THE GAMBIA - The death of a journalist under surveillance

May 2005 Investigation: Leonard Vincent Reporters Without Borders International Secrétariat Africa Desk 5, rue Geoffroy Marie 75009 Paris-France Tél. (33) 1 44 83 84 76 Fax (33) 1 45 23 11 51 Email: [email protected] Web: www.rsf.org Deyda Hydara : the death of a journalist under surveillance ly March whenhetoldGambia’s acknowledged theNIA’s ineffectiveness inear- NIA director-general DabaMarenah publicly ve toBanjulandDakarfrom 25Aprilto4May. Reporters WithoutBorders sentarepresentati- and toseeknewinformationaboutthecase, To getanupdateonthepoliceinvestigation they are beingsoughtbytheGambianpolice. still atlarge. Indeed,there is noindicationthat red Gambia’s mostrespected are journalist night of16December. Butthosewhomurde- Kanifi was fatallyshotbehindthewheelofhiscarin Yahya Jammehisathief,you willhavetoprove “Ifyouwritethat tojournalists: sued awarning and mouthpiecesoftheopposition” andheis- press” inGambia,just“propaganda organs He addedthatthere was“noindependent they are bad,wetakethembefore thecourts.” he said:“We don’tIf needto killjournalists. dara’s murder inaTVinterviewon23February, the politicalpressure. Denyinganyrole inHy- to displayhostilitytowards despite journalists, President meanwhilecontinues condition ofanonymity. the country, orrefuse totalk,ordosoonlyon vices were involvedandtheyhaveeitherfl other sources are convincedthesecurityser- and relatives, witnesses ofthemurder and death ofMr. Hydara.”Indeed,Hydara’s friends from ourownavenuesanythingleadingtothe Until now, wecannotgetfrom thepublicand Deyda’scerning death[which]willhelpusalot. for “anyinformationthatwecangathercon- the NIAhadaskedtheir“Americanbrothers” was alsothecorrespondent of Five monthshavegonebysinceHydara,who ces, afewminutesbefore hismurder. veillance, almostcertainlybythesecurityfor- Agency (NIA)butalsothathewasundersur- thought belongedtotheNationalIntelligence received deaththreats from individualswhohe T pendent newspaper Hydara, theco-founderandeditorofinde- the caseinthisreport. Ourenquiriesshowthat Borders hastriedtoshedsomenewlighton Hydara hasgonenowhere. ReportersWithout offi Presse cial investigationintothemurder ofDeyda rapped initsownabsurd hypotheses,the ng, adistrictofGreater ,onthe ( AFP ) andReportersWithoutBorders, The Agence France- Agence , hadnotonly Daily Observer Daily ed

libel.” your allegationsorelseyouwillgotoprisonfor suspected ofcarryingouttheattackon assembly thenamesoftwopersonswhowere sition parliamentarianrevealed tothenational these arsonattacks,notevenafteranoppo- There wasnoseriouspoliceinvestigationinto press andthe the biweeklynewspaper fi President Jammeh,hadmadedeaththreats Boys,” aclandestinegroup claimingtosupport Hydara hadreported during2004.The “Green the seriousincidentswhichitscorrespondent Hydara,” ReportersWithoutBorders detailed nuary 2005report entitled“WhokilledDeyda on thenightof26December2003.Inits6Ja- the attemptedmurder oflawyerOusmanSillah ber. Theclimatehadbeguntodeteriorateafter beforejournalists Hydara’s murder inDecem- 2004 wasalready atryingyearforGambia’s watched A journalist whowas being quently destroyed Ebrahima Sillah.Two arsonattackssubse- to approve two lawsthatmadedeep inroads 15 Decemberwhenitgotthe nationalassembly brought on14and toanendbythegovernment nalists thathadgoneonfor severalyearswas nally, adrawn-outtusslewith independentjour- nalists’ union,andfi then DembaAliJawo,thepresident ofthejour- dependent rstly againstAlagiYorro Jallow, theeditor of –bothNationalGuard members. Fi- BBC correspondent’s home. The Independent The nally BBC The Independent The correspondent ’s printing The In- The 2 , THE GAMBIA Deyda Hydara : the death of a journalist under surveillance to takeataxi, hesaw“aconvoyofthree cars” around noonon16December, ashewasabout ters WithoutBorders metinBakau saidthatat was murdered. Aneye-witnesswhoRepor- also beingwatched,including onthedayhe In additiontobeingthreatened, Hydarawas argument withKabaJallow.” Hetold me he’dhadaserious the afternoon. “I hadDeydaonthetelephoneatendof This source, whohassince leftGambia,said: the companyincolumncalled“TheBite.” GAMCO, whowasfuriousaboutreferences to Kaba Jallow, thespokesman ofthecompany red, hehadreceived avisitinhisoffi beforethat, ontheafternoon hewasmurde- disgruntled readers. Oneofhisfriendssaid Hydara alsoreceived threatening visitsfrom came from theNIA. he wasconvincedthattheserepeated threats I publish.”ThetwofriendsofHydarabothsaid threats came“from thosewhodon’t likewhat murder. HequotedHydaraashavingsaidthe his headquartersinBanjulaweekafterthe when ReportersWithoutBorders methim at ding “13”Badjiealsoreferred tothethreats subject ofjokes.”PoliceinspectorgeneralLan- letter orbytelephone.Ithadevenbecomethe murder: “Hewasusedtobeingthreatened, by Reporters WithoutBorders afewdaysafterhis king itwouldbeoutside place thatwouldbechosentoattackhim,thin- “He evenconstructedhypothesesaboutthe had received bytelephone. ber, Hydarareferred torecent deaththreats he murder. Attwomeetings,on13and15Decem- comments byHydaraafewdaysbefore his Another ofHydara’s friendsmentionedsimilar give adamn”andwouldnotchangeanything. thing else,butHydarareplied thathe“didn’t name ofhiscolumnortodosome- said heurged Hydaratochangethe ra’s columnin Mr.‘Good Morning, President’ [Hyda- me theyare goingtokillmebecauseof together, Hydarasaid:“Theyhavetold when theywere makingatripbycar tative that“aweekbefore hisdeath,” Reporters WithoutBorders represen- ned. Oneofhisclosefriendstoldthe Hydara hadbeenpersonallythreate- the entire press corps. Hydara’s murder stunnedandhorrifi into press freedom. Thefollowingday, friend andpartnerat Without Borders onconditionofanonymity. His home inKanifi ng,” thesource toldReporters The Point The The Point The The Point The ].” Thefriend , PapSaine,told oroutsidehis ed c from ce street where race byonKairabaAvenue, attheendof a blackandgrey Mitsubishi L200pickup,also (“Military Police”)armbands andred berets in armed soldiersincamoufl on 30April.Herescortconsisted offi airporttarmacat5:30p.m. Banjul international and nolicenceplatestoaSlok Airplaneonthe driven inadarkPajero withtintedwindows vehicles. Vice-President IsatouNjieSaidywas taxis inthecarpark,amongother, unmarked of thiskind,aswellseveralyellowandgreen tive spottedatleastonelight-coloured pickup ce, theReportersWithoutBorders representa- Victoria Teaching Hospitalemergency entran- the president’s offi in Banjul,oppositetheserviceentranceto ral tripspastthenationalguard headquarters are MitsubishiL200s.Inthecourseofseve- licence plates,thepickupscarryingsoldiers by thiswitness.Withtintedwindowsandno travelling invehiclesliketheonesdescribed of thepresident’s offi It isnotunusualinGambiatoseemembers seeing anylicenceplate.” The Point,withtwomenside.Idon’t remember on Kairabaavenue,afewdozenmetres from ked outsidetheformerSabenaairlinebuilding, dark andithadtintedwindows,waspar- kind Ihadseenearlierintheday. Itscolourwas moment, IsawaMitsubishipickupofthesame Hydara washeadingtowards hiscar. Atthat side thenewspaperatmomentwhenMr. The Point,IwasonGarbaJahumparoad, out- after thepartyorganized bythemanagementof going by, orsomethinglikethat.Intheevening, the pickups.IthoughtPresident Jammehwas jero inthemiddle.Isawstwosoldersoneof pickups withtintedwindowsa4WDPa- tifi Speaking onconditionhewouldnotbeiden- service stationislocated. the direction of thecrossroads where theShell KairabaAvenue-Garba JahumpaRoadcrossing(Bakau)

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THE GAMBIA Deyda Hydara : the death of a journalist under surveillance ked notfarfrom Sillah’s home.Also,when tinted windows”andnonumberplatepar- bour assayinghesaw“agreen pickupwith close toPresident Jammeh)quotedaneigh- owned byAmadouSamba,abusinessman be thepresident’s role. important workofsupervision” whichshould pulation andAIDS)tofree uptimefor“thevery ce, naturalresources, energy, po- governance, to delegatesomeofhismany portfolios(defen- September column,DHadvised thepresident tinue, thiscountrywouldsinkfurther.” Inhis27 or sacked.Ifsuchasituationisallowedtocon- vital technicaladviceforfearofbeingsidelined own collaboratorsprefer tokeep tothemselves in 6Septembercolumn.“We are toldthatyour “This isveryserious,MrPresident,” hewrote questioned bythepolice. and toensure thatthesuspectswere atleast to accord “urgent attention”to these reports meh, whohadjustreturned from atripabroad, and 13September, heaskedPresident Jam- lumns inSeptember2004tothiscase.On6 printing press, Hydaradevotedmost of hisco- no plates. 2003, theywere travellinginablackPajero with rested bythree NIAmemberson19September pects inthearsonattackon rian HamatBahnamedthetwoleadingsus- Afteroppositionparliamenta- being governed. on nationalissuesandthewaycountrywas young president directly, offering histhoughts fessorial tone,Hydarausedtoaddress the Writing withgreat skill,oftenadoptingapro- was undoubtedlythemostpopularoftwo. Mr.The “Goodmorning, President” column others inpositionsofpower. nic insolencetowards thecountry’s rulersand cal analysisofGambiansociety, onefullofiro- had cometoindicateawell-argued andcriti- Over theyears,“DH”atfootofacolumn Mr. President,” appeared everytwoweeks. The other, called“D.H.says…GoodMorning, Point, whichispublishedthree timesaweek. with DH,”appeared inalmostallissuesofThe Ousman Sillah,the The dayaftertheattemptedmurder oflawyer with tintedwindowsandnolicenceplates. columns in people. Heusedtowritetwoverypopular whoupset Hydara wasclearlyajournalist when hewas killed? writing been hadHydara What Independent The The Point The editorAbdoulieSeywasar- Daily Observer Daily . One,called“TheBite, The Independent The (whichis ’s ’s “Election Fever.” expressed displeasure witha columnentitled his press department,on8Decemberpublicly a closepresidential aideandformerheadof the fi managed toirritatetheGambianauthoritiesin More frequent butlesspolitical,“TheBite”also dence. dent torespect theirimportance andindepen- and thestudentunion,calledonpresi- lysed thestateofrelations betweenJammeh 15 December, ontheeveofhisdeath,DHana- in thissector. Inhislastcolumn,publishedon favouritism” dals andcriticisedthe“pernicious tored inthehoteltradefollowingseveralscan- On 22November, hecalledfororder toberes- AMRC untiltheinvestigationwascompleted. President Jammehshouldkeephimatthe Gambian portauthority. Hydarasuggestedthat for corruption,hadjustbeennamedtorunthe whose managementwasbeinginvestigated Management RecoveryCorporation(AMRC), prise thattheheadofstate-ownedAssets nance issues.On1November, DHvoicedsur- began totacklebusinessaswellgover- In November, Mr. “GoodMorning, President” full cooperation,”thecolumnconcluded. nation andasenseofdirection towinpeople’s work aswhatisneededorganization, coordi- hospital. “Mr. President, emptysloganscannot inter aliabannedthetransportofsickpersonsto (in Wolof: “Becleanandmakeclean”),which ces ofaclean-upcampaigncalled“SetSetal” the president aboutthedangerous consequen- Ramadan, on25October, thecolumnwarned T-shirt” through thecentre ofthecity. Inmid- during thedayand“escorted”in“sandals a senioroffi to thepresident tofollow“theruleoflaw”after within therulingparty. On18October, DHurged expressed abouttheleadershipcrisis concern On 11October, Mr. “GoodMorning, President” nal weeks.Fatoumata Jahumpa-Ceesay, cial wasarrested withoutawarrant 4 THE GAMBIA Deyda Hydara : the death of a journalist under surveillance got themoney tocoverthewholecountry.” 2004 seasonwasafailure “asGAMCO hasnot rice?” Anotherpersoncommented thatthe no shopkeepersare askedtosellonebagof are notaskedtoonlysellone ortwofi one ortwobagsofgroundnut whenfi “How cantheytellfarmerstoonlydisposeof quoted “oneparticulargentleman”asasking, and notanother. Creating akindofsketch,he farmers toselltheirproduce to onecompany not supplyfertilizerorseedscouldtrytoforce thatdid did notunderstandwhyagovernment pressed onwithhiscriticism,sayingthefarmers the criticismmadeincolumn.ButHydara “GAMCO defender”whowantedtorespond to in “TheBite”thathehadbeencontactedbya Five dayslater, on8December, Hydarawrote favouritism toward GAMCO. wasnotshowing and askedifthegovernment now hadagroundnut problem “onourhands” of thegovernment’s orders. HesaidGambians more thanonesackofgroundnuts inviolation that policehadarrested farmerscaughtwith tailed andscathinginhiscriticismofreports In hiscolumnon3December, Hydarawasde- which hasaneffective monopoly. the partiallystate-ownedcompanyGAMCO, posed methodofmanagingthesectorthrough have yettoadaptthenew, government-im- It isslowlyrusting,whilethecountry’s farmers plant bytheseabetweenBakauandBanjul. abandon ofthelarge groundnut processing red. Thisishighlightedbythepresent stateof groundnuts butthesectorhassincefounde- Jawara’s former regime hadprospered from Jammeh in1994,President DawdaKairaba tourism. Before beingoustedbytheyoungLt. Gambia’s mainsource ofincomealongwith blem ofgroundnuts, whichare impoverished The columnfocussedinDecemberonthepro- press hadbeen“betrayed.” and a dialoguegoingbetweenthegovernment tect his“dignity,” becausehisattemptstokeep ter AmadouScattred Jannehtoresign topro- nal bodies,andhecalledoninformationminis- before theappropriate nationalandinternatio- vately-owned mediawouldchallengethelaws day. HeexplainedhowandwhyGambia’s pri- passed bythenationalassemblyprevious president toattackthedraconianpress laws union vail,” wasusedbythisformerjournalists’ of themurder) andwasentitled“We ShallPre- appeared inthe15Decemberissue(oneve President.” Thelastofthesecolumns,which and more Mr technicalthat“GoodMorning, social issuesthatwasbothmore polemical “The Bite”hadanapproach toeconomicand shermen sh and sh money andfalsearguments. year, criticisingGAMCO’s practices,wasted why thekeygroundnut seasonhadfailedthat methodically explainedtheprobable reasons Why? There wasnotradeseason!”Hydara big noisearound theseccosof country. 6 Decemberandthatdaywentbywithoutany it sincethecolonialdayswasscheduledfor postponed. Thetradeseasonasweknew the countrythatagroundnut seasonhasbeen began: “Thisisthefi biggest sectionwasgivenovertothisissue.It der, DHwrote ablisteringcolumninwhichthe December, lessthanaweekbefore hismur- “trade season.”Inthefollowingissue,on10 ditionally heldbetweentheharvestand postponement ofthe“groundnut season,”tra- The nextday, announcedthe thegovernment towards President Jammeh,and whose hostility Senegambia Junction, is afriendof has UScitizenship,owns a bar-restaurant at kim, aGambianofLebaneseoriginwhoalso The othersuspect,Wally MahmoudHa- not like. between imamsinthecapitalawayhedid Hydara after gne, hadopenlymanifestedhostilitytowards One ofthesuspects,Banjulresident NjagaJa- Neither wascharged. der andbothwere released afterafewdays. rested inthefi the past10years.Two suspectshavebeenar- the press freedom violationsinGambiaduring the perpetratorsorleadingsuspectsinall February totheNIA,whoseagentshavebeen gation intoHydara’s murder wastransferred in Originally entrustedtothepolice,investi- suspects Suspicions abouttwo Reorientation and Construction(APRC) to a contributortotherulingAlliance forPatriotic Thelastissueof T h e The Point The

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5 THE GAMBIA Deyda Hydara : the death of a journalist under surveillance and unpredictable” youngman,hadgoneto an acquaintanceas“impulsive,aggressive described toReportersWithoutBorders by could announcehisdeath.Hisson,whowas next issue“regardless ofthecost”sothathe murder andrequesting advertisingspaceinthe of17Decemberrejoicingmorning atHydara’s The Point The told thegovernment weeks incustody, NIAdirector DabaMarenah tion forPeace.Thedayhewasfreed, aftertwo the president’s charity, theJammehFounda- have beenfound inmypossession.Iwould like a numberofgunsincluding silencerssaidto any armyissuedgun.(…) I sawontelevision (…) Theseitemsdidnotinclude anysilenceror all properly licensedbythePoliceauthorities. which Ihadinmypossession, andwhichwere authorities aboutmyarmsandammunition “I informedtheNationalIntelligenceAgency quarters inBanjulforquestioning,”hewrote. ted totheNationalIntelligenceAgencyHead- “On the17thdayofFebruary2005,Iwasinvi- treatment forhisfamilyandhimself. give hisversionofeventsandtodemandfair not justtoproclaim hisinnocence,butalsoto and theUSambassadortoBanjul.Hisaimwas copies totheinteriorminister, justiceminister to theNIAdirector-general on1March, with Once released, Hakimwrote aletterofprotest column. Mr.publishing his“GoodMorning, President” argument withHydara,hehadtoldhimtostop le hewasincustody, thestate-owned he hadpermits.Asilencerwasalsofound.Whi- hunting rifl home, includingarifl the NIAfoundfi security offi ple already interviewed,includingciviliansand mains theprincipalsuspectamongalotofpeo- ting President Jammehforhisinfl According tolocalsources, Hakimcalled res ofhisarsenal. of amessageinthe press freedom, Hakimpaidforthepublication national assemblyvotedthetwolawscurbing in generalandHydaraparticular. Afterthe had neverhiddenhiscontemptforjournalists diately suspectedtheHakimfamily. Hakim Several ofHydara’s friendssaidtheyimme- father toldtheNIA. of self-imposedexileintheUnitedStates,his space.” Thereafter heleftfor“10yearsatleast” Observer Service Television Radio managingeditorSheriff Bojangonthe theprevious dayto“buyadvertising e andaMagnumrevolver, although cers.” Hakimwasdetainedafter rearms andammunitionathis e withatelescopicsight, Daily Observer Daily Gambia Daily Gambia ( GRTS ) showedpictu- exibility.an In , “Hakimre- congratula- Gambia Gambia Daily Daily

create adiversion.” had nothingtodowiththecaseandserved dara, “Ithinkhe colleague ofHy- was toldbythis Without Borders mind,” Reporters “I changedmy victim ofaplot. he hadbeenthe and toclaimthat on hisinnocence tinued toinsist in April,hecon- Hydara’s met him When afriendof men intheMitsubishiL200parkednear it isunlikelytohavetakenanylonger. Sothe nutes byday. There islesstraffi Sillah street inKanifi on GarbaJahumparoad inBakautoSankung 16 December, from thepremises ofThe Point drove theroute thatHydaratookonthenightof The ReportersWithoutBorders representative issues Murky letter appeared intheoppositionbiweekly, Hakim wasre-arrested bytheNIAdaythis am beingtreated asIhavebeen.” pointed tonotethatdespitemycooperation,I Intelligence Authorities,andIamverydisap- have cooperatedcompletelywiththeNational contained alotofmisrepresentation offacts.I the broadcast thatwasmadeunfairand sual stepofwriting,sothatitisonrecord, that from theirinvestigation.Ihavetakentheunu- no doubtthatyouroffi ved inthekillingofDeydaHydara,andIhave dantly clear, thatIwasnotinanywayinvol- to myfamilyandme.Ihavemadeitabun- has causedalotofanxietyandembarrassment The lettercontinued:“Your televisionbroadcast were infactfoundwithme.” on televisiontosuggestthatalltheseitems of yourlacksuchknowledgethatyouwent never inmypossession,andthatitisbecause items whichwere paradedontelevisionwere to believethatyouwere notaware thatthese the MobileIntervention Unit,theelitepolice unit also passedbytheentrance tothebarracksof Less thanaminutebefore hewasshot,Hydara before hewasshot. discreetly watchinghimless than15minutes Point Independent whenHydaragotintohiscarwere still , buthewasquicklyreleased. ng. Thedrivetook15mi- cials knowthisasafact

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THE GAMBIA Deyda Hydara : the death of a journalist under surveillance go aboutit.” Point, thiswouldbethewayto and pushhimintoclosingThe or trytodiscouragePapSaine “wanted tocreate adiversion that iftheGambianauthorities condemned thisbehaviouron18March, noting lation tothecase.ReportersWithoutBorders and forced tohandoverdocumentswithnore- several timesbytheNIA,treated withsuspicion friend ofmore than30years,wasquestioned , case ofpersonalscore-settling. Furthermore, were workingontheassumptionthatitwasa in Hydara’s car atthemomentofshooting, Isatou JagneandNyansarangJobe,whowere question thetwomainwitnessesofmurder, Gambian investigatorswhowenttoSenegal murder waspoliticallymotivated.Worse still,the plicably ruledoutthepossibilitythatHydara’s Gambian authoritieshasfrom theoutsetinex- Finally, the investigation conductedbythe was notifi Borders representative inDecemberthathe case ofcorruption,toldtheReportersWithout since beendismissedforinvolvementina but policechiefLanding“13”Badjie,whohas the murder tookplace“shortlyafter10p.m.” on SankungSillahstreet. Severalsources said different totheburstofgunshotsthatrangout a hundred metres away, remained strangelyin- But thepoliceoffi carrying thekillers. by theMercedes taxiwithnolicenceplates seen Hydara’s blueMercedes 200followed to haveheard thegunshotsandmayevenhave traffi especially lateatnightwhenthere isvirtuallyno took placewithineasyearshotofthebarracks, lice campisoppositeanemptylot.Themurder is guarded byatleastonearmedman.Thepo- street where off Hydaraturned andwasshot, located ahundred metres from SankungSillah on Banjul-Serrekunda Highway. Theentrance, rights, hewrote constantly convinced hewaswithin his Extremely well-informedand he didnotbowtothethreats. ting hostilitytowards dissent, services. Despitethemoun- ce bytheGambianintelligence to harassmentandsurveillan- Deyda Hydarawassubjected recommendations Conclusions and c. Thepolicemanonguard thatnighthad ed “after midnight.” “after ed The Point The cersonguard dutythatnight, ’s co-founder andHydara’s Barracks of the Mobile Intervention UnitseenfromSankungSillahStreet BarracksoftheMobileIntervention

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t 1. 1. 2. vestigation. task ofconductingaseriousandcredible in- with theGambiaPress Union(GPU)withthe an independentcommissionofenquiryjointly police assistanceandagainaskshimtoform totheBritishorUSauthoritiesfor should turn organization proposes tothepresident thathe tigation intoHydara’s murder. Inparticular, the dent andprofessional third party intheinves- request theinterventionofaneutral,indepen- Gambian President Yahya Jammehtooffi Rights (ACHPR). African CommissiononHumanandPeoples’ authorities, whosecapitalistheseatof mand aseriousinvestigationfrom theGambian publicly condemnHydara’s murder andtode- reiterates itsappealtotheAfricanUnion most probable hypothesis. politically-motivated, althoughitseemsthe considered thepossibilitythatmurder was conclusive result. Theinvestigatorshavenot by theintelligenceserviceshasproduced no tion conductedinitiallybythepoliceandthen and intervene.Sincehismurder, theinvestiga- present inthearea failedintheirdutytoprotect still unexplainedreasons, thesecurityforces sionals inapremeditated ambushinwhich,for his fi groundnut sectorwere thedominantthemesof gislation andthestrategicquestionofailing condemning abuses.Theharshnewpress le- cizing whathethoughtwere baddecisionsand about thewaycountrywasbeingrun,criti- h e

M Reporters WithoutBorders therefore urges o nal articles.Hewasmurdered byprofes- Reporters WithoutBorders furthermore b i l e

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