Digital Mapping of Peatlands
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Digital Mapping & Spatial Analysis
Digital Mapping & Spatial Analysis Zach Silvia Graduate Community of Learning Rachel Starry April 17, 2018 Andrew Tharler Workshop Agenda 1. Visualizing Spatial Data (Andrew) 2. Storytelling with Maps (Rachel) 3. Archaeological Application of GIS (Zach) CARTO ● Map, Interact, Analyze ● Example 1: Bryn Mawr dining options ● Example 2: Carpenter Carrel Project ● Example 3: Terracotta Altars from Morgantina Leaflet: A JavaScript Library http://leafletjs.com Storytelling with maps #1: OdysseyJS (CartoDB) Platform Germany’s way through the World Cup 2014 Tutorial Storytelling with maps #2: Story Maps (ArcGIS) Platform Indiana Limestone (example 1) Ancient Wonders (example 2) Mapping Spatial Data with ArcGIS - Mapping in GIS Basics - Archaeological Applications - Topographic Applications Mapping Spatial Data with ArcGIS What is GIS - Geographic Information System? A geographic information system (GIS) is a framework for gathering, managing, and analyzing data. Rooted in the science of geography, GIS integrates many types of data. It analyzes spatial location and organizes layers of information into visualizations using maps and 3D scenes. With this unique capability, GIS reveals deeper insights into spatial data, such as patterns, relationships, and situations - helping users make smarter decisions. - ESRI GIS dictionary. - ArcGIS by ESRI - industry standard, expensive, intuitive functionality, PC - Q-GIS - open source, industry standard, less than intuitive, Mac and PC - GRASS - developed by the US military, open source - AutoDESK - counterpart to AutoCAD for topography Types of Spatial Data in ArcGIS: Basics Every feature on the planet has its own unique latitude and longitude coordinates: Houses, trees, streets, archaeological finds, you! How do we collect this information? - Remote Sensing: Aerial photography, satellite imaging, LIDAR - On-site Observation: total station data, ground penetrating radar, GPS Types of Spatial Data in ArcGIS: Basics Raster vs. -
An Introduction to the Bofedales of the Peruvian High Andes
An introduction to the bofedales of the Peruvian High Andes M.S. Maldonado Fonkén International Mire Conservation Group, Lima, Peru _______________________________________________________________________________________ SUMMARY In Peru, the term “bofedales” is used to describe areas of wetland vegetation that may have underlying peat layers. These areas are a key resource for traditional land management at high altitude. Because they retain water in the upper basins of the cordillera, they are important sources of water and forage for domesticated livestock as well as biodiversity hotspots. This article is based on more than six years’ work on bofedales in several regions of Peru. The concept of bofedal is introduced, the typical plant communities are identified and the associated wild mammals, birds and amphibians are described. Also, the most recent studies of peat and carbon storage in bofedales are reviewed. Traditional land use since prehispanic times has involved the management of water and livestock, both of which are essential for maintenance of these ecosystems. The status of bofedales in Peruvian legislation and their representation in natural protected areas and Ramsar sites is outlined. Finally, the main threats to their conservation (overgrazing, peat extraction, mining and development of infrastructure) are identified. KEY WORDS: cushion bog, high-altitude peat; land management; Peru; tropical peatland; wetland _______________________________________________________________________________________ INTRODUCTION organic soil or peat and a year-round green appearance which contrasts with the yellow of the The Tropical Andes Cordillera has a complex drier land that surrounds them. This contrast is geography and varied climatic conditions, which especially striking in the xerophytic puna. Bofedales support an enormous heterogeneity of ecosystems are also called “oconales” in several parts of the and high biodiversity (Sagástegui et al. -
Wetlands, Biodiversity and the Ramsar Convention
Wetlands, Biodiversity and the Ramsar Convention Wetlands, Biodiversity and the Ramsar Convention: the role of the Convention on Wetlands in the Conservation and Wise Use of Biodiversity edited by A. J. Hails Ramsar Convention Bureau Ministry of Environment and Forest, India 1996 [1997] Published by the Ramsar Convention Bureau, Gland, Switzerland, with the support of: • the General Directorate of Natural Resources and Environment, Ministry of the Walloon Region, Belgium • the Royal Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Denmark • the National Forest and Nature Agency, Ministry of the Environment and Energy, Denmark • the Ministry of Environment and Forests, India • the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Sweden Copyright © Ramsar Convention Bureau, 1997. Reproduction of this publication for educational and other non-commercial purposes is authorised without prior perinission from the copyright holder, providing that full acknowledgement is given. Reproduction for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without the prior written permission of the copyright holder. The views of the authors expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect those of the Ramsar Convention Bureau or of the Ministry of the Environment of India. Note: the designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Ranasar Convention Bureau concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Citation: Halls, A.J. (ed.), 1997. Wetlands, Biodiversity and the Ramsar Convention: The Role of the Convention on Wetlands in the Conservation and Wise Use of Biodiversity. -
Assessment on Peatlands, Biodiversity and Climate Change: Main Report
Assessment on Peatlands, Biodiversity and Climate change Main Report Published By Global Environment Centre, Kuala Lumpur & Wetlands International, Wageningen First Published in Electronic Format in December 2007 This version first published in May 2008 Copyright © 2008 Global Environment Centre & Wetlands International Reproduction of material from the publication for educational and non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior permission from Global Environment Centre or Wetlands International, provided acknowledgement is provided. Reference Parish, F., Sirin, A., Charman, D., Joosten, H., Minayeva , T., Silvius, M. and Stringer, L. (Eds.) 2008. Assessment on Peatlands, Biodiversity and Climate Change: Main Report . Global Environment Centre, Kuala Lumpur and Wetlands International, Wageningen. Reviewer of Executive Summary Dicky Clymo Available from Global Environment Centre 2nd Floor Wisma Hing, 78 Jalan SS2/72, 47300 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia. Tel: +603 7957 2007, Fax: +603 7957 7003. Web: www.gecnet.info ; www.peat-portal.net Email: [email protected] Wetlands International PO Box 471 AL, Wageningen 6700 The Netherlands Tel: +31 317 478861 Fax: +31 317 478850 Web: www.wetlands.org ; www.peatlands.ru ISBN 978-983-43751-0-2 Supported By United Nations Environment Programme/Global Environment Facility (UNEP/GEF) with assistance from the Asia Pacific Network for Global Change Research (APN) Design by Regina Cheah and Andrey Sirin Printed on Cyclus 100% Recycled Paper. Printing on recycled paper helps save our natural -
Direct-To-Digital Mapping Methodology: a Hands-On Guidebook for Applying Google Earth
Steven DeRoy / The Firelight Group / January 2016 Direct-To-Digital Mapping Methodology: A Hands-on Guidebook for Applying Google Earth Copyright © Steven DeRoy and the Firelight Group (www.thefirelightgroup.com) 1 | Page Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 4 PURPOSE OF THIS GUIDE 4 PREPARE TO MAP 5 DOWNLOAD AND INSTALL GOOGLE EARTH 5 SET UP YOUR FILE FOLDERS ON YOUR COMPUTER 5 INTERVIEW ROOM SETTING 5 START THE INTERVIEW 5 INTERVIEW CHECK LIST 6 INTERVIEW KIT 6 SET UP GOOGLE EARTH 6 CHECK YOUR EQUIPMENT 6 INFORM THE PARTICIPANT AND MAKE THEM COMFORTABLE 6 BEFORE STARTING THE INTERVIEW 7 REMINDERS DURING THE INTERVIEW 7 INTERVIEW OVERVIEW 8 INTRODUCTIONS 8 MAPPING 8 INTERVIEW 8 STORAGE OF RESULTS 8 MAPPING NOTES 9 OVERVIEW OF GOOGLE EARTH 10 WHAT IS GOOGLE EARTH? 10 WHY USE GOOGLE EARTH? 10 HOW ARE GOOGLE EARTH AND MAPS DIFFERENT? 10 INTRODUCTION TO THE GOOGLE EARTH INTERFACE 11 NAVIGATING IN GOOGLE EARTH 11 SET UP YOUR ENVIRONMENT 12 THE “PLACES” PANEL 13 SET UP FOLDERS TO STORE YOUR DATA 13 ORGANIZE YOUR FOLDERS 14 UNDERSTANDING SCALE 14 Copyright © Steven DeRoy and the Firelight Group (www.thefirelightgroup.com) 2 | Page HOW TO MAP IN GOOGLE EARTH 16 WHAT TO RECORD FOR EACH SITE 16 ADDING POINTS (PLACEMARKS) 16 ADDING LINES (PATHS) 18 ADDING AREAS (POLYGONS) 19 EDITING MAPPED DATA 20 INTERVIEWS CONDUCTED WITH NO MAPPING DATA 20 OVERLAYING DATA FROM PAST STUDIES 21 CLOSING OFF THE INTERVIEW 22 SAVING KMZ FILES 22 COPY AND SAVE ALL DIGITAL AUDIO AND VIDEO FILES TO YOUR LAPTOP/COMPUTER 23 BACKUP YOUR FILES 23 USEFUL RESOURCES 24 Copyright © Steven DeRoy and the Firelight Group (www.thefirelightgroup.com) 3 | Page Acknowledgements Steven DeRoy, Director of the Firelight Group, produced this comprehensive guidebook. -
Digital Mapping Techniques ‘02— Workshop Proceedings
cov02 5/20/03 3:19 PM Page 1 So Digital Mapping Techniques ‘02— Workshop Proceedings May 19-22, 2002 Salt Lake City, Utah Convened by the Association of American State Geologists and the United States Geological Survey Hosted by the Utah Geological Survey U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OPEN-FILE REPORT 02-370 Printed on recycled paper CONTENTS I U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Digital Mapping Techniques ʻ02— Workshop Proceedings Edited by David R. Soller May 19-22, 2002 Salt Lake City, Utah Convened by the Association of American State Geologists and the United States Geological Survey Hosted by the Utah Geological Survey U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OPEN-FILE REPORT 02-370 2002 II CONTENTS CONTENTS III This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with the U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government or State governments II CONTENTS CONTENTS III CONTENTS Introduction By David R. Soller (U.S. Geological Survey). 1 Oral Presentations The Value of Geologic Maps and the Need for Digitally Vectorized Data By James C. Cobb (Kentucky Geological Survey) . 3 Compilation of a 1:24,000-Scale Geologic Map Database, Phoenix Metropoli- tan Area By Stephen M. Richard and Tim R. Orr (Arizona Geological Survey). 7 Distributed Spatial Databases—The MIDCARB Carbon Sequestration Project By Gerald A. Weisenfluh (Kentucky Geological Survey), Nathan K. Eaton (Indiana Geological Survey), and Ken Nelson (Kansas Geological Survey) . -
Legal Protection Assessment of Different Inland Wetlands in Chile Patricia Möller1,2* and Andrés Muñoz-Pedreros3
Möller and Muñoz-Pedreros Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 2014, 87:23 http://www.revchilhistnat.com/content/87/1/23 RESEARCH Open Access Legal protection assessment of different inland wetlands in Chile Patricia Möller1,2* and Andrés Muñoz-Pedreros3 Abstract Background: Inland wetlands are well represented ecosystems in Chile that are subjected to various pressures affecting conservation. Protection means legal and administrative initiatives which promote the protection and/or preservation of a wetland, either in its entirety, considering their areas of influence or its components. Results: The aim of this work is to develop a methodology for estimating the value of protection of different types of inland wetlands in Chile. For this purpose: a) the Chilean regulations in relation to the issues of biodiversity, wetlands and water resources were compiled; (b) such legislation and its application were analyzed, (c) protection and restriction values of each legal standard was estimated, and then total protection value of standards applied to six types of wetlands in study. 47 legal rules related to protection of inland wetlands and eight directly or indirectly affecting conservation and wise use of wetlands were identified. Conclusions: In Chile there is no specific statutory rules or regulations on wetlands. Current legal standards do not protect equally the different types of inland wetlands, being swamp forests, peatlands and brackish Andean lakes less protected. To improve wetlands conservation, incentives promoting wetlands destruction must be eliminated and promulgate specific regulations for proper management and conservation. Keywords: Inland wetlands; Legal standards; Real protection; Wetland protection Background Wetlands support high biodiversity and are presently Chile is highly diverse in limnic systems mostly recog- recognized as the most threatened systems by human nized as wetlands and defined as ‘areas of marsh, fen, activities (Marín et al. -
Digital Geologic Mapping Methods
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY Issue 3, Volume 2, 2008 Digital geologic mapping methods: from field to 3D model M. De Donatis, S. Susini and G. Delmonaco Abstract—Classical geologic mapping is one of the main techniques software 2DMove and 3DMove by Midland Valley Exploration Ltd. used in geology where pencils, paper base map and field book are the This paper reports a case study of digital mapping carried out in traditional tools of field geologists. In this paper, we describe a new the Southern Apennines. This work is part of an ENEA project, method of digital mapping from field work to buiding three funded by the Italian Ministry of University and Research, devoted to dimensional geologic maps, including GIS maps and geologic cross- heritage sites prone to landslide risk where local-scale geologic and sections. The project consisted of detailed geologic mapping of the geomorphic mapping is fundamental in the preliminary stage of the are of Craco village (Matera - Italy). The work started in the lab by project. implementing themes for defining a cartographic base (aerial photos, topographic and geologic maps) and for field work (developing II. Study area symbols for outcrops, dip data, boundaries, faults, and landslide The study area (Fig. 1) is located in the Southern Apennines, types). Special prompts were created ad hoc for data collection. All around Craco, a small village in the Matera Province along a ridge data were located or mapped through GPS. It was possible to easily between the Bruscata and Salandrella stream. store any types of documents (digital pictures, notes, and sketches), linked to an object or a geo-referenced point. -
The Effects of Check Dams and Other Erosion Control Structures on the Restoration of Andean Bofedal Ecosystems Brett D
RESEARCH ARTICLE The effects of check dams and other erosion control structures on the restoration of Andean bofedal ecosystems Brett D. Hartman1,2, Bodo Bookhagen1,3, Oliver A. Chadwick4 Restoring degraded lands in rural environments that are heavily managed to meet subsistence needs is a challenge due to high rates of disturbance and resource extraction. This study investigates the effcacy of erosion control structures (ECSs) as restoration tools in the context of a watershed rehabilitation and wet meadow (bofedal) restoration program in the Bolivian Andes. In an effort to enhance water security and increase grazing stability, Aymara indigenous communities built over 15,000 check dams, 9,100 terraces, 5,300 infltration ditches, and 35 pasture improvement trials. Communities built ECSs at different rates, and we compared vegetation change in the highest restoration management intensity, lowest restoration management intensity, and nonproject control communities. We used line transects to measure changes in vegetation cover and standing water in gullies with check dams and without check dams, and related these ground measurements to a time series (1986–2009) of normalized difference vegetation index derived from Landsat TM5 images. Evidence suggests that check dams increase bofedal vegetation and standing water at a local scale, and lead to increased greenness at a basin scale when combined with other ECSs. Watershed rehabilitation enhances ecosystem services signifcant to local communities (grazing stability, water security), which creates important synergies when conducting land restoration in rural development settings. Key words: Aymara, human-environment system, indigenous people, land restoration, NDVI, wet meadow often complicated by high levels of disturbance from agricul- Implications for Practice ture, grazing, fre, and biomass harvest (Brown & Lugo 1994; • Check dams increase bofedal vegetation and standing Lamb et al. -
Vegetation of Andean Wetlands (Bofedales) in Huascarán National Park, Peru
Vegetation of Andean wetlands (bofedales) in Huascarán National Park, Peru M.H. Polk1, K.R. Young1, A. Cano2 and B. León1,2 1Department of Geography & the Environment, The University of Texas at Austin, USA 2Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú _______________________________________________________________________________________ SUMMARY Hybrid terrestrial-aquatic ecosystems in the Andes, commonly known as bofedales, consist of both peatlands and wet meadows and line valley floors at elevations > 3800 m. Compared with similar ecosystems at lower altitudes and higher latitudes, the ecosystem processes and spatial patterns of bofedales are only just beginning to be understood. The research presented here provides the first exploratory and descriptive analysis of the biodiversity and place-to-place variation of vegetation in bofedales in three valleys inside Peru’s Huascarán National Park. Through vegetation surveys, we recorded 112 plant species in 29 families. Over a short geographical distance, a valley-to-valley comparison showed high dissimilarity in terms of species composition. Based on dominant life form and species composition, vegetation in bofedales can be grouped into five assemblages. Our preliminary analysis suggests that several abiotic factors could influence the floristic composition of bofedales: elevation, bulk density, percent organic matter, and cation exchange capacity. The findings of high valley-to-valley variation in species, soil and elevation influences may be useful to land managers of high mountain landscapes that are undergoing transformation related to glacier recession. While our findings advance research on tropical Andean bofedales, they also highlight the need for additional comprehensive investigations to fill gaps in knowledge about the tropical mountains of Latin America. -
Digital Earth Based on Metadata Electronic Maps Standard
DIGITAL EARTH BASED ON METADATA ELECTRONIC MAPS STANDARD Alexander Martynenko 2 build., 44, Vavilova st., Moscow, 117333, Russia, Institute of Informatics Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, [email protected] Digital Earth was at the center of attention at 19th International Cartographic Conference (Ottawa) and 1st International Symposium on Digital Earth (Beijing) in 1999 [1, 2]. The discussion raised in the papers on the theory of Metadata Standard Systems that could be used in International and National Spatial Information Infrastructures to establish Digital Earth still continues. We highly appreciate the essential contribution made by Chinese scientists: Zhao Yongping, Huang Fang, Guo Jingjun, Feng Quan, Cui Weihong. Since 1990s the Information Society is being created in Russia. Each member of this Society will be able to obtain complete and actual information, including geoinformation, in any point of geographical space, by means of Internet. Today it is obvious that this problem could be solved in most effective way by using electronic libraries of various intent, including electronic map libraries. Completeness, methods and form of geoinformation, temporal factors of the information supply can be considered as the main criteria for evaluating quality of the electronic geoinformation resources. In the process of creating the electronic geoinformation resources, standardization in the area of geoinformation technologies plays the main role. Today, at the boundary of millennia, the Global Geoinformatic Mapping (GGM) appears as the prior direction of scientific and technical progress. Its goal is the cartographic representation of the real world and creation of the global computer model of the Earth, comprised of millions of space images and electronic maps of various subjects and scales, themes and also reference information [3, 4]. -
Bird Ecology and Conservation in Peru's High Andean Petlands Richard Edward Gibbons Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2012 Bird ecology and conservation in Peru's high Andean petlands Richard Edward Gibbons Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Recommended Citation Gibbons, Richard Edward, "Bird ecology and conservation in Peru's high Andean petlands" (2012). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 2338. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/2338 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. BIRD ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION IN PERU’S HIGH ANDEAN PEATLANDS A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Biological Sciences by Richard Edward Gibbons B.A., Centenary College of Louisiana, 1995 M.S., Texas A&M University at Corpus Christi, 2004 May 2012 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This dissertation would not have been possible without the sacrifice and support of my wife Kimberly Vetter and her family. She will forever have my gratitude and respect for sharing this journey with me. My advisor Dr. J. V. Remsen, Jr. is acknowledged for his incredible knack for identifying the strengths and weaknesses in proposals and manuscripts. His willingness to let me flail about in my search for answers surely has helped make me a better researcher.