Gravitational Lensing in Astronomy

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Gravitational Lensing in Astronomy Gravitational .. Lensing in .. Astronomy n centerlineJoachim Wambsganssf Gravitational nquad Lensing in nquad Astronomy g Astrophysikalisches Institut Potsdam n centerlineAn der SternwartefJoachim 1 6 Wambsganss g 14482 Potsdam Gravitational Lensing in Astronomy n centerlineGermany f Astrophysikalisches InstitutJoachim Potsdam Wambsganssg jwambsganss at aip period de Astrophysikalisches Institut Potsdam n centerlinePublished 2f NovemberAn der Sternwarte 1 998 1 6 gAn der Sternwarte 1 6 open parenthesis Last Amended 31 August 200114482 closing Potsdam parenthesis n centerlineLiving Reviewsf14482 in Relativity Potsdam g Germany www period livingreviews period org slash Articlesjwambsganss slash Volume@ aip 1 . slash de 1 998 hyphen 12 wamb n centerlinePublished byfGermany the Max hypheng Planck hyphenPublished Institute 2 November for Gravitational 1 998 Physics A lbe r-t Einstein Institute comma Potsdam( Last comma Amended Germany 31 August 2001 ) n centerlineAbstract fjwambsganss $ @ $ aipLiving . de Reviewsg in Relativity Deflection of lightwww by gravity . livingreviews was predicted . org by General / Articles Relativity / Volume and 1 / 1 998 - 12 wamb n centerlineobservationallyf Published confirmedPublished in 2 1 November 9 1 9 by period the Max1 .. 998 In - Planck theg following - Institute decades for Gravitational comma various Physics as hyphen pects of the gravitational lens effectA lbe werer − exploredt Einstein theoretically Institute , Potsdam period .. , GermanyAmong n centerlinethem were :f ..( the Last possibility Amended of multiple 31 August or ring 2001 hyphenAbstract ) likeg images of background sources comma the use ofDeflection lensing as of a light gravitational by gravity telescope was predicted on very by General faint and Relativity and n centerlinedistant obj ectsf Living commaobservationally Reviews and the possibility in confirmed Relativity of in determining 1 9 1g 9 . 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