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Swan Lake Ecosystem Management Plan

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Swan Lake Ecosystem Management Plan Swan Lake Adapve Ecosystem Management Plan 6. Adjust 2. Design 3. Implement Completed for Swan Lake Christmas Hill Nature Sanctuary By Lise Townsend (M.Sc., R.P.Bio) May 2010 Revised October 2010 Acknowledgements This Plan was contracted and funded by Swan Lake Christmas Hill Nature Sanctuary. The author thanks the Sanctuary staff, especially Terry Morrison and June Pretzer, for their support and collaboraon throughout the project. The author and Sanctuary staff are grateful to the Municipality of Saanich for funding provided for the limnology workshop, staff involvement and contribuon of GIS data; and for the generous me contributed by the volunteer advisory commiee and dialogue parcipants, whose experse and insights provided an invaluable depth to this Plan: • Lehna Malmkvist, Swell Environmental Consulng Ltd., SLCHNS Board Member, SLCHNS Ecosystem Commiee Member • Jody Watson, CRD Harbours and Watersheds Coordinator, SLCHNS Board Chair, SLCHNS Ecosystem Commiee Member • James Miskelly, Victoria Natural History Society, SLCHNS Board Member, SLCHNS Ecosystem Commiee Member • Kevin Brown, SLCHNS board member, SLCHNS Ecosystem Commiee Member • Keith R. Jones, Innovaon Expedion Consulng Ltd. • Brian Nyberg, Nyberg Wildland Consulng • Dave Murray, Kerr Wood Leidal and Associates Ltd. • Don Eastman, University of Victoria • Chrisan Engelsto • Dave Polster, Polster Environmental Services Ltd. • Patrick Lucey, Aqua‐Tex Scienfic Consulng Ltd. • Cori Barraclough, Aqua‐Tex Scienfic Consulng Ltd. • Richard Hebda, Royal BC Museum • Michael Roth, District of Saanich • Chris Bartle, Quadra Cedar Hill Community Associaon • Rick Nordin • Ken Ashley, Ken Ashley and Associates Ltd. • Kevin Reiberger, Ministry of Environment, Water Stewardship Division • Taylor Davis, Terra Remote Sensing Ltd. • Bruce Bevan, Esquimalt Anglers' Associaon • Larry Bomford, Rainbow Ratepayers' Associaon • Val Schaefer, University of Victoria, Restoraon of Natural Systems program • Daniel Hegg • Amy Medve • Ian Cruickshank • Chris Saunders • Ray Travers • Edward Wiebe • Amandine Gal Swan Lake ca. 1920s; Saanich Archives (Girling Collecon 2008‐025‐397) Executve Summary Introducton Over the span of 150 years of urban development, Swan Lake and adjacent ecosystems have experienced a loss of ecosystem health and services. Yet the site is stll a valuable amenity, providing habitat for a wide diversity of wildlife and social and educatonal experiences for people. This management plan were therefore contracted by Swan Lake Christmas Hill Nature Sanctuary, to guide overall eforts and prescribe an inital set of ecosystem restoraton actons and priorites. An interdisciplinary and collaboratve approach was adopted, involving a series of workshops and iteratve feedback documents. The purpose of the Swan Lake Adaptve Ecosystem Management Plan is to restore Swan Lake (including its drainage basin) to a proper functoning conditon, in a manner that enhances the community’s quality of life and builds social cohesion and support. Terms of Reference for the Plan were: 1. Develop Vision, Goals and Table of Contents (an interim deliverable) 2. Compile background informaton 3. Incorporate interdisciplinary consultaton 4. Provide a gap analysis of informaton lacking for efectve management and restoraton actons 5. Draf an Implementaton Plan including actons, monitoring strategies, general budgetary consideratons and potental partnerships. 6. Draf a Management Plan Report including the above items. Physical-Social-Ecological Context The Swan Lake site is 48 hectares in size, and the lake itself is 9 hectares in size. The watershed (drainage basin) feeding Swan Lake is 12km2 in size and stretches north to include the Blenkinsop Valley, and connects with Colquitz Creek, a salmon-bearing stream, to the west. Salmon also spawn in the lower reaches of Swan Creek but are not usually found in Swan Lake due to poor habitat and degraded water quality. In the early 1900s, Swan Lake supported trout (and likely salmon) and was popular for swimming, indicatng it had relatvely clear and oxygen- rich water. The wetlands around the lake consisted of woody thickets and a diverse community of sedge, catail and skunk cabbage in the understory and in openings. Practcally all the lands in the Sanctuary were eventually cleared for agriculture, and farmed untl 1975 when Swan Lake Christmas Hill Nature Sanctuary was formed. Today the wetlands are dominated by invasive reed canarygrass, though some natve shrub thickets remain. Swan Lake watershed is approximately 25% impervious, causing high-energy fows in Blenkinsop Creek and highly unnatural (variable and reactve) changes in water levels in the lake. Overall, the ecosystems are characterised by extensive invasive species, a simplifed vegetaton community, i poor water quality and altered hydrology. Despite these problems, the Sanctuary provides habitat for a large number of species, including the endangered Western Painted Turtle, a variety of mammals and over 200 species of birds. Social values provided by the Sanctuary include ecosystem services such as carbon sequestraton and air polluton removal, educaton, community service opportunites, recreaton and research partnerships. Management Plan Overview The Ecosystem Management Plan includes a 5 to 10 year planning horizon, at which point it is to be reviewed and revised, although some goals and objectves extend beyond this tme. The vision for Swan Lake in 2050 is: Swan Lake is an oasis in an urban environment, where natve plants and animals fourish, and people enjoy and learn about nature and their place within it; located near the heart of Greater Victoria, the site helps to foster stewardship of ecosystems near and far. A technical vision statement was also artculated, describing a number of desired social- ecological atributes and including defnitons of key terms used, such as ecosystem health, resilience and adaptve management. Six management goals were stated for Swan Lake: • Goal 1: Manage ecosystems at the site scale to preserve and restore natural processes and functon, and to enable resilience to disturbance (including climate change). • Goal 2: Work with municipal managers, developers and major landowners in the watershed to implement watershed policies and practces to improve hydrology and water quality. • Goal 3: Engage local public, politcians and businesses in protecton, stewardship and restoraton of Swan Lake and associated ecosystems. • Goal 4: Provide opportunites and resources for learning and educaton. • Goal 5: Support and engage in research, and efectvely manage/archive data, that contributes to beter understanding of Swan Lake and the surrounding watershed, and connectons with local and regional health and sustainability. • Goal 6: Provide opportunites for people of all ages and abilites to enjoy a healthy and safe environment in a manner that supports other management goals. Implementaton of the plan is based on the four guiding principles of Ecosystem-based Management, linked social-ecological systems, social-ecological resilience and adaptve management. The plan is structured around and depicted with a system model representng key threats and factors afectng the main ecosystems in the Sanctuary. This provides a useful way to represent and understand critcal concerns and opportunites for management. The steps followed in this process were based on the Conservaton Measures Partnership (2007) methodology and ii included the following components: 1. Management targets were defned (what the plan is focused on managing). These entailed: terrestrial ecosystems; watercourses; wetlands; lake; and visitor and staf experience. 2. Ecosystem goals were artculated for each Target, to describe its desired future conditon, such as healthy vegetaton, soils and wildlife appropriate to each 3. Key direct threats (or opportunites) and contributng factors infuencing the targets were outlined, and depicted in the system model in an interlinked diagram. The direct threats/opportunites outlined were: • Opportunites for learning and enjoyment; • Undesirable actvites on site (from humans and pets); • Vegetaton clearing in the watershed; • Impervious surfaces; • Nutrient and pollutant infows via streams and runof; • Invasive species • Local efects of climate change. 4. The system model diagram was used as a basis for drafing strategies to address the threats and related factors. 13 Strategies were thus outlined, addressing problems at both the site and watershed scale, as summarised in Table 1. 5. Objectves and Actons were then drafed for each strategy. Some strategies, partcularly those addressing larger (watershed-) scale factors, will require additonal work to artculate more detailed strategies and actons. In this plan, site-scale strategies were the main focus. Three site-level Strategies were the focus of the majority of the work of the planning team: Invasive Species Control (S8); Lake Rehabilitaton (S9); and Ecosystem Restoraton (S10). The Lake Rehabilitaton strategy was addressed with a limnology workshop that included the input of several local lake experts. A number of possible techniques were reviewed to address the extremely high nutrient status of Swan Lake that causes seasonal algae blooms and limits biodiversity. The techniques reviewed include dredging, aeraton and sediment binding, some of which may be appropriate for Swan Lake, however watershed protecton and management is key to the success of any of these site level interventons, since both internal nutrient loading (recycling of phosphorus from
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