Ein Gut Bekanntes, Aber Falsch Bestimmtes Odontoglossum

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Ein Gut Bekanntes, Aber Falsch Bestimmtes Odontoglossum OrchideenJournal Heft 4 · 2018 Ein gut bekanntes, aber falsch Stig Dalström bestimmtes Odontoglossum Guido Deburghgraeve (Orchidaceae; Oncidiinae) offenbart sich letztendlich als neue Art Abstract. A new and attractive Od- als „sub-warme Region von Bracamo- her eher stilisiert, besonders die Blü- ontoglossum (Orchidaceae: Onci- ros, zwischen dem Amazonas und der ten. Dies ist wahrscheinlich der Grund, diinae) is described and illustrated Urbanisation / Stadt von Jaen, Höhe warum John Lindley das Konzept die- with color photographs and a line 240 hex“ [Übersetzung der Autoren] be- ser Art falsch interpretiert und eine drawing. It is compared with the schrieben. Die als „240 hex“ angege- Aufsammlung aus Pamplona, Kolumbi- closely related Odm. epidendroides bene Höhe entspricht ungefähr 460 m, en, von Jean Linden als „Odm. epiden- and Odm. spectatissimum, also il- was für ein Odontoglossum eine höchst droides“ in Folia Orchidacea (Lindley, lustrated with color photographs, unwahrscheinliche Höhe ist, weil viel 1852) identifi ziert. both of which our new species has zu niedrig. Die Erklärung für diesen of- Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach korri- been erroneously identifi ed as by fensichtlichen Fehler ist nicht bekannt. gierte Lindleys Fehler zwei Jahre spä- several authors and on numerous Vielleicht lieferte ein örtlich angeheu- ter, als er Odontoglossum lindleya- occasions. The history of this confu- erter Sammler die Pfl anzen und zeig- num Rchb.f. & Warsc. in einem Arti- sion is briefl y discussed and the dis- te in die falsche Richtung, als er nach kel in Bonplandia zusammen mit zahl- tinguishing features are described. dem Ort gefragt wurde, der logischer- reichen anderen von ihm gesammelten The main difference is the elongat- weise westlich von Jaen Richtung Berge Arten beschrieb und sie dem Sammler ed and generally paniculated infl o- und nicht östlich zum „Amazonas“ [Rio Josef von Warscewicz widmete. Es rescence and the blunt, forward pro- Marañon] sein müsste. Jedenfalls wur- sind keine Aufsammlungen von Odm. jecting lip callus, versus racemose den die getrockneten Exemplare nach lindleyanum von Warszewicz in Wien infl orescences and a fi nely subulate Europa gebracht, wo die beiden Aben- oder anderswo erhalten, daher ist es and spreading lip callus for Odm. teurer zusammen mit Humboldts al- möglich, dass Reichenbach die Be- epidendroides, and larger overall tem Mentor Karl Sigismund Kunth die schreibung auf Grundlage von Lindens size and a fl at and downward pro- Sammlung von mehr als 60.000 Pfl an- Sammlung aus Pamplona machte und jecting lip callus for Odm. spectatis- zenproben durcharbeiteten. Später Warscewicz als Co-Autor nannte, um simum. veröffentlichten sie die neue Art in ih- ihn zu ehren. Jedenfalls behandelt Le- rem Nova Genera et Species Plantarum onore Bockemühl die Aufsammlung Key Words: new species, Odonto- (Helferich 2004). Eine Illustration von Lindens 1261 aus Pamplona als Typus glossum, Orchidaceae, Oncidiinae. Odontoglossum epidendroides wurde für Odm. lindleyanum in ihrer Abhand- Running title: Dalström and De- vom Künstler Turpin angefertigt und lung der Gattung (Bockemühl, 1989), burghgraeve – New Odontoglos- in die Bearbeitung mit einbezogen. Die dem wir zustimmen. sum Zeichnung wurde von einem getrock- Zurück zum Typ für die Gattung: Lind- neten Exemplar angefertigt und ist da- ley erhielt ein getrocknetes Exem- Geschichte und Diskussion Odontoglossum epidendroides Kunth Odontoglossum epidendroides: ist die Typusart der Gattung und daher Pfl anze in Kultur von / Plant cultivated by Jan Sönnemark, Halmstad, Sweden ist es wichtig, sie zu untersuchen, um das Konzept eines typischen Odonto- glossum zu verstehen. Diese Art stellt auch ein gutes Beispiel dafür dar, wie Dalström kompliziert Orchideen-Taxonomie wird, wenn wir ein bestimmtes Artenkonzept falsch auffassen und uns darauf ver- steifen. Alexander von Humboldt fand zu- Bonpland sammen mit Aimé 1799 – Foto / Photo: © S. 1804 während ihrer ausgedehnten Rei- se in die Neue Welt Pfl anzen des späte- ren Odontoglossum epidendroides. Der genaue Ort für ihre Entdeckung wird 136 Heft 4 · 2018 OrchideenJournal A well-known but misidentifi ed Stig Dalström Odontoglossum Guido Deburghgraeve (Orchidaceae; Oncidiinae) is fi nally revealed as a new species History and discussion taxonomy gets when we misinterpret The exact locality for their discov- Odontoglossum epidendroides Kunth, and lock our minds onto a particular ery is described as “Sub-warm re- is the type species for the genu and species concept. gion of Bracamoros, between the Am- therefore important to study in order Alexander von Humboldt together azon river and the urbanization/town to understand the concept of a typical with Aimé Bonpland found plants of of Jaen, alt. 240 hex” [authors’ transla- Odontoglossum. what became Odontoglossum epiden- tion]. The altitude given as “240 hex” This species also represents a good droides during their extended journey is the approximate equivalence of example of how complicated orchid to the New World in 1799 – 1804. 460 m, which is much too low and a most unlikely altitude for an Odonto- Zeichnung stammt von der Typuszeichnung von / Illustration copied from glossum. The explanation for this ap- Delamotte the type drawing of Odm. epidendroides by W. A. parent mistake is not known. Perhaps a locally hired collector delivered the plants and pointed in the wrong direc- tion when asked for the locality, which logi cally would be to the west of Jaen towards the mountains and not east towards the “Amazon river” [Rio Mara- ñon]. In any case, the dried specimens were brought back to Europe where the two adventurers together with Humboldt’s old tutor Karl Sigismund Kunth worked through the collection of more than 60,000 plant specimens. They later published the new species in their Nova Genera et Species Plan- tarum (Helferich 2004). An illustra- tion of Odontoglossum epidendroides was prepared by the artist Turpin and included in the treatment. The draw- ing was prepared from a dried speci- men and is therefore rather stylized, particularly the fl owers. This is proba- bly the reason why John Lindley mis- interpreted the concept of this spe- cies and included a collection from Pamplona, Colombia, by Jean Lin- den as “Odm. epidendroides” in Fo- lia Orchidacea (Lindley, 1852). Hein- rich Gustav Reichenbach (1854) cor- rected Lindley’s mistake two years later when he described Odontoglos- sum lindleyanum Rchb.f. & Warsc., in an article in Bonplandia dedicated to the collector Josef von Warscewicz, along with numerous other species collected by him. No preserved collec- tions of Odm. lindleyanum by Warsze- wicz have been located in Vienna or 137 OrchideenJournal Heft 4 · 2018 Odontoglossum paniculatum: Pfl anze in Blüte aus dem Baeza- Gebiet in Ecuador / Plant in fl ower Dalström from the Baeza area in Ecuador dem von Odm. lacerum schließen wir auch, dass sie das gleiche Taxon dar- stellen, das sich von unserer neuen Art unterscheidet. Foto / Photo: © S. Autor Dalström stimmte ursprüng- lich mit Reichenbach, Lehmann und Bockemühl darin überein, dass Odm. epidendroides dieselbe Art ist wie die hier neu beschriebene Art. Diese Fehl- bestimmung fand leider ihren Weg in einige Herbarien. Dieser Fehler wur- de später von Dalström erkannt, der Chronicle (Reichenbach, 1874). Zuvor daraufhin annahm, unsere neue Art hatte Reichenbach ein Exemplar zwi- sei eine südliche Form des eindrucks- schen den Städten Baños und Rio Ver- vollen Odm. spectatissimum, wobei in de in der Provinz Tungurahua in Zen- der geographischen Region zwischen Dalström tral-Ecuador als „Odm. epidendro- ihren Verbreitungsgebieten morpho- ides“ identifi ziert. Diese Pfl anze wur- logische Zwischenformen auftreten. de 1858 von M. Wagner gesammelt. Diese Annahme basierte auf der Ent- Der getrocknete Blütenstand wurde in deckung von ungewöhnlich großblüti- München (M) deponiert, und eine ein- gen Formen unserer neuen Art in der zelne Blüte des gleichen Exemplars Nähe des kleinen Ortes La Bonita in Foto / Photo: © S. fi ndet sich in Wien auf Blatt 48000 Nordecuador. Da sehr wenig darüber (W) zusammen mit einer Blüte der Ty- bekannt war, wie dieser Artkomplex puspfl anze und einer Zeichnung von in der Region zwischen der Aufsamm- Odm. epidendroides. Das Exemplar in lung der „Ecuador-Form“ bei La Boni- München wurde von Rudolf Schlech- ta und den Aufsammlungen des ty- ter im Jahr 1920 nachträglich falsch pischen Odm. spectatissimum weiter als „Odm. hallii“ identifi ziert, ist aber nördlich in Kolumbien aussieht, war in Wirklichkeit die hier beschriebene diese Vermutung einer „Verbindung“ neue Art, die nicht mit Odm. epiden- verfrüht. Neue Beobachtungen zeigen, droides identisch ist. dass die „Ecuador-Form“ im Süden Odontoglossum paniculatum: Bockemühl (1989) hat offenbar ei- sympatrisch mit dem größeren Odm. Nahaufnahme der Blüte aus dem ne Sammlung aus dem Baeza-Gebiet spectatissimum ist und wahrscheinlich Baeza Gebiet in Ecuador / Close-up of in Ecuador anerkannt, die von dem entlang der ganzen östlichen Kordil- fl ower from the Baeza area in Ecuador Sammler Friederich Lehmann im Jahr lera von der ecuadorianischen Grenze 1881 als „Odm. epidendroides“ identi- bis zur Grenze zum kolumbianischen plar des wahren Odm. epidendroides fi ziert wurde (Lehmann 8053, K). Die- Staat Santander und darüber hinaus von dem Sammler Andrew Mathews, ses Taxon ist ebenfalls nicht Odm. epi- vorkommt. Da keine Zwischenformen der es 1835 in der Nähe von Casapi in dendroides, sondern unsere neue Art. zwischen den beiden Taxa gefunden der Huanuco-Region
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