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Sample Survey on Violence Against Women in Kazakhstan

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Sample Survey on Violence Against Women in Kazakhstan SAMPLE SURVEY ON VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN IN KAZAKHSTAN Astana, 2017 Foreword Violence against women (VAW) is a global problem that does not recognize any cultural, geographic, religious, social or economic borders. Physical, emotional, sexual and economic violence against women is common everywhere. Physical violence means physically aggressive acts, including strokes, slaps, kicks, beating, burns and use of weapon. Emotional violence includes regular humiliation and insulted dignity, tight isolation or belittling treatment. Coercion to sex or sexual violence means sexual harassment, sexual touches against partner's will, forced sex and forced pregnancy. Commonly known that violence against women in a variety of forms and manifestations is a violation of human rights and fundamental freedoms. Violence against women impacts women across the world, regardless of age, class, race, and ethnicity. According to recent estimates, 30 percent of women aged 15 years or older globally have experienced physical and/or sexual intimate partner violence during their lifetime. It is the leading cause of homicide death in women globally and has many other major health consequences. The economic and social costs associated with violence against women are significant, and global evidence shows that violence consistently undermines development efforts at various levels, driving the depreciation of physical, human, and social capital. Along with many other UN member-states, Kazakhstan joined almost all key international obligations in the field of gender equality, including Sustainable Development Goals until 2030 where one of the key objectives of Goal 5 is to eliminate violence against women. Violence prevention and control in Kazakhstan's society is one of the crucial priorities in the national policy and refers to commitments undertaken by Kazakhstan and currently implemented on the national level. At present, under auspices of the National Committee on Women and Family and Demographic Policy under the President of Kazakhstan, the Prosecutor General Office is actively involved into Kazakhstan Free of Violence Project that has joined forces of all governmental stakeholders, non- governmental and international organizations. This effort resulted in the development of a package of measures to prevent violence; strengthened inter-agency collaboration and monitoring of efficient implementation of measures; and ultimately proposals to develop new legislation on domestic violence prevention. 1 Acknowledgements The report on sample survey Violence Against Women in Kazakhstan was prepared by the Statistical Committee of the Ministry of National Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in collaboration with members of the Working Group consisting of representatives of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Ministry of Interior of the Republic of Kazakhstan, The Equality Institute (Australia) with the involvement of and supported by three UN Agencies – UN Women, UNFPA and World Health Organization. The team of authors extends special gratitude to Dr Henrica A.F.M. (Henriette) Jansen who developed a standard violence against women module for UNECE countries that was used in this survey. Her support enabled training of field workers and supervisors, finalization of survey design, as well as scope and methods of sample design. Also, we are grateful to colleagues from the Institute of Statistics (Italy) for fruitful collaboration in sharing experience and knowledge in the field of violence against women studies. The authors thank all partners for support to production of this report. 2 Table of Contents Foreword .................................................................................................................................... 1 Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................................... 2 Acronyms .................................................................................................................................... 9 Tables, boxes and figures .......................................................................................................... 10 Executive summary ................................................................................................................... 13 Methodology of the Study .................................................................................................................... 13 Violence against women by intimate partners ..................................................................................... 14 Physical and sexual violence against women ................................................................................... 14 Emotional and economic abuse by intimate partners and controlling behaviors ............................ 17 Violence against women by someone other than an intimate partner ................................................ 18 Violence by intimate partners and women’s health ............................................................................. 18 Injury resulting from physical violence .............................................................................................. 18 Women’s support seeking after experiences of intimate partner violence ......................................... 19 Recommendations ................................................................................................................................ 19 Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 21 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 21 Background of the Study ........................................................................................................... 21 Key terminology and definitions ............................................................................................... 22 How violence was measured in this Study ................................................................................ 23 Literature review: National context and existing knowledge on violence against women in Kazakhstan ................................................................................................................................ 25 The socio-cultural context .................................................................................................................... 25 What is known about violence against women in Kazakhstan from other studies .............................. 26 Legislative frameworks for domestic violence in Kazakhstan ………………………………………………………….27 Institutional framework for preventing violence against women…………………………………………………….29 Chapter 2 METHODOLOGY AND QUALITATIVE COMPONENT ………………………………………………….32 Quantitative survey ................................................................................................................... 32 Study population ................................................................................................................................... 32 Sample design ....................................................................................................................................... 32 First stage of sampling: Settlements ................................................................................................. 33 Second stage of sampling: Households in the Housing Register ....................................................... 33 Third stage of sampling: Random selection of one respondent per household ................................ 34 Weighing of survey sample ............................................................................................................... 34 Questionnaire development and translation ...................................................................................... 34 Interviewer selection and training ........................................................................................................ 35 Organisation of the survey and fieldwork procedures ......................................................................... 36 Mechanisms for quality control ............................................................................................................ 37 Data analysis and interpretation .......................................................................................................... 37 Ethical and safety considerations ......................................................................................................... 37 3 Strengths and limitations of the Study ...................................................................................... 38 Qualitative component ............................................................................................................. 38 Methodology ......................................................................................................................................... 38 Focus group composition .................................................................................................................. 38 Outcomes of the qualitative research .................................................................................................. 39 Gender roles .....................................................................................................................................
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