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The University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire A
THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-EAU CLAIRE “Building an Empire: How Gustavus Adolphus Carried Sweden to the Forefront of European Politics” A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF ARTS DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY BY CLARK A. FREDRICKSON EAU CLAIRE, WISCONSIN MAY 2011 Copyright for this work is owned by the author. This digital version is published by McIntyre Library, University of Wisconsin Eau Claire with the consent of the author. CONTENTS LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS iii ABSTRACT iv Introduction 1 1. A Vasa King 5 2. Gustavus Adolphus as a Young Ruler 8 3. The Threat of War 10 4. The Search for a Queen 13 5. Beginnings of Thirty Years’ War 15 6. The Polish Conflict, Continued 17 7. The Failure of a Swedish Protestant League 18 8. Danish Intervention in the Thirty Years’ War 21 9. A Swedish King in a Foreign Land 23 10. Destruction at Magdeburg 26 11. Victory at Breitenfeld 30 12. Death at Lützen 33 13. Aftermath 34 Conclusion 35 Bibliography 36 Appendix 41 ii ILLUSTRATIONS Figures: 1. Gustav Vasa 5 2. Gustavus Adolphus 8 3. Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg 14 5. 1630 Dresden Broadside 40 6. Swedish Intervention in Germany, 1630-1632 41 7. Thirty Years’ War, 1618-1648 42 8. Battle of Breitenfeld, Opening Attacks 43 9. Battle of Breitenfeld, Swedish Annihilation 43 10. Battle of Lützen, Main Formations 44 iii ABSTRACT This paper seeks to examine the political, religious and diplomatic impact of Gustavus Adolphus during his reign as King of Sweden (1611-1632). -
Provenance, Form and Value of Serpentine at Skokloster Castle Greger Sundin
For Princes or Maids? - Provenance, form and value of serpentine at Skokloster castle Greger Sundin To cite this version: Greger Sundin. For Princes or Maids? - Provenance, form and value of serpentine at Skokloster castle. 2011. hprints-00556194 HAL Id: hprints-00556194 https://hal-hprints.archives-ouvertes.fr/hprints-00556194 Preprint submitted on 15 Jan 2011 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. For Princes or Maids? Provenance, form and value of serpentine at Skokloster castle Greger Sundin Konstvetenskapliga institutionen vid Stockholms universitet HT 2010 ABSTRACT Department: Department of Art History at Stockholm University Address: Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm Phone nr: +46 (0)8 16 20 00 Tutor: Dr Mårten Snickare, Department of Art History Title: For Princes or Maids? Provenance, form and value of serpentine at Skokloster castle Author: Greger Sundin Salagatan 40b S-753 26 Uppsala Sweden E-mail: [email protected] Web: http://www.gregersundin.se Semester: Autumn 2010 Level: Bachelor Master (1 year) Master (2 years) Licentiate Doctoral Skokloster castle, Sweden, houses a group of more than fifty objects in serpentine stone, acquired during the 17th century. The group is generally called Wrangels fältservis [Wrangel’s field service], referring to field marshall Carl Gustaf Wrangel (1613-1676). -
History of the Life of Gustavus Adolphus II., the Hero-General of the Reformation
History of the Life of Gustavus Adolphus II., the Hero-General of the Reformation By Harriet Earhart Monroe CHAPTER I. FAMILY. Gustavus Adolphus, the hero general of the Reformation, was born at the royal palace at Stockholm, Sweden, December 9th, 1594, a little more than one hundred years after the birth of Luther, nearly fifty years after his death, and five years before the birth of Cromwell. Washington and Lincoln, as to date of birth, were only seventy-seven years apart; had Washington lived but nine years more, they would have been contemporary. Washington may, in a sense, be said to have made this country, and Lincoln to have preserved it a united people. Just so Luther brought about the movement known as Protestantism, but it was given to this great king of Sweden, known as the Lion of the North, to preserve Protestantism from extinction on the continent of Europe, even as a little later it was given Cromwell to stop that curious movement toward Romanism which is even yet the puzzle of the historian. Gustavus II. was the son of Charles, Duke of Sudermania, youngest son of Gustavus Vasa, who may be considered the founder of the Vasa family. 8During the entire sixteenth century Sweden was torn by external wars and internal dissensions. Sweden, by the contract of Calmar, in 1397, had become a dependency of Denmark. A trade among rulers had made a brave people the reluctant subjects of an alien power. Gustavus Vasa conceived the project of freeing his country from Denmark. He made one ineffectual attempt, and after severe defeat, pursued by the oppressors, he fled to Delecarlia, whose citizens rallied about him, and, with the help of these sturdy and valiant mountaineers, the Danes were expelled from Sweden and his country was restored to liberty. -
Tycho Brahe Family, Work and Legacy
Tycho Brahe family, work and legacy PDF generated using the open source mwlib toolkit see http://code.pediapress.com/ for more information Tycho Brahe 2 Tycho Brahe Tycho Ottesen Brahe Born 14 December 1546 Knutstorp Castle, Scania, then Denmark, today Sweden Died 24 October 1601 (aged 54) Prague Nationality Danish Education Private Occupation Nobleman, Astronomer Spouse(s) Kirstine Barbara Jørgensdatter Children 8 Parents → Otte Brahe and Beate Bille Tycho Brahe, born Tyge Ottesen Brahe (14 December 1546 – 24 October 1601), was a Danish nobleman known for his accurate and comprehensive astronomical and planetary observations. Coming from Scania, then part of Denmark, now part of modern-day Sweden, Brahe was well known in his lifetime as an astronomer and alchemist. The Latinized name "Tycho Brahe" is usually pronounced /ˈtaɪkoʊ ˈbrɑː/ or /ˈbrɑːhi/ in English. The original Danish name "Tyge Ottesen Brahe" is Monument of Tycho Brahe and pronounced in Modern Standard Danish as [ˈtˢyːə Johannes Kepler in Prague ˈʌd̥əsn̩ ˈb̥ʁɑː]. Tycho Brahe was granted an estate on the island of Hven and the funding to build the → Uraniborg, an early research institute, where he built large astronomical instruments and took many careful measurements. After disagreements with the new king in 1597, he was invited by the Czech king and Holy Roman emperor Rudolph II to Prague, where he became Tycho Brahe 3 the official imperial astronomer. He built the new observatory at Benátky nad Jizerou. Here, from 1600 until his death in 1601, he was assisted by Johannes Kepler. Kepler would later use Tycho's astronomical information to develop his own theories of astronomy. -
The Gentle Art of Counselling Monarchs (1560–1655)
This is an electronic reprint of the original article. This reprint may differ from the original in pagination and typographic detail. Author(s): Hakanen, Marko; Koskinen, Ulla Title: The Gentle Art of Counselling Monarchs (1560-1655) Year: 2017 Version: Please cite the original version: Hakanen, M., & Koskinen, U. (2017). The Gentle Art of Counselling Monarchs (1560- 1655). In P. Karonen, & M. Hakanen (Eds.), Personal Agency at the Swedish Age of Greatness 1560-1720 (pp. 47-81). Studia Fennica Historica, 23. Helsinki, Finland: Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura. doi:10.21435/sfh.23 All material supplied via JYX is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, and duplication or sale of all or part of any of the repository collections is not permitted, except that material may be duplicated by you for your research use or educational purposes in electronic or print form. You must obtain permission for any other use. Electronic or print copies may not be offered, whether for sale or otherwise to anyone who is not an authorised user. Marko Hakanen http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4214-960X Ulla Koskinen http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3430-9810 The Gentle Art of Counselling Monarchs (1560–1655) he Council of the Realm (riksrådet) was an aristocratic institution T positioned at the heart of the centralized power structure in Sweden along with the king and the Diet. Consequently, political structures and events related to it have been well studied in historical research. Nevertheless, contrary to what many might believe, the personal political agency of those on the Council had not always been so extensive.