Third National Consultation on SDG 6

on the theme of “Sanitation Challenge and Sulabh’s Best Practices”

Organised by National Institution for Transforming (NITI) Aayog and Research and Information System for Developing Countries (RIS)

on August 9, 2016 at Juniper Hall, India Habitat Centre, New

By: Dr. Bindeshwar Pathak, Ph.D., D.Litt. Sociologist & Social Reformer Founder, Sulabh Sanitation Movement “One has seen power of money, power of post and place, but I saw that power of compassion, love and respect for others, which is instilled in Dr. Pathak’s character since childhood, can create magic in the lives of the needy people and transform their lives.”

–Mrs. Abha Kumar Vision, Mission, Commitment, Capability and efficiency coupled with honesty, integrity, ethics and morality. One life, One Mission and methodologies and inventions have made difference in the lives of formerly untouchables, widows and in the entire sanitation scenario in India. I have introduced a state of art technology to combat arsenic found in the ground water in several parts of India. This has given a new lease of life to the people living in those areas. By the use of an innovative invention of conversion of human waste into fertilizer serves multifarious functions of prevention of water pollution, providing energy from human waste and reduction of global warming. This innovative recycling of human waste has provided a method to impact climate change as well.

Problem Research Invention Strategy Action Collaboration Appreciation including Replication Mr. Bill de Blasio, Mayor of the city of New York , declared April 14, 2016 as “DR. BINDESHWAR PATHAK DAY” 5

BINDESHWAR PATHAK Top 50 diversity figures in public life in This category recognises the achievements of individuals who have used their position in public life, for example as a campaigner, politician or journalist to make an impact in diversity.

Dr Bindeshwar Pathak, Founder, Sulabh International (India) "Humanist, social reformer and diversity champion Pathak works as an advocate for to the so-called ‘untouchable’ caste, so they may work, live and pray as a fully integrated part of Indian life. His work in the improvement of sanitation and production of bio-gas is changing health and wealth outcomes for the poorest people and is cited as one of the Globally Best Practice by the Centre for Human Settlements.“

– THE ECONOMIST

Ranked by The Economist amongst the World's Top 50 diversity figures in public life along with US President Barack Obama, Angelina Jolie and Bill Gates (November 2015) 6 The Dubai Municipality and UNCHS (HABITAT) awarded Sulabh ‘Dubai International Award for Best Practices to Improve the Living Environment’ out of 1125 entries in the year 2000. 7 Hon'ble Mrs. Anna K. Tibaijuka, Executive Director of UN-HABITAT presenting the UN-Habitat Scroll of Honour 2003 Award to Dr. Pathak. 8 Mr. JRD Tata at the inaugural Late J.R.D. Tata praised function of Sulabh Bombay Sulabh work Sheriff Bakul Patel is at extreme right “2016 Humanitarian Award” from the New York Global Leaders Dialogue at Harvard Club, New York on April 12, 2016

“‘CNN-News18 Indian of the Year, 2015 – Outstanding Achievement’ award by CNN-News18 at on June 09, 2016 The BBC World News Series, Horizons has featured Sulabh technology amongst the five inventions of the world.

Dr. Pathak and Ms. Rajini Vaidyanathan, BBC BBC Correspondent Rajini Vaidyanathan visits New Delhi Correspondent at the human excreta based Sulabh in India, to examine the twin pit toilet invented by Dr. Bindeshwar Pathak. biogas plant linked with Sulabh Community Toilet Complex situated in the Sulabh Campus. 11 World Health Organisation has designatated Sulabh as “WHO Collaborating Center for Sanitation, Hyeiene and Water”

Hon’ble Dr. Poonam Khetrapal Singh, WHO Regional Director, for South-East Asia, visited the Sulabh campus on March 09, 2016

12 Problems

Scavengers had to clean bucket toilets before sunrise, so that nobody could see them or touch them

14 15 16 17 Dr. Pathak taking out the human excreta from bucket toilet at Arrah, Bihar

Dr. Pathak carrying human excreta on the head in container along with human scavengers at Arrah, Bihar

Dr. Pathak throwing out the human excreta along with human scavengers at Arrah, Bihar Open Defecation Open Defecation India had and has the problems of defecation in the open and manual cleaning of nightsoil by untouchables called human scavengers. Gandhi was the first person whose attention was drawn to find out solutions of these problems.

25  In the sixties when I came on the scene of sanitation and untouchability at that time in rural areas, seldom, house had a toilet. The people used to defecate in the open.

 Women had to suffer the most. They had to go out for open defecation in the dark – before sunrise or after sunset. Their dignity was at risk, subjected to criminal assaults and occasionally suffer from snake bites.

26  Girls did not go to schools because of lack of toilet facilities in schools.  Mortality rate among children was very high because of diarrhoea, dehydration, hookworm, roundworm, etc.  My own sister’s son died because of diarrhoea while he was being taken to hospital.

27  In urban areas 85% houses used to be served by bucket toilets cleaned manually by the human scavengers called untouchables.

 The untouchables had to face all sorts of humiliation, insult and indignation by the society.

 As per 1961 census there were 3.5 million human scavengers out of which 8,02,400 used to clean human excreta exclusively. Only 15 towns had sewerage treatment plants out of 2363 towns. 28 To explain the situation, I just would like to narrate a small story that how an English woman was not inclined to visit India because of lack of toilet facilities:

Water Closet Story In the days when you could not count on a public toilet facility, an English woman was planning a trip to India – She registered to stay in a small guest house owned by the local schoolmaster. She was concerned as to whether the guest house contained a WC (Water Closet). Contd… 29 She wrote to the schoolmaster inquiring of the facilities about the WC. The school master, not fluent in English asked the local priest if he knew the meaning of WC.

Together they pondered possible meanings of the letters and concluded that the lady wanted to know if there was a “Wayside Chapel” near the house. That the letters could mean a bathroom, never entered their minds. So the schoolmaster wrote:

Contd… 30

“Dear Madam,

I take great pleasure in informing you that the WC is located 9 miles from the house. It is located in the middle of a grove of pine trees, surrounded by lovely grounds. It is capable of holding 229 people and is open on Sundays and Thursdays. As there are many people expected in the summer months, I suggest you arrive early. There is, however, plenty of standing room. This is an unfortunate situation especially if you are in the habit of going regularly. It may be of some interest to you that my daughter was married in the WC, since she met her husband there. Contd… 31 It was a wonderful event. There were 10 people in every seat. It was wonderful to see the expressions on their faces. My wife, sadly, has been ill and unable to go recently. It has been almost a year since she went last, which pains her greatly. You will be pleased to know that many people bring their lunch and make a day of it. Others prefer to wait till the last minute and arrive just in time! I would recommend that your ladyship plan to go on a Thursday, as there is an organ accompaniment.

Contd… 32 The acoustics are excellent and even the most delicate sounds can be heard everywhere. The newest addition is a bell which rings every time a person enters. We are holding a bazaar to provide plush seats for all since many feel it is long needed. I look forward to escorting you there myself and seating you in a place where you can be seen by all.

With deepest regards, The Schoolmaster.” No wonder the woman never visited India!!!

Contd… 33 Historical Background

Mud is removed from the soil by a Khurpi and a hole made in which one can defecate

Ancient Indian culture forbade defecation near the house and the practice was that the arrow was shot from the bow and one could defecate only after the distance where the arrow landed.

After the ground is dug and the hole is made grass and leaves are put in it. 34 Septic Tank

Septic tank is also costly in construction. It requires 10 litres of water to flush, per use and has a vent pipe too resulting in atmospheric pollution. The septic tank without soak pit is health hazardous. 35 Research

APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY – TWO PIT POUR FLUSH COMPOST TOILET

 In the Sulabh two-pit pour-flush Compost Toilet, there are two pits one of which is used at a time.  Excreta in the first pit turns into manure after two years which can be cleaned by anybody.  Manure is odourless and pathogen free & can be used in fields and gardens.  Capacity of the pit can vary from 2 years to 40 years as per design.  More than 1.5 million two-pit Pour Flush Compost Toilets installed in India by Sulabh alone. The Government of India has also got installed 54 million such toilets.  This design has been implemented in three continents of Asia, Africa and Latin America. 37 The construction of Sulabh Shauchalaya is also very easy and the same can be constructed without any difficulty. If there is space then one should make two round pits separately. The benefit of this is that the lower layer is absolutely dry and there is not even a drop of water. If there is shortage of space then both the pits can be made together with a partition wall in between.

Design of the Sulabh two-pit pour flush ecological compost toilet Design of the Sulabh two-pit pour 38 flush ecological compost toilet

The partition wall is one feet deeper than the other walls and is also jutting out one feet on both sides. To make the walls stones, bricks, woods or mud baked burnt clay rings, coaltar etc. can be used.

Sulabh pour-flush toilet for least space with the toilet on top of the pits 39 LINING OF PITS Can be lined from locally available materials

Brick Stone

Cement Concrete Ring Burnt Clay Wooden Logs 40 DIFFERENT DESIGNS OF SULABH TWO PIT, POUR FLUSH, COMPOST TOILET

Cost Rs. 8,975/-) Cost Rs. 11,835/-)

The cheapest toilet with jute on Superstructure made of thatched palm all sides on bamboo frame matting – affordable for poor people. 41 Cost Rs. 12,655/-) Cost Rs. 19,022 /-) Thatched wall with roof on bamboo frame Brick wall with no door

Cost Rs. 21,700 /-) Cost Rs. 16,600/-) Circular design without door and roof for Brick wall with jute curtain people who feel claustrophobic. 42 Cost Rs. 24,460/-) Cost Rs. 27,310/-) Toilet walls made of bricks with roof and Brick toilet for those people who can wooden door- more expensive afford to spend more money

Cost Rs. 1,04,510/-)

Even the rich can get constructed Sulabh two-pit, pour flush toilets where there is no sewerage. The pits can be cleaned after 40 years 43 Panoramic view of different life size models of the Sulabh Two Pit Ecological Compost Toilets on display in the Sulabh Campus

In the Sulabh two-pit technology there is flexibility of design which the beneficiary can choose depending upon his affordability and size of family. 44 WATER SAVING P-TRAP USED IN SULABH TWO PIT POUR FLUSH COMPOST TOILET

It requires only 1 to 1.5 litres of water to flush

Ceramic Pan with 25° to P – trap is between Pre-cast P-trap 28° slope 12-20 mm water seal 45 The platforms on the Sulabh pits can be used for a variety of purposes like cooking, chopping fish, chaffing grains and running a small shop

46 The Sulabh toilets constructed in the upper floors of buildings can be connected to two pits.

The Sulabh toilet can be constructed in areas where the water-table is high, in waterlogged, flood prone and high sub-soil water areas where the pits could be raised

47 Wealth from Waste In Sulabh Shauchalayas the human excreta after remaining in the pit for two years gets converted into biofertilizer and it helps to enhance the productivity of the soil and can be effectively used for agriculture and horticulture purposes.

High yield of fruits and crops The manure is a rich fertilizer and is a soil conditioner which improves the productivity of the field and fruits and flowers, when used for agriculture/ horticulture. 48 Picture of Sulabh Shauchalaya constructed by Sulabh in the villages of Haryana, Bihar & Jharkhand

Sulabh Shauchalaya (Two pit Sulabh Shauchalaya Sulabh Shauchalaya pour flush compost toilet at (Two pit, pour flush (Two pit, pour flush Hirmathla (Haryana) Total compost toilet at Bihar) compost toilet Cost Rs. 15,000/- Cost Rs.36,013/- . at Jharkhand) Rs. 12,000/- Railtel Cost Rs. 35,800/-. Corporation, Rs. 3,000/- Beneficiary Contribution. Pictures of Sulabh Shauchalaya constructed by Sulabh in the villages of Punjab

In Rural areas, 543 & 4500 individual toilets have been constructed in villages of Punjab in 2008 & 2013 respectively which are functioning very well. Sulabh Shauchalaya (Two pit pour flush compost toilet) Cost Rs. 21,820/- Cost borne by the State Government of Punjab. Implementation of Sulabh Shauchalaya (Individual household toilets) and awareness programmes in Hirmathla, Haryana with the help of Railtel Corporation

In this village every house has Sulabh Shauchalaya. Sarpanch of the village is ready to fine to those who goes outside for defecation but because everybody goes to toilet this situation did not arise. 51 Sulabh Shauchalaya has been built with Two-Pits52 . 53 Construction of Sulabh Shauchalaya CAMPAIGN TO PROVIDE: ‘TOILET IN EVERY HOUSEHOLD’ IN KORALI VILLAGE, HARYANA Toilets built by Sulabh International CSR ACTIVITIES BY SULABH INTERNATIONAL Implementation of Sulabh shauchalaya (Individual household toilets) in District Ludhiana, Punjab sponsored by Bharti Foundation CAMPAIGN TO PROVIDE: ‘TOILET IN EVERY HOUSEHOLD’

Toilets built by Sulabh International at Katra Sadatganj Village, Budaun, Uttar Pradesh SULABH INDIVIDUAL TOILETS FOR CARPET WEAVERS

at Village Gopepur, Bhadohi, Uttar Pradesh CAMPAIGN TO PROVIDE: ‘SULABH SANITATION CAMPAIGN’

Toilets built by Sulabh International at Rawal Village, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh Work done by Sulabh International Social Service Organisation under Corporate Social Responsibility

S.No. Name of State Name of Public and Private Sector

1. Assam * Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL)

2. Bihar * Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL), Vaishali * Ordinance Factory Rajgir * National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) * Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL) * HUDCO

3. Chandigarh * HUDCO

S.No. Name of State Name of Public and Private Sector

4. Delhi * Rail Tel Corporation of India Ltd. * SAIL, Rourkela * SAIL, Durgapur 5. Goa * Thamba Metal * ACGL 6. * GAIL

7. Himachal * ITC Pradesh * HUL * Ambuja Cement * Ware Housing Corporation of India S.No. Name of State Name of Public and Private Sector

8. Jammu & * Power Grid Corporation of India Kashmir Limited.

9. Karnataka * Intel Private Limited * Power Grid Corporation of India Limited

10. Maharashtra * HDFC * M/s. Sheth Developers Pvt. Ltd. * M/s Indiabulls Real Estate * Ambuja Cement Foundation * Gateway Terminals India Pvt. Ltd. * M/s Asmi Realtors S.No. Name of State Name of Public and Private Sector

11. Punjab * HUDCO * Guru Gobind Singh Super Thermal Plant * Ms. Mandip Kaur Sandher * Vividha Infrastructure Pvt. Ltd.

12. Rajasthan Grasim Cement, Kotputali Ultratech Cement Panipath

13. Uttar Pradesh Coal India Ltd. BHEL, Jhansi GAIL, Pata Auraiyya IRCTC GAIL (I) Ltd. School Sanitation The Project Sivagangai SULABH SCHOOL TOILETS Toilets constructed in schools of Funded by HSBC, Gurgaon Tonk, Rajasthan by Sulabh Funded by World Vision, India

School toilets in Prathmic Vidyalaya School toilets in Brahmpurva Risiya Bahraich Shivpur, Uttar Pradesh constructed by constructed by Sulabh International and sponsored Sulabh International and sponsored by by New India Assurance Company Limited. State Bank of India

Sulabh School Toilets at Hyderabad funded by ONGC Sulabh School Toilets at Odisha funded by NALCO Foundation Sulabh School Toilets at Vishakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh Sulabh School Toilets at funded by Hoshiyarpur Nuclear Power Corporation of funded by India Limited State Bank of (NPCIL) India (SBI) Sulabh School Toilets for girls with the facility of sanitary napkin machine at Government Hr. Sec. School Vandalur, Chennai, funded by COMSTAR

Sulabh School Toilets Sulabh School Toilets at Malur Taluk, Bangalore at Government Primary High School, funded by Antrix Corporation Ltd. (ISRO) Araleri, Malur, Karnataka funded by

ATKINS (India) Pvt. Sulabh School Ltd. Toilets at Gujarat funded by HLPL Shell

CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE OF PUBLIC TOILETS

70 Construction & Maintenance of Public toilets Patna Municipal Corporation had the problem of maintenance of public toilets and bathrooms. In 1974 Patna Municipal Corporation decided to engage Sulabh as a catalytic agency again and gave finance for construction of the toilets and bathrooms. But maintenance, it was decided, will be done out of the proceeds taken from the users by Sulabh under the pay-and-use system without putting burden on public exchequer.

Initially this idea was ridiculed and people harboured skeptical views about the success of the programme. Everybody entertained doubts about willingness of people to pay for the use of toilet. But in 1974 in the month of August on the very first day 500 people came to use the toilets and the collection was Rs. 50/-.

This idea worked throughout the country and apart from Sulabh many other NGOs and companies subsequently have come forward to maintain public toilets on this basis. Now to build and maintain public toilets a new system has emerged in this sector known as

BOT. 71 The First Sulabh Public Toilet Complex constructed and maintained at Gandhi Maidan, Patna, Bihar SULABH PUBLIC TOILETS  Introduced system of maintenance of public toilets on “pay and use” basis in 1974.  More than 8000 Public Toilets (W.C. 70,000; Baths 28,000; Urinals 23,000) which are being used by more than 15 million people daily.

Second Largest Sulabh Toilet Complex in the world at Shirdi (Nasik), Maharashtra, India

Funded by SHIRDI TRUST, constructed and maintained by Sulabh International, it has 148 toilets with dressing, baby sitting, breast feeding facilities and 108 bathrooms, 2,300 lockers for keeping the belongings of pilgrims. The complex is lit by electricity produced from the human excreta generated biogas plant. 50,000 persons can use these facilities daily. Sulabh Toilet Complex, Lucknow, U.P.

Biogas generation at Sulabh Toilet Complex, Shirdi, Nasik, Maharashtra74 Cloak Room facility at Sulabh Toilet Complex, Shirdi, Nasik, Maharashtra

Sulabh Toilet Complex, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 76 Sulabh Toilet Complex (Air-Conditioned), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh77 Sulabh Toilet Complex, Hoshangabad, Madhya Pradesh 78 Urninals inside Sulabh Toilet Complex, The Taj Mahal, Agra. This was declared second best in the world. (Hindustan Times, 12th July 2006) 79

Sulabh Toilet Complex, TAJ MAHAL, AGRA 80 Metro Dhobi Talao (Sponsored by Tata)

Inside View- Ultra Modern Sulabh Toilet Complex at Deoghar, Jharkhand.82 Sulabh Toilet Complex at Dona Paula, Panaji, Goa. 83 A view of Sulabh Toilet Complex at Sanaganeri Gate, Jaipur, Rajasthan84 Sulabh Toilet Complex – New Delhi Railway Station, Delhi. 85 Sulabh Toilet Complex at Manisha Market , Shahpur, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh86 People using Sulabh Toilet Complex, Mumbai High Court, Maharastra87 88 Sulabh Toilet Complex, Dwaraka, Gujarat Child friendly Toilet known as “Bal Mitra Sauchalaya” – 89 Inside view, Bhopal, India Child friendly Toilet known as “Bal Mitra Sauchalaya” – Inside view, Bhopal, India 90 Wash Basin for Hand Wash – Inside view of 91 Sulabh Toilet Complex, Delhi Girl combing her hair using mirror inside 92 the Sulabh Toilet Complex Toilets for Specially Challenged People

Urinals installed with sensor system

Water Tap fitted with Sensors Hand Wash facility – Ethiopian Ambassador to India, Her Excellency Ms. 96 Genet Zewide using the facility at Sulabh Toilet Complex Sulabh has constructed five toilet public complexes with biogas plants in Kabul. This has been funded by the Ministry of External Affairs, Govt. of India. These projects have been executed and completed in collaboration with Kabul Municipality. In 2007 the temperature went down to – 300C and also biogas plants functioned very well. So this technology, suitable for housing colonies, high-rise buildings like hotels, schools, colleges, hospitals and in non- sewered areas can be replicated with modifications at the rural level as well.

Sulabh Toilet Complex attached with Biogas Plant at Kabul, Afghanistan

97 Sulabh Toilet Complex at Kabul, Afghanistan 98 Sulabh Toilet Complex at Kabul, Afghanistan Inside View- Sulabh Public Toilet, Kabul, Afghanistan Inside View- Sulabh Public Toilet, Kabul, Afghanistan Sulabh Public Toilet Complex with biogas plant–linked to Sulabh Effluent Treatment device–at Sulabh campus, New Delhi World’s Largest Toilet Complex at Pandharpur, Maharashtra Sulabh has constructed a cluster of eight mega toilet apartments comprising at least 1,417 toilet units in the vicinity of the temple in Pandharpur in Maharashtra, which is used over 1.5 lakh persons daily. Besides, a provision has been made to facilitate bathing of several hundred persons simultaneously. Each of the newly built buildings consists of 282 toilet and bath compartments and provides facility of lockers as well as changing rooms for devotees who congregate daily during special religious occasions.

World’s Largest Toilet Complex at Pandharpur, Maharashtra World’s Biggest Toilet Complex at Pandharpur, Maharashtra HUMAN EXCRETA BASED BIOGAS PLANT  Human excreta recycled resulting in the production of biogas.  Used for cooking, lighting, electricity generation & warming oneself in winter.  200 biogas plants of 35-60 cubic meter capacity constructed in different parts of India and 5 places in Afghanistan.

Public toilet linked to biogas plant with gas holder 10 6 Uses of Biogas

Biogas used to warm oneself in winter

Biogas used for lighting of mantle lamps

His Excellency Timothy J. Roemer former, Ambassador of 107 USA to India trying his hand in frying a papadam Sulabh Effluent Treatment Plant  Biogas effluent treated through sedimentation tank, aeration tank, sand filter, activated charcoal followed by Ultra Violet (UV) rays.  After the treatment the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) reduced to less than 10 milligram per litre.  Treated effluent turns colourless, odourless and pathogen-free. Can be used as liquid manure.  Safe for aquaculture, agriculture, gardening & discharging into water body.

108 PUBLIC TOILET LINKED TO BIOGAS DIGESTER AND SULABH EFFLUENT TREATMENT (SET) DEVICE

The water discharged is treated by passing it through sedimentation chamber, sand filter, aeration tank, charcoal and through ultra violet rays. 109 The water from Sulabh Toilet is also treated through Ultra Violet filter and the BOD in this water is less than 10 which is good for use in the field or to discharge in river bodies.

110 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

Water Hyacinth

 Water Hyacinth is an aquatic, seasonal weed and the advantage of this weed is that –  It is a good substrate for biogas generation.

Contd…  Biogas is non functional in summer due to non availability of water hyacinth. The biogas can be produced throughout the year by harvesting, drying and pulverising this weed.  The biogas generation shows better result when fed with dried water hyacinth and increase the gas production.

112 DUCKWEED BASED WASTE WATER TREATMENT  This waste water treatment is suitable for population less than one lac.  A fast growing free floating plant.  Reduces BOD,COD of waste water.  Contains up to 30 % protein.  Complete feed for fish.  In duckweed treated water fish is grown.  8-10 tons of fish per ha. of pond/annum can be harvested. SULABH THERMOPHILIC AEROBIC COMPOSTING (STAC) TECHNOLOGY FOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

 A plant of GI sheet having double wall filled with glass wool, partitioned with perforated sheet into three chambers.  Requires 8 – 10 days to make compost from any biodegradable waste.  No manual handling.  It functions at low temperature also.  More suitable for housing colonies, hostels, hilly areas.

STAC– MAKLORGANJ (DHARMSHALA, HIMACHAL PRADESH) PROJECT QUALITY EDUCATION

Sulabh Public School:  We have an English Medium School which was started in 1992.  Recognised by CBSE.  Tuition fee is waived and free uniforms, books are provided to children of scavenger community.  The strength of the school is 500 students. 60% are from the Scavenger community and 40% from rest of the community.  Students share lunch with one another.  Messages of proper hygiene behaviour spread from children to parents and community. Implementing children’s rights: Children have the right to be as healthy. Good health and sanitation contribute to a happy childhood. SCHOOL SANITATION – SULABH APPROACH Toilets and Urinals in the school are cleaned by the students and teachers turn by turn.

Sense of Ownership and Hygiene Behavior: Teacher and Students cleaning toilets and wash basin at Sulabh Public School, Mahavir Enclave, New Delhi. An Over view of the Toilet Cleaning Activity in Sulabh Public School, New Delhi Teachers and Students engaged in the cleaning process TRAINING IS BEING GIVEN TO STUDENTS HOW TO MAKE SANITARY NAPKIN BY THE TEACHER NAPKINS BEING MADE BY SCHOOL STUDENTS AT THE SULABH SCHOOL SANITATION CLUB , NEW DELHI NAPKINS BEING MADE BY SCHOOL STUDENTS AT THE SULABH SCHOOL SANITATION CLUB , NEW DELHI

VIEW OF THE SANITARY NAPKIN DISPOSER AT SULABH PUBLIC SCHOOL

Vocational Training Centre in New Delhi

Cutting & Sewing Trade Beauty-care Trade

Electrical Trade Shorthand & Typing Trade 126 Vocational Training Centre in New Delhi

Audio & Visual Embroidery Trade Trade

127 HEALTH CENTRE

Sulabh Ideal Health Centre is a part of Sulabh Toilet Complex. A Total  Free Consultations by Doctors for general public Healthcare Concept is practised here throughout the day. to achieve the ‘Health for all Goal’ by  Dispensing of medicines at the token money of Rs. WHO. This means that there has to be 5/- per day from those who are willing to pay a co-existence of the Health, hygiene (otherwise it is given free of cost). and sanitation practices in order to  Sanitary napkin vending machine – low cost sanitary achieve good health. Our Health napkins are provided. centre has following facilities:-  Distribution of Condoms, Oral Contraceptive Pills (OCPs), Oral Rehydration Salt (ORS), Iron, Folic Acid and Calcium tablets free of cost.  Pulse Polio Centre of Delhi Government. 128 SULABH DRINKING WATER ATM

Union Minister for Social Justice and Empowerment Hon’ble Shri Thaawar Chand Gehlot and Dr. Bindeshwar Pathak at the Sulabh Purified Water ATM and the Sulabh Purified Water Plant SULABH Safe Drinking Water – Madhusudankati Gaighat, Kolkata

SULABH Safe Drinking Water – Madhusudankati Gaighat, Kolkata SULABH Safe Drinking Water – Madhusudankati Gaighat, Kolkata SULABH Safe Drinking Water Haridaspur, West Bengal SULABH Safe Drinking Water , Haridaspur, West Bengal Diagram of Sulabh Dug Well Water Treatment Plant in Bangaon and Midnapur, West Bengal

Diagram of Sulabh River/Pond Water Treatment Plant at Madhusudankati, West Bengal SULABH Safe Drinking Water Midnapur village, West Bengal Dr. Bindeshwar Pathak, Founder, SULABH’S INITIATIVE Sulabh Social and Sanitation CLEAN DRINKING Movement announced the decision to setup a water WATER AT ASSI GHAT, purification plant at the historic VARANASI, UTTAR Assi Ghat, during a press preview PRADESH to take an initiative for clean Ganga at Assi Ghat in Varanasi on May 07, 2015. “...... I have decided that I will make toilets, whatever may people think. I have a had a small background and I believe in working for small issues for small people. I am a small man who wants to do big things for small people...... ” “...... It is our social responsibility as citizens of India to help fulfill Gandhiji’s vision of Clean India, by his 150th birth anniversary in 2019...... ” — Shri , Hon’ble Prime Minister of India

Hon’ble Shri Narendra Modi is the first Prime Minister of India who has given importance to sanitation and toilets after Mahatma Gandhi. To pay tribute to Mahatma on his 150th Birth Anniversary, he in his speech on 15th August 2014 called upon the people to end the practice of defecation in open by 2019. 139 “The Prime Minister, Mr. Narendra Modi has ignited the candle of cleanliness among Indians to make India clean. He has asked Indians to restore the culture of sanitation which Indians had during Harappan civilization. We should join hands with the Prime Minister with all the might and resources, to make India clean and free from defecation in the open. Be civilized, be cultured, be clean, make India clean and standout in the row of civilized, cultured and clean nations.”

140 HON’BLE PRIME MINISTER SHRI NARENDRA MODI being shown cleaned and restored historic Assi Ghat HON’BLE PRIME MINISTER SHRI NARENDRA MODI being shown cleaned and restored historic Assi Ghat HON’BLE PRIME MINISTER SHRI NARENDRA MODI LAUDS CLEANING AND RESTORATION OF HISTORIC ASSI GHAT

Sulabh International Museum of Toilets

An inside view of Sulabh International Museum of Toilets at New Delhi Ornamental Urinal and Pot Box-type chamberpot

A replica of the throne of King A toilet shaped as Louis XIV of who used it to a leather chair defecate while giving audience John Harington, Courtier of Queen Elizabeth-I who invented the first modern flush toilet

Double-storeyed toilet from USA of 1920 in which the first floor was reserved for the managers and workers used ground floor Elephants being trained to use toilets in Thailand Bidet of Queen Victoria studded with Toilet with NASA/USA for space station jewels and pearls costing 19 million dollar

IMPORTANT ACTIVITIES – SWACHH BHARAT ABHIYAN CLEAN INDIA CAMPAIGN –Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi launched the “Swacch Bharat Campaign” on October 2, 2014 in which Sulabh also participated with a large number of its volunteers sweeping the roads.

SULABH SWACCHTA RATH

The first destination of the Sulabh Swacchta Rath that was flagged off at the gala celebrations of World Toilet Day at the Constitution Club, Connaught Place, New Delhi was a Hirmathla village in Mewat, Haryana. The Rath is equipped with the audio-visual gadgets and is expected to travel across the country, taking with it a message related to the importance of toilets.

Manual Scavengers

Scavenger considered untouchable, being given water in cupped hands

Food shared in unhealthy surroundings Rehabilitation of Manual Scavengers & Social Acceptability

Dr. Pathak’s first interaction with manual scavengers (treated as ‘untouchables’) at Alwar, Rajasthan

“DARKNESS TO LIGHT” : An Initiative towards Rehabilitation of Scavengers

“Darkness to Light” Vocational Training Centre was set up at Alwar, Rajasthan in April 2003, to liberate and rehabilitate women hitherto engaged in the profession of scavenging till March end, 2003. “DARKNESS TO LIGHT” : An Initiative towards Rehabilitation of Scavengers VOCATIONAL TRAINING CLASSES Social Transformation

Social transformation of the erstwhile scavengers (untouchables) can be seen from the fact that they are welcomed inside the house of an upper caste woman who is also serving them water. Food Products being accepted by high caste Rehabilitation of Manual Scavengers & Social Acceptability

After the conversion of bucket toilets into Sulabh flush toilets lacs of scavengers became free from manual cleaning of human faeces as well as from the shackles of untouchability Sulabh gave education to these women scavengers in reading, writing and putting their signatures. As Gandhi had given emphasis on the basic education so I started giving them vocational education in different trades so that they can earn their livelihood and be self-reliant. I have helped them to perform rites, rituals and ceremonies of the upper castes people. I took these untoucables to temples where their entry was banned. They went to the famous Nathdwara, temple, did worship with untouchables and upper caste people and when they came back, the then President of India, Shri R. Venkatraman and the then Hon’ble Prime Minister Bharat Ratna Shri Rajiv Gandhi gave audience to them.

ERSTWHILE SCAVENGERS (UNTOUCHABLES) GAIN ENTRY IN TEMPLE

Entering a temple – a dream fulfilled on December 21, 2008

of scavengers (untouchables) whose entry was banned 167 for centuries due to the practice of untouchability. PERFORMING PUJA

The age-old practice of untouchability and discrimination ends with priests of the upper ‘Brahmin’ caste accepting to offer their sweets to the deity for ‘prasad168 ’. EARTH MEETING THE SKY: COMMON DINING, AT ALWAR, RAJASTHAN

The dream of Mahatma Gandhi and Ambedkar fulfilled - on 21st December 2008, it seemed as if earth met the sky, when after centuries, untouchables dined with the 169 same upper caste people who did not even allow them to enter their houses. PRAGAYA CEREMONY IN FRONT OF THE TEMPLE

Puja and hawan being performed outside the Jagannath Temple in Alwar, Rajasthan on December 21, 2008 by Dr. and Mrs. Bindeshwar Pathak, Mrs. Usha Chaumar and her husband alongwith other erstwhile scavengers (untouchables) of Alwar and Tonk, Rajasthan. 170 Erstwhile women and girls scavengers (untouchables) from Alwar and Tonk, Rajasthan, along with Dr. Bindeshwar Pathak at the Ajmer Sharif Dargah offering prayer at Rajasthan171 on June 24, 2011 Erstwhile women and girls scavengers (untouchables) from Alwar and Tonk, Rajasthan, accompanied by Dr. Bindeshwar Pathak entering the Gurudwara Bangla Sahib at172 New Delhion June 29, 2011. Erstwhile women and girls scavengers (untouchables) from Alwar and Tonk, Rajasthan, accompanied by Dr. Bindeshwar Pathak entering the Church – Sacred Heart Cathedral173 at New Delhi on June 29, 2011. Erstwhile women and girls scavengers (untouchables) taking the sacred bath in the Holy river Ganga at the Dashvmedh-Ghat at Varanasi. 174 KUMBH - Holy Bath

About 100 manual scavengers took a holy bath alongside higher caste priests in the river Ganges during the ongoing holy Kumbh Mela pilgrimage in the northern city of Allahabad.

Taken dinner to the five star hotel in New Delhi A MOMENT OF FAITH AND INCLUSION on the ghats of Kshipra, Ujjain

This path-breaking initiative of taking the dalits, widows from Vrindavan and Varanasi for a dip in the Holy water of the Kshipra River during the “Simhastha Kumbh” at Ujjain, was taken by Dr. Bindeshwar Pathak, Founder of Sulabh Sanitation and Social Reform Movement, as a step towards egalitarian inclusion of the downtrodden in the religion-social mainstream of Hindu world. COMMON DINING: Dr. Pathak and Hindu Priests, dining with the liberated untouchables women scavengers from Alwar, Tonk (Rajasthan) and widows from Vrindavan and Varanasi Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlingam Mandir

Dr. Bindeshwar Pathak, Founder of Sulabh International, offered prayers at the divine Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlingam Mandir alongwith the erstwhile untouchables women scavengers from Alwar and Tonk (Rajasthan) and the widows from Vrindavan and Varanasi. Spiritual Guru Shri Awadheshanand Giri ji Maharaj blessed the liberated untouchables women scavengers from Alwar, Tonk (Rajasthan) and widows from Vrindavan and Varanasi (Uttar Pradesh) at Ujjain on Social Acceptability

The Hon’ble former President of India, Mrs. Pratibha Devisingh Patil, crowned Mrs. Usha Chaumar in the Rashtrapati Bhawan. 180 An unforgettable moment for 300 NAI DISHA trainees, who used to work as manual scavengers (untouchables) as they entered the precincts of Parliament to get an experience of the on Tuesday, 17th August 2010 for the first time. A Group of Women from Sulabh International Social Service Organization from Alwar met the Hon’ble Speaker, Lok Sabha Smt. Meira Kumar in Parliament House on 17 August 2010. Also seen in the photograph is Dr. Bindeshwar Pathak, Founder, Sulabh Sanitation and Social Reform Movement. Photograph with Hon’ble Mrs. Meira Kumar, Speaker Lok Sabha, in front of Parliament House Annexe.

183 Invitation by UN ECOSOC in International Year of Sanitation to the United Nations

H.E. Mr. Vijay Nambiar, Chef de Cabinet of the Executive Office of the Secretary General of the United Nations, crowning Mrs. Usha Chaumar, an erstwhile women scavenger (untouchable) of Alwar, Rajasthan on July 2, 2008 at the event “Sanitation for Sustainable Development” in the United Nations at New York. 184 Mission Sanitation The erstwhile women scavengers (untouchables) walked the ramp with the models who showcased their handiwork at the United Nations in New York on July 2, 2008. With this their social status went up.

185 Mission Sanitation

HRH the Prince of Orange of the Netherlands felicitating erstwhile women scavengers (untouchables), who were liberated and rehabilitated by Sulabh, with bouquets of flowers, lending prestige to the scavengers who cleaned186 human excreta manually till March, 2003. Freedom at Last !

The liberated women scavengers (untouchables) showing the sign of ‘V’ for Victory as a sign of triumph, in front of the Statue of Liberty in New York, USA to show their liberation from the demeaning profession of cleaning dry privies and carrying human excreta (nightsoil) of others, to eke a living for their families. 187 Ms. Dolly, Mrs. Laxmi Nanda, Mrs. Guddi Athwal and Mrs. Usha Chaumar before the Eiffel Tower in Paris, France. Untouchable human scavengers from Alwar and Tonk, Rajasthan offering homage to Mahatma Gandhi at Phoenix Ashram, Durban, South Africa on December 04, 2012 and saying, ‘Oh, Bapu because of you we are free from 5000 years of bondage and shackles of untouchability and social discrimination’. ASSI GHAT - SAT PAUL MITTAL- AWARD THE WINNER

Hon’ble Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi & UNTO THIS LAST USHA BBC WORLD PROGRAMME: ‘BBC IMPACT’ Dr. Bindeshwar Pathak and former untouchable scavenger, Mrs. Usha Chaumar was specially invited and interviewed on the BBC World News channel on 9th April, 2015. The programme known as BBC Impact was compared by the World famous journalist and commentator Ms. Yalda Hakim. She referred to Dr. Pathak as Mr. Sanitation for his efforts in bringing about a change in the sanitation scenario in India. This programme can be seen on https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=GDMhpTWQ5rg BREAKING THE TABOO: UNTOUCHABILITY NO MORE Widows of Vrindavan We have also taken up the cause of widows who are treated almost like untouchables because after the death of their husband they have to wear a white saree, take vegetarian food and not enjoy simple pleasures of life like singing and dancing and are forbidden to participate in auspicious functions like of marriage etc. held in their own family. At the intervention of the Supreme Court of India through National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) Sulabh International Social Service Organisation took up in the matter and provided them all round relief including monthly stipend thereby ameliorating their lives and living conditions. We have made arrangements for them to learn Bangla, Hindi and English. We are also providing them vocational training in tailoring, garland making, incense sticks etc. We have provided them T.V. to see the different programmes, refrigerators, and also provided them ambulances with medical facilities to go to hospital when so required. Most important thing is that after their death cremation is done with proper rites and rituals with full honour and dignity. The situation has changed dramatically and completely. The oldest widow is 108 years of age. Now they want to live and enjoy as they say they have suffered a lot for the past 30-40 years. 193 They want to enjoy life before they die. Recently they were taken to Kolkata by air to participate in the Puja celebrations. We succeeded in wiping out the tears and as one of them said “after Sulabh’s intervention, our desire to die has changed to yearning to live”. Subsequently we have also adopted the widows of Varanasi as we have done at Vrindavan. 150 widows have been identified and are given financial help of Rs. 2000/- per month. Thus I have launched the second campaign against the age-old tradition of maltreatment and of looking down upon ‘Widowhood’. Moved by the natural disaster that struck Uttarakhand in June, 2013 that left many villagers and pilgrims homeless, I and the Sulabh organisation extended a helping hand to women who had been widowed and others by giving financial help of Rs. 2000/- per month to them and some elder members of a family and also Rs. 1000/- to each child, covering 191 devastated residents of six (6) villages of Deoli- Bhanigram Panchayat. I further decided to give Rs. 1000/- per month to 300 more families of these villages. I also launched a vocational training programme for the women and widows by imparting training in candle making, sewing, making Diya-bati and made arrangements for providing basic education to them.

194 A request letter sent by NALSA (relating to Widows of Vrindavan WIDOWS OF VRINDAVAN – PATHETIC CONDITIONS

196 LEARNING IN PROGRESS AGE NO BAR

The widows of Vrindavan being Photograph shown in the taught how to read and write National Geographic Channel. English, Hindi and Bangla WIDOWS OF VRINDAVAN - making garlands of flowers

WIDOWS OF VRINDAVAN - making WIDOWS OF VRINDAVAN - making WIDOWS OF VRINDAVAN with necklaces of Tulsi beads essence sticks sewing machines

197 VISIT TO KOLKATA: Widows Celebrating Proud Moment in Aircraft Durga Puja in Kolkata

198 BREAKING THE TABOO: Widows of Vrindavan Celebrating The Festival Widows of Vrindavan Widows of Vrindavan of Diwali Celebrating the Festival of Celebrating the Festival of Diwali — 2014 Diwali — 2015

Widows of Vrindavan Celebrating the Festival of Diwali — 2013

199 After Holi, Durga Puja and Diwali, Vrindavan WIDOWS CELEBRATE CHRISTMAS CELEBRATIONS ARE BACK IN LIFE HOLI 2015 OF WIDOWS OF VRINDAVAN HOLI 2013

HOLI 2014

HOLI 2016 201 WIDOWS FROM VRINDAVAN AND WIDOWS OF VRINDAVAN VARANASI tying 'Rakhi' to the CELEBRATING 'Rakhi' FESTIVAL Prime Minister, Shri Narendra 2014 to the Prime Minister, Shri Modi, on the occasion of 'Raksha Narendra Modi, on the occasion Bandhan', in New Delhi of 'Raksha Bandhan', in New Delhi

202 WIDOWS OF VARANASI This year widows of ON WAY TO NEW LIFE Varanasi celebrating Holi 2015 with flowers & colours

After Vrindavan, Sulabh Adopts Widows of Varanasi

Widows Celebrated Birthday of Hon’ble Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi by cleaning Assi Ghat in Varanasi

Mr. Pranjal Yadav, District Magistrate, Varanasi, is releasing a brochure and flagging off an Ambulance for 203 the Widows of Varanasi The last rites of a deceased widow being performed with full dignity and religious rituals

204 UTTARAKHAND SULABH REACHOUT TO HELP AFTER DELUGE

205 EMINENT PERSONALITIES Shri Narendra Modi the then Chief Minister of Gujarat and now Hon’ble Prime Minister of India being shown by Dr. Pathak the processed and treated public toilet effluent after being passed through attached excreta based biogas Mr. JRD Tata at the inaugural function of plant linked to Sulabh Sulabh Bombay Sheriff Bakul Patel is at Effluent Treatment (SET) device. extreme right

Late Mr. Rajiv Gandhi, the then Prime Minister of India, alongwith Mrs. Sonia Gandhi, at the Sulabh Stall

Shri Narendra Modi the then Chief Minister of Gujarat and now Hon’ble Prime Minister of India being shown and explained, through a model, the working of two pit pour flush ecological compost Mr. Atal Bihari Vajpayee, toilet invented by Dr. Pathak. Former Prime Minister, inaugurating a Sulabh Public Toilet Complex at Lucknow “A Great Sign of Development – Important for the World!” - Mr. John Fredrik Reinfeldt, Prime Minister of Sweden

His Excellency Prime Minister of Sweden Mr. Fredrik Reinfeldt and his wife Ms. Filippa along with Dr. Bindeshwar Pathak, giving audience to the erstwhile scavengers (untouchables) of Alwar, Rajasthan, who used to clean nightsoil earlier: and now after education and training have become self-employed 207 and lead a life of dignity before. Traditional Welcome of Ambassador of U.S.A to India at Sulabh Campus, Delhi, India

H.E. Mr. Timothy J. Roemer, Ambassador of U.S.A. to India being welcomed by Ms. Dolly, an erstwhile scavenger (untouchable), in the traditional Indian style by vermilion mark put on forehead as a mark of respect and good luck, during his visit to Sulabh Campus, Delhi, India. Ambassador of U.S.A. to India in January 2010 at Sulabh Office in New Delhi

H.E. Mr. Timothy J. Roemer, Ambassador of U.S.A. to India and Ms. Sally Roemer with Dr. and Mrs. Pathak and the erstwhile scavengers (untouchables) who have been liberated and rehabilitated by Sulabh International. 209 His Excellency Mr. Vladimir Maric, Ambassador of Serbia, His Excellency Mr. Andres Barbe Gonzalez, Hon’ble Minister of State for Home Affairs, Government of Ambassador of Chile, His Excellency Mr. Georges de India, Shri Haribhai Parthibhai Chaudhary alongwith Hon’ble La Roche Du Ronzet, Ambassador of Guatemala and Shri Chunibhai Kanjibhai Gohel, Member of Parliament (Rajya His Excellency Dr. Sabit Subasic, Ambassador of Sabha), Hon’ble Dr. Kirit Premjibhai Solanki, Member of Bosnia and Herzegovina interaction with the children Parliament (Lok Sabha), Hon’ble Shri Dilipbhai Pandya, of Sulabh Public School during their visit at Sulabh Member of Parliament (Rajya Sabha) and Hon’ble Shri campus on October 27, 2015 Shankarbhai N. Vegad, Member of Parliament (Rajya Sabha) — A joyous moment with the children of Sulabh Public School

His Excellency Mr Alem Tsehaye Woldemariam, Ambassador of the State of Eritrea, His Excellency Mr Ernest Rwamucyo, High Commissioner of the Republic of Rwanda, His Excellency Mr Andre Sanra, Ambassador of the Republic of Benin, His Excellency Ambassador Dr. Daniel P. Othol, Head of Mission Embassy of the Republic of South Sudan and His Excellency Bothata Tsikoane of Lesotho interaction with the Sulabh School Sanitation Club during their visit at Sulabh campus on January 18, 2016 Hon’ble Shri Phil Scanlan, Chairman and Hon’ble Ms. Pam Kwatra, Executive Board Member from New York Global Leaders Dialogue@Harv ard Club, USA visited at the Sulabh campus Hon’ble Shri Thaawar Chand Gehlot, on October 11, Minister of Social Justice and 2015 Empowerment, Government of India at the Sulabh campus on January 5, 2015

H.E Shri Deep Kumar Upadhyay, Co-Chairperson, B.P. Koirala India- Nepal Foundation/ Ambassador of Nepal in India and Hon’ble Shri Krishna Prasad Dhakal, Minister and Deputy Chief of Mission, Hon’ble Fifteen Councillors visited at Embassy of Nepal Sulabh campus on in Delhi visited at January 31, 2016 Sulabh campus on 211 January 20, 2016 “Miss India 2016” (2nd Runner-up) Ms. Pankhuri Gidwani, visit at Sulabh campus on April 23, 2016. 212 AWARDS & HONOURS

In 1991, Dr. Bindeshwar Pathak was conferred Padma Bhushan by the then President of India, Shri R. Venkataraman, for His holiness Pope John Paul –II gave his ‘distinguished audience to Dr. Bindeshwar Pathak before social service’. being awarded International St. Francis Prize for the Environment (Canticle of all creatures) in 1992

Dr. Bindeshwar Pathak receiving the UNEP Global 500 Roll of Honour The Dubai Municipality and UNCHS Award for 2003 from Hon'ble Mr. (HABITAT) awarded Sulabh ‘Dubai Fares Bouez, Lebanese Minister of Hon'ble Mrs. Anna K. Tibaijuka, International Award for Best Environment. Hon'ble Mr. Kluas Executive Director of UN-HABITAT Practices to Improve the Topfer, Executive Director of UNEP presenting the UN-Habitat Scroll of Living Environment’ out of 1125 is on the right. Honour 2003 Award to Dr. Pathak. entries in the year 2000. TIME Magazine has recognised Dr. Bindeshwar Pathak, Founder, Sulabh Sanitation and Social Reform Movement as ‘HEROES OF THE ENVIRONMENT’.

Dr. Pathak received the 2009 Stockholm Water Prize from the hands of H.R.H. Prince Carl Philip of Sweden. HEROES OF THE ENVIRONMENT 2009

The United Nations’ Inter-Governmental Renewable Energy Organisation (IREO) has awarded the prestigious Renewable Energy Award to Dr. Bindeshwar Pathak, Sulabh International for the year 2009 at New York.

Vice President of the French Senate Ms. Chantal Jourdan decorated Dr. Bindeshwar Pathak "Legend of Planet" Public Health Champion Award honour in an exceptional private has been conferred upon Dr. reception hosted by President of the Pathak by World Health French Senate (French Parliament) Organisation (WHO) on the Mr. Jean Pierre Bel at Palais du ocassion of World Health Day 2016 Luxembourg on June 03, 2013 on April 07, 2016 ROLE OF SULABH INTERNATIONAL I fulfilled the dreams of 1. Can do consultancy for the Government as well as Mahatma Gandhi by undertake all IEC related restoring the activities or and dignity of 2. Can give training to the untouchables and brought motivators and masons who will build the toilets. them into the mainstream or of society on a par with 3. Can monitor and supervise the works to be done by the others. motivators and masons. or “Tell scavengers after they 4. Can implement the are freed; We gave our programme directly by Sulabh International today for their tomorrow.” or 5. It can perform all the – Dr. Bindeshwar Pathak functions. or 6. As desired by the Agency or the Government.

215 Thank You!

Sulabh International Social Service Organisation Sulabh Bhawan, Palam-Dabri Road, New Delhi-110 045, India Tel. No. : 91-11-25031518, 25031519; Fax : 91-11-25034014 Email : [email protected] /[email protected] Website : www.sulabhinternational.org / www.sulabhtoiletmuseum.org

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