3D Printing model specimens

Dan Reboussin, African Studies curator George A. Smathers Libraries The bones come from “We have every age at least 15 individuals, group represented” says John Hawks, a among the fossils, he paleoanthropologist says. “We have from the University of newborns; we have Wisconsin, Madison children of almost who was on the team every age; we have that studied the adults and old adults.” bones. (NPR Shots blog, Sept. 10, 2015). Rising Star system

Narrow access via 7½ inch crack requires Superman crawl. Six experienced anthropologists of small stature

“Superman crawl.” Cave interior 3D laser mapped with LiDAR

ZEB1 hand-held laser scanner Specimens documented, scanned in situ

Artec 3D scanner Research team packing fossils on site

H. Naledi fossil femurs Lab-scanned specimen models integral to research

Next Engine 3D Scanner

“The way to share data effectively across a large team is to establish an archive where the data are interoperable, in a standard format with metadata included. Once that culture of data access is in place, it becomes very easy to bring new people into the collaboration.” -- Co-author John Hawks in 2015 blog post. Model specimens available to public as open access Preparing digital models for 3D printing at MSL 3D printing in progress 3D printing results from MSL References and credits Artec 3D. 2016. “Artec 3D scanners used to document Homo naledi species discovery in ’s .” Press release available: https://www.artec3d.com/news/homo-naledi-press-release

Berger, Lee R. et al. 2015. “Homo naledi, a new species of the genus Homo from the Dinaledi Chamber, South Africa.” eLife 2015;4:e09560. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.09560

Dirks, Paul HGM et al. 2015. “Geological and taphonomic context for the new hominin species Homo naledi from the Dinaledi Chamber, South Africa.” eLife 2015;4:e09561. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.09561

Greenfield Boyce, Nell. 2015. “South African Cave Yields Strange Bones Of Early Human-Like Species.” Shots (NPR). Blog post available: http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/09/10/437249183/south-african-cave-yields-strange-bones-of-early-human-like-species

Hawks, John. 2015. “How 3D printing fossils will change the way we look at .” Blog post available: http://johnhawks.net/weblog/topics/metascience/open-access/benefits-data-brouwers-q-and-a-2015.html

Lidar. n.d. “Documenting the Rising Star .” Lidar News: In the scan. Blog post available: http://blog.lidarnews.com/tag/homo- naledi/#sthash.tzXWIC3q.dpufhttp://blog.lidarnews.com/tag/homo-naledi/

Morkel, Henno. n.d. “Laser Scanning the Rising Star Cave in the , South-Africa: 3D Laser Mapping.” Blog post available: http://www.3dlasermapping.com/laser-scanning-the-rising-star-cave-in-the-cradle-of-humankind-south-africa/

MorphoSource. 2015. Project: Rising Star. Data repository available: http://morphosource.org/index.php/Detail/ProjectDetail/Show/project_id/124

University of Wisconsin-Madison. UW Madison Box Service. Homo naledi. Available: https://uwmadison.app.box.com/homo-naledi/

All images available as open source, Creative Commons licensed for non-commercial use, or under presumed Fair Use conditions.

Special thanks go to Dr. Sara Gonzalez, Marston Science Library (MSL), and to the MSL staff who manage the 3D printing lab.