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Survei Daya Saing Jawa Tengah Tahun 2013 Sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Kinerja Investasi

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Survei Daya Saing Jawa Tengah Tahun 2013 Sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Kinerja Investasi MEDIA EKONOMI DAN MANAJEMEN Vol. 32 No. 2 Juli 2017 SURVEI DAYA SAING JAWA TENGAH TAHUN 2013 SEBAGAI UPAYA PENINGKATAN KINERJA INVESTASI Adi Ekopriyono Kapusdi Tata Kelola Perusahaan dan Pengembangan Bisnis Lembaga Penelitian UNTAG Semarang/Koordinator Organizing Committee Survei Daya Saing Daerah Jawa Tengah Email : [email protected] Abstrak Survei Daya Saing, pada dasarnya memotret kabupaten/kota se-Jawa Tengah, dengan enam sub-indeks, yaitu: kinerja ekonomi, persepsi iklim bisnis, dinamika usaha, kapasitas infrastruktur, kinerja pemerintah, dan kinerja investasi. Tujuannya adalah memetakan permasalahan dunia usaha dan investasi di Jateng, sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai masukan bagi pemerintah daerah dan para pengusaha untuk meningkatkan kinerja investasi, yang akan mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi, pengurangan pengangguran dan kemiskinan, dan peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Responden keseluruhannya berjumlah 2100 orang, terdiri dari 54 pengusaha di 35 kabupaten kota di Jateng (usaha mikro, kecil, menengah, dan besar, dari bidang usaha manufaktur, pelayanan, dan perdagangan), serta 6 orang dari unsur pemerintah kabupaten/kota. Indi kator penilaian didasarkan atas 6 sub-indeks. Data diolah dengan software khusus untuk menghitung indeks dan sub indeks dengan skala satu sampai sepuluh. Infrastruktur, Kinerja Investasi, Iklim Bisnis, Kinerja Ekonomi mengalami peningkatan, sedangkan dinamika usaha, kinerja pemerintah mengalami penurunan dibandingkan dengan survei daya saing pada tahun 2010. Peringkat lima besar tiap-tiap survei yang telah dilakukan Survey Daya saing Daerah 2013: Kabupaten Pekalongan, Kota Magelang, Kabupaten Banyumas, Kabupaten Sragen, dan Kabupaten Wonosobo. Kata Kunci: Survei daya saing, Investasi Abstract The Competitiveness Survey, basically photographing the districts / cities of Central Java, with six sub-indices, namely: economic performance, business climate perception, business dynamics, infrastructure capacity, government performance, and investment performance. The objective is to map the problems of business and investment in Central Java, so that it can be used as input for local governments and entrepreneurs to improve investment performance, which will encourage economic growth, reduction of unemployment and poverty, and the improvement of people's welfare. Total respondents amount as 2100 persons, consisted of 54 entrepreneurs in 35 districts or cities in Central Java (micro, small, medium and large enterprises, from manufacturing, service and trade), and 6 respondents from district / city government elements. Infrastructure, Investment Performance, Business Climate, Economic Performance has increased, while business dynamics, government performance has decreased compared to the competitiveness survey in 2010. The top five ranking of each survey has been conducted SDSD 2013: Pekalongan District, Magelang City, Regency Banyumas, Sragen regency, and Wonosobo regency. Keywords : competitiveness survey, investation p-ISSN: 0854-1442 (Print) e-ISSN: 2503-446X (Online) 195 MEDIA EKONOMI DAN MANAJEMEN Vol. 32 No. 2 Juli 2017 PENDAHULUAN pengangguran, pertumbuhan total Serangkaian survei daya saing penyaluran kredit, dan tingkat kredit daerah Jawa Tengah merupakan macet. perwujudan nyata dialog pemerintah dan Persepsi iklim usaha diambil swasta (public private dialogue), kemitraan sepenuhnya dari data primer, yaitu hasil antara pemerintah dan swasta (public wawancara langsung dengan para private partnership) dalam upaya pengusaha, mencakup penilaian dunia meningkatkan daya saing kabupaten/kota usaha terhadap kondisi iklim usaha dan di Jawa Tengah. investasi suatu daerah dan prospeknya di Survei pertama kali dilakukan pada masa depan. Indikator-indikator: hambatan tahun 2007 berupa Survei Iklim Usaha utama usaha, kondisi usaha dibandingkan (Business Climate Survey) yang diinisiasi dengan dua tahun sebelumnya, perkiraan oleh lembaga kerja sama teknik kondisi usaha dua tahun ke depan, Pemerintah Indonesia dan Jerman, GTZ- persentase keanggotaan dalam organisasi Red, bekerja sama dengan Harian Suara usaha, konsistensi perilaku pejabat Merdeka, didukung oleh Kadin Jawa pemerintah, jumlah regulasi bermasalah, Tengah. Survei tersebut kemudian kebutuhan —biaya tidak resmi“ (pungutan digabung dengan kegiatan Pro-Investasi liar ± pungli), penilaian lingkungan usaha. yang diadakan oleh Badan Penanaman Dinamika usaha disusun sepenuh- Modal Daerah (sekarang: Dinas nya dari hasil wawancara langsung dengan 3enanaman Modal dan 3elayanan Terpadu pengusaha. Sub-indeks ini menunjukkan Satu 3intu - '303TS3) -awa Tengah, kondisi kapasitas perusahaan, seperti menjadi Survei Daya Saing Daerah omzet, kebutuhan kredit, potensi (SDSD) -awa Tengah yang diseleng- perusahaan untuk berinovasi. Indikator- garakan tahun 2010. .Hrja sama terus indikator: persentase usaha yang berusia di berlanjut, melibatkan beberapa lembaga bawah 10 tahun, persentase usaha dengan pemerintah dan swasta di Jawa Tengah, turn-over lebih Rp 500 juta, kebutuhan yaitu '303TSP, Bappeda, Bank pendanaan, tingkat pengajuan pinjaman Indonesia Kanwil V Jawa Tengah, Budi persentase perusahaan yang inovatif. Santoso Foundation (BSF) dan Suara Infrastruktur berbasis pada data Merdeka, serta GTZ-Red. Untuk statistik dan sebagian kecil persepsi memantau responsivitas kabupaten/kota, pengusaha; menilai kualitas, akses pada tahun 2011 diselenggarakan Survei terhadap infrastruktur dasar (misalnya Snapshot (SS), dilanjutkan Survei Investasi jalan kabupaten/kota) dan lembaga (SI) tahun 2012 yang menitiberatkan pada pendukung bisnis (misalnya lembaga indeks kinerja investasi kabupaten/kota, pelatihan, perbankan, dan pasar). Survei Daya Saing Daerah 2013 Indikator-indikator: jalan daerah (Ekopriyono, 2013) beraspal/total jalan daerah, penilaian Survei Daya Saing, pada dasarnya terhadap pemeliharaan dan pengembangan, memotret kabupaten/kota se-Jawa Tengah, jumlah pasar per seribu penduduk, jumlah dengan enam sub-indeks, yaitu: kinerja lembaga pelatihan kejuruan dan penilaian ekonomi, persepsi iklim bisnis, dinamika kualitasnya, jumlah lembaga keuangan per usaha, kapasitas infrastruktur, kinerja seribu penduduk. pemerintah, dan kinerja investasi Kinerja pemerintah terdiri dari (Annynous, 2012; BI, 2010) kapasitas pemerintah dan upaya Kinerja ekonomi mengukur kinerja pemerintah. Kapasitas pemerintah berbasis sistem ekonomi makro, dengan indikator- pada sumber data statistik yang fokus pada indikator, yaitu pertumbuhan Produk kemampuan kapasitas fiskal daerah dalam Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB), PDRB mendorong pembangunan. Indikator- per kapita, pertumbuhan per kapita, tingkat indikator: anggaran per kapita, pendapatan 196 p-ISSN: 0854-1442 (Print) e-ISSN: 2503-446X (Online) MEDIA EKONOMI DAN MANAJEMEN Vol. 32 No. 2 Juli 2017 asli daerah (PAD) terhadap total Tujuan dan hasil yang diharapkan pendapatan (dalam persen), peningkatan survei daya saing daerah adalah (BI, 2010; PAD (dalam persen), belanja Ekopriyono, 2013) : pembangunan per kapita, kenaikan belanja 1. Menyediakan data monitoring tentang pembangunan per kapita. Upaya perkembangan daerah terkait iklim pemerintah mencakup penilaian tentang investasi dan bisnis daerah tingkat dua usaha pemerintah dalam melaksanakan di Jawa Tengah, promosi investasi, kualitas layanan 2. Menyediakan data kinerja pemerintah perizinan, jumlah regulasi pro-investasi maupun swasta dalam upaya berdasarkan persepsi pemerintah daerah meningkatkan daya saing daerah sendiri dan persepsi pengusaha. Indikator- tingkat dua di Jawa Tengah, indikator: studi terbaru peluang investasi, 3. Sebagai instrumen monitoring: materi promosi investasi, frekuen- Menyediakan data monitoring si/kualitas ekspor yang difasilitasi perkembangan daerah terkait dengan pemerintah, penilaian terhadap kualitas perubahan iklim investasi dan iklim ekspo pemerintah, kualitas kinerja bisnis. Mengukur kualitas tata kelola pelayanan terpadu satu pintu (PTSP)), ekonomi daerah antar-kabupaten/kota persentase perusahaan yang memiliki tanda maupun wilayah. daftar perusahaan (TDP), rata-rata jumlah 4. Sebagai instrumen pembangunan: hari yang diperlukan mengurus TPD dan Menciptakan peringkat daya saing, surat izin usaha perusahaan (SIUP), yang dapat memotivasi persaingan kualitas pendukung investasi, anggaran secara sehat antar-kabupaten/kota promosi investasi, jumlah regulasi baru maupun eks karesidenan. terkait pajak, perizinan, insentif, tenaga Menstimulasi peningkatan upaya kerja dan lingkungan yang mempermudah perbaikan kinerja pemerintah investasi. kabupaten/kota dan pengusaha melalui Kinerja investasi dianalisis sistem kompetisi yang sehat. berdasarkan perspektif atau opini dunia 5. Sebagai masukan untuk menyusun usaha dan juga opini pemerintah. kebijakan: Hasil survei dapat Indikator-indikator: realisasi investasi per digunakan oleh dunia usaha untuk anggaran promosi, realisasi investasi per melaksanakan advokasi kepada kapita, persentase perusahaan yang pemerintah dalam menyusun berinvestasi, rata-rata nilai investasi, rata- kebijakan yang tepat. Hasil survei rata rekruitmen tenaga kerja, persentase dapat digunakan oleh pemerintah perusahaan yang berinvestasi 12 bulan ke untuk membuat perubahan kebijakan depan, nilai investasi per perusahaan, rata- secara tepat. rata rekruitmen tenaga kerja per perusahaan, penilaian terhadap daya tarik Hasil yang diharapkan dari survei investasi daerah. daya saing adalah: Survei Daya Saing diharapkan 1. Analisis dan penyebaran informasi mendorong pemerintah daerah (provinsi, detil serta relevan mengenai daya kabupaten/kota) dan
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