To See References

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

To See References Longevity & Bioidentical Hormones Friedrich N, Haring R, Nauck M, et al. Mortality and serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF binding protein 3 concentrations. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009 May;94(5):1732-9. Malkin CJ, Pugh PJ, Morris PD, et al. Testosterone replacement in hypogonadal men with angina improves ischaemic threshold and quality of life. Heart. 2004 Aug;90(8):871-6. Besson A, Salemi S, Gallati S, et al. Reduced longevity in untreated patients with isolated growth hormone deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Aug;88(8):3664- 7. Laughlin GA, Barrett-Connor E, Criqui MH, Kritz-Silverstein D. The prospective association of serum insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and IGF-binding protein-1 levels with all cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in older adults: the Rancho Bernardo Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Jan;89(1):114-120. Moffat SD, Zonderman AB, Metter EJ, et al. Free testosterone and risk for Alzheimer disease in older men. Neurology. 2004 Jan 27;62(2):188-193. Khaw KT, Dowsett M, Folkerd E, et al. Endogenous testosterone and mortality due to all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer in men: European prospective investigation into cancer in Norfolk (EPIC-Norfolk) Prospective Population Study. Circulation. 2007 Dec 4;116(23):2694-701. Malkin CJ, Pugh PJ, Jones RD, et al. The effect of testosterone replacement on endogenous inflammatory cytokines and lipid profiles in hypogonadal men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Jul;89(7):3313-3318. Selvin E, Feinleib M, Zhang L, et al. Androgens and diabetes in men: results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Diabetes Care. 2007 Feb;30(2):234-238. Hak AE, Witteman JC, de Jong FH, et al. Low levels of endogenous androgens increase the risk of atherosclerosis in elderly men: the Rotterdam study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Aug;87(8):3632-3639. Maggio M, Lauretani F, Ceda GP, et al. Relationship between low levels of anabolic hormones and 6-year mortality in older men: the aging in the Chianti Area (InCHIANTI) study. Arch Intern Med. 2007 Nov 12;167(20):2249-54. Shores MM, Matsumoto AM, Sloan KL, Kivlahan DR. Low serum testosterone and mortality in male veterans. Arch Intern Med. 2006 Aug 14-28;166(15):1660-1665. Asvold BO, Bjøro T, Nilsen TI, et al. Thyrotropin levels and risk of fatal coronary heart disease: the HUNT study. Arch Intern Med. 2008 Apr 28;168(8):855-60. Giovannucci E, Liu Y, Hollis BW, Rimm EB. 25-hydroxyvitamin D and risk of myocardial infarction in men: a prospective study. Arch Intern Med. 2008 Jun 9;168(11):1174-80. Schumacher M, Guennoun R, Ghoumari A, et al. Novel perspectives for progesterone in hormone replacement therapy, with special reference to the nervous system. Endocr Rev. 2007 Jun;28(4):387-439. Nilsen J, Brinton RD. Impact of progestins on estrogen-induced neuroprotection: synergy by progesterone and 19-norprogesterone and antagonism by medroxyprogesterone acetate. Endocrinology. 2002 Jan;143(1):205-212. Enomoto M, Adachi H, Fukami A, et al. Serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels predict longevity in men: 27-year follow-up study in a community-based cohort (Tanushimaru study). J Am Geriatr Soc. 2008 Jun;56(6):994-998. Fukui M, Kitagawa Y, Nakamura N, et al. Serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate concentration and carotid atherosclerosis in men with type 2 diabetes. Atherosclerosis. 2005 Aug;181(2):339-344. New study finds removing ovaries during hysterectomy increases risk of death, outweighs benefits. Business Wire. 2009 April 20. Accessed from http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20090420005411/en/Study-Finds- Removing-Ovaries-Hysterectomy-Increases-Risk Parker WH, Broder MS, Chang E, et al. Ovarian conservation at the time of hysterectomy and long-term health outcomes in the nurses' health study. Obstet Gynecol. 2009 May;113(5):1027-37. Shoupe D, Parker WH, Broder MS, et al. Elective oophorectomy for benign gynecological disorders. Menopause. 2007 May-Jun;14(3 Pt 2):580-585. Mäkinen J, Järvisalo MJ, Pöllänen P, et al. Increased carotid atherosclerosis in andropausal middle-aged men. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005 May 17;45(10):1603-8. Rivera CM, Grossardt BR, Rhodes DJ, et al. Increased cardiovascular mortality after early bilateral oophorectomy. Menopause. 2009 Jan-Feb;16(1):15-23. Parker WH, Manson JE. Oophorectomy and cardiovascular mortality: Is there a link? Menopause. 2009 Jan-Feb;16(1):1-2. Laughlin GA, Barrett-Connor E, Bergstrom J. Low serum testosterone and mortality in older men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008 Jan;93(1):68-75. Kapoor D, Goodwin E, Channer KS, Jones TH. Testosterone replacement therapy improves insulin resistance, glycaemic control, visceral adiposity and hypercholesterolaemia in hypogonadal men with type 2 diabetes. Eur J Endocrinol. 2006 Jun;154(6):899-906. Rice D, Brannigan RE, Campbell RK, et al. Men's health, low testosterone, and diabetes: individualized treatment and a multidisciplinary approach. Diabetes Educ. 2008 Nov-Dec;34 Suppl 5:97S-112S. Calle EE, Miracle-McMahill HL, Thun MJ, Heath CW Jr. Estrogen replacement therapy and risk of fatal colon cancer in a prospective cohort of postmenopausal women. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1995 Apr 5;87(7):517-23. Zandi PP, Carlson MC, Plassman BL, et al. Hormone replacement therapy and incidence of Alzheimer disease in older women: the Cache County Study. JAMA. 2002 Nov 6;288(17):2123-2129. Harden CL. The mysterious effect of reproductive hormones on cognitive function: scientific knowledge in search of an application. J Gend Specif Med. 2000 Oct;3(7):33- 37. Loret De Mola JR. Effects of estrogen use on the risk of alzheimer's disease. Biomedicina. 2000 Jan;3(1):6-7. Hodis HN, Mack WJ. Postmenopausal hormone therapy and cardiovascular disease in perspective. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2008 Sep;51(3):564-580. Saunders-Pullman RJ. Another potential benefit from HRT: Slowing Parkinson's. Geriatrics. 1998 Jun;53(6):91. Malkin CJ, Pugh PJ, West JN, et al. Testosterone therapy in men with moderate severity heart failure: a double-blind randomized placebo controlled trial. Eur Heart J. 2006 Jan;27(1):57-64. Salpeter SR, Cheng J, Thabane L, et al. Bayesian meta-analysis of hormone therapy and mortality in younger postmenopausal women. Am J Med. 2009 Nov;122(11):1016-1022. Dobnig H, Pilz S, Scharnagl H, et al. Independent association of low serum 25- hydroxyvitamin d and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d levels with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Arch Intern Med. 2008 Jun 23;168(12):1340-9. Review of WHI & HERS trials Klaiber EL, Vogel W, Rako S. A critique of the Women's Health Initiative hormone therapy study. Fertil Steril. 2005 Dec;84(6):1589-1601. Gambrell RD. The women's health initiative reports: Critical review of the findings. The Female Patient. 2004;29:25-41. Mishell DR, McNeille LG. Hormone Therapy and Coronary Heart Disease: Evolving evidence from clinical trials. J of Family Practice. 2007 Nov;15(2):S1-S6. Salpeter SR, Walsh JM, Greyber E, et al. Mortality associated with hormone replacement therapy in younger and older women: a meta-analysis. J Gen Intern Med. 2004 Jul;19(7):791-804. Wood MJ, Cox JL. HRT to prevent cardiovascular disease. What studies show, how to advise patients. Postgrad Med. 2000 Sep 1;108(3):59-60, 63-6, 69-72. Brzyski RG. Hormone replacement therapy and cardiovascular disease. Biomedicina. 2000 Jan;3(1):126-128. Dubey RK, Jackson EK, Gillespie DG, et al. Medroxyprogesterone abrogates the inhibitory effects of estradiol on vascular smooth muscle cells by preventing estradiol metabolism. Hypertension. 2008 Apr;51(4):1197-202. Booth EA, Lucchesi BR. Medroxyprogesterone acetate prevents the cardioprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of 17beta-estradiol in an in vivo model of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2007 Sep;293(3):H1408- 15. Review of Different BHRT Cirigliano M. Bioidentical hormone therapy: a review of the evidence. J Womens Health. 2007 Jun;16(5):600-631. Lemon HM. Pathophysiologic considerations in the treatment of menopausal patients with oestrogens; the role of oestriol in the prevention of mammary carcinoma. Acta Endocrinol Suppl. 1980;233:17-27. Lauritzen C. Results of a 5 years prospective study of estriol succinate treatment in patients with climacteric complaints. Horm Metab Res. 1987 Nov;19(11):579-584. Head KA. Estriol: safety and efficacy. Altern Med Rev. 1998 Apr;3(2):101-113. Takahashi K, Okada M, Ozaki T, et al. Safety and efficacy of oestriol for symptoms of natural or surgically induced menopause. Hum Reprod. 2000 May;15(5):1028-1036. Teoh H, Quan A, Leung SW, Man RY. Vascular effects of estrone and diethylstilbestrol in porcine coronary arteries. Menopause. 2009 Jan-Feb;16(1):104-109. Karim R, Mack WJ, Lobo RA, et al. Determinants of the effect of estrogen on the progression of subclinical atherosclerosis: Estrogen in the Prevention of Atherosclerosis Trial. Menopause. 2005 Jul-Aug;12(4):366-73. Pratt JH, Longcope C. Estriol production rates and breast cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1978 Jan;46(1):44-7. Lippman M, Monaco ME, Bolan G. Effects of estrone, estradiol, and estriol on hormone-responsive human breast cancer in long-term tissue culture. Cancer Res. 1977 Jun;37(6):1901-1907. Siiteri PK, Sholtz RI, Cirillo PM, et al. Prospective study of estrogens during pregnancy and risk of breast cancer. Public Health Institute. 2002. Vooijs GP, Geurts TB. Review of the endometrial safety during intravaginal treatment with estriol. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 1995 Sep;62(1):101-106. Nachtigall LE. Bioidentical versus nonbioidentical hormones. Proceedings from the postgraduate course presented prior to the 17th annual meeting of the North American Menopause Society.
Recommended publications
  • Estrone with Pipera- with an Anabolic Steroid and a Progestogen for Osteoporosis
    Estradiol/Ethinylestradiol 2101 Estrapronicate (rINN) menopausal atrophic vaginitis and kraurosis vulvae. A dose of Estrapronicato; Estrapronicatum. Oestradiol 17-nicotinate 3- 500 micrograms may be given as a 0.01% or 0.1% cream or as a pessary; initial treatment may be given once daily, then reduced propionate. O to twice each week. NH CH3 Эстрапроникат Estriol has also been given orally for infertility (p.2080) caused HN C27H31NO4 = 433.5. by poor cervical penetration, in a dose of 0.25 to 1 mg daily on H CAS — 4140-20-9. days 6 to 15 of the menstrual cycle. O Estriol succinate has also been given orally in the treatment of HO HH menopausal disorders. The sodium succinate salt has been used S N parenterally in the treatment of haemorrhage and thrombocyto- O penia. O Preparations Pharmacopoeias. In Br. and US. BP 2008: Estriol Cream. BP 2008 (Estropipate). A white or almost white crystalline pow- Proprietary Preparations (details are given in Part 3) O O der. Very slightly soluble in water, in alcohol, in chloroform, and Arg.: Colpoestriol; Orgestriol; Austral.: Ovestin; Austria: Ortho-Gynest; in ether. H3C Ovestin; Styptanon; Belg.: Aacifemine; Ortho-Gynest; Braz.: Estriopax; Hormocervix; Hormoniol; Ovestrion; Styptanon; Chile: Ovestin; Sina- USP 31 (Estropipate). A white to yellowish-white fine crystal- pause; Vacidox; Cz.: Ortho-Gynest; Ovestin; Denm.: Ovestin; Fin.: Oves- line powder, odourless or may have a slight odour. Very slightly H tin; Pausanol; Fr.: Gydrelle; Physiogine; Trophicreme; Ger.: Cordes Estriol; soluble in water, in alcohol, in chloroform, and in ether; soluble Gynasan†; OeKolp; Oestro-Gynaedron M; Ortho-Gynest; Ovestin; Syna- 1 in 500 of warm alcohol; soluble in warm water.
    [Show full text]
  • (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7,723,320 B2 Bunschoten Et Al
    US007723320B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7,723,320 B2 Bunschoten et al. (45) Date of Patent: May 25, 2010 (54) USE OF ESTROGEN COMPOUNDS TO DE 23,36434. A 4, 1975 INCREASE LIBDO IN WOMEN WO WO96 O3929 A 2, 1996 (75) Inventors: Evert Johannes Bunschoten, Heesch OTHER PUBLICATIONS (NL); Herman Jan Tijmen Coelingh Bennink, Driebergen (NL); Christian Holinka CF et al: “Comparison of Effects of Estetrol and Taxoxifen Franz Holinka, New York, NY (US) with Those of Estriol and Estradiol on the Immature Rat Uterus'; Biology of Reproduction; 1980; pp. 913-926; vol. 22, No. 4. (73) Assignee: Pantarhei Bioscience B.V., Al Zeist Holinka CF et al; "In-Vivo Effects of Estetrol on the Immature Rat (NL) Uterus'; Biology of Reproduction; 1979: pp. 242-246; vol. 20, No. 2. Albertazzi Paola et al.; "The Effect of Tibolone Versus Continuous Combined Norethisterone Acetate and Oestradiol on Memory, (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this Libido and Mood of Postmenopausal Women: A pilot study': Data patent is extended or adjusted under 35 base Biosis "Online!; Oct. 31, 2000: pp. 223-229; vol. 36, No. 3; U.S.C. 154(b) by 1072 days. Biosciences Information Service.: Philadelphia, PA, US. Visser et al., “In vitro effects of estetrol on receptor binding, drug (21) Appl. No.: 10/478,264 targets and human liver cell metabolism.” Climacteric (2008) 11(1) Appx. II: 1-5. (22) PCT Filed: May 17, 2002 Visser et al., “First human exposure to exogenous single-dose oral estetrol in early postmenopausal women.” Climacteric (2008) 11(1): (86).
    [Show full text]
  • (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,284,263 B1 Place (45) Date of Patent: Sep
    USOO6284263B1 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,284,263 B1 Place (45) Date of Patent: Sep. 4, 2001 (54) BUCCAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION IN THE 4,755,386 7/1988 Hsiao et al. TREATMENT OF FEMALE SEXUAL 4,764,378 8/1988 Keith et al.. DYSFUNCTION 4,877,774 10/1989 Pitha et al.. 5,135,752 8/1992 Snipes. 5,190,967 3/1993 Riley. (76) Inventor: Virgil A. Place, P.O. Box 44555-10 5,346,701 9/1994 Heiber et al. Ala Kahua, Kawaihae, HI (US) 96743 5,516,523 5/1996 Heiber et al. 5,543,154 8/1996 Rork et al. ........................ 424/133.1 (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 5,639,743 6/1997 Kaswan et al. patent is extended or adjusted under 35 6,180,682 1/2001 Place. U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. * cited by examiner (21) Appl. No.: 09/626,772 Primary Examiner Thurman K. Page ASSistant Examiner-Rachel M. Bennett (22) Filed: Jul. 27, 2000 (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Dianne E. Reed; Reed & Related U.S. Application Data ASSciates (62) Division of application No. 09/237,713, filed on Jan. 26, (57) ABSTRACT 1999, now Pat. No. 6,117,446. A buccal dosage unit is provided for administering a com (51) Int. Cl. ............................. A61F 13/02; A61 K9/20; bination of Steroidal active agents to a female individual. A61K 47/30 The novel buccal drug delivery Systems may be used in (52) U.S. Cl. .......................... 424/435; 424/434; 424/464; female hormone replacement therapy, in female 514/772.3 contraception, to treat female Sexual dysfunction, and to treat or prevent a variety of conditions and disorders which (58) Field of Search ....................................
    [Show full text]
  • Medical Grand Rounds USE of ESTROGENS AFTER THE
    Medical Grand Rounds USE OF ESTROGENS AFTER THE MENOPAUSE 10 July 1980 Jean D. Wilson Outline I. GENERAL REVIEWS II. ENDOCRINOLOGY OF MENOPAUSE A. Origin of estrogen before or after the menopause B. Effect of weight on estrogen formation in peripheral tissues Ill. ESTROGENS AVAILABLE FOR REPLACEMENT THERAPY IV. EFFECTS OF ESTROGENS IN THE AGING WOMAN A. Vasomotor Instability B. Urogenital Epethelium and Skin C. Atherosclerosis, Myocardial Infarction and Stroke D. Hypertension E. Thromboembolic Disease F. Gallbladder Disease G. Benign and Malignant Breast Tumors H. Endometrial Carcinoma I. Osteoporosis V. CONCLUSIONS -I- I. GENERAL REVIEWS I. Lauritzen, C.H. The female climacteric syndrome: significance, problems, treatment. Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand. ~:47-61, 1976. 2. Campbell, S., Ed. The fv1anagement of the Menopause and Post­ Menopausal Years. University Park Press, Baltimore, 1976. 3. VanKeep, P.A., R.B. Greenblatt, and M. Albeaux-Ferret. Consensus on menopausal research. University Park Press, Baltimore, 1976. 4. Gambrell, R.D., Jr. Postmenopausal bleeding. Clin. Obstet. Gynecol. ~:129-143, 1977. 5. Studd, J., S. Chakravarti, and D. Oram. The climacteric. Clin. Obstet. Gynecol. :t:3-29, 1977. 6. Shoemaker, E.S., J.P. Forney, and P.C. MacDonald. Estrogen treatment of postmenopausal women, benefits and risks. J. Amer. Med. Assoc. 138:1524, 1977. 7. Utian, W.H. Current status of menopause and postmenopausal estrogen therapy. Obstet. Gynecol. Surv. 32:193-204, 1977. 8. Greenblatt, R.B. Geriatric Endocrinology, Vol. 5, Raven Press, New York, 1978. 9. Lauritzen, C., and P.A. VanKeep. Frontiers of Hormone Research. S. Karger, Basel, Vol. 5, 1978. 10. Silverberg, S.G., and F.J.
    [Show full text]
  • WO 2008/089405 Al
    (12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (43) International Publication Date PCT (10) International Publication Number 24 July 2008 (24.07.2008) WO 2008/089405 Al (51) International Patent Classification: (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every A61K 31/56 (2006.01) kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, AO, AT,AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BR, BW, BY, BZ, CA, (21) International Application Number: CH, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, DO, DZ, EC, EE, PCT/US2008/051431 EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, KR, KZ, LA, LC, (22) International Filing Date: 18 January 2008 (18.01.2008) LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PG, PH, (25) Filing Language: English PL, PT, RO, RS, RU, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, SV, SY, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, (26) Publication Language: English ZA, ZM, ZW (30) Priority Data: (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every 60/881,528 19 January 2007 (19.01.2007) US kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, (71) Applicant (for all designated States except US): NEU- GM, KE, LS, MW, MZ, NA, SD, SL, SZ, TZ, UG, ZM, ROSCI, INC. [US/US]; 1458 Clear Brook Drive, Dayton, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, MD, RU, TJ, TM), OH 45440 (US).
    [Show full text]
  • Network-Based Characterization of Drug-Protein Interaction Signatures
    Tabei et al. BMC Systems Biology 2019, 13(Suppl 2):39 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12918-019-0691-1 RESEARCH Open Access Network-based characterization of drug-protein interaction signatures with a space-efficient approach Yasuo Tabei1*, Masaaki Kotera2, Ryusuke Sawada3 and Yoshihiro Yamanishi3,4 From The 17th Asia Pacific Bioinformatics Conference (APBC 2019) Wuhan, China. 14–16 January 2019 Abstract Background: Characterization of drug-protein interaction networks with biological features has recently become challenging in recent pharmaceutical science toward a better understanding of polypharmacology. Results: We present a novel method for systematic analyses of the underlying features characteristic of drug-protein interaction networks, which we call “drug-protein interaction signatures” from the integration of large-scale heterogeneous data of drugs and proteins. We develop a new efficient algorithm for extracting informative drug- protein interaction signatures from the integration of large-scale heterogeneous data of drugs and proteins, which is made possible by space-efficient representations for fingerprints of drug-protein pairs and sparsity-induced classifiers. Conclusions: Our method infers a set of drug-protein interaction signatures consisting of the associations between drug chemical substructures, adverse drug reactions, protein domains, biological pathways, and pathway modules. We argue the these signatures are biologically meaningful and useful for predicting unknown drug-protein interactions and are expected to contribute to rational drug design. Keywords: Drug-protein interaction prediction, Drug discovery, Large-scale prediction Background similar drugs are expected to interact with similar pro- Target proteins of drug molecules are classified into a pri- teins, with which the similarity of drugs and proteins are mary target and off-targets.
    [Show full text]
  • Federal Register / Vol. 60, No. 80 / Wednesday, April 26, 1995 / Notices DIX to the HTSUS—Continued
    20558 Federal Register / Vol. 60, No. 80 / Wednesday, April 26, 1995 / Notices DEPARMENT OF THE TREASURY Services, U.S. Customs Service, 1301 TABLE 1.ÐPHARMACEUTICAL APPEN- Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, DIX TO THE HTSUSÐContinued Customs Service D.C. 20229 at (202) 927±1060. CAS No. Pharmaceutical [T.D. 95±33] Dated: April 14, 1995. 52±78±8 ..................... NORETHANDROLONE. A. W. Tennant, 52±86±8 ..................... HALOPERIDOL. Pharmaceutical Tables 1 and 3 of the Director, Office of Laboratories and Scientific 52±88±0 ..................... ATROPINE METHONITRATE. HTSUS 52±90±4 ..................... CYSTEINE. Services. 53±03±2 ..................... PREDNISONE. 53±06±5 ..................... CORTISONE. AGENCY: Customs Service, Department TABLE 1.ÐPHARMACEUTICAL 53±10±1 ..................... HYDROXYDIONE SODIUM SUCCI- of the Treasury. NATE. APPENDIX TO THE HTSUS 53±16±7 ..................... ESTRONE. ACTION: Listing of the products found in 53±18±9 ..................... BIETASERPINE. Table 1 and Table 3 of the CAS No. Pharmaceutical 53±19±0 ..................... MITOTANE. 53±31±6 ..................... MEDIBAZINE. Pharmaceutical Appendix to the N/A ............................. ACTAGARDIN. 53±33±8 ..................... PARAMETHASONE. Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the N/A ............................. ARDACIN. 53±34±9 ..................... FLUPREDNISOLONE. N/A ............................. BICIROMAB. 53±39±4 ..................... OXANDROLONE. United States of America in Chemical N/A ............................. CELUCLORAL. 53±43±0
    [Show full text]
  • Estriol: Safety and Efficacy
    Estriol: Safety and Efficacy by Kathleen A. Head, N.D. Abstract While conventional hormone replacement therapy provides certain benefits, it is not without significant risks. Estriol has been found to provide some of the protection without the risks associated with stronger estrogens. Depending upon the situation, estriol may exert either agonistic or antagonistic effects on estrogen. Estriol appears to be effective at controlling symptoms of menopause, including hot flashes, insomnia, vaginal dryness, and frequent urinary tract infections. Results of research on its bone- density-maintaining effects have been contradictory, with the most promising results coming from Japanese studies. Estriol’s effect on cardiac risk factors has also been somewhat equivocal; however, unlike conventional estrogen prescriptions, it does not seem to contribute to hypertension. Although estriol appears to be much safer than estrone or estradiol, its continuous use in high doses may have a stimulatory effect on both breast and endometrial tissue. (Alt Med Rev 1998;3(2):101-113) Introduction A significant problem facing peri- and postmenopausal women, as well as their healthcare practitioners, is determining what approach to take regarding hormone replacement. There are many options, ranging from no intervention at all to conventional hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Approaches which lie somewhere in between involve the use of herbal and nutritional approaches or the use of “friendlier” more gentle hormone replacement regimes than those typically prescribed. One of the hormones which has been virtually ignored by conventional medicine but which shows some promise of effectiveness without as many side-effects is es- triol. Its use is increasing in popularity, prescribed either alone or in the form of triple estrogen (80% estriol, 10% estrone, 10% estradiol).
    [Show full text]
  • Hormone Replacement Therapy Part I: Prescribing HRT-Recent Trends
    Hormone Replacement Therapy Part I: Prescribing HRT -Recent Trends Page 1 of 13 Hormone Replacement Therapy Part I: Prescribing HRT-Recent Trends Select a Speciality Dr Neerja Goel,Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Guru Teg Gynaecology Bahadur Hospital, Delhi Ask Indegene With the steady increase in life expectancy of women in India (62.5 years), a majority of them survive an age well past the menopause. Presently about 60 million of the Discussions population of India are women aged 55 years and over. The menopause constitutes a Notice Board watershed in a woman‘s life with average age of reaching it 47.5 years. The Journal Scan postmenopausal period is associated with a significant increase in the incidence of age Conferences related health hazards like diabetes and hypertension along with estrogen deprivation Online Library effects. In the short term these falling estrogen levels commonly result in a spectrum of Medico-Legal Cases unpleasant symptoms such as hot flushes, night sweats, sleep disturbances, vaginal dryness and depression. In the long term absolute estrogen deficiency leads to generalized atrophy of the skin, decrease in lean body mass, an accelerated rate of bone loss from the skeleton producing osteoporosis and a rapid increase in the incidence of coronary heart disease . Table 1 . Acute and Chronic sequelae of menopause Duration System Symptoms/Disease Hot flushes, night sweats, insomnia, mood changes, Acute Neuroendocrine anxiety, irritability, loss of memory and concentration Genital tract atrophy, Lower urogenital Menstruation stops dyspareunia, loss of libido, tract urethral syndrome Coronary heart disease, Arterial Chronic thrombosis Skeletal Osteoporosis Each of these adverse sequelae could potentially be reversed by Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) and the process of aging could be arrested to some extent.
    [Show full text]
  • Stembook 2018.Pdf
    The use of stems in the selection of International Nonproprietary Names (INN) for pharmaceutical substances FORMER DOCUMENT NUMBER: WHO/PHARM S/NOM 15 WHO/EMP/RHT/TSN/2018.1 © World Health Organization 2018 Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo). Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes, provided the work is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that WHO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the WHO logo is not permitted. If you adapt the work, then you must license your work under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If you create a translation of this work, you should add the following disclaimer along with the suggested citation: “This translation was not created by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the binding and authentic edition”. Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance with the mediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization. Suggested citation. The use of stems in the selection of International Nonproprietary Names (INN) for pharmaceutical substances. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018 (WHO/EMP/RHT/TSN/2018.1). Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) data.
    [Show full text]
  • Pharmacology of Estrogens and Progestogens: Influence of Different Routes of Administration
    CLIMACTERIC 2005;8(Suppl 1):3–63 Pharmacology of estrogens and progestogens: influence of different routes of administration H. Kuhl Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, J. W. Goethe University of Frankfurt, Germany Key words: ESTROGENS, PROGESTOGENS, PHARMACOKINETICS, PHARMACODYNAMICS, HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY ABSTRACT This review comprises the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of natural and synthetic estrogens and progestogens used in contraception and therapy, with special consideration of hormone replacement therapy. The paper describes the mechanisms of action, the relation between structure and hormonal activity, differences in hormonal pattern and potency, peculiarities in the properties of certain steroids, tissue-specific effects, and the metabolism of the available estrogens and progestogens. The influence of the route of administration on pharmacokinetics, hormonal activity and metabolism is presented, and the effects of oral and transdermal treatment with estrogens on tissues, clinical and serum parameters are compared. The effects of oral, transdermal (patch and gel), intranasal, sublingual, buccal, vaginal, subcutaneous and intramuscular adminis- tration of estrogens, as well as of oral, vaginal, transdermal, intranasal, buccal, intramuscular and intrauterine application of progestogens are discussed. The various types of progestogens, their receptor interaction, hormonal pattern and the hormonal activity of certain metabolites are described in detail. The structural formulae, serum concentrations, binding affinities to steroid receptors and serum binding globulins, and the relative potencies of the available estrogens and progestins are presented. Differences in the tissue-specific effects of the various compounds and regimens and their potential implications with the risks and benefits of hormone replacement therapy are discussed. INTRODUCTION The aim of any hormonal treatment of postmen- tance of pharmacological knowledge for an opausal women is not to restore the physiological optimal use of hormone therapy.
    [Show full text]
  • Estriol; the ‘Good’ Estrogen Advances and Updates in Its Clinical Uses
    Estriol; the ‘Good’ Estrogen Advances and Updates in its Clinical Uses Erin Lommen, NDa ©2013, Erin Lommen, ND Jay H Mead, MDb Journal Compilation ©2013, AARM DOI 10.14200/jrm.2013.2.0103 ABSTRACT Estriol, coined the “weaker” of the three endogenous estrogens, has significant therapeutic effects, some of which are little known to clinicians. Estriol provides numerous clinical benefits, commanding the attention of researchers dating as far back as 1966 and continues to garner substantial consideration as a valuable and viable therapeutic agent. Some of the most common and effective treatments that employ estriol include: hot flashes, insomnia, skin enhancement, vaginal atrophy and reduced frequency of urinary tract infections. Most recently, estriol has shown the potential to treat individuals with Th1-mediated autoimmune illnesses, including multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. This review article will update the clinical effects and benefits of estriol and further clarify the documented advances which support the substantial therapeutic benefits of estriol for autoimmune conditions. The availability of compounded estriol preparations will also be addressed. Keywords: Cytokines; Dendritic cells; Estriol; Menopause; Multiple sclerosis; Rheumatoid arthritis; Th1 autoimmunity a Corresponding author: Labrix Clinical Services, 16255 SE 130th Avenue, Clackamas OR 97015, USA, Tel.: 503-656-9596; Fax: 503-656-9756; Cell: 503-516-4741, E-mail: [email protected] b Labrix Clinical Services, 16255 SE 130th Avenue, Clackamas OR 97015, USA Journal of Restorative Medicine 2013; 2: page 45 Estriol; the ‘Good’ Estrogen INTRODUCTION Due to the well-known and documented risks naturally occurring estrogens in women: estrone (E1), associated with estradiol (E2), estriol (E3) has long E2, and E3.8 The developing follicles in the ovaries piqued the interest of researchers and clinicians.1 For are responsible for producing the majority of the estro- decades, E3 has proven its efficacy in the success- gens.
    [Show full text]