / Revised: 23 May 2005 / Accepted: 25 May 2005 / Published online: 16 July 2005 Ó Springer-Verlag and AWI 2005 Abstract Sandy intertidal zones were analysed for the Introduction presence of meiofauna. The material was collected on six macro-tidal sandy beaches along the North Sea (The The European coast consists for more than 30% of soft Netherlands, France, Belgium), in order to analyse the sediments. Sandy shorelines are one of the most exten- vertical and horizontal meiofaunal distribution patterns. sive intertidal systems worldwide (Short 1999), domi- Eleven higher meiofauna taxa (one represented by larval nating most of the temperate coastlines, where they stage—Copepoda nauplii) were recorded. The maximum represent both excellent recreational assets and buffer total meiofauna abundance was observed on the Dutch 2 zones against the sea (Davies 1972). As an example, the beach (4,295±911 ind. 10 cmÀ ) in the Westerschelde 2 coastline of France (3,830 km) consists for about 40% estuary, while the lowest values (361±128 ind. 10 cmÀ ) of sandy sediments (Richard and Dauvin 1997) while were recorded in France at the Audresselles beach. Belgium and the Netherlands are characterised by Meiofauna of the different localities consisted mainly of exclusively sandy coastlines. Despite their initial barren nematodes, harpacticoids and turbellarians. Nematodes and sterile appearance, many sandy beaches support a numerically dominated all sampled stations, comprising diverse flora and fauna, and a number of sandy littoral more than 45% of the total meiofauna density. Meio- localities might even be considered as highly productive fauna was mainly concentrated at the sand surface with (McLachlan 1983). about 70% present in the uppermost 5 cm. Meiofauna Most of the faunal research on sandy beaches has occurred across the entire intertidal zone. A clear been concentrated on macrofauna (>1 mm) (McLach- zonation pattern in the distribution of meiofauna taxa lan and Jaramillo 1995, and references therein) and more across the beaches was observed. The present work recently also birds (e.g. Cornelius et al. 2001). In con- suggests that designation of exposed sandy beaches as trast, sandy shoreline meiofauna (all metazoans between physically controlled (McLachlan 1988) does not explain 1mm and 38lm) have received considerably less their biological variability. attention notwithstanding their high diversity (even on taxon level) and density (up to one million individuals Keywords Sandy beach Æ Meiofauna Æ Vertical and per m2 (McIntyre 1969). horizontal distribution Æ North Sea With the recent increasing interest in faunal zonation patterns of meiobenthos on sandy shorelines, several quantitative studies have been made of European intertidal sandy beaches (Renaud-Debyser 1963; Re- naud-Debyser and Salvat 1963; Fenchel et al. 1967; Jansson 1968; Schmidt 1968; Gray and Rieger 1971; Harris 1972; Schmidt 1972; Arlt 1977; Jonczyk and Radziejewska 1984; Armonies and Hellwig-Amonies Communicated by H.-D. Franke 1987; Reise 1988;O´lafsson 1991; Armonies and Reise L. Kotwicki (&) Æ B. Urban-Malinga Æ J. M. Weslawski 2000; Gheskiere et al. 2004a, b). Much of the previous Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstancow meiofauna research on sandy beaches is in essence re- Warszawy 55, 81-712, Sopot, Poland stricted to general surveys using bulk samples or to the M. D. Troch Æ T. Gheskiere complex of factors influencing the interstitial habitats Biology Department, Marine Biology Section, Ghent University, (Blome et al. 1999) while vertical and horizontal zona- Krijgslaan 281 / S8, 9000, Gent, Belgium tion surveys are scarce. 256 Meiofauna inhabiting Belgian sandy beaches has 3Eo been poorly documented. Horizontal distribution of the THE NETHERLANDS Plathelminthes and Nematoda (Mariakerke and De N Panne region) were described by Martens (1984), Jouk et al. (1988) and Gheskiere et al. (2002, 2004). Meiofauna 2 1 Westerschelde North Sea Knokke (on the Nematoda species level) of the Westerschelde Heist was investigated along a salinity transect by Soetaert et o al. (1994), however this study excluded the sandy bea- 51 N ches of this estuary. BELGIUM Given the importance of sandy beaches for the De Panne marine ecosystem, baseline data describing the benthic Audresselles 020km life and ecosystem processes are needed in order to propose sustainable management policies for these FRANCE sampling site sandy areas. Furthermore, sandy beaches have a high socio-economical value, as it is reflected in their Fig. 1 Location of the investigated sandy beaches importance for coastal fisheries and tourism. Each year high numbers of tourists are visiting the Euro- 1988). The study sites were in the brackish intertidal pean coastlines. Although beaches are impacted by zone of the Westerschelde estuary, a turbid, nutrient- numerous stress factors, man has always used sandy rich, heterotrophic system. Most of the tidal flat where beaches and will continue to do so, partly through samples have been taken is located between À1 m and ignorance and inability to learn from experience but +1 m relative to mean tidal level and is subjected to also in the belief that it must be possible to shape tidal amplitudes of about 5 m. The sampling stations nature to his own needs and desires (Brown and (Westerschelde 1 and Westerschelde 2) have a silt per- McLachlan 1990). centage of up to 3% (fraction <63 lm) and a median In the present study, ‘beach’ is defined as ‘the zone grain size of 168 and 230 lm, respectively (Hummel between lowest and highest water mark, the swept prism, et al. 1988; Soetaert et al. 1994). undergoing periodical inundation by marine water’ In Belgium three sandy beaches were studied (Heist, (Short 1999). In this study, we focus on dissipative, Knokke-Heist and De Panne). The beaches sampled in medium-grained sandy beaches with a macrotidal re- Heist and De Panne are dissipative beaches, character- gime sensu Short. ised by a low beach gradient, a surf zone with the Since the work of McLachlan (1988), exposed sandy presence of numerous spilling lines of breakers and by beaches have been considered as physically stressful fine to medium sandy sediments. The beach in Knokke- environments. Thus, one expects that the interstitially Heist can be classified as a ‘low tide bar/rip’ beach living meiofaunal communities are regulated by physical [beach morphodynamical classification after (Masselink rather than by biological factors. As there is a full array of and Short 1993), and Short (1999)]. The width of the organisms from bacteria (decomposers), microphyto- intertidal zone is up to 450 m with a Relative Tidal benthos (producers) and meio- and macrofauna (con- Range (RTR) of 8.5–10 m (Degraer et al. 2003). The sumers) to fish and birds (top trophic levels), we consider beaches have several shallow depressions parallel to the sandy beaches as open, functional entity—ecosystems. waterline, in which water is retained when the tide Hence, we aimed to get a two-dimensional view of meio- recedes. fauna distribution on sandy beaches, that is, both hori- In France (North Brittany), a beach with medium zontal and vertical distribution patterns. sandy sediments in the Audresselles region was investi- gated. This beach is characterized by an intertidal zone of about 200 m with a RTR up to 8 m. Methods At each of the sampling stations triplicate meiofauna samples (0–10 cm) were taken using a 30 cm long per- Six sandy beaches along the North Sea were surveyed spex meiocore with an inner diameter of 3.6 cm (sam- in 2000 (Fig. 1). In the Netherlands two intertidal sites pling surface 10 cm2) and immediately fixed with heated (indicated as Westerschelde 1 and Westerschelde 2) (70°C) 4% buffered formaldehyde water solution (Vincx were investigated. Three major European rivers (the 1996). Rhine, Meuse and Schelde) enter the North Sea in the In order to analyse the vertical distribution of the so-called Dutch Delta in the south-western part of the meiofauna, mid-tidal level samples from four sandy Netherlands. Most of the former estuaries in this area beaches (Westerschelde 1 and 2, Knokke-Heist, Au- have been altered by man. The lower part of the river dresselles) were subdivided into nine depth horizons (0– Schelde is generally known as the Westerschelde estu- 0.5, 0.5–1, 1–1.5, 1.5–2, 2–2.5, 2.5–3, 3–4, 4–5, 5–10 cm; ary. It is the last true estuary of the Delta area in the Fig. 2a). southwest of the Netherlands with a marked salinity In order to analyse the horizontal distribution, two gradient (Soetaert et al. 1994). The input of organic transects across the continuum from the mean high and inorganic pollutants is very high (Hummel et al. water spring level to the Mean Low Water Spring level 257 Fig. 2 Sampling stations and sampling strategy applied for a ab Westerschelde, Knokke-Heist, Audresselles sandy beaches and MT MHWS MT MLWS b Heist, De Panne sandy beaches; MHWS Mean High ~1 m ~1 m Water Springs, MHWN Mean High Water Neaps, MT Middle Tide, MLWN Mean Low Water Neaps, MLWS Mean Low Water Springs 12345678910111213 [cm] [cm] 0-0.5 0.5-1 1-1.5 1.5-2 2-2.5 0-10 2.5-3 3-4 4-5 5-10 sampling station sampling station (MLWS) and perpendicular to the waterline were sam- sandy beach zones (Table 1). The most common taxa pled (Fig. 2b), on the beaches of Heist and De Panne. were Nematoda, Harpacticoida, Turbellaria and Oligo- The distance from the dyke to the shore was divided into chaeta which were present at all stations, while Ostra- 14 (De Panne) and 13 (Heist) separate stations according coda, Tardigrada, Gastrotricha and Copepoda nauplii to the removing water line.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Chocolatiers and Chocolate Experiences in Flanders & Brussels
    Inspiration guide for trade Chocolatiers and Chocolate Experiences IN FLANDERS & BRUSSELS 1 We are not a country of chocolate. We are a country of chocolatiers. And chocolate experiences. INTRODUCTION Belgian chocolatiers are famous and appreciated the world over for their excellent craftmanship and sense of innovation. What makes Belgian chocolatiers so special? Where can visitors buy a box of genuine pralines to delight their friends and family when they go back home? Where can chocolate lovers go for a chocolate experience like a workshop, a tasting or pairing? Every day, people ask VISITFLANDERS in Belgium and abroad these questions and many more. To answer the most frequently asked questions, we have produced this brochure. It covers all the main aspects of chocolate and chocolate experiences in Flanders and Brussels. 2 Discover Flanders ................................................. 4 Chocolatiers and shops .........................................7 Chocolate museums ........................................... 33 Chocolate experiences: > Chocolate demonstrations (with tastings) .. 39 > Chocolate workshops ................................... 43 > Chocolate tastings ........................................ 49 > Chocolate pairings ........................................ 53 Chocolate events ................................................ 56 Tearooms, cafés and bars .................................. 59 Guided chocolate walks ..................................... 65 Incoming operators and DMC‘s at your disposal .................................74
    [Show full text]
  • Fietsen Met Zeezicht 10 Nieuwe Fietsroutes
    FIETSEN MET ZEEZICHT 10 NIEUWE FIETSROUTES verken het vernieuwde fietsnetwerk aan de Kust! 1 VAN DE PANNE TOT KNOKKE-HEIST e Kust nodigt uit om te fietsen. Een fietstochtje met zeezicht Dbrengt de gezondheid van een mens naar topniveau. Het is heerlijk vertoeven aan de Kust. Elke kustgemeente heeft haar troeven. Strand en zee zijn dichtbij en altijd zijn er mooie en lekkere plekjes om even halt te houden. www.dekust.be Van De Panne tot Knokke-Heist. Voor jong en minder jong. De Kust is een heerlijke bestemming voor een korte dichtbijvakantie. Meer nog, een verblijf aan de Kust doet altijd deugd. Met deze unieke fietspocket ontdek je 10 fietsroutes op het vernieuwde fietsnetwerk aan de Kust. De nieuwe paden, knooppunten, De Panne 6 verbindingsassen op het netwerk Koksijde-Oostduinkerke 10 loodsen je langs mooie natuur, Nieuwpoort 14 adresjes, bezienswaardigheden,... Middelkerke-Westende 18 in elke kustgemeente. Oostende 22 Bredene 26 Veel fietsplezier! De Haan-Wenduine 30 Blankenberge 34 Zeebrugge 38 Knokke-Heist 42 Colofon Realisatie: Westtoer, Dirk Marteel en Helena Wullepit & Roularta Custom Media: Els Vanhuysse, Project Manager Special Products, Meiboomlaan 33, 8800 Roeselare, tel. 051 26 61 11 | Redactie: Sophie Allegaert | Vormgeving: Erik Desombere | Kaartjes: Hans Vanneste | Eindredactie: Evy Alliet • Met dank aan Westtoer voor het ter beschikking stellen van de beelden. Verantwoordelijke uitgever: Sophie Van Iseghem, p/a Roularta Media Group NV, Meiboomlaan 33, 8800 Roeselare. Deze uit- gave is een gratis bijlage bij Nest. Met dank aan de partners voor de informatie. 2 3 ONTDEK HET VERNIEUWDE FIETSNETWERK IN WEST-VLAANDEREN West-Vlaanderen en de Kust in het bijzonder zijn de fiets- bestemming bij uitstek.
    [Show full text]
  • Carte Du Reseau Netkaart
    AMSTERDAM ROTTERDAM ROTTERDAM ROOSENDAAL Essen 4 ESSEN Hoogstraten Baarle-Hertog I-AM.A22 12 ANTWERPEN Ravels -OOST Wildert Kalmthout KALMTHOUT Wuustwezel Kijkuit Merksplas NOORDERKEMPEN Rijkevorsel HEIDE Zweedse I-AM.A21 ANTW. Kapellen Kaai KNOKKE AREA Turnhout Zeebrugge-Strand 51A/1 202 Duinbergen -NOORD Arendonk ZEEBRUGGE-VORMING HEIST 12 TURNHOUT ZEEBRUGGE-DORP TERNEUZEN Brasschaat Brecht North-East BLANKENBERGE 51A 51B Knokke-Heist KAPELLEN Zwankendamme Oud-Turnhout Blankenberge Lissewege Vosselaar 51 202B Beerse EINDHOVEN Y. Ter Doest Y. Eivoorde Y.. Pelikaan Sint-Laureins Retie Y. Blauwe Toren 4 Malle Hamont-Achel Y. Dudzele 29 De Haan Schoten Schilde Zoersel CARTE DU RESEAU Zuienkerke Hamont Y. Blauwe Toren Damme VENLO Bredene I-AM.A32 Lille Kasterlee Dessel Lommel-Maatheide Neerpelt 19 Tielen Budel WEERT 51 GENT- Wijnegem I-AM.A23 Overpelt OOSTENDE 50F 202A 273 Lommel SAS-VAN-GENT Sint-Gillis-Waas MECHELEN NEERPELT Brugge-Sint-Pieters ZEEHAVEN LOMMEL Overpelt ROERMOND Stekene Mol Oostende ANTWERPEN Zandhoven Vorselaar 50A Eeklo Zelzate 19 Overpelt- NETKAART Wommelgem Kaprijke Assenede ZELZATE Herentals MOL Bocholt BRUGGE Borsbeek Grobbendonk Y. Kruisberg BALEN- Werkplaatsen Oudenburg Jabbeke Wachtebeke Moerbeke Ranst 50A/5 Maldegem EEKLO HERENTALS kp. 40.620 WERKPLAATSEN Brugge kp. 7.740 Olen Gent Boechout Wolfstee 15 GEEL Y. Oostkamp Waarschoot SINT-NIKLAAS Bouwel Balen I-AM.A34 Boechout NIJLEN Y. Albertkanaal Kinrooi Middelkerke OOSTKAMP Evergem GENT-NOORD Sint-Niklaas 58 15 Kessel Olen Geel 15 Gistel Waarschoot 55 219 15 Balen BRUGGE 204 Belsele 59 Hove Hechtel-Eksel Bree Beernem Sinaai LIER Nijlen Herenthout Peer Nieuwpoort Y. Nazareth Ichtegem Zedelgem BEERNEM Knesselare Y. Lint ZEDELGEM Zomergem 207 Meerhout Schelle Aartselaar Lint Koksijde Oostkamp Waasmunster Temse TEMSE Schelle KONTICH-LINT Y.
    [Show full text]
  • Aangepast Sanitair De Kust TOILETTES ACCESSIBLES LA CÔTE ACCESSIBLE TOILETS the COAST BEHINDERTENTOILETTEN DIE KÜSTE
    Aangepast sanitair De Kust TOILETTES ACCESSIBLES LA CÔTE ACCESSIBLE TOILETS THE COAST BEHINDERTENTOILETTEN DIE KÜSTE 1 Aangepast sanitair aan de kust Woordje vooraf In dit boekje vind je het aangepast sanitair aan de Kust. Per gemeente zie je een kaart met alle locaties en per adres informatie over de toegankelijkheid. Zo kan je zelf inschatten of het toilet voor jou geschikt is. Alle gedetailleerde gegevens vind je op www.toegankelijkvlaanderen.be. Redactie: juli 2019. Legende Légende Legend Erläuterung toegankelijk accessible accessible zugänglich toegankelijk met hulp accessible avec assistence accessible with help zugänglich mit Hilfe dit is een knelpunt ceci est un obstacle this is an obstacle mit Hindernis n.v.t. niet van toepassing non applicable not applicable nicht verfügbar 3 Toegankelijkheidscriteria Critères d’accessibilité Accessibility criteria Kriterien zur Zugänglichkeit Toegangspad Chemin d’accès Entrance path Zugangsweg Inkom Entrée Entrance Eingang Naar het toilet Vers les toilettes To the toilet Zur Toilette Toiletdeur Porte de toilette Toilet door Toilettentür Draaicirkel voor de toiletdeur Aire de rotation devant la toilette Turning circle in front of the toilet door Wendekreis vor der Toilettentür Breedte van de toiletdeur Largeur de la porte de toilette Width of the toilet door Breite der Toilettentür In het toilet Dans la toilette In the toilet room In dem Toilettenraum Afmetingen toiletruimte Dimensions du cabinet de toilette Dimensions of the toilet room Grösse des Toilettenraumes Draaicirkel in de toiletruimte
    [Show full text]
  • A Marine Spatial Plan for the Belgian Part of the North Sea 82
    Something is moving at sea… A marine spatial plan for the Belgian part of the North Sea 82 A sea of busyness .........................................................................................................................................................................3 A marine spatial plan? ...........................................................................................................................................................4 Nature conservation ..................................................................................................................................................................6 INHOUD Energy, cables and pipelines .........................................................................................................................................8 Shipping, ports and dredging ...................................................................................................................................10 Fisheries and aquaculture .............................................................................................................................................12 Sand and gravel exploitation ....................................................................................................................................14 Coastal protection ....................................................................................................................................................................14 Military use .......................................................................................................................................................................................16
    [Show full text]
  • Nieuwpoort, Belgium [email protected]
    A Kingdom Saved by the Sea Guido Demerre Nieuwpoort, Belgium [email protected] The Belgian Army had been fighting a defensive war since the German invasion of Belgium on 4 August 1914. In quick succession the fortified position of Liège fell, and the Belgians withdrew to the outer fortifications of Antwerp. As commander in chief of the armed forces, Belgium’s King Albert intended to maintain his nation’s independence during this essentially Franco-Prussian conflict. Bound by a pledge of neutrality, he aimed to expell the Germans without favouring the French; he knew to fear post-war French dominance as much as German victory. Although Article VII of the Treaty of London (1839) promised European aid to protect Belgian neutrality, the king did not know when help would arrive, as the Anglo-French forces had troubles of their own in northern France. To show his support, the king launched 2 sorties from Antwerp,1 which succeeded in diverting 60,000 German soldiers destined for France. Despite the valiant efforts of little Belgium, foreign military assistance was not forthcoming. First Lord of the Admiralty Winston S. Churchill suggested that the Dutch hold the River Scheldt open to allow supplies to reach Antwerp, but the Dutch insisted on maintaining their neutrality. The British, with much more at stake in the defence of Antwerp, began sending guns and ammunition. Unfortunately, German artillery bombardments began in late September. Just as at Liège and Namur, Antwerp’s defences were no match for German guns. The Belgian clearance of the suburbs looked even worse than the aftermath of the San Francisco earthquake.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of the Coastal Dunes in the Western Belgian Coastal Plain 35 10
    33—41 Eiszeitalter u, Gegenwart 35 Hannover 1985 3 fig., 1 tab. The Evolution of the Coastal Dunes in the Western Belgian Coastal Piain RUDOLF DE CEUNYNCK*) Evolution, coastal dunes, correlation, C14 dating, Holocene pollen diagram. Belgium (Western Coastal Piain) Abstract : Two main dune systems exist in the area west of Nieuwpoort: the Younger Dunes along the ptesent coastline, and the Oldet Dunes isolated within the coastal plain near the French botder and also running parallel to the coast. Both systems have recently been subjected to geological and palynological investigations. The Older dune system is believed to be oldet than 4300 B. P. The Younger Dune-area appears to have a complex history. A sttetch of older dune- sediments (however not as old as these of the Older dunesystem) was found underneath the Younger Dunes, also near the French border. The age of these sediments is ranging from 2800 B. P. to 900 B. P. Fuftheimore two subphases of Younger Dune-formation are distinguished. Prior to the 14th century A. D. the dune area consisted of a relatively level plain. The completion of this plain matked the end of an active eolian phase. This phase started in the 11th century A. D., probably as the result of an increased incidence of storm-floods at that time (the Dunkerque-3 transgression). From the end of the 14th century on, large parabolic dunes partially butied the fotmer landsurface. Some of them are still moving nowadays. Here the evolution of the Younget Duneatea neat De Panne is described in more detail including aspects of the vegetational history of the dune area and adjacent coastal plain.
    [Show full text]
  • Geografische Indicatoren (Gebaseerd Op Census 2011) De Referentiedatum Van De Census Is 01/01/2011
    Geografische indicatoren (gebaseerd op Census 2011) De referentiedatum van de Census is 01/01/2011. Filters: Bevolking van 65 jaar of ouder België Gewest Provincie Arrondissement Gemeente Arrondissement Brugge Knokke-Heist 29.77% Arrondissement Veurne Koksijde 29.69% Arrondissement Oostende Middelkerke 27.58% De Panne 27.00% Vlaams Gewest Provincie West-Vlaanderen Arrondissement Veurne Nieuwpoort 26.97% Arrondissement Brugge Blankenberge 26.51% De Haan 26.32% Arrondissement Oostende Oostende 26.04% Waals Gewest Provincie Namen Arrondissement Dinant Vresse-sur-Semois 23.59% Vlaams Gewest Provincie Antwerpen Arrondissement Antwerpen Edegem 22.99% Waals Gewest Provincie Luik Arrondissement Luik Chaudfontaine 22.49% Provincie Oost-Vlaanderen Arrondissement Oudenaarde Horebeke 22.15% Vlaams Gewest Provincie Antwerpen Arrondissement Antwerpen Schilde 22.14% Waals Gewest Provincie Luik Arrondissement Verviers Spa 21.82% Provincie Antwerpen Arrondissement Mechelen Bonheiden 21.72% Provincie Oost-Vlaanderen Arrondissement Gent Sint-Martens-Latem 21.46% Vlaams Gewest Arrondissement Veurne Veurne 21.44% Provincie West-Vlaanderen Arrondissement Brugge Brugge 21.29% Provincie Oost-Vlaanderen Arrondissement Oudenaarde Maarkedal 21.25% Waals Gewest Provincie Luxemburg Arrondissement Virton Florenville 21.19% Vlaams Gewest Provincie Vlaams-Brabant Arrondissement Leuven Kortenaken 21.03% Provincie Luxemburg Arrondissement Neufchâteau Daverdisse 21.00% Waals Gewest Provincie Henegouwen Arrondissement Charleroi Montigny-le-Tilleul 20.91% Vlaams Gewest Provincie
    [Show full text]
  • Press File 1
    PRESSE INFORMATION WWW.BEAUFORT21.BE Beaufort 21 27 May – 7 November 2021 Press file 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 3 THE CONCEPT .......................................................................................................................................... 4 HEIDI BALLET, CURATOR BEAUFORT 21 .................................................................................................. 5 THE ARTWORKS ....................................................................................................................................... 6 DE PANNE ............................................................................................................................................ 6 KOKSIJDE-OOSTDUINKERKE................................................................................................................. 8 NIEUWPOORT .................................................................................................................................... 10 MIDDELKERKE-WESTENDE ................................................................................................................ 12 OOSTENDE ......................................................................................................................................... 14 BREDENE ...........................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Linkebeek 27.25% Vlaams Gewest Provincie Oost-Vlaanderen Arrondissement Gent Aalter 27.25%
    Geografische indicatoren (gebaseerd op Census 2011) De referentiedatum van de Census is 01/01/2011. Filters: Vergrijzingsgraad België Gewest Provincie Arrondissement Gemeente Arrondissement Brugge Knokke-Heist 49.80% Arrondissement Veurne Koksijde 48.90% Arrondissement Oostende Middelkerke 45.59% De Panne 44.54% Vlaams Gewest Provincie West-Vlaanderen Arrondissement Veurne Nieuwpoort 43.60% Arrondissement Brugge Blankenberge 42.56% De Haan 42.43% Arrondissement Oostende Oostende 42.30% Waals Gewest Provincie Namen Arrondissement Dinant Vresse-sur-Semois 38.66% Provincie Oost-Vlaanderen Arrondissement Oudenaarde Horebeke 36.82% Vlaams Gewest Provincie Antwerpen Arrondissement Antwerpen Edegem 36.52% Waals Gewest Provincie Luik Arrondissement Luik Chaudfontaine 35.67% Arrondissement Antwerpen Schilde 34.88% Vlaams Gewest Provincie Antwerpen Arrondissement Mechelen Bonheiden 34.51% Provincie Luik Arrondissement Verviers Spa 34.32% Waals Gewest Provincie Luxemburg Arrondissement Virton Florenville 33.98% Vlaams Gewest Provincie Oost-Vlaanderen Arrondissement Gent Sint-Martens-Latem 33.94% Waals Gewest Provincie Luxemburg Arrondissement Neufchâteau Daverdisse 33.91% Provincie West-Vlaanderen Arrondissement Veurne Veurne 33.77% Vlaams Gewest Provincie Oost-Vlaanderen Arrondissement Oudenaarde Maarkedal 33.69% Waals Gewest Provincie Namen Arrondissement Dinant Gedinne 33.27% Provincie Vlaams-Brabant Arrondissement Leuven Kortenaken 33.05% Vlaams Gewest Provincie West-Vlaanderen Arrondissement Brugge Brugge 33.01% Provincie Luxemburg Arrondissement
    [Show full text]
  • The French and Belgian Coast from Dunkirk to De Panne : a Case Study of Transborder Cooperation in the Framework of the Interreg
    The French and Belgian Coast from Dunkirk to De Panne : a Case Study of Transborder Cooperation in the Framework of the Interreg Initiative of the European Community A. Bryche1, B. de Putter2, P. De Wolf3 Abstract The North Sea coast between the French town of Dunkirk and the Belgian sea resort of De Panne consists of sandy beaches bordered by dunes. A number of smaller sea resorts lie between these two towns. Problems of coastal protection are similar on both sides of the border; particularly the coastline is subject to beach depletion and erosion of the dunes. The European Community (EC) has recently taken an initiative called "Interreg" which, among other things, promotes the joint execution of transborder programmes by the member states. The initiative permits a substantial financial contribution o f the Community to those programmes which meet its objectives. In the framework of this "Interreg" initiative, the French and Belgian authorities have proposed to the EC the joint execution of detailed studies of coastal protection works in the border region. The proposal has recently been accepted by the EC. The paper first briefly describes the similarity of the coastal morphology on both sides of the border and the solutions that have been applied in the field of coastal protection in both countries. Some difficulties also had to be solved before the joint study programme could be started up: e.g. the difference in chart levels and geodetic systems used on both sides of the border. The paper finally gives a summary of the studies which will be executed in the framework of the Interreg initiative.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecological Restoration in Flanders
    Ecological Restoration in Flanders Kris Decleer (editor) Mededelingen van het Instituut voor Natuur- en Bosonderzoek INBO.M.2008.04 1 Acknowledgements This publication was made possible by the contributions and support of the following people and organisations. Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO) Peter Adriaens, Niko Boone, Geert De Blust, Piet De Becker, Nicole De Groof, Kris Decleer, Luc Denys, Myriam Dumortier, Robin Guelinckx, Maurice Hoffmann, Lon Lommaert, Tanja Milotic, Sam Provoost, Geert Spanoghe, Erika Van den Bergh, Kris Van Looy, Tessa Van Santen, Jan Van Uytvanck, Kris Vandekerkhove, Bart Vandevoorde. Agency for Nature and Forests (ANB) Mario De Block, Evy Dewulf, Jeroen Geukens, Valérie Goethals, Lily Gora, Jean-Louis Herrier, Elvira Jacques, Hans Jochems, Marc Leten, Els Martens, Lieven Nachtergale, Hannah Van Nieuwenhuyse, Laurent Vanden Abeele, Eddy Vercammen, Tom Verschraegen, LIFE project team ‘DANAH’ Flemish Land Agency (VLM) Carole Ampe, Ingrid Beerens, Griet Celen, Hilde Heyrman, Joy Laquière, Daniël Sanders, Hilde Stulens, Toon Van Coillie, Inge Vermeulen Natuurpunt (NP) Tom Andries, Dirk Bogaert, Gaby Bollen, Tom De Beelde, Joost Dewyspelaere, Gert Ducheyne, Frederik Hendrickx, Guido Tack, Steven Vangompel, Christine Verscheure, Stefan Versweyveld University of Ghent Eckhart Kuijken University of Antwerp Tom Maris City of Ghent Bart De Muynck 2 Content page Foreword 5 I. Policy framework for ecological restoration in Flanders 7 I.1. Legal obligations 7 ● Spatial planning and zoning maps 7 ● The Flemish Ecological Network 7 ● Natura 2000 7 I.2. Main instruments for ecological restoration in Flanders 9 ● Acquisition of land for the creation of nature reserves 9 ● Management of nature reserves 9 ● Ecological restoration as a side effect of large public works 9 ● Compensation obligation 9 ● Schemes for land development and land development for nature 9 ● EU (LIFE) 10 ● Private-public cooperation agreements for management and restoration 10 ● Regional Landscapes 10 II.
    [Show full text]