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Language Politics and State Policy in Nepal: a Newar Perspective
Language Politics and State Policy in Nepal: A Newar Perspective A Dissertation Submitted to the University of Tsukuba In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in International Public Policy Suwarn VAJRACHARYA 2014 To my mother, who taught me the value in a mother tongue and my father, who shared the virtue of empathy. ii Map-1: Original Nepal (Constituted of 12 districts) and Present Nepal iii Map-2: Nepal Mandala (Original Nepal demarcated by Mandalas) iv Map-3: Gorkha Nepal Expansion (1795-1816) v Map-4: Present Nepal by Ecological Zones (Mountain, Hill and Tarai zones) vi Map-5: Nepal by Language Families vii TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents viii List of Maps and Tables xiv Acknowledgements xv Acronyms and Abbreviations xix INTRODUCTION Research Objectives 1 Research Background 2 Research Questions 5 Research Methodology 5 Significance of the Study 6 Organization of Study 7 PART I NATIONALISM AND LANGUAGE POLITICS: VICTIMS OF HISTORY 10 CHAPTER ONE NEPAL: A REFLECTION OF UNITY IN DIVERSITY 1.1. Topography: A Unique Variety 11 1.2. Cultural Pluralism 13 1.3. Religiousness of People and the State 16 1.4. Linguistic Reality, ‘Official’ and ‘National’ Languages 17 CHAPTER TWO THE NEWAR: AN ACCOUNT OF AUTHORS & VICTIMS OF THEIR HISTORY 2.1. The Newar as Authors of their history 24 2.1.1. Definition of Nepal and Newar 25 2.1.2. Nepal Mandala and Nepal 27 Territory of Nepal Mandala 28 viii 2.1.3. The Newar as a Nation: Conglomeration of Diverse People 29 2.1.4. -
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FORTNIGHTLY Notes From The Editor Vol.: 11, No.-04, September 08 2017 (Bhadra.23.2074) Price: NRs. 100 Although the preservation work on heritage sites from Lichchhavi and Malla periods is slowly picking up, the heritage sites, monuments and temples built Editor and Publisher after the unification of Nepal are under a Keshab Poudel demolition drive. If the present pace of demolition Associate Editor and destruction continues, there will nothing left Abijit Sharma of the monuments from the time of Nepal's unification. While the heritage sites of the last 240 Photographer Sandesh Manandhar years were systematically being demolished, the process accelerated following the earthquakes of Contributor Sabine Pretsch 2015. It is very unfortunate that the government and elected representatives, supposed to work in the Cover Design/Layout Laxman Gautam, 9860795564 preservation of the heritage sites, are encouraging demolition and helping erase every trace of history Marketing Manager of modern Nepal. At a time when the government's Madan Raj Poudel Tel: 9841320517 own institutions are unable to start the reconstruction of the heritage sites, Kathmandu Nabin Kumar Maharjan Tel: 9841291404 Valley Preservation Trust, a small locally registered body, has shown a way do justice to history. With Editorial Office Kathmandu, Nepal support from national, international, government, Tel: 977-1-4430250 non-government and local institutions and E-mail communities, KVPT has completed the main [email protected] P.O.Box: 7256 portion of the Patan Durbar Square. Given the wave Website of demolition, KVPT's move is inspirational. Thus, www.spotlightnepal.com we have decided to cover the recent reconstruction Kathmandu DAO Regd. -
SIKH HERITAGE of NEPAL Kathmandu, Nepal EMBASSY of INDIA B.P
SIKH HERITAGE OF NEPAL SIKH HERI TAGE OF NEPAL B.P. Koirala India-Nepal Foundation EMBASSY OF INDIA Kathmandu, Nepal Gurdwara Guru Nanak Satsang, Kupondol, Kathmandu TABLE OF CONTENTS 04 • Foreword 07 • Prologue PART 1 SIKH HERITAGE OF NEPAL 12 • Guru Nanak Dev Ji’s visit to Nepal 18 • Other Forgotten Shrines of Kathmandu 26 • Maharaja Ranjit Singh meets Amar Singh in Kangra 27 • Maharani Jind Kaur’s stay in Nepal PART 2 SIKHS OF NEPAL 30 • Sikhs of Nepalgunj 32 • A Uniform Dream 35 • Sikhs of Birgunj 36 • Sikhs of Krishnanagar 38 • Sikhs of Kathmandu 38 • Pioneers in Engineering : Father-Son Engineers 40 • Trucks on Tribhuvan Highway : The Pioneers in transport 44 • Taste of Punjab 45 • Educating Young Minds 46 • Blending Kashmir and Kathmandu: A Style Guru 48 • Embracing Sikhism : The Story of Gurbakash Singh 50 • Gurdwara Guru Nanak Satsang Kupondole Kathmandu 56 • Sangat at Kupondole 70 • Langar at Kupondole 76 • 2015 Earthquake : Sikhs for Humanity 77 • Sikh Commemorative Coins issued by Nepal FOREWORD The 550th birth anniversary of Guru Nanak Dev Ji provides us a special reason to celebrate the Sikh Sardar Surjit Singh Majithia, a Sikh, was the first Ambassador of India to Nepal and established Heritage of Nepal. the Embassy in 1947. His arrival and departure, by aero-plane, saw the first uses of Gauchar in Kathmandu as a landing strip. It is now Tribhuvan International Airport. Guru Nanak Dev Ji travelled through Nepal as part of his Udasis. Nanak Math in the Balaju area of Kathmandu has a peepal tree under which he is said to have meditated. -
Rama S. Lohani-Chase ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
[2008] Rama S. Lohani-Chase ALL RIGHTS RESERVED WOMEN AND GENDER IN THE MAOIST PEOPLE’S WAR IN NEPAL: MILITARISM AND DISLOCATION by RAMA S. LOHANI-CHASE A dissertation submitted to the Graduate School-New Brunswick Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Program in Women’s and Gender Studies Written under the direction of Prof. Elizabeth Grosz And approved by ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ New Brunswick, New Jersey May, 2008 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION WOMEN AND GENDER IN THE MAOIST PEOPLE’S WAR IN NEPAL: MILITARISM AND DISLOCATION By RAMA S. LOHANI-CHASE Dissertation Director: Professor Elizabeth Grosz This dissertation explores changing gender dynamics during crisis and armed conflict to see how global/transnational movements of people, labor, and capital impact the appropriation and production of gender at the local level. The decade long (1996-2006) “People’s War” in Nepal produced three key processes -- militarization, displacement, and altered embodiments of gender -- that impacted Nepali women and society. Through a study of women’s position in Nepali political and cultural history and multi-sited ethnographic research on the People’s War, the dissertation examines how crisis induced displacement and violence impacted and shaped gender dynamics at the local level and Nepali people’s mobility at the transnational/global level. The latter has enabled the concept of a “Nepali diaspora” to be more visible and political, which is a strategy of survival appropriated by the globally dispersed Nepalis as their homeland reels under crisis and violence and as Nepalis continue to leave for work as migrant laborers.