MIRAGES OF THE PAST

Appreciating Bangalore Through Speculative Histories Diploma Project Documentation Surasti Kaur Puri

1 MIRAGES OF THE PAST Appreciating Bangalore Through Speculative Histories

2 3 MIRAGES OF THE PAST Appreciating Bangalore Through Speculative Histories Typeface used Brandon Grotesque, 12 point Printed at Diploma Project Documentation PrintXpress Bangalore Surasti Kaur Puri Paper Used Natural Evolution, 100 gsm July - December 2013 Designed by Srishti School of Art, Design and Technology Surasti Kaur Puri

4 5 Writing Stories 66

PART THREE EXPLORATION Moodboards 68 Style Exploration 72 Finalizing Medium 89 CONTENTS Stencils 93 Color 101 Re-Working Scans 106 PART ONE Layout 110 PROJECT PROPOSAL Typeface 112 Aim 8 Legends 113 The Design Brief 9 Research Questions 12 PART FOUR CONTENTS Approach/Process 14 FINAL MAPS 117 Learning Outcome 16 PART FIVE PART TWO END RESEARCH Acknowledgments 125 Bangalore History 26 Sources 127 Alternate Timelines 30 The Reasoning 32 Modern Bangalore 34 British Bangalore 38 French Bangalore 42 Understanding Maps 46 Things to Consider 48 Creating the Maps 50 The Labelling 64

6 7 PART ONE

PROJECT PROPOSAL

8 9 BLVR: It’s an argument, like you said. DW: It sure as hell is. Maps are just nude pictures of reality, so they don’t look like arguments, they look like, “Oh my god, that’s the real world.”That’s one of the places where they get their kick-ass authority. Because we’re all raised in this AIM THE DESIGN BRIEF culture of, if you want to know what the longest river in the world is, look it up in an encyclopedia; and if you want to know Creating ‘What if’ scenarios of Every place has a past, each city a where some place is, go to an atlas. These possible trajectories Bangalore history and each one of us has born are all reference works and they speak history could have taken and and grown up in the context of the “the truth.” When you realize in the end creating a fictional world and a environment we live in. With this that they’re all arguments, you realize this guide to that world. understanding, histories of cities seem is the way culture gets reproduced. Little overlooked. When I travel I tend to kids go to these things and learn these These maps are completely unnecessary. bring back a map of whichever city I things and take them on, and they take The world didn’t ask for them. They aid happened to visit, and after that point, them on as “this is the way the no navigation or civic-minded purpose. after returning, that map becomes a world is.” They’re just for pleasure. They laugh at souvenir, a tangible piece that excites Denis Wood in an interview with the stupid Google map I consult five my memory. A map is something that Believer Magazine. times a day on my phone. They laugh fulfills not only function but creates a at what a square that map is. At its desire to discover and explore. It also small-mindedness. They know it’s a sad, is a tangible form of a city, which workaholic salaryman. extends beyond regular social hierarchy, Ira Glass on Denis Wood’s new book much like a phone directory, its a “Everything Sings” singular source of information that requires you to return to it time and again and caters to an audience not limited by access to technology.

10 11 Cartography is the study and practice on the basis of its unique new culture One of the powers of maps: to make of making maps, combining research, and IT boom. It has been forgotten for graphic, and at some level unarguable - technique and aesthetics, it builds a its gardens and lakes. Its history has some correlative truth. We all knew that representation of a city or place to been limited to the twentieth century people go to and from work. But to lay communicate information spatially. and late nineteenth century, beyond the two things together reveals something By connecting history with a cities which it has been deemed irrelevant. horrible. spatial development, It allows one to But bangalore once was geographically Denis Wood get a basic understanding of that areas important for dynasties and empires, historical importance, transition and for the ancient Indians and the colonial development over hundreds of years. British. What if there were different A map might show you a city you know outcomes for each war, each dynasty? nothing about, and you wander through How can one revisit the past, by a mere the city, ignoring street names and image, and a series of words, how can a house numbers, its the experience. The map bring out a fantastical experience, purpose of the map becomes limited by and tell a story about cities that were, its function as well, it can be used when and people that lived? you need and know where to go, when you need the information it might have, I have always been intrigued by but how can the map be more than its histories of cities and how they shape labels and directions? different trajectories of its growth, and it feels almost immoral for that to be The words are so taken for granted that not only disguised by development, they become melted onto the landscape but to be forgotten entirely. like cheese onto bread in a frying pan, History is what shapes us and has for and then people can’t take them apart generations. Information might be anymore. available, but is seldom accessible. A Denis Wood map gives the graphics and the words but to combine the two is what A city like Bangalore, a growing makes the viewer connect with that *Denis Wood is an artist, author, cartographer and a former professor of Design at North metropolis, whose popularity has spread piece of paper. Carolina State University.

12 13 developed and promoted? 14. What is the user experience I am aiming for? ETHICAL / PERSONAL 15. How do I distinguish it from 5. How can I connect personally to a regular mapping techniques / city and use that information to create visual approach and fantastical stories a product that provides information and that work with maps (Lord of the Rings, an experience, and is appreciated by an Narnia). RESEARCH QUESTIONS external audience? 6. How can I justify my traditional use of print medium over its digital CULTURAL / CONTEXTUAL / counterparts? HISTORICAL 7. How can I make this project 1. What is the significance of functional and layered without Bangalore’s history? superficial understandings and 2. How and what history has shaped assumptions? modern day Bangalore? 8. How will this project stand in an 3. How was Bangalore a larger part of already existing sea of maps? different dynasties/empires? 9. How do I distinguish between 4. How do I pick up the key moments experience and function? Can they in Bangalore’s history and form fictional work in conjunction? alternative outcomes that would create 10. Will this become an elitist project? a new modern day bangalore. How do I avoid that? 11. How do I create a guidebook about TARGET AUDIENCE a fictional universe that is so rooted in 1. Who is this project aimed at? the past of Bangalore, yet make it seem 2. How is it beneficial to their already believable and experiential. existing lifestyles? 12. How can each alternative scenario 3. How can I make my research seem plausible? interactive and intriguing and? 13. How can a map be significant in 4. How can this project be further graphically showing a fictional universe?

14 15 and who can guide me through my personalize a piece of print. research. 3. How can I have additional 5. Visiting Bangalore archives and merchandize based on this product? collecting information from old maps 4. Exploring a possibility for a digital and other documents. version based on this product. 5. Also experimenting with paper, print, TARGET AUDIENCE and scale to finalize what would be the APPROACH / PROCESS Material research that would help me MATERIAL most optimum execution. understand my audience. 1. Photographs of sites. The first step would be to define the 2. Interviews for forming and During the entire research period I key moments I would like to work with, understanding a target audience would be exploring and experimenting and then assimilate information, maps, (primary and secondary). with: images from that time period and/or 3. Iterative sketches and graphics. 1. Layering / Print options. cities that might have gone through a 2. Exploring typography. similar process. EDITING AND APPLICATION 3. Exploring illustration styles. 1. Editing the stories and converting it 4. Forming color palettes for different CREATING CONTEXT / WRITING into a graphical map. maps which are suitable yet exciting. STORY 2. Defining a distinction between a 5. ncorporating and experimenting 1. Collecting my key historical points map and a guide. with mixed mediums and how it would and creating fictional outcomes that visually add up on a digital art board. reach modern day Bangalore. 2. Writing a story that has historical I am extremely excited by how a basis but takes on a new path that is traditional visual medium can be distinguishable as fiction yet believable. converted into an interactive and 3. Research and testimonials to validate attractive map. the fictional content. 1. How the map can be a visually 4. Meet persons who are knowledgeable attractive and draw in an audience and in matters of Bangalore’s growth, hold their interest development and historical information 2. What visual elements can help

16 17 and criticism. 7. To learn to work on a singular topic over a long time period with enthusiasm and intrigue. 8. To be able to form a final output that is appreciated for its aesthetic value as well as its research and LEARNING OUTCOME information delivery.

In the duration of this project I would like to achieve the following personal goals: 1. To research and assimilate information and construct a story based on a key point in history so as to promote PART TWO relevance of history yet create an entirely fictional universe around it. 2. To be able to understand my topic and edit it to its bare fundamentals. 3. To create the need for a vibrant and exciting map of Bangalore Modern, and Bangalore historically. 4. To explore and experiment with style and technique. RESEARCH 5. To be able to iterate and explore my designs, and test how it communicates to an external audience. 6. To personally create interest in the project and to strive for better feedback

18 19 Bangalore. The inscription, written At this point I was still looking for a validating as I go different versions and in ancient Kannada (Halegannada), point of diversion within the history of theories which I chanced upon. mentions the battle of Bengaluru Bangalore. To simplify my approach I (‘Bengaluru Kadana’), that took place decided to create timelines for each and between the Gangas and the Nolambas. every thing. Starting from building a The existence and discovery of this basic timeline of the different dynasties inscription invalidates the popular that were present in the modern area BANGALORE HISTORY ‘Benda Kalooru’ theory which explains of Bangalore and then letting the the origin of the name ‘Bengaluru’. emergence of the city narrow down my The popular anecdote of ‘Bengaluru’ point of interest and dates. The first step of my project was to relates to the Hoysala king Veera Ballala acquaint myself with the history of in 1120 who, lost in the woods was These timelines allowed me to move Bangalore. Before I could think of served boiled beans by an old woman. on further through the history of Part of the initial timeline I created during my research phase. alternative histories, timelines or points Throughout my research I found a Bangalore. I finally reached the part of of diversion, I had to know Bangalore. multitude of other variations of the history of Bangalore that talked about I broke it down to learning about the origin of the name of the city: the founder of Bangalore, the much origin of Bangalore, which was in Benda Kada Uru (The city of the Burnt hailed, ‘Kempe Gowda’. Yelahanka. Forest), Vengaluru (Village of Vengala/ Venkata), Bengavaluru (Town of Body By now I knew a fair amount about ORIGIN OF BANGALORE Guards), Benda Kalla Uru (Town of Kempe Gowda through old cursory Bangalore started of as an offshoot of Heated Stones), Bile Kalla Uru (Town searches about Bangalore, and from bits the Vijayanagar Empire in Yelahanka. of White Stones), Benga Uru (Town of I had been told by different residents of But before any of that happened the the Benga Tree), Hale Bengaluru (Old Bangalore. Kempe Gowda hailed from area of Bangalore and around had been Bangalore), Venkalur (A village name the dynasty of the Yelahanka Prabhus, under various other kingdoms. The area under the Hoysala empire). who were feudatories of the Vijayanagar of Kolar was ruled by the Gangas around Empire. This dynasty ruled from 1267- 350 AD. Inscriptions dating back to All these speculations on merely the 1678 AD, and produced the founder of 890 AD found near the Bangalore- origin of the name of the city gave me Modern Bangalore, Kempe Gowda. Hosur highway, in the village of Begur, a glimpse of the unfamiliar land I was I had been consulting multiple sources show the earliest record of walking towards. for each part of my research, and

20 21 Kempe Gowda was succeeded by his In my research there were certain eldest son Gidde Gowda (1570-1585), things which intrigued and interested but there is little known about his me more than others. for instance, reign. Kempe Gowda II (1585-1633), Kempe Gowda II was responsible for the the second son of Kempe Gowda construction of a large number of tanks, succeeded his brother. At this point some of which still exist and are in use; the Vijayanagar Empire had begun its How the city of Bangalore was leased decline. Kempe Gowda II constructed out to Mysore by the Mughal Kingdom the four cardinal boundary towers of for 4000 gold coins and 5000 rupees. Bangalore. Kempe Gowda III (1633- These bits of trivia made me understand YELAHANKANADA PRABHUS 1678) ruled Bangalore and was attacked that for my project to be enjoyed by There are three persons within this by the Bijapur army in 1638. The an audience, the stories need to be dynasty with the title Kempe Gowda. Bijapur army finally besieged Bangalore highlighted and enhanced and the dates Kempe Gowda I (1510-1570) is said to and ultimately Kempe Gowda was could act as markers in the background, have seen the strange event of a hare forced to surrender. merely to orient the viewer. attacking his dog during a hunting trip. This extraordinary event led him to The lineage of Kempe Gowda as rulers believe that the area was a heroic land, of Bangalore came to an end, and at and ideal to situate his new capital. The this point, the history of Bangalore town was constructed in an elliptical becomes complicated as the city shape, with a huge tank built nearby to becomes a pawn for its neighboring ensure steady supply of water and to kingdoms. The Marathas occupied the harness the natural drainage and climate city (1638-1684) under Shahji until of the land. The foundation of Modern the invasion by the Mughals (1687- Bangalore was laid out in 1537 AD. The 1707) who leased it out to the Mysore town was surrounded by a Mud Fort, ruler, Chikkadevaraja. The Wodeyars and it had eight gates. The town was ruled Bangalore (1687-1758) and were divided into districts and those districts overthrown by Hyder Ali who ruled were named after the occupation and/or Bangalore from 1761 to 1782, and was caste of the residents. succeeded by his son Tipu Sultan.

22 23 Map of Bangalore, Murray’s 1924 Handbook.

24 25 the viewer to be able to have some point Each decision, though from an informed of familiarity in an otherwise unfamiliar judgement, would be hard to explain. map and city. The decision though came Instead, In this book I have broken down with its own set of restrictions, as Lal my process into: Bagh was only built by Hyder Ali in 1. Research that gives me a historical 1761. This restriction narrowed down my background of the city. The segment possibilities of the alternative timelines also includes the making of the and allowed me to focus on creating alternate timelines and maps. new timelines from that point onward. 2. Exploration of mediums that allowed me to arrive at my final visual style. PRESENT DAY BANGALORE Bangalore has now become a My aim was to create an alternative map metropolis, housing many information of Bangalore which is rooted in altered technology parks, and is termed as the histories but still allows the viewer to ‘Silicon Valley’ of India. But before interact and use the map functionally it became popular for its technology and not merely as a visual piece. centers it was a cantonment area of the East India Company. Under the In order to achieve this I tried to look British rule it became the first city in at the modern landscape of Bangalore India to get electricity, it had postal and pinpoint parts of the city which runner lines, and an extended railway are historically relevant yet are known network. Following India’s independence popularly as landmarks. For creating Bangalore became the capital of the divergent histories I needed to make state of Karnataka and the old city sure that these landmarks existed then of Bangalore and the Cantonment and hence would be present in the merged. modern alternate map I would create. I decided to use Ulsoor Lake and Lal To explain how each part of my research Bagh as my two chief landmarks that was carried is complex as there were would exist in all three of my maps. This multiple variables at each step that decision stemmed from allowing needed to be considered and explored.

26 27 off more than I could chew, I forced in the fourth Anglo-Mysore war. He 10. John Blakiston myself to enter into the deconstruction was extremely patriotic and had sent John Blakiston was responsible for of the timeline and try to pick up key ambassadors to the Ottoman Empire, drawing up the plans for the British events that I needed to retain, rather Afghanistan and France to gain support Military Cantonment in Bangalore. than pick up events that I could discard. against the British colonization. 11. Gustav Krumbiegel The decision to use Ulsoor Lake and 5. Napoleon Bonaparte German botanist and garden designer, Lal Bagh as primary landmarks in my Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan were both he is responsible for the ‘Blooming ALTERNATIVE TIMELINES maps helped me to work around the admirers of the French military Avenues’ of Bangalore and his work at alternative timelines more efficiently. methodology, and the latter had the Lal Bagh Botanical Gardens. corresponded with Bonaparte. POINT OF DIVERGENCE PEOPLE AND EVENTS THAT 6. Winston Churchill Mid way into my research phase I A Point of Divergence is used in COULD TRANSFORM/AFFECT Winston Chuchill was present in the narrowed down my final outcome to alternative histories as a starting point THE TIMELINE OF BANGALORE: city in the late 19th century, and his three maps, one being a map of Modern to extrapolate other possible scenarios 1. Invasion and capture of Bangalore extended inclusion in the cantonment Bangalore, how it is today. The other that could have emerged. For me by the Mughal army in 1687 and their could alter Bangalore history. two would be alternative timeline maps finding this point of divergence was the subsequent release of the city to 7. Lord Cornwallis of Bangalore in present day. For the crux of my project. It not only would Chikkadevaraja Wodeyar. Commander in Chief of the British Raj alternative maps I started off with the give me a direction for my research but 2. The Anglo-Mysore Wars, and the in India, he was responsible for gaining same origin point with Kempe Gowda also define my visual execution. treaties that emerged form them significant political control in South and his construction of the Mud Fort. Covering the last three decades of the India in the third Anglo-Mysore War. The timeline for all three continues To completely change the history of 18th century, the four Anglo-Mysore 8. Hector Munro unaltered till the late 18th century a city through a singular event sounds wars governed the fate of Bangalore. Third Commander in Chief of India, he where the timeline breaks into two overwhelming, and it is, and it was. Each 3. Hyder Ali captured Pondicherry from the french other alternatives. I decided to focus on decision I would make would need to Sultan and ruler of the kingdom of in 1778 but was defeated in 1780 by foreign powers controlling Bangalore justified and its repercussions would Mysore he resisted British colonial Hyder Ali in the third Anglo-Mysore over the other native kingdoms because: need to be accounted for. The cause advances in the first and second Anglo- War. 1. The urban plan and design of foreign and effect for every minor change is Mysore wars. 9. Sir Mark Cubbon powers would be more visible and visual so grand that it took me days to finally 4. Tipu Sultan The British commissioner of the Mysore in the final piece. comprehend the vastness of my project. Successor and son of Hyder Ali he state he shifted the capital from Mysore 2. In terms of research I wanted to know Before I could realize that I had bitten fought the British but was defeated to Bangalore. about the interaction between

28 29 Bangalore and other non native cultures. For my other two maps I decided to explore: 1. The correspondence between Tipu Sultan and Napoleon Bonaparte. 2. Establishment of the British Cantonment in Bangalore at an earlier date.

Images from my notebook when I was listing out possibilities for alternate scenarios.

30 31 It all seemed to fit, and I let it direct me. number, the British growth in Bangalore Ali, and the Independence of India as The content of the letter was: could be more intensive and significant. my primary material. It would allow the British, who at that “From Bonaparte, Member of the time were still at the peak of their rule Its important to note that all these National Convention, Commanding in India to transform Bangalore into a decisions, of finalizing the three maps, General, to the Most Magnificent Sultan, British Stronghold in South India. deciding on key landmarks, writing, our greatest friend, Tippu Saheb: You have labeling and forming alternate timelines THE REASONING already been informed of my arrival on the The third map needed to serve more happened simultaneously through Red Sea, with a large and invincible Army, as a reference point rather than an discussions with my panel members full of a desire to deliver you from the yoke alternative timeline, and I decided to and peers and because of the ongoing During my research I found gaps in the of England. . . I request you to inform show Bangalore how it is and how we research that would reveal different existing timeline which were extremely me by way of Muscat and Mocha as to all know it. This map would function stories at every point that transformed interesting and I wanted to explore your political situation . . . I would further purely as a comparative tool and and cultivated my final outcome. them further. This gave me the final wish you could send some intelligent enhance the other two maps. The entire push I needed to determine my two person to Suez or Cairo, someone in your collection of these three maps would points of divergence. confidence, with whom I may confer . . . let the viewer be transported smoothly May the Almighty increase your power from Modern Bangalore, the city they The first and most important one and destroy your enemies.” know very well; to British Bangalore, was the finding out about the where they can situate themselves correspondence between Tipu Sultan If the first map was French Bangalore, within a city relatively familiar; to and Napoleon and how Napoleons the second needed to complement it. French Bangalore, which is entirely new letter to Tipu had been intercepted The Anglo-Mysore Wars were a defining and alien. by British spies. The archival records characteristic of not only Bangalore, shows that the letter said that Napoleon but also for the British Empire in South While creating my alternative timelines, would be entering India and would be India. There were four wars in all before all three of them have a point of sending reinforcements to Tipu. This the British finally entered Bangalore. convergence around 1950, as I needed excited me even more because earlier I If instead there were three wars, that to take into consideration certain had read about Hyder Ali and his army would allow Bangalore to be dominated inevitable events like the Independence being trained by French soldiers from by the British a decade earlier. Though of India. This let me focus my research Pondicherry. ten years might sound like a small to the time between the rule of Hyder

32 33 modern spaces - the air-conditioned An interesting thing I noticed about malls, the concrete fly-overs, the shiny the answers was that though everyone sky-scrapers. I like how forgotten seemed nostalgic and proud of their historical monuments, surrounded city and its heritage, the question, if by shifting cityscapes, offer a kind of they enjoyed/liked history seemed to refuge from the relentless busy-ness of get mostly negative responses. This the street, a parallel world of rest and led me to believe that each one of us THE PAST dream.” might be a secret retro fan, or and admirer of the vintage and classic, we What aspect of the past interests you? admit to it because the label sounds Right at the beginning of my project I - Political strife pleasant. Not many people would admit conducted a survey to understand what - Social structure to be collectors of historical artifacts ‘The Past’ means to each one of us. The - Cultural changes and traditions and stories… The questionnaire and questionnaire was answered by around - Military strategies and combat the responses made me realize the thirty people of a varying age group and - Evolution and growth importance of semantics when doing background. Some of the questions I (Cultural changes and Evolution and a project which is steeped in history asked are written below with sample growth got maximum votes - 70%) and being visually shown as a map. The answers. combination could lead to alienating a In what form do you prefer learning large group of people by the title alone. -- about your past? - Photographs and memorabilia Do you feel the past is important to you - Graphic novels, maps, illustrations personally? - Films and documentaries “You are a collective of your past.” - Conversations and oral interactions (Conversations, Photographs and Do you feel you have a connection with Films got maximum votes - 60%) your city and its history? “I feel connected to my city through its architectural history, and the ways in which it resists the smoothness of

34 35 1537 First Anglo-Mysore War takes place when Col. Smith Maharaja Krishnaraja Wodeyar’s rule. Kempe Gowda I constructs the Bangalore Mud Fort of the British army besieges Bangalore. 1800 and Petta, as well as several reservoirs in and close to 1769 The General Post Office is founded. the main town. The Anglo-Mysore War comes to an end when Hyder 1803 1569 Ali and the East India Company sign a treaty of Fr. Abbe Du Bois establishes the first Kempe Gowda I builds the 7 towers of Bangalore. mutual defense in Madras. chapel in Bangalore. 1637-38 1780 Runner postal line is established between Kempe Gowda III surrenders the fort to Ramadulla Second Anglo-Mysore War commences, and Bangalore, Madras and Bombay. Khan and Rustam-i-Zaman, commanders of the Bangalore is transformed into a large military camp. 1807 Bijapur army. The town is handed over to Shahji, the Several battles are fought. The Maharaja allots Agram and adjoining areas Maratha general, predecessor and father of Shivaji. 1781 near Ulsoor village to the British. This is the MODERN BANGALORE c. 1660 Hyder Ali begins palace construction. beginning of the Cantonment area in present Shahji builds Gowri Mahal. 1782 day Bangalore. 1665 Hyder Ali had suffers from a cancerous growth on his 1808 Shahji dies. back, and dies later in the year in his camp. St. Marks Cathedral is built. To create an accurate map and set 1687 1783 1809 of descriptions of Bangalore City I The Mughal army under Kasim Khan, the Maratha The British capture Mangalore in March 1783. Tipu All the British troops are shifted from army and the Mysore army under Chikkadevaraja brings his main army over but is unable to regain Srirangapattana to Bangalore. collected stories from different books Wodeyar simultaneously appear at Bangalore. A control of the city and retreats. 1831 and histories of certain places. The battle ensues, and finally Imperial Mughal flag is 1784 Alleging misrule, the British take over the hoisted in Bangalore. The war ends with the signing of the administration of the Mysore kingdom. stories are a key part of my project 1690 Mangalore Treaty and both parties restore 1834 because they give a certain sense Bangalore is sold to Chikkadevaraja Wodeyar. He each other’s land. The Madras Sappers came to Bangalore. Sir Mark constructs an oval shaped fort south of Kempe 1786 Cubbon the Sole Commissioner for administration of of nostalgia to the city as well as Gowda’s Mud Fort. British general Charles Cornwallis is appointed as Mysore is responsible for structuring Bangalore and wonderment. 1704 Commander-in-Chief of British India. ensuring its physical and economic stability. Roads Chikkadevaraja Wodeyar dies and is succeeded by 1791 are constructed and telegraph lines are laid during his Narasaraja Wodeyar. The palace is completed under the supervision of Tipu time. 1755 Sultan. Tipu Sultan and Lord Cornwallis enter into the 1840 Maratha Peshwa army occupies Bangalore. Third Anglo-Mysore war. The Glass House is built in Lal Bagh. 1758 1792 1841 Hyder Ali, Commander of Mysore army drives out The third Anglo-Mysore war ends with the signing St. Patricks Church is built. the Marathas. of the Treaty of Srirangapattana, under whose 1850 1760 terms Tipu Sultan surrenders two of his three The telegraph, post, and railways are introduced. Fearing being ousted by the Mysore Palace politics, sons as hostages, as well one half of the 1851 Hyder Ali takes refugee and regroups his forces in territories of Mysore. The Holy Trinity Church is built. It is the largest Bangalore and commissions Lal Bagh. 1794 military church in South India. 1761 Tipu Sultan restores Ulsoor Lake. 1853 Under Hyder Ali the Oval Fort is renovated in stone. 1798 The currency changes from Kanteerava pagoda to 1762 The fourth Anglo-Mysore War commences. rupee. A pagoda - a gold or silver coin, was equivalent Hyder Ali transforms Bangalore into a center of 1799 to Rs.3.50. commercial and industrial importance, as well as Tipu Sultan is killed in Srirangapattana on May 4, 1858 defense production. 1799. The Partition Treaty of Mysore is drawn up on Central College of Bangalore is set up. 1767 Tipu Sultan’s death and Bangalore comes under 1862

36 37 Rev. Garrett begins construction of the Bangalore suburbs become a part of Urban Bangalore. The Puttanna Chetty Town Hall is built. the country to do so. Palace. Victoria Hospital is established. 1937 1991 1864 1902 Bangalore is connected by air to Bombay by the STPI is started. The Bangalore and Mysore municipalities are set up. Bangalore becomes the first city in India to get Indian Aviation Development Company. 2000 Sir Richard Sankey lays out Cubbon Park. electricity and a hydel electric power station. 1940 Veerappan kidnaps Rajkumar. 1867 1904 Bangalore Transport Company Ltd commences 2004 St Andrew’s Church is consecrated. Ramakrishna Ashram is founded. operations. Veerappan is killed. 1868 Hudson Memorial Church is built. 1942 2006 Attara Kacheri building is built. 1906 The Quit India Movement is launched in Bangalore. The state adopts new names for cities in Karnataka: Bowring Institute is founded. Victoria Statue is unveiled. 1944 Bangalore is re-named Bengalooru and Mysore 1872 1908 Construction of the Bangalore Palace is completed. becomes Mysooru. Richard Bourke, Lord Mayo, is assassinated in Krumbiegel becomes Director of Horticulture. 1947 Port Blair. Cash Pharmacy is built. C.V. Raman founds Raman Research institute. 1873 1909 Jayachamaraja Wodeyar becomes the Governor of Snaize Undertakers is founded. The Indian Institute of Science is set up. Mysore State. 1875 1911 1948 Mayo Hall is built. Shankar Math building is completed in 1911 and Deccan Herald is started 1881 declared open by Lord Harding, the Viceroy of India. 1949 The Mysore kingdom is rendered back to the 1912 The Bangalore Municipal Corporation is formed. Wodeyars. ITC is set up. 1954 1882 1913 The Vidhan Soudha building is built. Sankey Tank is built. Minto Ophthalmic Hospital is completed and 1955 St. Mary’s Basilica is erected. becomes functional. Bangalore gets a radio transmitter. 1883 1915 1956 Construction of Mayo Hall comes to an end. Chamber of Commerce is established. Bangalore becomes capital of the Mysore State. 1884 1918 1961-1971 The Maharaja of Mysore buys the Bangalore Palace. BRV (British Rifle Volunteers) Theatre is established. HAL, BEL, HMT, ITI are built. 1888 1921 Cheshire Homes are set up by Lord Leonard Binny Mills is founded. Bangalore Turf Club is established. Cheshire. 1889 922 1964 Construction on the Regal Commercial Center Coles Park is built. Bangalore University and the British Library starts. 1923 are set up. 1892 State Bank of Mysore headquarters are completed. 1971 Chamrajpet extension is laid out. 1927 Hotel Ashok opens. 1894 Russell Market is built. 1972 The Millers Building is set up. Silver Jubilee Park is built. ISRO is set up. 1898 1928 1973 Bangalore is hit by the plague that devastates large First act of communal disharmony takes place in Mysore State is renamed as Karnataka. parts of the city. Bangalore in Sultanpette. 1981 1899 1933 Bangalore sets up TV station. Seshadari Iyer lays out the plans for Basvanagudi and Thippagondanahalli reservoir dam is built. Mahatma 1985 Malleshwaram. Gandhi visits Bangalore and lays down the foundation The new General Post Office is inaugurated. 1901 stone for Harijan Hospital. 1987 Hebbal, HMT watch factory, Kengeri and other 1935 Bangalore introduces the ‘yellow pages’, first city in

38 39 1537 Under Hyder Ali the Oval Fort is renovated in stone. 1788 Kempe Gowda I constructs the Bangalore Mud Fort 1762 Hector Munro returns to Scotland. and Petta, as well as several reservoirs in and close to Hyder Ali transforms Bangalore into a center of 1789 the main town. commercial and industrial importance as well as John Blakiston lays out plans for the Cantonment in 1569 defense production. Bangalore near Ulsoor Lake. Kempe Gowda I builds the 7 towers of Bangalore. 1767 1791 1637-38 First Anglo-Mysore War takes place when Col. Smith Tipu’s Palace is completed under the supervision of Kempe Gowda III surrenders the fort to Ramadulla of the British army besieges Bangalore. John Blakiston. Khan and Rustam-i-Zaman, commanders of the 1769 1794 Bijapur army. The town is handed over to Shahji, the The First Anglo-Mysore War comes to an end when Ulsoor Lake is restored by the British soldiers. Maratha general, predecessor and father of Shivaji. Hyder Ali and the East India Company sign a treaty 1800 BRITISH BANGALORE c. 1660 of mutual defense in Madras. The General Post Office is founded. Shahji builds Gowri Mahal. 1778 1803 1665 Hector Munro takes command of the Madras army. Fr. Abbe Du Bois establishes the first chapel in Shahji dies. 1780 Bangalore. The map of British Bangalore is based 1687 Second Anglo-Mysore War commences, and Runner postal line is established between Bangalore, on a collection of stories of areas The Mughal army under Kasim Khan, the Maratha Bangalore is transformed into a large military camp. Madras and Bombay. army and the Mysore army under Chikkadevaraja Hyder Ali embittered by the lack of respect by the 1808 which came into existence during the Wodeyar simultaneously appear at Bangalore. A British of the earlier treaty enters into a battle in St. Marks Cathedral is built. formation of the Cantonment and battle ensues, and finally Imperial Mughal flag is alliance with the French. 1809 hoisted in Bangalore. 1781 The Center Memorial statue is built by John through the events of the altered 1690 Hyder Ali begins palace construction. Blakiston. timeline. Bangalore is sold to Chikkadevaraja Wodeyar. He Lieutenant general Sir Eyre Coote attacks Hyder Ali 1812 constructs an oval shaped Mud Fort south of Kempe and wins the battle at Porto Novo and Pollilur. Governor General Sir George Barlow is recalled. Gowda’s Mud Fort. 1782 1824 1704 Hyder Ali had suffers from a cancerous growth on Excavations at Pottery Village; Artifacts are found Chikkadevaraja Wodeyar dies and is succeeded by his back and dies later that year in his camp. Tipu dating from the Chola dynasty. Narasaraja Wodeyar. Sultan is defeated by the British Col. Braithwaite at 1831 1755 Anagundi near Tanjore. Alleging misrule, the British take over the Maratha Peshwa army occupies Bangalore. 1783 administration of the Mysore kingdom. 1758 The British capture Mangalore in March 1783. Tipu 1832 Hyder Ali, Commander of Mysore army drives out brought his main army over but they were unable to The British Cemetery is built. the Marathas. regain control of the city and retreated. 1834 1760 1784 The Madras Sappers come to Bangalore. Fearing being ousted by the Mysore Palace politics, The war ends and Tipu Sultan is sent to exile from the 1840 Hyder Ali takes refugee and regroups his forces in state of Mysore. The British troops enter and camp in The Glass House is built in Lal Bagh. Bangalore. He commissions Lal Bagh. the Oval Fort. 1841 1761 1785 St. Patricks Church is built. Under Hyder Ali the Oval Fort is renovated in stone. The pub, Quarter Pint is founded as a cart based 1848 1762 vendor outlet, selling supplies from Madras. Meade’s Park is built. Hyder Ali transforms Bangalore into a center of 1786 1850 commercial and industrial importance, as well as Charles Cornwallis becomes is appointed as The telegraph, post, and railways are introduced. defense production. Commander-in-Chief of British India. 1858 1761 Sir Eyre Coote dies in Madras. Central College of Bangalore is set up.

40 41 1860 1904 1942 2004 Cubbon Park is built. Ramakrishna Ashram is founded. The Quit India Movement is launched in Bangalore. Veerappan is killed. 1862 Hudson Memorial Church is built. 1944 2006 Rev. Garrett begins construction of the Bangalore 1906 Construction of the Bangalore Palace is completed. The state adopts new names for cities in Karnataka: Palace. Victoria Statue is unveiled. 1947 Bangalore is re-named Bengalooru and Mysore 1863 1908 C.V. Raman founds Raman Research Institute. becomes Mysooru. The Cantonment Extension is laid out. Krumbiegel becomes Director of Horticulture. Jayachamaraja Wodeyar becomes the Governor of 1868 Cash Pharmacy is built. Mysore State. Attara Kacheri building is built. 1909 1948 Bowring Institute is founded. The Indian Institute of Science is set up. Deccan Herald is started. 1872 The construction of the Regal Commercial Center is 1949 Richard Bourke, Lord Mayo, is assassinated in Port completed. The Bangalore Municipal Corporation is formed. Blair. 1910 1954 1873 Central Administrative Offices are set up. The Vidhan Soudha building is built. Snaize Undertakers is founded. 1912 1955 1875 ITC is set up. Bangalore gets a radio transmitter. Mayo Hall is built. 1915 1956 1882 Chamber of Commerce is established. Bangalore becomes capital of the Mysore State. Sankey tank is built. 1921 1960 St. Mary’s Basilica is erected. Bangalore Turf Club is established. Krumbiegel Horticultural Institute is established. 1883 1922 1961-1971 Construction of Mayo Hall comes to an end. Coles Park is built. HAL, BEL, HMT, ITI are built. 1884 1923 Cheshire Homes are set up by Lord Leonard Binny Mills are established in Bangalore. State Bank of Mysore headquarters are completed. Cheshire. The Maharaja of Mysore buys the Bangalore Palace. 1925 1964 1889 Gosha Hospital is built. Bangalore University and the British Library are Construction on the Regal Commercial Center 1927 set up. starts. Russell Market is built. 1971 1892 Silver Jubilee Park is built. Hotel Ashok opens. Chamrajpet extension is laid out. 1928 1972 1894 First act of communal disharmony takes place in ISRO is set up. The Millers Building is built. Bangalore in Sultanpette. 1973 1898 1933 Mysore State is renamed as Karnataka. Bangalore is hit by the plague which devastates large Thippagondanahalli reservoir dam is built. Mahatma 1981 parts of the city. Gandhi visits Bangalore and lays down the foundation Bangalore sets up a TV station. 1899 stone for Harijan Hospital. 1985 Seshadari Iyer lays out plans for Basvanagudi. 1935 The new General Post Office is inaugurated. 1901 The Puttanna Chetty town hall is built. 1987 Hebbal, HMT watch factory, Kengeri and other 1937 Bangalore introduces the ‘yellow pages’, first city in suburbs become a part of Urban Bangalore. Bangalore is connected by air to Bombay by the the country to do so. Victoria Hospital is established. Indian Aviation Development Company. 1991 1902 1940 STPI is started. Bangalore becomes the first city in India to get Bangalore Transport Company Ltd commences 2000 electricity, and a Hydel electric power station. operations. Veerappan kidnaps Rajkumar.

42 43 1537 First Anglo-Mysore War takes place when Col. Smith positively and promises to send reinforcements. The Kempe Gowda I constructs the Bangalore Mud Fort of the British army besieges Bangalore. fourth Anglo-Mysore War commences. and Petta, as well as several reservoirs in and close to 1777 1799 the main town. Hyder Ali begins construction of Hazrat Masjid. Nawab Ali Khan enters into an alliance with Tipu 1569 1780 Sultan and the French Commanders. Krishnaraja Kempe Gowda I builds the 7 towers of Bangalore. Second Anglo-Mysore War commences, and Wodeyar becomes the ruler of the Mysore Kingdom, 1637-38 Bangalore is transformed into a large military camp. in alliance with Tipu Sultan. British troops besiege Kempe Gowda III surrenders the fort to Ramadulla 1781 Srirangapattana under the command of Arthur Khan and Rustam-i-Zaman, commanders of the Hyder Ali begins palace construction. Wellesley, while Tipu Sultan and the Nizam hold onto Bijapur army. The town is handed over to Shahji, the 1782 and defend Bangalore, and begin advancing toward Maratha general, predecessor and father of Shivaji. Hyder Ali suffers from a cancerous growth on his Srirangapattana to regain control. FRENCH BANGALORE c. 1660 back, and dies later that year in his camp. 1800 Shahji builds Gowri Mahal. 1783 Napoleon sends troops and reinforcements to Tipu 1665 Hazrat Masjid is completed under Tipu Sultan. Sultan. Tipu Sultan presents the French military with Shahji dies. 1784 the Hoysala Nagar area to set up base. The French French Bangalore is made up entirely 1687 The war ends with the signing of the Mangalore troops join the Nizam’s and Tipu’s army and drive of stories which have been borrowed The Mughal army under Kasim Khan, the Maratha Treaty, both parties restore each other’s land. out the British from Mysore, Mahe and Mangalore, army and the Mysore army under Chikkadevaraja 1787 regaining control of the southwest regions of the and merged from different cities and Wodeyar simultaneously appear at Bangalore. A Free Masons Society becomes officially recognized Peninsula. recreated and placed in the context of battle ensues, and finally Imperial Mughal flag is under Tipu Sultan, and their lodge is built. Tipu Sultan 1801 hoisted in Bangalore. sends ambassadors to Paris. Maison Du Gouverneur is built. the altered timeline. 1690 1788 Construction of the Citadel begins. Bangalore is sold to Chikkadevaraja Wodeyar. He Tipu Sultan begins correspondence with Zaman Shah, 1808 constructs an oval shaped fort south of Kempe ruler of the Afghan Durrani Empire. The Company Hotel is established in the French Gowda’s Mud Fort. 1789 Town. 1704 The third Anglo-Mysore War commences when the 1814 Chikkadevaraja Wodeyar dies and is succeeded by British defy the Treaty of Mangalore by trying to gain Citadel construction is completed. Narasaraja Wodeyar. support of the Nizam against Tipu Sultan. 1815 1755 1791 Louis XVI Coronation Gardens are built. Maratha Peshwa army occupies Bangalore. Tipu’s Palace is completed. 1819 1758 1792 The Grand Bazaar is redesigned and built by Andre Hyder Ali, Commander of Mysore army drives out The third Anglo-Mysore War ends with the signing Julien, the French Governor General. the Marathas. of the Treaty of Srirangapattana, under whose terms 1821 1760 Tipu Sultan surrenders two of his three sons as Tipu Sultan died at the age of 71 in his summer Fearing being ousted by the Mysore Palace politics, hostages, as well one half of the territories of Mysore. palace. His son, Abdul Khaliq was his predecessor and Hyder Ali takes refugee and regroups his forces in 1793 managed his father’s kingdom. Bangalore and commissions Lal Bagh. Church of Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception 1823 1761 is constructed. The collection for Musée Des Ambassadeurs Tipus Under Hyder Ali the Oval Fort is renovated in stone. 1794 was curated, and the main building is constructed. 1767 Tipu Sultan restores Ulsoor Lake. 1824 Hyder Ali transforms Bangalore into a center of 1797 Siege of Acre Nagar is laid out in honor of the French commercial and industrial importance, as well as Darya Daulat Gardens are built. victory in 1799 in Acre. defense production. 1798 1830 1761 Napoleon Bonaparte responds to Tipu Sultan’s letter L’école Française is set up by Comte Des Bassayns.

44 45 1844 The French Carnival is celebrated in the French town 1964 Abdul Khaliq sets up the Nouveau Mulberry through the days between Sunday of Epiphany and Bangalore University and the British Library are set Plantation. Ash Wednesday. up. 1845 1922 1971 St. Yves Church is constructed. Pierre James Henri commissions the Butchers Hotel Ashok opens. 1848 Market to be built. 1972 Abdul Khaliq dies and Krishnaraja Wodeyar becomes 1923 ISRO is set up. the de jure ruler of the Bangalore – Mysore Kingdom. State Bank of Mysore headquarters are completed. 1973 1858 1928 Mysore State is renamed as Karnataka. Central College of Bangalore is set up. First act of communal disharmony takes place in 1981 1860 Bangalore in Sultanpette. Bangalore sets up TV station. The Center for Drama and Theater Arts is set up in 1933 1985 the French Town. Thippagondanahalli reservoir dam is built. Mahatma The new General Post Office is inaugurated. 1864 Gandhi visits Bangalore and lays down the foundation 1987 Musée Français is established in the French Town. stone for Harijan Hospital. Bangalore introduced the ‘yellow pages’, first city in 1868 1935 the country. Attara Kacheri building is built. The Puttanna Chetty town hall is built. 1991 1874 1937 STPI is started. Antoinette Infirmary is set up. Bangalore is connected by air to Bombay by the 2000 1893 Indian Aviation Development Company. Veerappan kidnaps Rajkumar. Maison Verte is built in Lal Bagh. 1940 2004 1898 Bangalore Transport Company Ltd commences Veerappan is killed Bangalore is hit by a devastating plague. operations. 2006 1899 1942 The state adopts new names for cities in Karnataka: Seshadari Iyer lays out the plans for Basvanagudi. The Quit India Movement is launched in Bangalore. Bangalore is re-named Bengalooru and Mysore 1901 1947 becomes Mysooru. Hebbal, HMT watch factory, Kengeri and other C.V. Raman founds Raman Research institute. suburbs become a part of urban Bangalore. Jayachamaraja Wodeyar becomes the Governor of 1902 Mysore State. Bangalore becomes the first city in India to get 1948 electricity, and a Hydel electric power station. Deccan Herald is started. 1904 1949 Ramakrishna Ashram is founded. The Bangalore Municipal Corporation is formed. 1905 1952 Bougainville Theatre is established. Ville De La Poterie is designed under the supervision 1908 of the wife of Andre Menard. Krumbiegel becomes Director of Horticulture. 1954 1909 The Vidhan Soudha building is built. The Indian Institute of Science is set up. 1955 1912 Bangalore gets a radio transmitter. ITC is set up 1956 1915 Bangalore becomes capital of the Mysore State. Chamber of Commerce is established. 1961-1971 1918 HAL, BEL, HMT, ITI are built.

46 47 A map gives the visuals and the words, others, then how is it that maps have the but to combine the two is what makes demonstrable power to organize social the viewer connect with that piece energies so as to bring into being the of paper, and there stood my first visions of the world they posit.” challenge. My visuals and words would The Nature of Maps, Denis Wood fall flat if the map was unable to get the viewer to interact and experience The map itself is nothing but the UNDERSTANDING MAPS the city. Here I reinforced the idea cartographer or designers version of of mixing the fictional with the non- the city. Each map comes with an fictional, and merging stories. Adding agenda of its own; A political map Before I could even start creating my existing landmarks into a fictional city desires to portray the boundaries of maps I needed to know what a map gave the viewer a certain sense of its government/city/country, ignoring was, to understand what a map did and ‘finding their bearings’ in this otherwise terrain, demographics and so on. Similar how it did that. Initially my project was unknown territory. The second step to the saying, “History belongs to the titled, ‘A Tourists Guide to Bangalore’s becomes almost instinctively to explore victors.”, the map belongs to its creator. Parallel Universes’. Disregarding the the city, and while you explore you take obvious semantics of that title, the aim a certain route, and that route is also of the project was to create a full of its own landmarks. If the fictional functional map of a fictional city which landmarks just act as labels, it would feel stems from a familiar reality. A map has almost sterile, so I gave each landmark a to be something that fulfills not only backstory. This way I was able to add an function but creates a desire to experience to my fictional printed maps. discover and explore. It becomes a The stories in return acted as citations, tangible form of a city, which extends giving the map social assent, a certain beyond regular social hierarchy, much validation. like a phone directory, it becomes a singular source of information. It “if maps are but partial truths requires you to return to it time and masquerading as the whole story, lies again, not limiting its audience by layered on top of lies, nests of interests access to technology. advancing one cause at the expense of

48 49 kingdoms, and would be vying to gain into account that each map is A0. The The fact that it is my personal opinion control of the city of Bangalore. three maps in combination would form does not factor in until much later, different levels of disorientation and once they begin to dissect the map I discarded both these ideas as the intrigue. itself. I am merely displaying a version implementation of either of these would of Bangalore City according to me, cause the form to cease to be a map. FORM and clearly stating its fictional nature. The map itself could have interaction The reason I wanted the map to be And as with every map or every story, THINGS TO CONSIDER in the form of narratives and stories. a printed map rather than a digital report or observation, there is a certain The reason I so strongly wanted the interactive map is because the printed prejudice it comes with, its up to the final form to be a map was because map comes with a set of associations viewer to decide what they want to INTERACTION of the power it can possess. A map is and becomes something that you can retain and what they want to overlook. While working on the project I was something each one of us has used personalize, pass on, alter and mark your questioned about the sort of Interaction at some point, it might have been a own experiences. It also allows for the it would lead to and should inherently physical paper map, or an app on a target audience to not be limited by possess. I worked on two other concepts phone, but it becomes something that technology. which would derive from my idea of is our sole provider of a certain kind of alternative timelines. The first was to information. In my project I wanted to A PERSONAL OPINION create a map with moveable parts, create this need and dependency on the The maps I produce would reflect similar to a jigsaw puzzle. The puzzle map as a tool, even more so because of my opinion even if they come from would be categorized into areas of the its fictional nature. informed sources. The final outcome is city, native empires, foreign powers my own fiction, which when presented which would be color coded to mark out EXPERIENCE in the form of a map, especially about time. The puzzle would grow vertically Throughout my project I wanted to a city which everyone has a connection as well as horizontally as the user focus on the experience as being visual with can cause a certain level of interacted with the pieces. and through immersion in the content disconnect. But the stories that I have rather than looking at a digital or a written and assimilated and the visuals The second concept was to use the tangible interaction. I wanted to maps of the map disarm the viewer about alternative timelines to create a board to form a loosely based triptych which these prejudices as their first reaction game of some sort. The users would be would allow the viewer to be almost would become one of intrigue and divided into different foreign and native overwhelmed by the maps, also taking curiosity.

50 51 I created a simple digital network of Focusing on the city center I worked my FRENCH MAP roads and labelled the main road ways, way around, first marking out the basic The French Map was made after areas, districts, parks and lakes. The routes and roads which existed in the overlaying with the existing structures map I created does not have all the 19th century. After the formation of from the time of Kempe Gowda and regular heritage sites, monuments, and the cantonment in Bangalore, I marked the later additions made by Hyder other landmarks that are usually shown out its growth pattern which was based Ali and Tipu Sultan. Rest of the road in tourist maps of the city, but I have on its factual expansion, as well as added networks I made by combining maps of CREATING THE MAPS instead highlighted Ulsoor Lake and Lal certain details which were wiped out in Pondicherry, Saigon and Paris. Certain Bagh as those are important points in the 20th century. urban parts of the map like Jayanagar the city running through my fictional and Malleshwaram were retained as the I started with mapping out the old maps as well. I finally printed the road network and people behind them would be significant tanks and green areas from the time of began labeling the existing roadways characters even in the fictional city. Kempe Gowda, while simultaneously The Bangalore map is a straightforward and areas which would have existed mapping out the main city area. Using map with the basic outline as it is meant despite the altered timeline due to After laying out the road network for an outline map of the main routes of to be used as a reference image more their historical relevance or their urban French Bangalore I labelled the roads Bangalore I marked out parks and lakes than anything, and to give the viewer a significance. After mapping out the and areas depending on the terrain, on a tracing sheet. I started adding chance to compare and use to interpret factual and semi-factual information of historical relevance, repercussions of different layers on separate sheets to the other two maps. the map I proceeded to add the entirely the altered timeline, and by borrowing mark out government buildings, changes fictional bits. Those parts in the British elements from the aforementioned in terrain, religious institutions and so BRITISH MAP map were inspired, replicated, modified cities. on. I used this technique to understand The British map was made through a from other colonies of the British the basic formation of Bangalore and its intricate system of layering. The first Empire. I used archival maps of Madras, The French Bangalore map allowed me growth. Once I had the basic map I used layer marked out the roads and old Calcutta, Delhi and London to come to take maximum creative liberties. my alternate timelines to add, delete village area as marked out by Kempe to the final map I have now. Since the I fabricated entire areas and districts and alter different parts of the city. Gowda. The second sheet marked out map only shows an overview of the road to further enhance the affect French lakes and parks which existed during his networks, and the green areas and lakes culture would have on the city, as well BANGALORE MAP time and before the end of the reign of stand out in the map, it was important portray the effects of the extended For the Bangalore map I used an Tipu Sultan. A third layer marks out the that the roads have a very strong reign of Tipu Sultan. existing map of the city and marked out cantonment limits as shown in the 1924 character. the main roads and arteries. archival British map of the region.

52 53 Initial stages of mapping Bangalore.

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An initial sketch of the British Bangalore map created on tracing paper.

54 55 Final road network for Modern Bangalore.

56 57 Final road network for British Bangalore.

58 59 Final road network for French Bangalore.

60 61 Map of London, 1800 by cartographers Laurie and Whittle.

Mao of Saigon from Guide Madrolle, Map of Bangalore Metro from BMRC Indochine de Sud (Paris, Hachette, 1928).

Area map of New Delhi from the Delhi tourism website.

Map of Bangalore Modern form Mansour Isakhani’s website.

62 63 Plan of Pondicherry in 1741 by Bellin, A map of Lutyens’ projected “Imperial Delhi” from Prevost’s ‘Histoire generale des voyages’. from the Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th ed., 1910-12.

64 65 Bangalore into urbanism and were not internal factors, but influences from external developments and advancements which could not be dismissed or ignored.

The labeling process was broken down THE LABELLING by first ascertaining the City Center for each map and then using popular categories to tag areas and insert The labeling of each of the maps was a buildings and establishments. The crucial part of my project as it would categories I used as reference were Labelling the British Bangalore and French Bangalore maps. further enhance the fictional city, give religious buildings, hospitals and medical credit to the stories and validate the institutes, schools, research and training map itself. The labels on the map make institutes, commercial centers, heritage it feel functional and usable. At this monuments, libraries, museums and point the maps became an assimilation public offices. of all the research.

The labels were made of three key elements, similar to the map making itself: 1. Names of existing areas, roads, districts, parks and lakes until the point of divergence. 2. Names for roads, areas, districts, parks and lakes that would further validate and enrich the altered timelines and stories. 3. Names for areas that propelled

66 67 It was an important factor while writing down each story to ensure its easy readability without losing vital information.

Some of the stories are entirely fictional accounts, while some are a WRITING STORIES mix of historical data combined with the repercussions of the altered timelines. The stories act as a validation Each of the three maps is accompanied to the map and vice versa. It was by a small booklet which contains a set important for me to make sure that of stories, anecdotes, descriptions and there is a constant interaction between interesting observations about the city the story-booklets and the maps, and in question. These stories were collected each compliments the other, while over a period of two months, during also considering that the map and the PART THREE my research phase, through available booklets could be seen and enjoyed written information and conversations individually as well and were not entirely with a number of people. The labels dependent on the other. were used as starting points and titles for most of the stories. Certain The writing of the stories, the accounts relate to the construction labeling, and the writing of the and/or the background of the area/ alternate timelines was all happening buildings, while some are descriptions simultaneously as well as independently, of a person, and so on. and at each point I had to make sure EXPLORATION that the story exists in the map, and I wrote the stories as short paragraphs certain labels have stories associated as I needed to make sure that the with them, and both of them together text and the content doesn’t feel tally with the timelines. intimidating for the viewer.

68 69 MOODBOARDS

Before I started the visual execution of my project I looked at existing examples and styles used for creating maps. There are a vast variety of map styles that exist. They range from purely functional road networks, to 3D views of the city. There are maps that work visually rather than functionally, and only illustrate main landmarks and so on. My project required the visual to have a strong visible road network, and this allowed me to progress and explore visual styles that would best fit the project and content. Though at this point I was wary of using road networks alone as it would not add enough depth to the project, and was looking at possible graphic and Moodboard for graphic map style depicting points of interest illustrated options. and cultural feel of the city rather than a functional view.

70 71 Classic map moodboard where the roads are Moodboard for 3D style illustrated mapping. Here the focus distinctively visible. The lack of labelling decides becomes the architecture of the city. the functionality of the map.

72 73

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sit a a sit sit si s sit d d leo. gue gnissim i dign d e eu, fringilla malesuada, dapibus enim, ante leo. congue dignissim Quisque volutpat. ridiculus nascetur montes, parturient dis magnis et vamus sollicitudin metus metus sollicitudin vamus Vi . felis id Fusce . orci Ut . faucibus Pellentesque r. torto nec felis posuere , amet sit euismod , nec venenatis quam, nunc ante. , eu pulvinar , ut vehicula et, convallis augue,

M M M erat uam u i liq Al A . . us lacus et et g Ut Ut urna. quis Integer elit. id Cras egestas. turpis erat liquam A . lacus eget Nam quam. Duis penatibus natoque sociis Cum . nisl , ac imperdiet vitae, consequat , in sollicitudin ac, auctor , est odio In egestas. turpis ac fames malesuada et netus Mauris . aliquam iaculis enim vitae ante a Cras metus Sed tellus. Fusce pede. in, feugiat quis,

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ro r e r i ttitor ortt po enean Ae . l lus morbi habitant Pellentesque . est placerat, egestas eros porttitor Aenean . tellus quis, condimentum . volutpat vestibulum felis vitae lacus vel Mauris , , magna magna Morbi . lacus quis velit arcu eget eros. eget velit id justo at Maecenas . elit ultricies accumsan Sed Sed urna. eu Etiam massa. facilisis iaculis In mus.

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fa fame urn s uis ui q rq ge eger Inte elit. d Mauris Mauris aliquam. iaculis enim vitae ante a Cras Ut urna. quis Integer elit. id Cras . egestas turpis erat liquam A . lacus eget Nam quam. Duis consequat at nisl placerat, Maecenas . mauris at mi , , vitae consequat , in sollicitudin ac, auctor est, odio In egestas. turpis ac fames malesuada et netus penatibus natoque sociis Cum . nisl ac, imperdiet

b or mo ales a m m et et tus etus odio. non lectus dictum Donec . molestie placerat ac fames malesuada et netus et senectus tristique nibh. venenatis pede convallis Donec . dolor vel vehicula liquam A . augue ut dui elementum Nulla Sed Sed tellus. vitae, imperdiet non, mattis a, tincidunt et senectus tristique morbi habitant Pellentesque , , eu tristique in, venenatis , nunc est Etiam

et e et ee Maecenas at justo id velit velit id justo at Maecenas . elit ultricies accumsan morbi habitant Pellentesque est. placerat, egestas eros porttitor enean A tellus. quis, condimentum . . dui aliquam vulputate Suspendisse . vestibulum , , magna magna Morbi . lacus quis velit arcu . eros eget . . volutpat vestibulum felis vitae lacus vel Mauris

, amet it Ut . faucibus Pellentesque r. torto nec felis posuere , amet sit euismod , nec venenatis , quam nunc , eu fringilla , malesuada dapibus enim, ante Duis tincidunt lectus quis dui viverra viverra dui quis lectus tincidunt Duis . nibh quis eleifend eleifend quis justo, gravida nunc sem rhoncus, metus sollicitudin ivamus V felis. id Fusce . orci Quisque dignissim congue leo. congue dignissim Quisque volutpat.

Mauris m. ges In egestas. turpis ac fames malesuada et netus Mauris . aliquam iaculis enim vitae ante a Cras Ut . urna quis Integer elit. id Cras . egestas turpis , , amet sit posuere , at bibendum , et elementum consequat at nisl placerat, Maecenas . mauris at mi vitae, consequat in, sollicitudin ac, auctor , est odio liquam erat erat liquam A . lacus eget Nam . quam Duis

. odio non n ene e e en Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et et senectus tristique morbi habitant Pellentesque . odio non lectus dictum Donec . molestie placerat ac fames malesuada et netus et senectus tristique ante, mauris Praesent . diam nonummy eleifend liquam vehicula vehicula liquam A . augue ut dui elementum Nulla Sed tellus. vitae, imperdiet non, mattis a, tincidunt nibh. venenatis pede convallis Donec . dolor vel

t velit id la la pl . eros eget velit id justo at Maecenas . elit ultricies accumsan morbi habitant Pellentesque est. , placerat egestas Sed massa. , mattis laoreet at, condimentum . . dui aliquam vulputate Suspendisse . vestibulum , magna magna Morbi . lacus quis velit arcu eros porttitor Aenean tellus. quis, condimentum

Ut . bus metus sollicitudin vamus Vi . felis id Fusce . orci Ut . faucibus Pellentesque r. torto nec felis posuere , amet sit euismod , nec venenatis quam, nunc , , id egestas leo, enim Nullam mi. ut Morbi cursus. viverra dui quis lectus tincidunt Duis . nibh eleifend quis , justo gravida nunc sem , rhoncus , , eu fringilla malesuada, dapibus enim, ante

In as. vitae, consequat in, sollicitudin ac, auctor est, odio In egestas. turpis ac fames malesuada et netus Mauris . aliquam iaculis enim vitae ante a Cras Nam Nam . elit adipiscing consectetuer amet, sit dolor , , amet sit posuere at, bibendum , et elementum consequat at nisl placerat, Maecenas . mauris at mi Ut . urna quis Integer . elit id Cras egestas. turpis

t e us Sed Sed tellus. vitae, imperdiet non, mattis a, tincidunt et senectus tristique morbi habitant Pellentesque odio. non lectus dictum Donec molestie. placerat Nunc porta convallis pede.Lorem ipsum ipsum pede.Lorem convallis porta Nunc . lorem , , ante mauris Praesent diam. nonummy eleifend vehicula liquam A . augue ut dui elementum Nulla

I started by creating vector and digital ac fames malesuada et netus et senectus tristique

, , magna magna Morbi lacus. quis velit arcu . eros eget velit id justo at Maecenas . elit ultricies accumsan , , et fermentum eget, dictum , luctus nonummy Sed Sed . massa mattis, laoreet at, condimentum . dui aliquam vulputate Suspendisse . vestibulum morbi habitant Pellentesque . est , placerat egestas

quis eleifend eleifend quis justo, gravida nunc sem , rhoncus metus sollicitudin vamus Vi . felis id Fusce orci. Ut . faucibus Pellentesque . tortor nec felis posuere uer , , arcu nulla Proin . hymenaeos inceptos per , , id egestas leo, enim Nullam mi. ut Morbi cursus. viverra dui quis lectus tincidunt Duis . nibh , , amet sit euismod nec, venenatis , quam nunc

consequat at nisl placerat, Maecenas mauris. at mi vitae, consequat , in sollicitudin ac, auctor est, odio In egestas. turpis ac fames malesuada et netus , , nostra conubia per torquent litora ad sociosqu Nam Nam . elit adipiscing consectetuer amet, sit dolor amet, sit posuere , at bibendum , et elementum Mauris aliquam. iaculis enim vitae ante a Cras

Aliquam vehicula vehicula Aliquam augue. ut dui elementum Nulla Sed tellus. vitae, imperdiet non, mattis a, tincidunt et senectus tristique morbi habitant Pellentesque Class aptent taciti taciti aptent Class . nisl sed est massa ultricies a Nunc porta convallis pede.Lorem ipsum ipsum pede.Lorem convallis porta Nunc . lorem ante, mauris Praesent diam. nonummy eleifend . . odio non lectus dictum Donec .

road maps and exploring graphics within molestie placerat

. . dui aliquam vulputate Suspendisse . vestibulum , magna magna Morbi lacus. quis velit arcu eros. eget mi, consectetuer mi neque cursus, tempor eget est , , et fermentum , eget dictum luctus, nonummy Sed massa. , mattis laoreet at, condimentum velit id justo at Maecenas . elit ultricies accumsan

viverra dui quis lectus tincidunt Duis . nibh eleifend quis , justo gravida nunc sem , rhoncus metus sollicitudin vamus Vi . felis id Fusce . orci nt n unt u r, ullamcorpe In nulla. sed, blandit , vel interdum arcu, nulla Proin . hymenaeos inceptos per , id egestas leo, enim Nullam . mi ut Morbi cursus. Ut . faucibus Pellentesque r. torto nec felis posuere

amet, sit posuere at, bibendum , et elementum consequat at nisl placerat, Maecenas mauris. at mi vitae, consequat in, sollicitudin ac, auctor , est odio , , nec interdum libero, massa In enim. mattis, , , nostra conubia per torquent litora ad sociosqu Nam . elit adipiscing consectetuer , amet sit dolor In In . egestas turpis ac fames malesuada et netus

ante, mauris Praesent diam. nonummy eleifend vehicula Aliquam augue. ut dui elementum Nulla Sed tellus. vitae, imperdiet non, mattis , a tincidunt porttitor porttitor , amet sit ultricies , nec malesuada , metus Class aptent taciti taciti aptent Class . nisl sed est massa ultricies a ipsum pede.Lorem convallis porta Nunc lorem. Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et et senectus tristique morbi habitant Pellentesque

Sed massa. mattis, laoreet at, condimentum . dui aliquam vulputate Suspendisse . vestibulum , magna magna Morbi . lacus quis velit arcu Mauris neque neque Mauris turpis. vel velit aliquet Maecenas mi, consectetuer mi neque cursus, tempor eget est , et fermentum , eget dictum luctus, nonummy vamus sollicitudin metus eget eros. eget metus sollicitudin vamus Vi

, , id egestas , leo enim Nullam mi. ut Morbi cursus. viverra dui quis lectus tincidunt Duis . nibh eleifend quis justo, gravida nunc sem , rhoncus Curabitur pede. Curabitur orci. egestas mi elit r, ullamcorpe In nulla. sed, blandit , vel interdum , arcu nulla Proin hymenaeos. inceptos per . . felis id Fusce orci. vitae, consequat , in sollicitudin

Nam Nam . elit adipiscing consectetuer , amet sit dolor amet, sit posuere , at bibendum , et elementum consequat at nisl placerat, Maecenas . mauris at mi congue gravida gravida congue elit, iaculis ipsum mauris r, sempe , , nec interdum libero, massa In enim. , mattis , nostra conubia per torquent litora ad sociosqu ac, auctor est, odio Sed tellus. vitae, imperdiet

Nunc porta convallis pede.Lorem ipsum ipsum pede.Lorem convallis porta Nunc lorem. , ante mauris Praesent diam. nonummy eleifend vehicula liquam A . augue ut dui elementum Nulla metus vitae adipiscing adipiscing vitae metus , eleifend Etiam . augue porttitor porttitor amet, sit ultricies , nec malesuada , metus taciti aptent Class . nisl sed est massa ultricies a , , non mattis , a tincidunt , that, as well as trying out textures magna magna Morbi

, , et fermentum , eget dictum , luctus nonummy Sed . massa mattis, laoreet at, condimentum . dui aliquam vulputate Suspendisse . vestibulum hendrerit, condimentum , non volutpat eu, ultricies neque Mauris turpis. vel velit aliquet Maecenas mi, consectetuer mi neque cursus, tempor eget est lacus. quis velit arcu eleifend quis , justo gravida

, , arcu nulla Proin . hymenaeos inceptos per , id egestas leo, enim Nullam mi. ut Morbi cursus. viverra dui quis lectus tincidunt Duis . nibh nibh, risus Suspendisse accumsan. hendrerit Curabitur pede. Curabitur orci. egestas mi elit r, ullamcorpe In nulla. sed, blandit vel, interdum sem nunc nunc sem rhoncus, consequat at nisl , placerat

, , nostra conubia per torquent litora ad sociosqu Nam . elit adipiscing consectetuer , amet sit dolor amet, sit posuere , at bibendum et, elementum Donec quis mi sed magna magna sed mi quis Donec . diam , sed tincidunt congue gravida gravida congue , elit iaculis ipsum mauris r, sempe , nec interdum libero, massa In enim. , mattis Maecenas . mauris at mi vehicula Aliquam

Class aptent taciti taciti aptent Class nisl. sed est massa ultricies a ipsum pede.Lorem convallis porta Nunc . lorem , ante mauris Praesent . diam nonummy eleifend , , ut malesuada eu, luctus ipsum, metus Curabitur metus vitae adipiscing adipiscing vitae metus , eleifend Etiam . augue porttitor , amet sit ultricies , nec malesuada , metus . . augue ut dui elementum Nulla . dui aliquam

mi, consectetuer mi neque cursus, tempor eget est , et fermentum , eget dictum luctus, nonummy Sed massa. , mattis laoreet at, condimentum tellus. at elit elementum Praesent gravida. , , hendrerit condimentum , non volutpat , eu ultricies neque Mauris . turpis vel velit aliquet Maecenas Suspendisse vulputate vulputate Suspendisse . vestibulum viverra dui

r, ullamcorpe In . nulla sed, blandit vel, interdum arcu, nulla Proin . hymenaeos inceptos per , id egestas leo, enim Nullam mi. ut Morbi . cursus Duis sed tellus et tortor vestibulum vestibulum tortor et tellus sed Duis . viverra nibh, risus Suspendisse . accumsan hendrerit pede. Curabitur orci. egestas mi elit Duis tincidunt lectus quis quis lectus tincidunt Duis . nibh amet, sit posuere

, , nec interdum libero, massa In enim. , mattis , nostra conubia per torquent litora ad sociosqu Nam . elit adipiscing consectetuer , amet sit dolor accumsan nisi a diam iaculis Donec . elit nec nisl Donec quis mi sed magna magna sed mi quis Donec diam. sed, tincidunt gravida congue , elit iaculis ipsum mauris r, sempe , , at bibendum et, elementum ,

through images and text. The vectors ante mauris Praesent porttitor porttitor , amet sit ultricies , nec malesuada , metus taciti aptent Class . nisl sed est massa ultricies a ipsum pede.Lorem convallis porta Nunc lorem. at cursus magna magna cursus at , , , ut malesuada , eu luctus ipsum, metus Curabitur adipiscing vitae metus eleifend, Etiam . augue . . diam nonummy eleifend Sed . massa , mattis ipsum dui aliquet felis aliquet dui ipsum iaculis,

Mauris neque neque Mauris . turpis vel velit aliquet Maecenas mi, consectetuer mi neque cursus, tempor eget est , et fermentum eget, dictum luctus, nonummy , hendrerit condimentum , non volutpat eu, ultricies laoreet laoreet , at condimentum id, egestas leo, enim augue et malesuada malesuada et augue , congue Integer elit. gravida tellus. at elit elementum Praesent . gravida

Curabitur pede. Curabitur . orci egestas mi elit r, ullamcorpe In nulla. , sed blandit , vel interdum arcu, nulla Proin . hymenaeos inceptos per Nullam Nullam mi. ut Morbi . cursus Nam . elit adipiscing nibh, risus Suspendisse . accumsan hendrerit Morbi ornare ornare Morbi mi. a, commodo , ut vestibulum vestibulum tortor et tellus sed Duis . viverra

congue gravida gravida congue , elit iaculis ipsum mauris r, sempe nec, interdum libero, massa In enim. , mattis nostra, conubia per torquent litora ad sociosqu consectetuer , amet sit dolor ipsum Lorem Donec quis mi sed magna magna sed mi quis Donec . diam , sed tincidunt , , accumsan bibendum , augue ligula stibulum Ve accumsan nisi a diam iaculis Donec . maps seemed to work functionally but elit nec nisl they did not appeal to me visually. Even the explorations with texture and text Digital texture exploration. gave it some depth, the fact that it was a digital product made it feel flat and too neutral.

74 75 Exploring shape and form of the map itself.

Vector patterns and graphics I made to use as background motifs in the map.

76 77 Digital explorations using vectors for the main body of the map.

78 79 I printed out the road networks on to A3 sheets and began experimenting with inks, watercolors and acrylics. I created multiple pieces using a mixed media approach, with old magazines, fabric, paints and carbon paper. This over all seemed to appeal not only to me but also to whoever viewed it. The unusual approach to map-making made it feel more fresh and interesting.

80 81 First set of explorations using a range of materials. (Acrylic, markers, watercolors, collage and ink on cartridge paper.)

82 83 84 85 Before I fixed on this style I tried another variation with inks but though this seemed visually interesting, and worked well as a map, it did not look and feel exciting enough. The illustrations did not add enough insight but rather the symbolization of each part of the map seemed to trivialize the content and the background story of the map itself.

86 87 Illustration explorations using ink.

88 89 white acrylic with rough edges in black ink. The white acrylic would allow my next layer to stand out and not be dulled by the brown base. I use black and white as the first layer as I wanted it to be a neutral wash. The third layer was adding in bits of fabric mostly with floral FINALIZING MEDIUM prints to denote the parks and lakes in the map.

When I started working on my final pieces I decided to use brown paper sheets as my background and base because of the scale of each map. The brown paper let me explore color and style within that, as well as understand the scale of an A0 size sheet. The A0 size as my final output was decided as the best option as it would give the map a large enough canvas for text and image, as well as almost demand the viewer to look and notice the map and be fully immersed in it.

On the brown paper after my initial experiments I added the first layer which were cut outs from newspapers, magazines, photocopies of my research material, parts from my notebook and Illustrating the map in black ink. so on. The second layer was a coat of

90 91 Experimenting with different mediums on brown paper. French Bangalore Background.

92 93 I had got a single stencil for each map with the roads cut out. The roads were spray painted on to the main background, and I used the reverse side of the stencils to get inverse prints of the map, i.e., the road networks in white. After the marking out of the road STENCILS networks I got all the A0 backgrounds scanned.

On to the fabric background I now needed to add the road networks. At first I planned to add the roads entirely on illustrator, but after a few tries with the same it felt forced and the two Texture after the first layer of acrylic. layers seemed like separate entities. To make the roads by hand and to mark out the exact network I created a stencil which was later laser cut on a thin MDF board. Using this extremely delicate stencil I first did some color explorations. My colors were limited by the form of the map itself as I could not use greens and blues for the road networks because of their obvious associations in a map, as well as colors like red and brown came with their own set of connotations. My final color palette was pink, purple, yellow and black.

94 95 Digital image of the Modern Bagnalore stencil. Digital image of the British Bagnalore stencil.

96 97 Scan of the background for British Bangalore.

Digital image of the French Bagnalore stencil.

98 99 Laser cut stencil of the French Bangalore map. French Bangalore stencil.

100 101 COLOR

For my road networks I used colors that would stand out. The background was quite busy and the stencil allowed me to give importance to the road networks. The roads in the Modern Bangalore map were spray painted in black and the inverse was done in orange and purple inks. For the British Bangalore map I used yellow spray paint for the roads and red, orange and yellow inks for the inverse. In French Bangalore I used purple spray paint for the roads, with purple, orange and pink inks for the inverse.

Spray painting roads and aligning the stencil to get the inverse image of the spaces between the roads.

102 103 Scans of color explorations for road networks.

104 105 Scan of the background for French Bangalore.

Scan of the background for Bangalore Modern. Scan of the background for British Bangalore.

106 107 RE-WORKING SCANS

The hi-res scans of the mixed media backgrounds allowed me to use the textures and alter the colors and enhance the road networks. I digitally highlighted the parks and lakes in each of the maps, and dimmed the edges of the map so as to further amplify the visual of the map itself. I made sure to retain certain elements of the mixed media (fabric, magazine text, etc.) as they added depth to the background.

Color options and enhancing textures for parks and lakes.

108 109 Layout and title typeface explorations.

Layout of the stories placed radially around the map.

Exploring colors and texture of the scanned images.

110 111 Srirangapattana Rd. Garuda Gamba Garuda Gamba Garuda Gamba Garuda Gamba Canal Rd. The road leads to Srirangpattana City which was the Ruins of an old temple from the 16th Ruins of an old temple from Ruins of an old temple from the 16th Ruins of an old temple from The main road runs parallel to the canal connecting the capital of Mysore under Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan. Century. What remains now was a the 16th Century. What Century. What remains now was a the 16th Century. What two prominent lakes of bangalore Ulsoor and Lalbagh. MAIN HEADING The city flourished as a busy trade center and commer- remains now was a regular remains now was a regular With small bridges at intersections it is flanked by trees regular feature of Vaishnava-Hoysala regular feature of Vaishnava-Hoysala Garuda Gamba cial hub as well as a stronghold. Various Indo-Islamic temples. feature of Vaishnava-Hoysala temples. feature of Vaishnava-Hoysala on either side. Ruins of an old temple from monuments dot the road from Bangalore to Sriranga- temples. temples. the 16th Century. What pattana, such as Tipu Sultan's palaces, the Darya at point 72 Garuda Gamba Garuda Gamba Garuda remains now was a regular Garuda Gamba Garuda Gamba Daulat and the Jumma Maseedi. feature of Vaishnava-Hoysala Ruins of an old temple from Ruins of an old temple from the 16th Century. Ruins of an old temple from Gamba Ruins of an old temple from the 16th temples. the 16th Century. What What remains now was a regular feature of the 16th Century. What Ruins of an Century. What remains now was a subheading at 60 remains now was a regular Vaishnava-Hoysala temples. remains now was a regular old temple regular feature of Vaishnava-Hoysala Garuda Gamba Garuda MI s8 feature of Vaishnava-Hoysala from the 16th feature of Vaishnava-Hoysala Ruins of an old temple from the 16th Century. What remains now was a temples. Gamba temples. Century. temples. Ruins of an Indian Institute of Science Garuda Gamba Jayanagar is a residential and commercial Garuda Musée Français Garuda Gamba Canal Rd. The Jumma Masjid Garuda Gamba old temple A public institution for scientific and technological research Ruins of an old temple from the 16th Century. What neighborhood. The foundation was laid in the Gamba The Museum situated near the Bibliothèque in the Ruins of an old temple from The main road runs parallel to the canal connecting the The Jumma Masjid located near the butchers market in Ruins of an old temple from from the 16th Body copy at point 48MAIN and higher education. In an accidental meeting between remains now was a regular feature of Vaishnava- year 1948. It was one of the first planned neigh- Ruins of an French Town of Bangalore holds relics and memorabilia the 16th Century. What two prominent lakes of bangalore Ulsoor and Lalbagh. french part of the city is said to be one of the oldest the 16th Century. What Century. Jamsetji Tata (founder) and Swami Vivekananda on a ship Hoysala temples. borhoods in Bangalore and at the time, the old temple of the French settlements as well as archaeological find- remains now was a regular With small bridges at intersections it is flanked by trees mosques, built by Abdul Quddus in the early 19th cen- remains now was a regular in 1893, they discussed Tata's plan on bringing the steel largest in Asia. It has become a high end neigh- from the 16th ings from the Bangalore district, including sculptures feature of Vaishnava-Hoysala on either side. tury. It was earlier known as the Sangian Jamia Masjid. feature of Vaishnava-Hoysala HEADING at point 72 sub- Industry to India. He later wrote to Vivekananda: borhood housing the wealthy and affluent of Century. from the Chola and Hoysala dynasty. temples. It has a large prayer hall with granite pillars and floral temples. trust, you remember me as a fellow-traveller on your society. patterns adorning the outside walls. Garuda Gamba Garuda Gamba Garuda Garuda Gamba Garuda Garuda Gamba voyage from Japan to Chicago. I very much recall at this heading at 60MAIN HEAD- Ruins of an old temple from the 16th Century. What remains now was a Ruins of an old AI s9 Gamba Ruins of an old temple from the 16th Gamba Ruins of an old temple from moment your views on the growth of the ascetic spirit in temple from the Ruins of an Century. What remains now was a Ruins of an the 16th Century. What India... I recall these ideas in connection with my scheme 16th Century. old temple regular feature of Vaishnava-Hoysala old temple remains now was a regular of Research Institute of Science for India, of which you ING at point 72 subheading What remains temples. from the 16th from the 16th feature of Vaishnava-Hoysala have doubtless heard or read now was a Century. Century. temples. MI s8 regular feature Bibliothèque Garuda Gamba Maison Du Gouverneur Garuda Gamba Joachim Miranda Cultural Institute Garuda Gamba at 60. more in 24 Body copy at point 48MAIN Freemasons Society (Lodge Sincere Amite) of Vaishnava- The French Library contains records of correspondence Ruins of an old r The governors mansion built in 1801 housed the gover- Ruins of an old temple from the 16th Century. The Cultural Institute lies in the Portuguese settlement Ruins of an old temple from HEADING at point 72 subheading at 60MAIN HEADING Lodge Sincere Amite was chartered in Hoysala temples. 1787 under the French Constitution of the and FrenchAI governancen2 in Bangalore and Pondicherry, nor generalAI p25 and his family. Now it is a private home What remains now was a regular feature of of Bangalore close to the french quarters. Named after the 16th Century. What at point 72 subheading at 60. Masons. It is one of the oldest buildings as well as genealogical records pertaining to the french owned by the ancestors of the last governor general of Vaishnava-Hoysala temples. Fr. Joachim Miranda of Goa who was a close friend of remains now was a regular settlers. The Library now acts as a research institute and French India, Georges Escargueil. Hyder Ali. feature of Vaishnava-Hoysala that still exist under the same function, the AI p6 Freemasons Society in Bangalore was first its collection of over 3,000 official records and 1,500 AI r8 temples. personal correspondence is being restored and convertedAI s4 Garuda Gamba officially formed in 1787 under the rule of AI p11 Garuda Gamba into digital formats. Garuda Gamba Garuda Gamba Garuda Gamba Garuda Gamba Ruins of an old r Ruins of an old temple from Hyder Ali. The Nawab of Carnatic, MI h3 AI r4 Ruins of an old temple from Ruins of an old temple from Ruins of an old temple from the 16th Century. Ruins of an old temple from the 16th Century. What Omdat-ul-Omra Bahadur was the first the 16th Century. What the 16th Century. What What remains now was a regular feature of the 16th Century. What remains now was a regular member of the freemasons society in south- The chamber Garuda Gamba Garuda Gamba remains now was a regular remains now was a regular Vaishnava-Hoysala temples. remains now was a regular feature of Vaishnava-Hoysala ern India. Beyond that the route of the of commerce Ruins of an old r feature of Vaishnava-Hoysala feature of Vaishnava-Hoysala feature of Vaishnava-Hoysala MI h4 Ruins of an old temple from the 16th temples. freemasons into Hyder's state is still un- also referred Century. What remains now was a temples. temples. temples. clear, but records show them as being a to in some Garuda Garuda Barak el Hadji Dargah small cult whose members were seen con- regular feature of Vaishnava-Hoysala Citadel Canal Rd. MI s9 circles as a temples. Gamba Gamba He was a Fakir in the court of Hyder Ali and was MI h15 MI h9 The citadel was the French stronghold in Bangalore. Construction of the citadel began in The main road runs parallel to the canal connecting the gregating but never identified. boardAI p3 of Ruins of an Ruins of an admired by other ministers for his loyalty and mysti- MI h8 1799 and was completed in 1814. The citadel had four bastion projections and its star two prominent lakes of bangalore Ulsoor and Lalbagh. old temple trade was Garuda Gamba old temple cism. A constant advisor who played a strong role in the AI s5 shaped structure helped defend its frontiers. Though the citadel never truly witnessed a With small bridges at intersections it is flanked by trees AI p12 founded in Ruins of an old from the 16th from the 16th latter part of Hyder Ali's life. The Dargah marks the battle it served more of a reminder of the foothold the French had in Bangalore and of on either side. Century. 1915. temple from the Century. shrine built by Hyder Ali in memory of Barak el Hadji AI p5 their immense military and defense abilities. The citadel housed a number of external What remains when he died in mysterious circumstances not far from 16th Century. MI h14 AI r7 buildings, including a stable, prison, store houses, a smithery and so on. Of these only the Garuda Gamba now was a Lal bagh. His body was not found, and it is said that the AI r6 What remains stable and the prison still stand, the rest were demolished and replaced over time. Now the Ruins of an old temple from AI p10 now was a regular feature peepul tree that grows at the shrine emerged from his fort functions as a tourist attraction and a site for various cultural activities. It also has a MI h7 the 16th Century. What belly and his body and soul came to rest within the tree. vast museum which displays sketches and paintings of the fort by different artists over time AI n4 remains now was a regular Tipu's Palace Garuda Gamba Garuda Gamba AI p4 AI h4 and replicas of the blueprints of the fort. feature of Vaishnava-Hoysala The palace within the Ruins of an old temple from Ruins of an old temple from AI p7

AI p9 temples. Oval Fort was started by the 16th Century. What the 16th Century. What AI r5 Hyder Ali in 1781 and remains now was a regular Sangeen Jamia Masjid remains now was a regular Garuda Gamba Garuda Gamba Garuda Gamba Mulberry Orchards Bull Temple MI p2 Canal Rd. completed by Tipu in feature of Vaishnava-Hoysala Located in Taramandalpet built by the Moghuls (1687- feature of Vaishnava-Hoysala Ruins of an old r The main road runs parallel to the canal Ruins of an old temple from Ruins of an old temple from Tipu and Hyder Ali both were fond of gardens and The bull referred to as a sacred Hindu demi- 1791. A wooden structure temples. 1690) temples. the 16th Century. What the 16th Century. What orchards. Tipu Sultan in particular encouraged cultiva- god, known as Nandi; Nandi is a close devotee MI s1 connecting the two prominent lakes of of rose and teak wood remains now was a regular remains now was a regular tion of Mulberry in order to create a silk industry in his and attendant of Shiva. Dodda Basavana Gudi Garuda Gamba Garuda MI n6 AI r3 Bangalore, Ulsoor and Lalbagh. With with stone walls, it is said Gamba Soharwardi Order Sufi Saint Hazarat Tawakkal Mastan AI s3 small bridges at intersections it is flanked feature of Vaishnava-Hoysala feature of Vaishnava-Hoysala empire and form trade alliances. Much of the planta- is said to be the biggest temple to Nandi in the Ruins of an old AI h3 that the wooden logs used Shah Dargah (Cottonpet) temples. temples. tions still survive and our owned by the government. world. The stone cult image of Nandi is temple from the Ruins of an by trees on either side. for construction were AI h6 The orchards now house a small museum showcasing 16th Century. old temple Established in 1537 by Kempe Gowda I, it had roads laid out in Garuda Gamba Bull Temple immersed for long periods the designs of the orchard and its irrigation channels. What remains from the 16th prominent directions and entrance gates at integral points of the Ruins of an old r The bull referred to as a sacred Hindu demi- in the Cauvery for season- AI p1 now was a Century. fort. Kempe Gowda called the pette "Gandu Bhoomi", the "land ing. god, known as Nandi; Nandi is a close devotee regular feature What remains of heroes." The Petta was formed of well defined markets with and attendant of Shiva. Dodda Basavana Gudi Garuda Gamba Garuda Gamba of Vaishnava- now was a specific purposes. is said to be the biggest temple to Nandi in the Ruins of an old temple from the 16th Ruins of an old Hoysala temples. regular feature world. The stone cult image of Nandi is MI h11 Century. What remains now was a temple from the Napoleon Rd. regular feature of Vaishnava-Hoysala Hazrat Masjid British Library Garuda Garuda Gamba Garuda Gamba 16th Century. Tipu Sultan and Hyder Ali had a long history with the temples. After Hyder Ali's accession to the throne, he wanted to renovate a part of the palace. AI p19 Gamba Ruins of an old Ruins of an old temple from What remains AI n1 French. At the height of the British in southern India, Three men - Hazrat Tipu Mastan, Hazarat Manik Mastan, and Hazrat Tawakkal Mastan AI p18 Ruins of an temple from the the 16th Century. What now was a Tipu sent a letter to Napoleon Bonaparte requesting - came to Bangalore and joined the work force at the construction site. The three worked MI s7 old temple 16th Century. remains now was a regular AI s7 reinforcements and help. The invasion of Egypt by Garuda Gamba LAYOUT during day, and spent the night, in prayers. The three, would not draw salaries and would MI r2 from the 16th What remains feature of Vaishnava-Hoysala MI h6 AI h5 MI n3 Napoleon had an ulterior motive of creating a junction Ruins of an old temple from be missing on salary-day. Hyder Ali asked his commander to enquire into the mystery. The Century. now was a temples. MI r1 with Tipu against the British. Napoleon assured to the the 16th Century. What commander learnt that the three went to a mosque in the petter after work and slept there. What remains remains now was a regular Oval Fort Garuda Gamba French Directory that "as soon as he had conquered Garuda Gamba When he went there to look for them, he saw no laborers, but only three parts of a human now wasAI a n5 feature of Vaishnava-Hoysala Constructed by Chikkade- MI s5 Ruins of an old temple from Egypt, he will establish relations with the Indian princes Ruins of an old temple from body, with two dogs standing guard over them. The commander narrated this to Hyder, regular feature temples. varaja Wodeyar was the 16th Century. What MI p5 and, together with them, attack the English in their the 16th Century. What who realized instantly that the three were not laborers, but great saints. Tawakkal Mastan remains now was a regular settled in Bangalore and when Hyder Ali visited the place to grant the saint a gift, the expanded by Hyder Ali in remains now was a regular MI h10 possessions." According to a 13 February 1798 report by Garuda Gamba feature of Vaishnava-Hoysala Talleyrand: "Having occupied and fortified Egypt, we feature of Vaishnava-Hoysala Ruins of an old saint, asked Hyder Ali to build a mosque. Work on the mosque began in 1777 and was 1761. Modeled after the AI p21 AI p17 AI s8 temples. MI p4 temples.

Mughal fort inMI Sira, n2 it was MI p6 shall send a force of 15,000 men from Suez to India, to temple from the completed in 1783 by his son Tipu Sultan. The mosque still stands and is a widely visited p22 AI constructed entirely of AI p23 join the forces of Tipu-Sahib and drive away the Eng- 16th Century. pilgrimage site. Lal Bagh AI s6 AI p26 Warehouses Garuda Gamba granite. AI h1 lish." What remains The original plans for the gardens were laid Much of this area was owned by Sir Arcot Narayan- Ruins of an old now was a out by Hyder Ali, fashioned in the style of swamy Mudaliar (1827-1910), a wealthy businessman temple from the Garuda Gamba Garuda Gamba Mughal and French gardening techniques. AI p14 AI p24 and noted philanthropist. As an industrious businessman 16th Century. MI n4 Ruins of an old r Ruins of an old temple from The gardens were completed and later ex- MI h13 he restored the existing french storerooms and ware- What remains AI h1 AI n3 the 16th Century. What tended by his son and his successor, Tipu MI n5 MI s6 houses and converted them to granaries which stored now was a remains now was a regular Sultan. The gardens have a large lake en- Garuda Gamba the produce of the adjacent flour mill. Now they func- regular feature MI h5 Louis XVI Coronation Garden feature of Vaishnava-Hoysala closed within the area which provides sur- Ruins of an old tion as storage for the nearby grape plantations. of Vaishnava- MI s4 The gardens were privately funded and temples. plus irrigational needs for the gardens. temple from the Hoysala temples. MI h2 MI h12 AI n6 built in 1815 in memory of Louis XVI

MI n1 p15 AI 16th Century. Sigekavi Hedge Garuda Gamba thirty years after his coronation to Maison Verte What remains The old pette area was surrounded by a green belt of Ruins of an old temple from the 16th Century. re-infuse french patriotism in the city. AI r1 now was a The green house and conservatory located What remains now was a regular feature of The gardens' construction was met with the plant Shikakai, which was used as a local cosmetic inside Lal Bagh was a designed by a little AI s1 Garuda Gamba AI p2 Ulsoor Lake mixed responses and came to a stop

and food agent. A large part of the green belt is now Ecole d'Art Deseine Rue Dervich Khan Initially I wanted the stories to be known french architect who worked under p16 AI multiple time by ardent followers of the manicured lawns, but Shikakai is still cultivated locally Ruins of an old r Claude Andre Deseine was a sculptor who formed the Ulsoor Lake is one of the many tanks that were created the pseudonym Guille in 1893. Little is One of the ambassadors to Paris in 1798. An oil paint- Bonaparte ideology. After a long standstill by the pette residents. MI p3 bust of Mohammed Osman Khan, one of Tipu Sultans by Kempe Gowda II during his reign of the area. The known about his life and other works. The MI s3 village of Bangalore was gifted to Kempe Gowda by the ing of him still stands in Musée Des Ambassadeurs the gardens were completed but no statue Garuda Gamba ambassadors in 1798. He travelled to India and formed Garuda Gamba building is designed in a minimalist avant Musée Des Ambassa- Vijaynagara Empire. The tank was built in the 16th Tipus, painted by Mme Vigee Lebrun. The ambassador was erected. Ruins of an old AI p13 a small studio in the countryside with a handful of disci- Ruins of an old temple from garde style with large doors and is based on deurs Tipus Century by his successor to take advantage of the natu- initially did not no wish to sit for the portrait but did so temple from the the 16th Century. What practicality and functionality. MI h1 The Museum of the ples. On his death the students structured it into a after an intervention from Louis XVI who succeeded in formal institute for learning and practice of the arts. ral drainage and climate. The lake was restored in 1794 16th Century. Garuda Gamba remains now was a regular Ambassadors of Tipu overcoming the Muslim ambassador's sensibilities on the Royal Cemetery Software by Tipu Sultan and the area was later given to the What remains Ruins of an old r feature of Vaishnava-Hoysala holds the artifacts and Bull Temple matter. The Royal Cemetery Technology French as a base for their operations. now was a temples. gifts his ambassadors to The bull referred to as a sacred Hindu demi- overlayed aboved the actual map but houses the tombs for the Parks of India (STPI) is a Paris received in 1787 god, known as Nandi; Nandi is a close devotee royal families of the Oval Located in Taramandalpet built by the Mughals (1687–1690) MI p1 Bull Temple Garuda Gamba by the various mem- and attendant of Shiva. Dodda Basavana Gudi Fort. The tombs of Tipu government The bull referred to as a sacred Hindu demi- Ruins of an old temple from the 16th Century. AI r3 bers of the court of is said to be the biggest temple to Nandi in the Sultan and Hyder Ali have run agency in god, known as Nandi; Nandi is a close devotee What remains now was a regular feature of Louis XVI and by the world. The stone cult image of Nandi is become pilgrimage sites. India, estab- and attendant of Shiva. Dodda Basavana Gudi Gowri Mahal Basvanagudi Taramandalpet monarch himself. It continually covered with new layers of Grape Fields The cemetery is only open lished in 1991 is said to be the biggest temple to Nandi in the Within the 40 year period when Bangalore was gov- In 1898 the city was wrecked by plague, thought to have "English and French artisans of the greatest also preserves their butter.how big is it, with butter etc. After the French had secured Bangalore they began to to the public on weekdays under the world. The stone cult image of Nandi is erned by the Marathas, Shahji built a palace called been brought into the city by a soldier coming from talents were assembled and constantly em- travel documents and convert the suburban farm areas into grapevine fields except friday from 8 to 3 AI p20 continually covered with new layers of Gowri Mahal in the Basavanagudi in1670 AD. Much of Garuda Gamba Madras by train. Seshadari Iyer designed a well defined The kings library situated close to the oval fort holds ployed in casting metal or brass guns and personal chronicles. after realizing that the soil and climate was proficient Bull Temple Garuda Gamba butter.how big is it, with butter etc. the palace was destroyed during the shifts of power. pm. Ruins of an old r and structured plan for a extension close to the bull the manufacture of muskets. They also that made the entire piece seem too all the documents and books that were part of the for grape cultivation. With the fields emerged a small The bull referred to as a sacred Ruins of an old What remains is the peripheral wall and the central temple, an area which had suffered under the plague Hyder-Tipu dynasty and records the growth and made scissors, pen knives, hour glasses, etc.. wine industry in the mid 1800's. The grape cultivation Hindu demi-god, known as temple from the building which now functions as a museum housing and needed to be reorganized. so that in the course of a month, one gun became a profitable business and its commercial viabil- 16th Century. Garuda Gamba communications of the city. The building still stands Rue Francis Ripaud Rue Francis Ripaud Nandi; Nandi is a close devotee Garuda Gamba Maratha artifacts, paintings, statues and ornaments and five or six muskets of the best kind were ity led to its expansion and popularity. The Grape fields Garuda What remains now Ruins of an old temple from and holds close to 5000 manuscripts, letters and ledg- From one of the papers found in Tipu's Palace, entitled From one of the papers found and attendant of Shiva. Dodda Ruins of an old Gamba which were later found during archaeological restora- completed. The Sultan's best manufactures became an extremely important aspect of Modern was a regular the 16th Century. What ers. "Proceedings of a Jacobin Club…". The paper lists 59 in Tipu's Palace, entitled Basavana Gudi is said to be the tions and excavations. were called Taramandal (constellation)." temple from the Bangalore and have propelled the city into one of the Ruins of an remains now was a regular Frenchman under the elected president, Francis "Proceedings of a Jacobin biggest temple to Nandi in the Bull Temple AI s2 16th Century. old temple Ripaud. In his speech before tree of liberty was Club…". The paper lists 59 largest wine producing districts in India. Garuda Gamba world. The stone cult image of feature of Vaishnava-Hoysala The bull referred to as a sacred Hindu demi- What remains Ruins of an old temple from the 16th from the 16th temples. planted and crowned with a Cap of Equality, Ripaud Frenchman under the elected Nandi is continually covered god, known as Nandi; Nandi is a close devotee now was a Century. challenged his compatriots, "Do you swear hatred to all president, Francis Ripaud. In Century. What remains now was a with new layers of butter.how and attendant of Shiva. Dodda Basavana Gudi intimidating and demanding. I simplified Garuda Gamba Bull Temple Bull Temple Garuda Gamba regular feature Canal Rd. regular feature of Vaishnava-Hoysala Garuda Krumbiegel Street Kings, except Tipoo Sultaun, the victorious, the ally of his speech before tree of liberty big is it, with butter etc. Ruins of an old temple from The bull referred to as a sacred Hindu demi- is said to be the biggest temple to Nandi in the The bull referred to as a sacred Ruins of an old of Vaishnava- The main road runs parallel to the canal connecting the Gamba Gustav Krumbiegel was a German landscape-designer the French Republic - war against all tyrants and love was planted and crowned with temples. the 16th Century. What god, known as Nandi; Nandi is a close devotee world. The stone cult image of Nandi is Hindu demi-god, known as temple from the Hoysala temples. two prominent lakes of bangalore Ulsoor and Lalbagh. Ruins of an and horticultralist. Under him Bangalore was trans- towards your country and that of Citizen Tippoo." a Cap of Equality, Ripaud remains now was a regular and attendant of Shiva. Dodda Basavana Gudi continually covered with new layers of Nandi; Nandi is a close devotee 16th Century. With small bridges at intersections it is flanked by trees old temple Garuda Gamba formed into a 'Blossoming City' by planning and plant- The rest of the members replied "Yes! We swear to live challenged his compatriots, Garuda Gamba Garuda Gamba feature of Vaishnava-Hoysala is said to be the biggest temple to Nandi in the butter.how big is it, with butter etc. and attendant of Shiva. Dodda What remains on either side. from the 16th Ruins of an old r ing flowering trees such that there were blooms on the free or die." "Do you swear hatred to all Ruins of an old Ruins of an old temple from the 16th temples. world. The stone cult image of Nandi is Basavana Gudi is said to be the now was a Century. city avenues through the year. temple from the Century. What remains now was a continually covered with new layers of biggest temple to Nandi in the regular feature Garuda Gamba What remains Garuda Gamba Garuda Gamba Garuda Gamba Garuda Gamba 16th Century. regular feature of Vaishnava-Hoysala butter.how big is it, with butter etc. world. The stone cult image of of Vaishnava- Ruins of an old r now was a Ruins of an old Ruins of an old temple from the 16th Ruins of an old temple from the 16th Ruins of an old temple from What remains temples. Nandi is continually covered Hoysala temples. the design and decided to only have the regular feature temple from the Century. What remains now was a Century. What remains now was a the 16th Century. What now was a with new layers of butter.how regular feature 16th Century. Garuda Gamba regular feature of Vaishnava-Hoysala regular feature of Vaishnava-Hoysala remains now was a regular big is it, with butter etc. of Vaishnava- What remains Ruins of an old r temples. temples. feature of Vaishnava-Hoysala now was a temples. Hoysala temples. image of the map with the title. After adding the road names the map seemed Layout of the stories placed radially around the map. to not have enough information about the fictional city it represented and so I added a shortened story of the map as well as a timeline.

112 113 TYPEFACE TITLE FONT LEGENDS

Choosing the typefaces for the final The symbols used in the legends are pieces was a long and tiring task. I ROADNAMES extremely simple since they would be experimented with numerous hand American Typewriter placed directly onto the map. I kept the drawn type and tried ‘culturally’ symbols in black and white so that they relevant type for each map but finally BODY COPY / TIMELINE stand out easily and do not compete decided to maintain the same typeface with the textures and colors of the map. for all three maps. I tried to refrain Brandon Grotesque from experimenting too much with placement and size as the map itself was AREA NAME rather complex. Travelling Typewriter GOVERNMENT LANDMARKS BUILDINGS, PLACES TO & NOTABLE INSTITUTIONS & SEE OTHER ESTABLISHMENTS PLACES

HOSPITALS, RELIGIOUS CAFE’S, MEDICAL CENTERS & SPIRITUAL PUBS AND CLINICS SITES & EATING JOINTS

EDUCATIONAL, PLACES OF ADDITIONAL RESEARCH AND HISTORICAL CONTENT TRAINING INSTITUTES VALUE

114 115 First version of the maps with complete information.

116 117 PART FOUR

FINAL MAPS

118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 Chakravarty and Supradip Das. Their constant feedback and advice was invaluable to the project.

I want to also thank the following people from Srishti: Manasee Jog, Kruti Saraiya, Ramesh Kalkur, Mary Jacob, ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Jackson Porretta and Abhiyan Humane.

I would like to thank all the staff at When I started work on my project Srishti who let us work late, long after I felt overwhelmed and unprepared. the college had emptied. If it had not been for all the people who supported and encouraged me The love and encouragement of my this project would have been stuck friends who pacified each panic attack PART FIVE in the corridors of lost ideas. I would and ensured a steady supply of coffee like to thank my family for all the and tea to last through the night support and motivation. My mum, who assuring that the project progressed proofread and edited all my content smoothly. I would like to thank the and suggested important corrections following people: and improvements. Thank you dad for always cheering me up with stories Madhav Chatterjee, Karthik Ilango, of sundays well spent. I would like Siddhanth Shetty, Kavya Satyakumar, to thank Tara Puri and Benoit Dillet Nupur Panemangalore, Angad Gadgil, END whose interest in my project was Nikhil Patil, Gauri Malhotra, Rahul encouragement in itself. Chacko, Amey Bansod, Deepak Mallya, Ashish Panday, Shelly Sharma, Tejas I would like to give a special thanks to Pande and Krupakar Dhinakaran. I want my panel members, Raghavendra to show my gratitude to the rest of my Rao, Narendra Raghunath, Arnab batch who I have not mentioned as it is

126 127 a long list for the much appreciated Penguin Books, 2008 post-review get togethers. Landscapes of Urban Memory The Sacred and the Civin in India’s High Tech City Finally I would like to thank Ampat Smriti Srinivas Orient Longman, 2004 Varghese whose interest in the project emboldened me about my work. The The Promise of the Metropolis Bangalore’s Twentieth Century final product would not have been Janaki Nair Oxford, 2005 possible without his indispensable input. SOURCES The Power of Maps Denis Wood The Guilford Press, 1992 BOOKS 50 Years of Recuperation of Bengaluru to Bangalore the Situationist International Urban History of Bangalore from the Pre-Historic McKenzie Wark Period to the End of 18th Century Buell Center/FORuM Project and Princeton T.V. Annaswamy Architectural Press, 2008 Vengadam Publications, 2003 Monkey Tops The Nature of Maps Elizabeth Staley Cartographic Constructions of the Natural World Tara Books, 1981 Denis Wood & John Fels The University of Chicago Press, 2008 WEBSITES

Deccan Traverses The Timeline of Bangalore The Making of Bangalore’s Terrain Available at: http://www.bangalorebest.com/ Anuradha Mathur & Dilip da Cunha discoverbangalore/sightseeing/TimeLine Rupa Publications, 2008 Gazetteer of Mysore by B. L. Rice Bangalore Through the Centuries Available at: http://books.google.co.in/ M. Fazlul Hasan books?id=p0wSoEIub1YC&pg Historical Publications, 1970 Archives of Empire: Volume I. From The East India Peter Colaco’s Bangalore Company to the Suez Canal Edited by Mia Carter and A Centure of Tales from City & Cantonment Barbara Harlow Via Media Books, 2003 Available at: http://books.google.co.in/ books?id=13pyxO8o4moC&pg Multiple City Writings on Bangalore History of Mandya District Edited by Aditi De http://www.mandya.nic.in/history.htm

128 129 Kingdom of Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan by Anwar Haroon Available at: http://books.google.co.in/ books?id=S2PUU22CeRkC&pg

The Indian Memory Project http://www.indianmemoryproject.com/ about/#sthash.3rLx7izZ.dpbs

The Parks of Bangalore Available at: http://ramubangalore.blogspot. in/2013/03/the-parks-of-bangalore.html

Hyperreal Cartography and the Unrealized City http://hyperrealcartography.tumblr.com/

Collection of work by Paul Fernandes Available at: http://www.flickr.com/photos/paul- fernandes/sets/72157629354105429/

Gold, Sport, and Coffee Planting in Mysore by Robert H. Elliot, 1898 Available at: http://www.gutenberg.org/files/13746

Bangalore in the late 1920’s http://www.children-of-bangalore.com/1920.htm

Bendakalooru to Bangalore http://horizon-infinite.blogspot.in/2013/01/ bandakalooru-to-bangalore.html

Tag: Maps on Kottke http://kottke.org/tag/maps

City of Forsaken Lakes http://ces.iisc.ernet.in/energy/wetlandnews/forsaken. htm

Tag: Maps on This is Colossal http://www.thisiscolossal.com/tags/maps

Article: Unrest in India Available at:http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/ page/3532902

130 131 This book is a part of a larger project by Surasti Kaur Puri produced as a diploma project for Srishti School of Art, Design and Technology

132 133 134 135 136 137 138