Coconut Oil and Palm kernel Oil
U. R. Sahasranamam (U.R.S) Coconut and Palm kernel oils
• Applications of nuts • Application of crude oil • Application of refined oils • Qualities issues with CNO and PKO • Production and price trends • Oil Extraction methods • Fractionation methods • Lauric specialty fats Coconut palm Oil Palm Applications of Nuts
Applications Coconut Palm Kernel Oriental food
Desiccated Coconut
Coconut Milk
Spray dried powder
Oil Extraction
Activated Carbon Applications of Nuts - continued
Applications Coconut Palm Kernel Offering in Hindu temples to invoke gods blessing – India, Malaysia, Singapore etc Applications of Crude Oil
Applications Coconut Palm Kernel
Frying Oil -Oriental food – Cochin grade
Hair oil
Sun tan Oil
Oleo chemicals
Fractionation
Refined oil Applications of Refined Oil
Applications Coconut Palm Kernel Edible oil for - Frying
Sun tan Oil/Hair Oil
Spl fat fractionation
Oleo Chemicals
Ice-cream Industry
Hydrogenation Industrial applications – Oleo Chemicals
Applications Coconut Palm Kernel C- 8 / C-10 feed stock – MCT feed stock Oleic Acid –Feed stock Applications of Fractions and Hydrogenated Oils and Fractions
Applications Coconut Palm Kernel Hydrogenated Fat Non diary creamer, Ice- Coating fat for cream confectionary Non Hyd -Stearin Center filling Trans free non Hydro fraction Coating fat Non Hyd –Olein Ice-cream coating fraction
Hyd- Stearin fraction Cocoa butter substitute
Hyd Olein Fraction Creaming fat , wafer center fat Quality and other issues of Crude oils
Issues Coconut Palm Kernel
High color
High FFA
High PAH – Due to smoke drying (poly aromatic hydrocarbons) High SAFA
Price Volatility –( Prone to storm damage) Growth Stagnation Year wise production of CNO,PK Oil in Million MT ( source - Oil world)
4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 PK OIL 2 CNO 1.5 1 0.5 0 92/93 98/99 00/01 '02/03 '04/05 '06/07 Price trend 1999 - 2007 - Coconut Oil Vs. Palm Kernel O
900 CNO Cif, USD/MT 9 800 8 700 7 600 6 500 5 400 4 300 3
800 PKO Cif, USD/MT 8 700 7 600 6 500 5 400 4 300 3
150 1 CNO/PKO Cif Rott Spread, USD/MT 125 1
100 1
75
50
25 Normal Premium 0
-25 -
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 20 Processing of Nuts
Processing type Coconut Palm Kernel Full Pressing Very Common Very Common – Yield 44.5 to 45% Pre pressing followed Very Common – Crude oil Not practiced due to high by solvent extraction color and FFA high hexane loss Direct extraction Not Common Practiced by 2 to 3 companies in the world – Yield 48 - 48.5% Caustic refining Some times especially for Generally not practiced due high Colored oil to cut the to high refining loss color Physical refining Common- RF 1.5% due to Common – RF 1.35% high short chain acids Solid fat Profile – Cocoa butter Vs Milk fat
) COCOA BUTTER %
( MILK FAT
80
60
40
20 Solid Fat Content Content Fat Solid
0
Temperature (C)
10 20 30 40 Fractionation – methods for PKO
• Static cooling in stationary trays and hydraulic pressing – High Labor cost • Cooling in moving trays and hydraulic pressing – High Labor costs • Cooling in moving trays and HP membrane pressing – Low labor costs – Increased capital cost • Cooling in membrane press type enclosures and HP pressing – min labor cost but high capital cost • Cooling in High pressure press cavity followed by HP pressing in the same press – Very high capital cost Quality
General Specific
Safety Identity Application Sensory
+Contaminants +FFA +Refraction +Melting curve Microbiology +Peroxyde value Pesticides +Iodine value +Solidification curve Insecticides +Rancimat Heavy metals +Chromatography +Pilot tests PAH +Taste
+Processes +Shelf life Typical quality for Palm Oil, Palm Kernel Oil and Coconut Oil
PALM KERNEL COCONUT Palm Oil OIL OIL Saturated Fatty Acids (SAFA) 50 80 91 Monounsaturated Fatty Acids (MUFA) 40 17 8 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA) 10 3 1 Trans Fatty Acids (TFA) <1 <1 <1 Typical quality for Palm kernel oil and coconut oil - Fatty Acid Composition
(%)
PALM KERNEL OIL COCONUT OIL 60
50
40
30
20
10
0 C6:0 C8:0 C10:0 C12:0 C14:0 C16:0 C18:0 C18:1 C18:2 C18:3 C20:0 Typical quality for Palm oil, palm kernel oil and coconut oil - Fatty Acid Composition
(%) 60 PALM OIL PALM KERNEL OIL COCONUT OIL 50
40
30
20
10
0 C6:0 C8:0 C10:0 C12:0 C14:0 C16:0 C18:0 C18:1 C18:2 C18:3 C20:0 Palm Kernel Oil and its fractions
PALM PALM KERNEL PALM KERNEL KERNEL OIL OLEIN STEARIN
o Slip Melting Point ( C) 27.5 23.5 32
Solid Fat Content (%)
o 10 C 71.3 55.5 94
o 20 C 42.4 15.5 85.2
o 25 C 16.0 0.4 70.5
o 30 C 0.5 0 32.5
o 35 C 00 0
o 40 C 00 0 Solid Fat Content Profile of Hydrogenated Lauric oils
Solid Fat Content (%) 100.0
90.0
80.0
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0 Temperature 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 OC Fully Hydrogenated 95.2 93.4 88.1 67.5 35.9 14.0 5.6 Palm Kernel Oil Fully Hydrogenated 97.0 96.8 96.5 89.0 47.0 3.0 0.0 Palm Kernel Stearin Fully Hydrogenated 95.0 90.2 80.5 60.5 37.5 21.2 0 Palm Kernel Olein Fully Hydrogenated 91.2 81.0 60.9 19.0 5.8 2.0 0.0 Coconut Oil Solid Fat Content Profile of hydrogenated Palm Kernel Stearin comparing with Cocoa Butter and Milk Fat
100.0
90.0
80.0
70.0
Solid Fat Content (%) 60.0 50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0 Temperature 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 (OC) Hydrogenated Palm Kernel Stearin 97.0 96.8 96.5 89.0 47.0 3.0 0.0 Cocoa Butter 88.4 86.5 81.5 70.6 46.4 2.2 0.0 MILK FAT 47.8 24.0 16.0 7.4 2.3 0.0 0.0 Palm
Gift from mother nature to the human kind
Relatively new crop
Marketing Strategy by the nature ?? Take one free one ( two different type oils packed into one) Thank You