The Leys profile - 2011 Census

Summary Geography This profile summarises the characteristics of the population in the Leys, as recorded by the 2011 Census. The area which this covers is shown in the map opposite, which is a combination of and Northfield Brook wards.

The Leys is an estate on the southern edge of ’s boundary, to the south of Cowley and outside the ring road. The larger part of the Leys estate – Blackbird Leys - was built in the 1950s and 1960s as part of the post-war efforts to improve housing conditions in the city. Greater Leys which forms the southern part of the estate was built in the mid-1990s.

In 2011 the Leys had 13,100 residents, and has been an area of relatively low population growth over the last decade. 30% of the Leys' residents are aged under 18 years, and another 31% are young adults aged 25 to 44 years. There were 5,100 households living in the Leys in 2011, nearly one in five of which were headed by lone parents, over double the city average. Like other areas of the city, the Leys has seen an increase in ethnic diversity - 33% of residents were from a non-White British ethnic group, compared to 18% in 2001. The Leys has a notably large proportion of residents from Black ethnic groups - 12% of the population compared to the 5% city average.

Historically the Leys was built as a social housing estate, and 50% of households still rent their home from the council or a housing association. Another third own their home, but this number has decreased over the last decade. Over half of the Leys' residents have no or low qualifications, compared to the 22% city average. 41% of working age adults work in low skill routine or semi-routine occupations.

Poverty and deprivation is a significant issue in the Leys. The number of people © Crown Copyright and database right 2011. claiming unemployment benefit was double the city average for the period of the Ordnance Survey 100019348. recession, but has since begun to decline. 8% of working age people claim an incapacity benefit; in total 17% claim some sort of out of work benefit. The 2010 Further information Indices of Deprivation placed seven of the Leys’ eight areas among the 20% Mark Fransham, Social Research Officer 01865 252797 most deprived areas in . The latest estimates are that 34% and 25% of [email protected] children and older people respectively live below the poverty line. www.oxford.gov.uk/oxfordstats Unless otherwise stated, data in this profile is from the 2011 Census, Office for National Statistics, downloaded from www.nomisweb.co.uk and www.ons.gov.uk

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Total population Age structure

Resident population by age 2011 2011 population: 13,068 residents 65 and over 11% 6,220 males and 6,848 females 11% Growth of 872 since 2001 19% 45 to 64 18%

Household Comm. est. 31% residents: 25 to 44 re side nts: 101 32% 12,967 9% 18 to 24 20% The Leys 12% 10 to 17 Oxford The 2011 Census counted ‘usual residents’ – that is, people who had lived or 8% intended to live in the city for 12 months or more. Each resident was counted 18% as living either in a ‘communal establishment’ (e.g. hospital, university hall of 0 to 9 11% residence, prison) or in a household. This profile sometimes looks at residents (e.g. for age structure) and sometimes households (e.g. for housing tenure).

Changein population by age, 2001 - 2011

Growth in household and communal establishment populations, 2001-2011 65 and +112 over

45 to 64 +421 Comm. est. -6% popn growth +33% -188 25 to 44

18 to 24 +179 +7% Household popn The Leys growth 10 to 17 +236 +11% Oxford

0 to 9 +114

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Household type Ethnic group Between 2001 and 2011 the number of households in The Leys increased by In 2011, 33% of residents were from a non-White British ethnic 161, from 4,921 households in 2001 to 5,082 households in 2011. group, compared to 18% in 2001.

Resident population by ethnic group 2011 Households by household type, 2011 64% 22% White British 67% Single adult working age 21% 11% 14% Single adult 65+ 9% Other White 8% 20% Couple with no children 14% 4% Mixed 6% 17% Couple with dep children 20% South Asian 7% 7% 4% Lone parent with dep children 18% 7% Chinese or other Asian 5% Family with non-dep children 10% 2% Oxford All student HMO 3% 5% 0% Black 12% 3% HMO with dep children 4% The Leys Oxford Other 1% 10% 1% Other HMO 5% The Leys

Change in households by household type, 2001 - 2011 % of residents from non-White Change in population by ethnic group, British ethnic group, 2001 & 2011 2001 - 2011 Single adult working age +95 Single adult 65+ -36 36% White British -1,304 -226 Couple with no children 33% Other White +460 Couple with dep children +47 Lone parent with dep children +168 23% Mixed +304 Family with non-dep children +48 18% South Asian +274 All student HMO -14 Chinese or other HMO with dep children +78 +192 Asian Other HMO -4 Black +844 2001 2011 2001 2011 Dep children: dependent children; HMO: house in multiple occupation. There are various Other +98 The Leys Oxford definitions of HMO; here it means two or more unrelated people who are living together.

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Language Religion Resident population aged 3+ by main language, 2011 Resident population by religion, 2011 16% Total non-English 12% 1% Christian 48% French 0% 57% Portuguese 1% 1% 1% Buddhist 0% 1% Spanish 0% 1% Hindu 0% 2% Polish 2% 1% 4% Jewish 0% Other EU 1% Oxford 1% 7% Other non-EU European 1% Muslim 6% The Leys Arabic 1% 0% 0% Sikh 0% 1% Oxford Wes t/Central As ian 0% Other 1% 3% 0% South Asian 2% 33% 1% The Leys No religion Chinese 0% 29% 1% 8% Other East Asian 1% Not stated 7% 1% African 1% 1% Other 1%

% of all usual residents aged 3 years and over Change in resident population by religion, 2001 - 2011

-519 Christian

Reported English proficiency, people whose main language is not English, 2011 Buddhist +23

Cannot 2% Hindu +41 speak 1% The Leys Jewish -11 11% Oxford Not well 9% Muslim +424 Sikh +20 Well 36% 32% Other +28

38% No religion +1,328 Very well 48% -465 Not stated % of people aged 3 and over w hose main language is not English

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Country of birth Length of UK residency In 2011, 20% of residents were born outside the UK, compared to 10% in 2001. 2011 residents born outside UK, by year of first arrival in UK Resident population by country of birth 2011

% of all usual residents 72% UK 80% 11% 66% Elsewhere in Europe 7% 57% The Leys Oxford 3% Africa 5% 4% South Asia 2% 1% China 0% 4% Other Asia & Mid. East 2% 3% N America & Caribbean 3% Oxford The Leys 20% 1% South America 1% 1% Elsewhere 0% 7% 15% 6% 4% 5% 0%0%1% 1% 3% 5% 4% 6%

Change in population by country of before 1941- 1951- 1961- 1971- 1981- 1991- 2001- % of residents born outside the birth, 2001 - 2011 1941 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2011 UK, 2001 & 2011 -517 UK 28% Elsewhere in Europe +465 Africa +490 20% 19% South Asia +187 China -1 10% Other Asia & Mid. East +158 N America & Caribbean +33 South America +52 2001 2011 2001 2011 Elsewhere-24 The Leys Oxford

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Economic activity Qualifications and GCSEs

Resident population aged 16+ by economic activity, 2011 Resident population aged 16+ by highest qualification, 2011 Part-time 10% employee 16% Full-time 36% Other 7% employee 40% 7% Self- 7% 5% 16% employed Degree or higher 43% 3% Unemployed 7% 2 A-levels 9% 28% 18% FT student 9% 7% Apprenticeship 3% Retired 8% 2% The Leys Looking after 4% 7% 5 GCSEs A*-C 15% home or 9% Oxford Long term 3% 5% sick or Below 5 GCSEs A*-C 20% Other 2% Oxford 8% economically 3% 31% The Leys No qualifications 14% % of people aged 16 to 74 % of people aged 16 and over

Change in population by economic activity, 2001 - 2011 Percentage of state school pupils achieving 5 A*-C GCSEs, 2009-12 Part-time employee +226 (with confidence interval or margin of error shown)

Full-time employee -201

Self-employed +110 Oxford 47%

Unemployed +312

FT student +282 The Leys 28% Retired -72

Looking after home or family -86

Long term sick or disabled -1 Source: Department for Education Other economically inactive -82 GCSE figures are for Middle Layer Super Output Areas, which are roughly the size of wards

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Socio-economic class Health All residents aged 16 to 74 years by NS-SEC, 2011 How is your health in general? (2011) 15% As a percentage of all usual residents Higher managerial & professional 5% 18% Lower managerial 14% 55% Very good 8% 47% Intermediate 11% 5% Oxford Small employers 5% 32% Good 4% 35% Lower supervisory 8% The Leys 10% Semi-routine 22% 9% Fair 8% 13% Routine 19% Never worked/long-term 4% Oxford 8% 3% unemployed Bad 28% 4% Full-time students 8% The Leys 0% Not classified 0% 1% Very bad 1%

Change in population aged 16 to 74 years by NS-SEC, 2001 - 2011

+10 Higher managerial & professional Proportion of residents whose day-to-day activities are Lower managerial -32 limited because of a long-term health problem or disability Intermediate +292 Small employers +137 Lower supervisory -94 The Leys 16% Semi-routine +394 Routine +382 Never worked/long-term +338 Oxford 12% unemployed Full-time students +286 Not classified -1,225

NS-SEC: National Statistics Socio-Economic Classification. Each resident is classified according to occupation, employment status, supervisory role and size of workplace.

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Housing tenure Housing type

Households by housing tenure, 2011 ‘Household spaces’ by type, 2011

9% Detached house 5% 47% Owned 30% 33% Semi-detached house 27%

28% Terraced house 21% 41% Social rented 50% 26% Flat (purpose built) 26%

28% 6% Private rented Flat (converted house) 1% 11% 1% Flat (comm'l bldg) 0% Oxford 2% Oxford Living rent free 0% 1% Other 0% The Leys The Leys

Change in ‘household spaces’ by type, 2001 - 2011 Change in households by housing tenure, 2001 - 2011

-593 Owned Detached house +53

Semi-detached house +31

Social rented +238 Terraced house -88

Flat (purpose built) +144

Private rented +307 Flat (converted house) +7

Flat (comm'l bldg) -10 Living rent free -71 Other +4

The number of household spaces is different to the number of households, because some household spaces are unoccupied, or are used by are Social rented: renting from the local authority or a housing association households which are not ‘usually resident’.

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Household size Household occupancy Occupancy rating is a measure of under-occupancy and over-crowding in Households by size, 2011 housing. It uses information about household size, household structure and number of rooms to estimate whether a household has more or less 1% rooms than it requires e.g. a rating of -1 implies a household has one room 8+ 0% less than it needs. 7 1% 1% Households by occupancy rating, 2011 2% 6 2% (underoccupied) 40% 7% The Leys 5 5% +2 or more 26% 14% Oxford 4 13% 23% +1 26% 19% 3 15% 23% 26% 0 34% 2 30%

1 29% 10% 33% -1 10%

-2 or less 4% Oxford Change in households by size, (overcrowded) 3% 2001 - 2011 The Leys Average household size, 2001 & 2011 8+ +16 2.5 2.6 Change in households by occupancy rating, 2001 - 2011 2.3 2.4 7 +7 (underoccupied) -76 6 -2 +2 or more

5 +69 +1 -140

4 +116 0 +229 3 +53

2001 2011 2001 2011 -151 2 -1 +147 The Leys Oxford -2 or less 1 +59 +3 (overcrowded)

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Number of cars Travel to work In 2011 there were 4,304 cars belonging to households in the area, Population in employment aged 16-74 by method of travel to work, 2011 compared to 4,194 in 2001. 11% Mainly at home 5% Households by number of cars or vans, 2011 2% Train 0% 16% 4 or more 1% Bus 21% 1% The Leys 32% Driving car 45% 3 2% Oxford 3% 3% Car passenger 5% 2 15% 1% 17% Motorcycle / moped 1%

Bicycle 17% 45% 9% Oxford 1 46% 17% On foot 13% 37% The Leys None 33%

Change in population in employment aged 16-74 by method of travel to work, 2001 - 2011 Average number of cars per Change in households by number of household, 2001 & 2011 cars or vans, 2001 - 2011 Mainly at home +40 0.94 0.93 0.85 0.85 Train -1 4 or more +11 Bus +30

3 +27 Driving car +50

Car passenger 2 +16 -99 Motorcycle / moped -19 -39 1 Bicycle -9 2001 2011 2001 2011 None +147 On foot +267 The Leys Oxford

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Working age benefits Poverty and deprivation Following the recession of 2008/09 the number of Jobseeker's Allowance claimants rose to 516, but by October 2013 had fallen to 304. People living below the poverty line

Children 22% People claiming Jobseeker’s Allowance 2008-2013 (2011) 34% (as % of economically active non-students) 10% Older people 17% 65+ (2008) 25% 8% Oxford Working age 8% 6% people (2008) 18% The Leys

4% % of respective age group The Leys Source: HMRC (child poverty); Indices of Deprivation 2010 2% Oxford Average rank on 2010 Indices of Deprivation domains 0% (Outer line = most deprived; centre = least deprived; % economically of active non-students 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 each line encircling the chart represents 20% of areas in England)

People claiming working-age benefits, May 2013 Multiple deprivation (as % of residents aged 16-64 years) 2.0% Older people poverty Income JSA 4.9% 4.1% ESA / IB 8.2% 1.0% Lone parent 3.3% Child poverty Employment 0.7% Carers 1.6% Oxford Disabled 0.7% 1.5% The Leys 1.2% Crime Health Aged under 25 3.6% 16.8% All out of work benefits 7.4% Education & skills

% of all aged 16-64 years Source: Department for Work & Pensions Source: Indices of Deprivation 2010, Communities & Local Government. This shows the JSA: Jobseeker’s Allowance; ESA/IB: Employment and Support Allowance / Incapacity Benefit average level of relative deprivation which may vary considerably within the area.

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