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Investing in Women Along Agribusiness Value Chains COPYRIGHT and DISCLAIMER NOTICE Investing in Women along Agribusiness Value Chains COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER NOTICE © International Finance Corporation 2016. All rights reserved. 2121 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433 Internet: www.ifc.org The material in this work is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. IFC encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly, and when the reproduction is for educational and non-commercial purposes, without a fee, subject to such attributions and notices as we may reasonably require. IFC does not guarantee the accuracy, reliability or completeness of the content included in this work, or for the conclusions or judgments described herein, and accepts no responsibility or liability for any omissions or errors (including, without limitation, typographical errors and technical errors) in the content whatsoever or for reliance thereon. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The contents of this work are intended for general informational purposes only and are not intended to constitute legal, securities, or investment advice, an opinion regarding the appropriateness of any investment, or a solicitation of any type. IFC or its affiliates may have an investment in, provide other advice or services to, or otherwise have a financial interest in, certain of the companies and parties (including named herein). All other queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to IFC Communications, 2121 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20433. International Finance Corporation is an international organization established by Articles of Agreement among its member countries, and a member of the World Bank Group. All names, logos and trademarks are the property of IFC and you may not use any of such materials for any purpose without the express written consent of IFC. Additionally, “International Finance Corporation” and “IFC” are registered trademarks of IFC and are protected under international law. Table of Contents ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS . ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . ii TABLE OF FIGURES .. iii TABLE OF BOXES . iii. FOREWORD . 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY . 3 1: INTRODUCTION . 6 1.1: Emerging Trends in Agribusiness .................................................................6 1.2: Women in Agribusiness .........................................................................8 1.3: Methodology and Approach .....................................................................9 2: INPUT PROVISION AND USE . 12 2.1: Overview ..................................................................................... 12 2.2: Women’s Key Value Chain Activities in Input Provision and Use ..................................... 12 2.3: Constraints Women Face in Input Provision and Use ...............................................13 2.4: Recommendations for Company Actions in Input Provision and Use ................................ 15 2.5: Case Study: Krishi Utsho Builds Markets for Agricultural Inputs through Microfranchising ............. 18 3: PRODUCTION . 20 3.1: Overview .....................................................................................20 3.2: Women’s Key Value Chain Activities in Production ................................................20 3.3: Constraints Women Face in Production .......................................................... 21 3.4: Recommendations for Company Actions in Production ............................................23 3.5: Case Study: Mondelēz International’s Cocoa Life Program in Indonesia ..............................27 4: POST-HARVEST PROCESSING AND STORAGE . 28 4.1: Overview .....................................................................................28 4.2: Women’s Key Value Chain Activities in Post-Harvest Processing and Storage .........................28 4.3: Constraints Women Face in Post-Harvest Processing and Storage ..................................29 4.4: Recommendations for Company Actions in Post-Harvest Processing and Storage ....................30 4.5: Case Study: Africa Exchange Holdings Builds a Market for Agricultural Warehousing and Exchange ....33 5: TRANSPORTATION, MARKETING, AND SALES . 34 5.1: Overview .....................................................................................34 5.2: Women’s Key Value Chain Activities in Transportation, Marketing, and Sales .........................34 5.3: Constraints Women Face in Transportation, Marketing, and Sales ...................................34 5.4: Recommendations for Company Actions in Transportation, Marketing, and Sales .....................36 5.5: Case Study: Primark, CottonConnect, and the Self-Employed Women’s Association Build a Sustainable Cotton Supply Chain with Female Farmers in India .....................................39 6: CONCLUSIONS . 40 ANNEX A: SUMMARY OF GENDER-SMART SOLUTIONS IN AGRIBUSINESS . 42 ANNEX B: BIBLIOGRAPHY . .44 ANNEX C: ENDNOTES . 50 i ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS Acknowledgments AFEX Africa Exchange Holdings This publication, “Investing in Women along Agribusiness Value AIRN Agro-Input Retailers Network Chains,” was developed by IFC’s Gender Secretariat, under the overall CEO Chief Executive Officer guidance of Henriette Kolb, and in response to the request of IFC’s Manufacturing, Agribusiness, and Services (MAS) department. The CNFA Cultivating New Frontiers in core working group comprised authors Nathalie Hoffmann and Alexa Agribusiness Roscoe with the support of subject-matter experts and peer reviewers Coca-Cola The Coca-Cola Company from across IFC and the World Bank Group, including: Andi Wahyuni CSISA Cereal Systems Initiative of Sofiyanti Baso, Ernest Bethe, Victoria Y. Chang, Marieme Esther South Asia Dassanou, Adriana Eftimie, Triyanto Fitriyardi, Jannina Flores Ramirez, ECOM ECOM Agroindustrial Corp. Sherry Goldberg, Anup Jagwani, Tania Lozansky, Amy Luinstra, FAO Food and Agriculture Natalie Macawaris, Eugene Moses, Kalyan N. Neelamraju, Carmen Organization Niethammer, Jane Onoka, Bradford Roberts, Sanna Liisa Taivalmaa, and Rick Van Der Kamp. The report was edited by Elizabeth Gibbens and FY Fiscal Year Bhattiprolu Balachandra Murti, and designed by Groff Creative Inc. GDP Gross Domestic Product GHG Greenhouse Gas The team would like to acknowledge Caren Grown, Senior Director, GIIF Global Index Insurance Facility World Bank Group Gender Cross-Cutting Solution Area, Alzbeta Klein, GSMA Groupe Spéciale Mobile Director, Manufacturing, Agribusiness, and Services, IFC, and Sergio Association Pimenta, Director, Manufacturing, Agribusiness, and Services, IFC, for their guidance. ICT Information and Communications Technology IFC would like to thank the companies and organizations that IFC International Finance contributed case study data for this report, including: Africa Exchange Corporation Holdings, Ltd., CARE Bangladesh, CottonConnect, Krishi Utsho, KEPHIS Kenya Plant Health Mondelēz International Inc., Palladium, Primark, and the Self-Employed Inspectorate Service Women’s Association (SEWA). MAS Manufacturing, Agribusiness, and Services MIS Mobile Management International Finance Corporation Information System IFC, a member of the World Bank Group, is the largest global NGO Non-Governmental development institution focused on the private sector in emerging Organization markets. Working with 2,000 businesses worldwide, we use our six RUDI Rural Distribution Network decades of experience to create opportunity where it’s needed most. In SEWA Self-Employed Women’s FY16, our long-term investments in developing countries rose to nearly Association $19 billion, leveraging our capital, expertise, and influence to help the private sector end extreme poverty and boost shared prosperity. For SFD Seeder Fertilizer Drill more information, visit www .ifc .org. SMS Short Message Service UN United Nations USAID United States Agency for International Development WBG World Bank Group ii Table of Figures Figure 1: Overview of Gender Gaps in Agribusiness Value Chains .........................................2 Figure 2: Select Business Benefits of Closing Gender Gaps. 4 Figure 3: Reducing Gender Gaps—How the Private Sector can Help .....................................10 Figure 4: A Closer Look at Input Provision and Use .................................................... 12 Figure 5: Microfranchise Model, as Used by Krishi Utsho in Bangladesh .................................. 19 Figure 6: A Closer Look at Production ................................................................20 Figure 7: A Closer Look at Post-Harvest Processing and Storage ........................................28 Figure 8: A Closer Look at Transportation, Marketing, and Sales ........................................34 Table of Boxes Box 1: Another Report in IFC’s Series of Publications, “The Business Case for Women’s Employment in Agribusiness” ....................................................................7 Box 2: Women and Care. 9 Box 3: Business Benefits for Companies from Closing Gender Gaps in Input Provision and Use ............
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