The Bronze Age Funerary Cups of Northern England

Vol II of II

D.L.Hallam

MPhil

UNIVERSITY OF BRADFORD

2015

The Bronze Age Funerary Cups of Northern England

Vol II of II

Deborah Louise Hallam

Submitted for the Degree of Master of Philosophy

School of Archaeological Sciences

Faculty of Life Sciences

UNIVERSITY OF BRADFORD

2015

Table of Contents Appendix 1: Inhumation positioning, gender and age detail ...... 202 Appendix 2: Cup Association Data Tables ...... 203 Appendix 2.1 Cup Motif Comparisons ...... 209 Appendix 2.2 List of Cups by Type ...... 213 Appendix 3: Radiocarbon Dates pertaining to the North of England ...... 223 Appendix 3.1 Dating system ...... 225 Appendix 4: Cup Distribution Maps ...... 226 All Cup Types ...... 226 Biconical Type 1 Cups ...... 231 Miniature Type 2 Cups ...... 232 Fenestrated and stylised Type 3 Cups ...... 233 Splayed Wall Type 4 Cups ...... 234 Thick based simple Type 5 Cups ...... 235 Type 6 Oval Cups ...... 236 All Cups by Type ...... 237 Appendix 5: The Cup listings and catalogue ...... 238 Appendix 5.1 Listing of Cups by numerical order ...... 239 Appendix 5.2: Listing of Cups in alphabetical order and page number ...... 242 Appendix 5.3 The Cup Catalogue ...... 248 Appendix 6: Grave plans and Cup positions ...... 537 Appendix 6.1 Cup position with unburnt remains ...... 538 Appendix 6.2 Cup position with burnt remains ...... 541 Bibliography ...... 546

i

Appendix 1: Inhumation positioning, gender and age detail

Name Side Position Orientation Sex or Age

Acklam Wold (91) Right E-W, facing south Adult

Bolton Haulgh Hall (41) Unknown N-S Unknown

Brassington Galley Low (16) Unknown Unknown 2 ‘young persons’, other

Multiple inhumation (4) two unknown

Clifton on Irwell (42) Unknown Unknown Unknown

Ganton Brough (121, 235) Left N-S Adult male (20?)

Multiple inhumation (2) Right N-S Young female (17?)

facing each other

Garton Slack (73) Supine, knees N-S A ‘young and slender

bent person’

Garton Slack (74) Left E-W Head to the A middle aged female

East

Garton Slack (75) Left NE-SW Child aged 5-7

Goodmanham Paulinus (83) Left E-W Child 2-3 years

Hanging Grimston (126) Right E-W Child

Pickering 4m NW (146) ‘Contracted’ Unknown Unknown

Staxton Beacon (239) Unknown Unknown Unknown

Tissington Crake Low (38) Unknown Unknown Unknown

Wetwang Slack (230) Right E-W Child

202

Appendix 2: Cup Association Data Tables

Notes

Only definite associations have been included in this data. For completeness, the full Cup catalogue is shown however if an entry is blank, there is no information available.

For the cremations, a large percentage of antiquarian references use descriptions such as ‘heaped’ or ‘with burnt bone’ and it is not possible to determine a minimum number of individuals represented, nor if in fact if they were definitely human. An X represents a reference to a Cup being found in association with a cremation deposit and excludes those which only simply describe charcoal being present as this is not indicative of cremated remains.

Information about the age and sex of cremations and inhumations is fairly scant and only those specifically identified are detailed, leaving a proportion of remains unknown. No assumptions have been made.

The term CU is a Collared Urn and FV is a Food Vessel. Flints may have been recorded as simply that in the references, or may have been identified to type and where the type is known it is noted under the comments heading.

203

204

205

206

207

208

Appendix 2.1 Cup Motif Comparisons

Cup Beaker Food Vessel Collared Urn Technique

Yes Yes Yes Incised

Incised/ No No No Impressed

Yes Yes Yes Incised

Yes Yes Yes Incised

Yes Yes Yes Incised

Yes Yes Yes Incised

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Cup Beaker Food Vessel Collared Urn Technique

Yes Yes Yes Incised

Yes Yes Yes Incised

Yes Yes Yes Incised

Yes Yes No Rustication

No Yes Yes Twisted Cord

Yes No Yes Impressed/Incised

Yes Yes Yes Twisted Cord

Fingernail Yes Yes Yes Impressed

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Cup Beaker Food Vessel Collared Urn Technique

Fingernail Yes Yes Yes Impressed

No Yes No False Relief

No Yes No Impressed

Yes Yes No Gouged/chiselled

Yes Yes Yes Impressed

Yes Yes Yes Impressed

No Yes Yes Impressed

Yes Yes No Impressed

211

Cup Beaker Food Vessel Collared Urn Technique

Yes Yes No Impressed

No Yes No Plaited Cord

Yes Yes No Comb Impressed

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Appendix 2.2 List of Cups by Type Catalogue Ref Name Type

1 Aglionby 1 2 Broomrigg 1 3 Ewanrigg 1 5 Garlands (1999.823) 1 7 Garlands (1977.25.23) 1 9 Kirkoswald (1949.109.3) 1 10 Kirkoswald (1919.109.2) 1 11 Old Penrith 1 14 Skirwith Moor 1 15 Bradfield Barnside Common 1 17 Chapel en le frith 1 23 Middleton and Smerill 1 24 Stanton Moor (1979.985) 1 25 Stanton Moor (1981.1223) 1 26 Stanton Moor (1981.1221) 1 31 Stanton Moor (J93.884) 1 32 Stanton Moor (J 1979.980) 1 33 Stanton Moor (1979.904) 1 34 Stanton Moor (1926-35/3) 1 36 Stanton Moor (1926.35/5) 1 37 Stone Low 1 41 Bolton Haulgh Hall 1 42 Clifton on Irwell 1 43 Irwell Whitelow Hill 1 44 Radcliffe Ees 1 45 Bleasdale 1 46 Darwen (1) 1 47 Darwen (2) 1 48 Waddington Pinder Hill 1 61 Rothbury District 1 65 Bishop Burton 1 67 Calais Wold C70 1 68 Calais Wold (1942.605) 1 71 Etton Paulinus (1209.1150) 1 81 Goodmanham Enthorpe (1209.1169) 1 82 Goodmanham Jarrett (1209.1208) 1 84 Goodmanaham Wold 1 (1209.1987) 1

213

Catalogue Ref Name Type

87 Hutton Cranswick 1 93 Aldro (1942.601) 1 95 Aldro (1942.600) 1 96 Allerston Warren (J93.887) 1 97 Allerston Warren (J93.896) 1 100 Ampleforth (1973.84) 1 102 Aysgill Crake Close 1 111 Dalby Warren (1947.1059) 1 112 Dalby Warren (1947.1051) 1 113 Danby Rigg 1 114 Far Fields Lockton (1947.1060) 1 117 Fylingdales (1209.1671) 1 119 Ganton (1203.310) 1 120 Ganton (1209.331) 1 123 Great Ayton Moor 1 125 Guisborough (0410.11) 1 128 Hellifield 1 133 Hutton Buscel (1209.1316) 1 136 Hutton Moor 1 137 Irton Moor 1 138 Kingthorpe (1947.1056) 1 139 Kingthorpe (J93.895) 1 140 Loose Howe 1 141 Pickering (Nr. J93.877) 1 142 Pickering (Nr.J93.890) 1 145 Pickering (4M N J93.874) 1 149 Pickering (7M N J93.886) 1 151 Pickering (10M NE J93.875) 1 154 Saintoft 1 156 Scarborough Langdale End 1 157 Scarborough (Nr.) 1 159 Slingsby (1209.1272) 1 161 Slingsby (1209.1281) 1 165 Southern Black Howe (0410.30) 1 166 Suffield 1 167 Three Howes Glaisdale (0410.52) 1 168 Three Howes Glaisdale (0410.57) 1 170 Way Hagg Barrow 1 172 Western Howes Central 1 174 Whitby (0721.8) 1 175 Whitby (0712.9) 1

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Catalogue Ref Name Type

178 Arksey 1 181 Sheffield Crookes 1 182 Bradford Chellow Heights 1 184 Hopton Moor 1 185 Mitchell Laithes 1 186 Stanbury 1 187 Pule Hill 1 188 Todmorden 1A 1 190 Todmorden 6B 1 191 Todmorden 8 1 192 Warley Tower Hill 1 195 1947.1158 1 197 1947.1160.1 1 199 1947.1162 1 200 1947.1163 1 201 1947.1164 1 203 1947.1172 1 204 1947.1173 1 205 1947.1176 1 207 1947.1178 1 208 1947.1179 1 210 1947.1181 1 211 1947.1182 1 212 Coniston Banniside Moor 1 213 Dean 1 214 Stonebridge 1 220 Lancaster 1 224 Doddington 1 226 Ord 1 234 Fylingdales Ravenhill 1 237 Ingleby Greenhow 1 240 Thornton in Craven 1 6 Garlands (1999.824) 2 12 Roose (07906) 2 13 Roose (07907) 2 16 Brassington Galley Low 2 18 Doll Tor (1981.1245) 2 19 Doll Tor (1981.1244) 2 20 Doll Tor (1981.1243) 2 22 Matlock Bridge (Nr.) 2

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Catalogue Ref Name Type

27 Stanton Moor (1979.1088) 2 39 Youlgreave 2 49 Belsay Castle (Nr.) 2 50 Ford (1209.1741) 2 53 Haydon Bridge 2 54 Holystone Common 2 56 Lucker 2 58 Newton Well House Farm 2 60 Rosedean 2 62 South Charlton 2 63 Unprovenanced (ACAT 3) 2 64 Binnington 2 66 Bridlington (Nr.) 2 73 Garton Slack 40 2 74 Garton Slack 41 2 77 Goodmanham II 2 80 Goodmanham Enthorpe (1209.1171) 2 86 Huggate Wold 2 91 Acklam Wold (1942.420) 2 98 Ampleforth (1947.1061) 2 105 Brompton 2 108 Cawthorn Stackyard 2 109 Danby Stone Rook Hill (0410.37) 2 121 Ganton Brough 2 127 Hackness 2 129 Helmsley 2 131 Howe Nr Whitby (WG2422) 2 132 Hutton Buscel (1947.1037) 2 134 Hutton Buscel (Barrow 2 Vase) 2 143 Pickering (Nr. J93.892) 2 146 Pickering (4M NW J93.891) 2 148 Pickering (7M N J93.883) 2 152 Riggs 2 153 Robin Hoods Bay 2 163 Slingsby (1209.1283) 2 179 Brodsworth 2 183 Harden Moor 2 194 1947.1038 2 218 Astley Hall Farm 2 222 Wadsworth Moor 2

216

Catalogue Ref Name Type

225 Hepple 2 230 Wetwang Slack 2 231 Aldro 2 235 Ganton Brough 2 238 Loftus Street House 2 239 Staxton Beacon 2 28 Stanton Moor (1981.1210) Q. A1 3 57 Moralee Farm 3 83 Goodmanham Paulinus (1209.1210) 3 88 North Newbald (0401.7) 3 106 Broxa 3 115 Far Fields Lockton (1947.1052) 3 122 Goathland Moor 3 147 Pickering (6M N J93.879) 3 155 Scalby Cumboots 3 160 Slingsby (1209.1280) 3 162 Slingsby (1209.1282) 3 171 West Ayton Moor 3 215 Stanton Moor (1784 Barrow 1) 3 216 Stanton Moor (at Belvoir Castle) 3 38 Tissington Crake Low 4 55 Lilburn Hill 4 70 Cowlam 4 75 Garton Slack 62 4 76 Garton Slack 67 4 79 Goodmanham Enthorpe (1209.1170) 4 85 Huggate Blanch 4 90 Acklam Wold (1942.604) 4 92 Acklam Wold (1942.418) 4 94 Aldro (1942.602) 4 101 Ampleforth (1973.85) 4 107 Cawthorn Milners Hill Top 4 116 Folkton 4 118 Fylingdales (ARC:1122) 4 124 Guisborough (0410.16) 4 126 Hanging Grimston 4 144 Pickering (4M NE J93.894) 4 173 Whitby (J93.830) 4

217

Catalogue Ref Name Type

176 Whitby (J93.885) 4 198 1947.1161 4 202 1947.1165 4 206 1947.1177 4 209 1947.1180 4 8 Kirkby Stephen 5 21 Holmesfield Totley Moor 5 29 Stanton Moor (1981.1226) 5 30 Stanton Moor (1981.1211) 5 35 Stanton Moor (1926-35/4 5 40 Bolton Breightmet Hill 5 51 Ford (1209.1742) 5 52 Ford Etal Moor 5 59 Old Bewick (Moor) 5 78 Goodmanham Enthorpe (1209.1159) 5 89 North Newbald (0401.8) 5 99 Ampleforth (1947.1062) 5 103 Bickley (1947.1054) 5 104 Bickley (1947.1055) 5 110 Danby Stone Rook Hill (0410.38) 5 130 High Dalby Warren 5 135 Hutton Buscel (Barrow 2 Cup ) 5 150 Pickering (7M E J93.889) 5 158 Skipton 5 164 Southern Black Howe (0410.17) 5 169 Upleatham 5 177 Whitby (J93.888) 5 180 Doncaster 5 189 Todmorden 3 5 193 BM1882,3-23,22 5 196 1947.1159 5 229 Garrowby Wold Sherd 4 Garlands (1977.25.17) sherd 69 Cottam Sherd 72 Faxfleet Sherd 233 East Ayton Osborn Lodge Sherd 236 Hawnby Sherd 228 Plenmellor Common Sherds 217 Darley Dale Unknown

218

Catalogue Name Type Ref

219 Lancaster Unknown 221 Carriers Croft Unknown 223 Birtley nr.Robin Hoods Well Unknown 227 Pitland Hills Unknown 232 Blansby Park Unknown

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Appendix 3: Radiocarbon Dates pertaining to the North of England

Site Name Date BP Lab No. Date cal. BC Sample from Certainty (2σ) Source Astley Hall Farm 3390 ± 40 SUERC-4452 1780-1520 cal. Cremated bone 95.4% Barrowclough (2008) BP BC

Bleasdale Circle 3535± 35 SUERC C- 1960-1750 cal. (Quercus) Charcoal in 95.4% Barrowclough (2008) Urn1 BP 6929 BC Urn Bleasdale Circle 3615± 35 SUERC C- 2050-1880 cal. (Quercus) Charcoal in 95.4% Barrowclough (2008) Urn 2 BP 7286 BC Urn Carrier’s Croft, 3400± 35 SUERC -4444 1780-1600 cal. Alder Charcoal 95.4% Barrowclough (2008) Pendleton Urn 3 BP SUERC -4445 BC Cremated Bone 3495± 35 1920-1730 cal. BP BC Darwen Whitehall 3520± 35 SUERC 4463 1940-1740 cal. Charcoal assoc with a 95.4% Barrowclough (2008) WH4, U8 BP BC Collared Urn Darwen Whitehall 3480± 35 SUERC 4465 1890-1730 cal. Cremated human 95.4% Barrowclough (2008) WH8, U12 BP BC bone assoc with a Collared Urn Ewanrigg 3640± 90 HAR-5959 2290-1750 cal. Charcoal 95.4% Bewley et al (1992) BP BC Harden Moor 3570± 50 BM- 2576 1980-1880 cal. (Quercus) Charcoal 95.4% Boughey (2010) BP BC Irwell Whitelow Hill 3495± 40 SUERC 4455 1920-1730 cal. Cremated Bone 95.4% Barrowclough (2008) Burial L BP BC Garton Slack 40 3699± 35 OxA-V-2197- 2210-1970 cal. Skull 62 95.4% Pers.comm. M. Parker Pearson (2013) BP 51 BC Mitchell Laithes 3515± 30 SUERC 1920-1750 cal. Cremated Bone 95.4% NAA (2013) BP 21258 BC

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95.4% Newton 3635±120 GU 1340 2348-1689 cal. Wood charcoal in Gates (1981) BP BC packing of cist Shaw Cairn 3625±35 BP SUERC- 2130-1890 cal Cremated bone? 95.4% Pers.comm. Alison Sheridan (2015) 30670 (GU- BC 22005) Stanbury 3554± 31 BP OxA-18361 2010-1770 cal. Cremation Pit 1007 95.4% Richardson and Vyner (2011) BC human long bone, 3555± 35 BP SUERC arm 16360 2020-1770 cal. Cremation Pit 1007 BC human long bone, arm Staxton Beacon 3635±30BP GU-19931 2140-1910 cal. Human bone? 95.4% Pers. comm. M.Parker Pearson (2015) BC

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Appendix 3.1 Dating system

Site C14 date, Typology or Association Garton Slack C14 Roose (both) Typology Ewanrigg C14 Bleasdale C14 Mitchell Laithes C14 Stanbury C14 Aysgill Typology Hellifield Typology Darwen C14 Irwell C14 Haulgh Hall Association Waddington Typology Clifton on Irwell Typology Carriers Croft C14 Loose Howe Association Shaw Cairn C14 Sheffield Crookes Association Staxton Beacon C14

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Appendix 4: Cup Distribution Maps

All Cup Types

Distribution map of Northern Cups of all types.

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Map 1: Distribution of all Cup types. Figures refer to catalogue numbers

.

227

Map 2: Distribution of all Cup types. Figures refer to catalogue numbers

228

Map 3: Distribution of all Cup types. Figures refer to catalogue numbers

229

Map 4: Distribution of all Cup types. Figures refer to catalogue numbers

230

Biconical Type 1 Cups

Distribution map of Northern Type 1 Cups

231

Miniature Type 2 Cups

Distribution map of Northern Type 2 Cups

232

Fenestrated and stylised Type 3 Cups

Distribution map of Northern Type 3 Cups

233

Splayed Wall Type 4 Cups

Distribution map of Northern Type 4 Cups

234

Thick based simple Type 5 Cups

Distribution map of Northern Type 5 Cups

235

Type 6 Oval Cups

Distribution map of Northern Type 6 Cups

236

All Cups by Type

Distribution map of all Northern Cups by Type

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Appendix 5: The Cup listings and catalogue

Notes The catalogue is arranged in County alphabetical order for Northern England. Each

Cup has been inspected personally by the author unless indicated and all descriptions and measurements are as a result of data collected during the study.

Lost or unavailable Cups have been described from extant references or illustrations and it should be borne in mind that some may have little definite information available. Where information is omitted it is either unclear or unknown. Burial plans and Urn associations are illustrated where known.

Photographic images are reproduced to indicate form, fabric colour and decoration and an attempt has been made to show firing damage and spalling rather than only the good side of a vessel. If a Cup is shown at an angle or leaning, that is how it sits on a flat surface. All photos are the copyright of the author, unless otherwise indicated. Fabric inclusion density is quoted using the terms outlined in the

Prehistoric Ceramics Research Group guidelines (PCRG 1997:46-47).

The Cups have been illustrated at a scale of 1:2 of their actual size and any associated Collared Urns or Food Vessels are also shown at 1:2. Some Collared

Urns are so large it has been necessary to illustrate these at 1:4, but where this has occurred it will be noted in the text. All other artefacts are shown at a scale of 1:2.

Images which are prefixed YORYM are by kind permission of York Museums Trust and those prefixed as KINCM are by kind permission of Hull and East Riding

Museums.

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Appendix 5.1 Listing of Cups by numerical order Numerical references in brackets are museum accession numbers.

1 Aglionby 41 Bolton Haulgh Hall 2 Broomrigg 42 Clifton on Irwell 3 Ewanrigg 43 Irwell Whitelow Hill 4 Garlands (1977.25.17) 44 Radcliffe Ees 5 Garlands (1999.823) 45 Bleasdale 6 Garlands (1999.824) 46 Darwen (1) 7 Garlands (1977.25.23) 47 Darwen (2) 8 Kirkby Stephen 48 Waddington Pinder Hill 9 Kirkoswald (1949.109.3) 49 Belsay Castle (Nr.) 10 Kirkoswald (1919.109.2) 50 Ford (1209.1741) 11 Old Penrith 51 Ford (1209.1742) 12 Roose (07906) 52 Ford Etal Moor 13 Roose (07907) 53 Haydon Bridge 14 Skirwith Moor 54 Holystone Common 15 Bradfield Barnside Common 55 Lilburn Hill 16 Brassington Galley Low 56 Lucker 17 Chapel en le frith 57 Moralee Farm 18 Doll Tor (1981.1245) 58 Newton Well House Farm 19 Doll Tor (1981.1244) 59 Old Bewick (Moor) 20 Doll Tor (1981.1243) 60 Rosedean 21 Holmesfield Totley Moor 61 Rothbury District 22 Matlock Bridge (Nr.) 62 South Charlton 23 Middleton and Smerill 63 Unprovenanced (ACAT 3) 24 Stanton Moor (1979.985) 64 Binnington 25 Stanton Moor (1981.1223) 65 Bishop Burton 26 Stanton Moor (1981.1221) 66 Bridlington (Nr.) 27 Stanton Moor (1979.1088) 67 Calais Wold C70 28 Stanton Moor (1981.1210) 68 Calais Wold (1942.605) 29 Stanton Moor (1981.1226) 69 Cottam 30 Stanton Moor (1981.1211) 70 Cowlam 31 Stanton Moor (J93.884) 71 Etton Paulinus (1209.1150) 32 Stanton Moor (J 1979.980) 72 Faxfleet 33 Stanton Moor (1979.904) 73 Garton Slack 40 34 Stanton Moor (1926-35/3) 74 Garton Slack 41 35 Stanton Moor (1926-35/4 75 Garton Slack 62 36 Stanton Moor (1926.35/5) 76 Garton Slack 67 37 Stone Low 77 Goodmanham II 38 Tissington Crake Low 78 Goodmanham Enthorpe (1209.1159) 39 Youlgreave 79 Goodmanham Enthorpe (1209.1170) 40 Bolton Breightmet Hill 80 Goodmanham Enthorpe (1209.1171)

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81 Goodmanham Enthorpe (1209.1169) 121 Ganton Brough 82 Goodmanham Jarrett (1209.1208) 122 Goathland Moor 83 Goodmanham Paulinus (1209.1210) 123 Great Ayton Moor 84 Goodmanham Wold 1 (1209.1987) 124 Guisborough (0410.16) 85 Huggate Blanch 125 Guisborough (0410.11) 86 Huggate Wold 126 Hanging Grimston 87 Hutton Cranswick 127 Hackness 88 North Newbald (0401.7) 128 Hellifield 89 North Newbald (0401.8) 129 Helmsley 90 Acklam Wold (1942.604) 130 High Dalby Warren 91 Acklam Wold (1942.420) 131 Howe Nr Whitby (WG2422) 92 Acklam Wold (1942.418) 132 Hutton Buscel (1947.1037) 93 Aldro (1942.601) 133 Hutton Buscel (1209.1316) 94 Aldro (1942.602) 134 Hutton Buscel (Barrow 2 Vase) 95 Aldro (1942.600) 135 Hutton Buscel (Barrow 2 Cup ) 96 Allerston Warren (J93.887) 136 Hutton Moor 97 Allerston Warren (J93.896) 137 Irton Moor 98 Ampleforth (1947.1061) 138 Kingthorpe (1947.1056) 99 Ampleforth (1947.1062) 139 Kingthorpe (J93.895) 100 Ampleforth (1973.84) 140 Loose Howe 101 Ampleforth (1973.85) 141 Pickering (Nr. J93.877) 102 Aysgill Crake Close 142 Pickering (Nr.J93.890) 103 Bickley (1947.1054) 143 Pickering (Nr. J93.892) 104 Bickley (1947.1055) 144 Pickering (4M NE J93.894) 105 Brompton 145 Pickering (4M N J93.874) 106 Broxa 146 Pickering (4M NW J93.891) 107 Cawthorn Milners Hill Top 147 Pickering (6M N J93.879) 108 Cawthorn Stackyard 148 Pickering (7M N J93.883) 109 Danby Stone Rook Hill (0410.37) 149 Pickering (7M N J93.886) 110 Danby Stone Rook Hill (0410.38) 150 Pickering (7M E J93.889) 111 Dalby Warren (1947.1059) 151 Pickering (10M NE J93.875) 112 Dalby Warren (1947.1051) 152 Riggs 113 Danby Rigg 153 Robin Hoods Bay 114 Far Fields Lockton (1947.1060) 154 Saintoft 115 Far Fields Lockton (1947.1052) 155 Scalby Cumboots 116 Folkton 156 Scarborough Langdale End 117 Fylingdales (1209.1671) 157 Scarborough (Nr.) 118 Fylingdales (ARC:1122) 158 Skipton 119 Ganton (1203.310) 159 Slingsby (1209.1272) 120 Ganton (1209.331) 160 Slingsby (1209.1280)

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161 Slingsby (1209.1281) 201 1947.1164 162 Slingsby (1209.1282) 202 1947.1165 163 Slingsby (1209.1283) 203 1947.1172 164 Southern Black Howe (0410.17) 204 1947.1173 165 Southern Black Howe (0410.30) 205 1947.1176 166 Suffield 206 1947.1177 167 Three Howes Glaisdale (0410.52) 207 1947.1178 168 Three Howes Glaisdale (0410.57) 208 1947.1179 169 Upleatham 209 1947.1180 170 Way Hagg Barrow 210 1947.1181 171 West Ayton Moor 211 1947.1182 172 Western Howes Central 212 Coniston Banniside Moor 173 Whitby (J93.830) 213 Dean 174 Whitby (0721.8) 214 Stonebridge 175 Whitby (0712.9) 215 Stanton Moor (1784 Barrow 1) 176 Whitby (J93.885) 216 Stanton Moor (at Belvoir Castle) 177 Whitby (J93.888) 217 Darley Dale 178 Arksey 218 Astley Hall Farm 179 Brodsworth 219 Lancaster 180 Doncaster 220 Lancaster 181 Sheffield Crookes 221 Carriers Croft 182 Bradford Chellow Heights 222 Wadsworth Moor 183 Harden Moor 223 Birtley nr. Robin Hoods Well 184 Hopton Moor 224 Doddington 185 Mitchell Laithes 225 Hepple 186 Stanbury 226 Ord 187 Pule Hill 227 Pitland Hills 188 Todmorden 1A 228 Plenmellor Common 189 Todmorden 3 229 Garrowby Wold 190 Todmorden 6B 230 Wetwang Slack 191 Todmorden 8 231 Aldro 192 Warley Tower Hill 232 Blansby Park 193 BM1882,3-23,22 233 East Ayton Osborn Lodge 194 1947.1038 234 Fylingdales Ravenhill 195 1947.1158 235 Ganton Brough 196 1947.1159 236 Hawnby 197 1947.1160.1 237 Ingleby Greenhow 198 1947.1161 238 Loftus Street House 199 1947.1162 239 Staxton Beacon 200 1947.1163 240 Thornton in Craven

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Appendix 5.2: Listing of Cups in alphabetical order and page number Page Ref Name County Current Museum location No. 92 Acklam Wold (1942.418) North Yorks Hull and East Riding Museums 363 91 Acklam Wold (1942.420) North Yorks Hull and East Riding Museums 362 90 Acklam Wold (1942.604) North Yorks Hull and East Riding Museums 360 1 Aglionby Cumbria Tullie House Museum 248 231 Aldro Lidded North Yorks Hull and East Riding Museums 527 95 Aldro (1942.600) North Yorks Hull and East Riding Museums 367 93 Aldro (1942.601) North Yorks Hull and East Riding Museums 365 94 Aldro (1942.602) North Yorks Hull and East Riding Museums 366 96 Allerston Warren (J93.887) North Yorks Sheffield Museum 368 97 Allerston Warren (J93.896) North Yorks Sheffield Museum 370 98 Ampleforth (1947.1061) North Yorks York Museums Trust 366 99 Ampleforth (1947.1062) North Yorks York Museums Trust 372 100 Ampleforth (1973.84) North Yorks York Museums Trust 373 101 Ampleforth (1973.85) North Yorks York Museums Trust 374 178 Arksey South Yorks Doncaster Museum 463 218 Astley Hall Farm Lancashire Unknown 513 102 Aysgill Crake Close North Yorks York Museums Trust 376 49 Belsay Castle (Nr.) Northumberland Great North Hancock Museum 307 103 Bickley (1947.1054) North Yorks York Museums Trust 377 104 Bickley (1947.1055) North Yorks York Museums Trust 378 64 Binnington East Yorks British Museum 326 223 Birtley nr.Robin Hoods Well Northumberland Lost 518 65 Bishop Burton East Yorks British Museum 327 232 Blansby Park North Yorks York Museums Trust 528 45 Bleasdale Lancashire Preston Harris Museum 299 40 Bolton Breightmet Hill Gt Manchester Bolton Museum 293 41 Bolton Haulgh Hall Gt Manchester Bolton Museum 294 15 Bradfield Barnside Common Derbyshire Sheffield Museum 263 182 Bradford Chellow Heights West Yorks Bradford Museum 469 16 Brassington Galley Low Derbyshire Sheffield Museum 265 66 Bridlington (Nr.) East Yorks Hull and East Riding Museums 328 179 Brodsworth South Yorks Doncaster Museum 464 105 Brompton North Yorks British Museum 379 2 Broomrigg Cumbria Tullie House Museum 249 106 Broxa North Yorks York Museums Trust 380 68 Calais Wold (1942.605) East Yorks Hull and East Riding Museums 330 67 Calais Wold C70 East Yorks Hull and East Riding Museums 329 221 Carriers Croft Lancashire Preston Museum of Lancashire Life 516 107 Cawthorn Milners Hill Top North Yorks York Museums Trust 381

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Page Ref Name County Current Museum location No. 108 Cawthorn Stackyard North Yorks York Museums Trust 382 17 Chapel en le frith Derbyshire Buxton Museum 266 42 Clifton on Irwell Gt Manchester British Museum 296 212 Coniston Banniside Moor Cumbria Unknown 507 69 Cottam East Yorks British Museum 331 70 Cowlam East Yorks British Museum 332 112 Dalby Warren (1947.1051) North Yorks York Museums Trust 387 111 Dalby Warren (1947.1059) North Yorks York Museums Trust 386 113 Danby Rigg North Yorks Whitby Pannett Park Museum 388 109 Danby Stone Rook Hill (0410.37) North Yorks British Museum 383 110 Danby Stone Rook Hill (0410.38) North Yorks British Museum 385 217 Darley Dale Derbyshire Lost 512 46 Darwen (1) Lancashire Darwen Library 299 47 Darwen (2) Lancashire Darwen Library 303 213 Dean Cumbria Unknown 508 224 Doddington Northumberland British Museum 519 20 Doll Tor (1981.1243) Derbyshire Sheffield Museum 270 19 Doll Tor (1981.1244) Derbyshire Sheffield Museum 268 18 Doll Tor (1981.1245) Derbyshire Sheffield Museum 267 180 Doncaster South Yorks Doncaster Museum 465 233 East Ayton Osborn Lodge North Yorks Scarborough Museum 529 71 Etton Paulinus (1209.1150) East Yorks British Museum 333 3 Ewanrigg Cumbria Tullie House Museum 250 115 Far Fields Lockton (1947.1052) North Yorks York Museums Trust 390 114 Far Fields Lockton (1947.1060) North Yorks York Museums Trust 389 72 Faxfleet East Yorks Hull and East Riding Museums 334 116 Folkton North Yorks British Museum 391 50 Ford (1209.1741) Northumberland British Museum 308 51 Ford (1209.1742) Northumberland British Museum 309 52 Ford Etal Moor Northumberland British Museum 310 117 Fylingdales (1209.1671) North Yorks British Museum 392 118 Fylingdales (ARC:1122) North Yorks Whitby Pannett Park Museum 393 234 Fylingdales Ravenhill North Yorks Lost 530 119 Ganton (1203.310) North Yorks British Museum 394 120 Ganton (1209.331) North Yorks British Museum 395 121 Ganton Brough North Yorks British Museum 396 235 Ganton Brough North Yorks British Museum 531 4 Garlands (1977.25.17) Cumbria Tullie House Museum 252 7 Garlands (1977.25.23) Cumbria Tullie House Museum 255

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Page Ref Name County Current Museum location No. 5 Garlands (1999.823) Cumbria Tullie House Museum 253 6 Garlands (1999.824) Cumbria Tullie House Museum 254 229 Garrowby Wold East Yorks Hull and East Riding Museums 524 73 Garton Slack 40 East Yorks Hull and East Riding Museums 335 74 Garton Slack 41 East Yorks Hull and East Riding Museums 337 75 Garton Slack 62 East Yorks Hull and East Riding Museums 339 76 Garton Slack 67 East Yorks Hull and East Riding Museums 342 122 Goathland Moor North Yorks York Museums Trust 398 84 Goodmanham Wold 1 (1209.1987) East Yorks British Museum 352 78 Goodmanham Enthorpe (1209.1159) East Yorks British Museum 345 81 Goodmanham Enthorpe (1209.1169) East Yorks British Museum 349 79 Goodmanham Enthorpe (1209.1170) East Yorks British Museum 347 80 Goodmanham Enthorpe (1209.1171) East Yorks British Museum 348 77 Goodmanham II East Yorks British Museum 343 82 Goodmanham Jarrett (1209.1208) East Yorks British Museum 350 83 Goodmanham Paulinus (1209.1210) East Yorks British Museum 351 123 Great Ayton Moor North Yorks Scarborough Museum 399 125 Guisborough (0410.11) North Yorks British Museum 403 124 Guisborough (0410.16) North Yorks British Museum 402 127 Hackness North Yorks York Museums Trust 405 126 Hanging Grimston North Yorks Hull and East Riding Museums 404 183 Harden Moor West Yorks Bradford Museum 470 236 Hawnby North Yorks British Museum 532 53 Haydon Bridge Northumberland Great North Hancock Museum 312 128 Hellifield North Yorks Mr T. Lord (private collection), Settle 406 129 Helmsley North Yorks British Museum 408 225 Hepple Northumberland British Museum 520 130 High Dalby Warren North Yorks York Museums Trust 409 21 Holmesfield Totley Moor Derbyshire Sheffield Museum 271 54 Holystone Common Northumberland British Museum 313 184 Hopton Moor West Yorks Leeds Museums Discovery Centre 471 131 Howe Nr Whitby (WG2422) North Yorks British Museum 410 85 Huggate Blanch East Yorks Hull and East Riding Museums 353 86 Huggate Wold East Yorks Hull and East Riding Museums 355 132 Hutton Buscel (1947.1037) North Yorks York Museums Trust 411 134 Hutton Buscel (Barrow 2 Vase) North Yorks Scarborough Museum 413 133 Hutton Buscel (1209.1316) North Yorks British Museum 412 135 Hutton Buscel (Barrow 2 Cup ) North Yorks Scarborough Museum 414 87 Hutton Cranswick East Yorks York Museums Trust 356

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Page Ref Name County Current Museum location No. 136 Hutton Moor North Yorks British Museum 415 237 Ingleby Greenhow North Yorks Bowes Museum ? 533 137 Irton Moor North Yorks University of Bradford 416 43 Irwell Whitelow Hill Gt Manchester Bury Museum 297 138 Kingthorpe (1947.1056) North Yorks York Museums Trust 418 139 Kingthorpe (J93.895) North Yorks Sheffield Museum 419 8 Kirkby Stephen Cumbria British Museum 256 10 Kirkoswald (1919.109.2) Cumbria Tullie House Museum 258 9 Kirkoswald (1949.109.3) Cumbria Tullie House Museum 257 219 Lancaster Lancashire Lancaster Museum 514 220 Lancaster Lancashire Lancaster Museum 515 55 Lilburn Hill Northumberland Great North Hancock Museum 316 238 Loftus Street House North Yorks Unknown 534 140 Loose Howe North Yorks British Museum 420 56 Lucker Northumberland Alnwick Castle Museum 316 22 Matlock Bridge (Nr.) Derbyshire Sheffield Museum 272 23 Middleton and Smerill Derbyshire Sheffield Museum 273 185 Mitchell Laithes West Yorks Wakefield Museum 472 57 Moralee Farm Northumberland Great North Hancock Museum 317 58 Newton Well House Farm Northumberland Great North Hancock Museum 319 88 North Newbald (0401.7) North Yorks British Museum 358 89 North Newbald (0401.8) North Yorks British Museum 359 59 Old Bewick (Moor) Northumberland British Museum 321 11 Old Penrith Cumbria Edinburgh Museum 259 226 Ord Northumberland Unknown 521 145 Pickering (4M N J93.874) North Yorks Sheffield Museum 426 151 Pickering (10M NE J93.875) North Yorks Sheffield Museum 433 144 Pickering (4M NE J93.894) North Yorks Sheffield Museum 425 146 Pickering (4M NW J93.891) North Yorks Sheffield Museum 427 147 Pickering (6M N J93.879) North Yorks Sheffield Museum 428 150 Pickering (7M E J93.889) North Yorks Sheffield Museum 431 148 Pickering (7M N J93.883) North Yorks Sheffield Museum 429 149 Pickering (7M N J93.886) North Yorks Sheffield Museum 430 141 Pickering (Nr. J93.877) North Yorks Sheffield Museum 423 143 Pickering (Nr. J93.892) North Yorks Sheffield Museum 424 142 Pickering (Nr.J93.890) North Yorks Sheffield Museum 423 227 Pitland Hills Northumberland Unknown 522 228 Plenmellor Common Northumberland Great North Hancock Museum? 523 187 Pule Hill West Yorks Huddersfield Tolson Museum 477

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Page Ref Name County Current Museum location No. 44 Radcliffe Ees Gt Manchester Manchester Museum 298 152 Riggs North Yorks Hull and East Riding Museums 434 153 Robin Hoods Bay North Yorks York Museums Trust 435 12 Roose (07906) Cumbria Dock Museum Barrow in Furness 260 13 Roose (07907) Cumbria Dock Museum Barrow in Furness 261 60 Rosedean Northumberland British Museum 322 61 Rothbury District Northumberland Great North Hancock Museum 323 154 Saintoft North Yorks Sheffield Museum 436 155 Scalby Cumboots North Yorks Scarborough Museum 437 157 Scarborough (Nr.) North Yorks Scarborough Museum 439 156 Scarborough Langdale End North Yorks York Museums Trust 438 181 Sheffield Crookes South Yorks Sheffield Museum 467 158 Skipton North Yorks Craven Museum Skipton 440 14 Skirwith Moor Cumbria Tullie House Museum 262 159 Slingsby (1209.1272) North Yorks British Museum 441 160 Slingsby (1209.1280) North Yorks British Museum 442 161 Slingsby (1209.1281) North Yorks British Museum 443 162 Slingsby (1209.1282) North Yorks British Museum 444 163 Slingsby (1209.1283) North Yorks British Museum 446 62 South Charlton Northumberland Alnwick Castle Museum 324 164 Southern Black Howe (0410.17) North Yorks British Museum 447 165 Southern Black Howe (0410.30) North Yorks British Museum 448 186 Stanbury West Yorks Bradford Museum 474 215 Stanton Moor (1784 Barrow 1) Derbyshire Ashmolean Museum 510 36 Stanton Moor (1926.35/5) Derbyshire Derby Museum 288 34 Stanton Moor (1926-35/3) Derbyshire Derby Museum 286 35 Stanton Moor (1926-35/4 Derbyshire Derby Museum 287 27 Stanton Moor (1979.1088) Derbyshire Sheffield Museum 282 33 Stanton Moor (1979.904) Derbyshire Sheffield Museum 285 24 Stanton Moor (1979.985) Derbyshire Sheffield Museum 274 28 Stanton Moor (1981.1210) Q. A1 Derbyshire Sheffield Museum 279 30 Stanton Moor (1981.1211) Derbyshire Sheffield Museum 282 26 Stanton Moor (1981.1221) Derbyshire Sheffield Museum 276 25 Stanton Moor (1981.1223) Derbyshire Sheffield Museum 275 29 Stanton Moor (1981.1226) Derbyshire Sheffield Museum 281 216 Stanton Moor (at Belvoir Castle) Derbyshire Belvoir Castle Museum 511 32 Stanton Moor (J 1979.980) Derbyshire Sheffield Museum 284 31 Stanton Moor (J93.884) Derbyshire Sheffield Museum 283 239 Staxton Beacon North Yorks Driffield Museum 535

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Page Ref Name County Current Museum location No. 37 Stone Low Derbyshire Sheffield Museum 289 214 Stonebridge Co.Durham British Museum 509 166 Suffield North Yorks York Museums Trust 449 240 Thornton in Craven North Yorks Lost, poss Craven Museum 536 167 Three Howes Glaisdale (0410.52) North Yorks British Museum 450 168 Three Howes Glaisdale (0410.57) North Yorks British Museum 452 38 Tissington Crake Low Derbyshire Sheffield Museum 290 188 Todmorden 1A West Yorks Todmorden Library 479 189 Todmorden 3 West Yorks Todmorden Library 482 190 Todmorden 6B West Yorks Todmorden Library 483 191 Todmorden 8 West Yorks Todmorden Library 485 63 Unprovenanced (ACAT 3) Northumberland Alnwick Castle Museum 325 169 Upleatham North Yorks Whitby Pannett Park Museum 453 48 Waddington Pinder Hill Lancashire Clitheroe Castle Museum 305 222 Wadsworth Moor Lancashire British Museum 517 192 Warley Tower Hill West Yorks Huddersfield Tolson Museum 486 170 Way Hagg Barrow North Yorks Scarborough Museum 454 171 West Ayton Moor North Yorks Scarborough Museum 455 172 Western Howes Central North Yorks British Museum 456 230 Wetwang Slack East Yorks Driffield Museum 525 175 Whitby (0712.9) North Yorks British Museum 460 174 Whitby (0721.8) North Yorks British Museum 459 173 Whitby (J93.830) North Yorks Sheffield Museum 458 176 Whitby (J93.885) North Yorks Sheffield Museum 461 177 Whitby (J93.888) North Yorks Sheffield Museum 462 39 Youlgreave Derbyshire Sheffield Museum 291 Unprovenanced Cups 193 BM 1882, 3-23,22 British Museum 488 194 1947.1038 York Museums Trust 489 195 1947.1158 York Museums Trust 490 196 1947.1159 York Museums Trust 491 197 1947.1160.1 York Museums Trust 492 198 1947.1161 York Museums Trust 493 199 1947.1162 York Museums Trust 494 200 1947.1163 York Museums Trust 495 201 1947.1164 York Museums Trust 496 202 1947.1165 York Museums Trust 497 203 1947.1172 York Museums Trust 498 204 1947.1173 York Museums Trust 499 205 1947.1176 York Museums Trust 500 206 1947.1177 York Museums Trust 501 207 1947.1178 York Museums Trust 502 208 1947.1179 York Museums Trust 503 209 1947.1180 York Museums Trust 504 210 1947.1181 York Museums Trust 505 211 1947.1182 York Museums Trust 506

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Appendix 5.3 The Cup Catalogue Cumbria

1. Aglionby Waterloo Hill Tullie House Museum Ref: CALMG 1927.31 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 6.5cms, Height 6.8cms, Base diameter 3.3cms

Fabric and form

The fabric is a mid brown colour although heavily restored with no inclusions visible. The form is biconical with a deeply sloping internal rim bevel. The overall profile is irregular and asymmetric. There is one pair of perforations.

Classification –Type 1

Decorative techniques and motifs

The rim bevel is decorated with three or four horizontally incised lines. Externally there are two decorative zones visible above the maximum diameter. The upper zone is delineated by a horizontal incised line at the top then 18mm deep opposed filled triangles. The lower section of the upper part has nine horizontal incised lines, heavily restored. The lower portion is also heavily restored but the decorative motif may be repeated. The base is undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

The Cup was found in a cremation cemetery, no associations .

Refs: Hodgson, 1956,6-17, Longworth, 1984, 243-247.

248

2. Broomrigg (C) Tullie House Museum Ref: CALMG 1951.81.3 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 7.0cms, Height 6.9cms, Base diameter 3.6cms

Fabric and form The fabric is thick and well fired with fine sand inclusions abundant, yellow/beige in colour with a smooth texture. The form is biconical but slightly asymmetrical and the rim is rounded with a slightly inturned bevel. Below the rim exterior there is an additional but very slight carination and the base of the interior is gently upturned but flat on the exterior surface. There are two perforations present just below the maximum diameter and there is one irregular shaped void on the upper portion of the exterior of the fabric which may be due to the loss of a larger inclusion.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative techniques and motifs

Undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

Cremated bones, fragment of metatarsal head, probably adult from within a stone circle, re-used as a cremation cemetery underneath a cairn. No other associations.

Refs: Hodgson and Harper,1950, 30-42.

.

249

3. Ewanrigg Tullie House Museum Ref: CALMG 1987.30.4 Dimensions: Mouth diameter - absent, Height 7.0cms, Base diameter 5.0cms

Fabric and Form The Cup fabric is dark grey,crumbling and coarse with angular stone inclusions, common. The upper neck and rim is absent and the base is flat. The Cup is shaped like a cream jug, bellying out above the base and then tapering inwards towards the neck. There are no perforations.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

Undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

Recovered from a cremation cemetery. The Cup was found associated with a Collared Urn, a ‘connecting rod’, possibly a tuyere, and a small burnt fragment of flint possibly from a barbed and tanged arrowhead.

Refs: Bewley and Longworth, et al,1992, 325-354.

250

The Ewanrigg Cup and associated assemblage, shown at a scale of 1:2.

Taken from Bewley et al. (1992).

251

4. Garlands Tullie House Museum Ref: CALMG 1977.25.17 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 7.0cms, Maximum diameter 11.0cms - estimated from a partial rim/body sherd

Fabric and form Fabric is orange brown in colour with fine sand inclusions abundant, the form is biconical but fragmentary and the rim is slightly upright with an internal bevel. Two perforations are present on the maximum diameter and have been formed from the outside inwards. There is approximately 15% of the vessel surviving.

Classification – Sherd

Decorative techniques and motifs

The rim bevel has two or three encircling incised lines 9mm deep around the rim bevel, externally just below the rim top there are three encircling horizontal incised lines, repeated above the shoulder with double incised chevrons in between both sets of lines.

Below the perforations the decoration comprises of three more encircling incised lines below which are pendant filled triangles.

Site, Context and Associations

Unknown

Refs: No references known

252

5. Garlands Tullie House Museum Ref: CALMG 1999.823 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 6.5cms, Height 4.8cms, Base diameter 4.0cms

Fabric and form This vessel is pale brown / beige sand fabric with a smooth exterior surface. It is a biconically shaped pinched pot and heavily reconstructed, the rim has an internally sloping bevel and there are two perforations both on the maximum diameter that appear to have been made from the outside inwards.

Classification –Type 1

Decorative techniques and motifs

Undecorated

Site, Context and Associations

Recovered from a (?) cremation cemetery group in 1861, containing as many as 15 urns altogether. The association of the Cup with any other vessels is unclear.

Refs: Hodgson, 1956, 6-12.

253

6. Garlands Tullie House Museum Ref: CALMG 1999.824 Dimensions: Rim diameter outer edge to edge 8.5cms, Height 6.8cms, Base diameter 3.9cms

Fabric and form

An orange brown well fired hard fabric with sand inclusions abundant. Internally the pot has been glazed with museum varnish. The Cup is a Miniature Food Vessel with a flat topped rim, expanded outwards. The rim has some damage to the external edge. There are two perforations just below the shoulder.

Classification –Type 2

Decorative techniques and motifs

Internally the Cup is undecorated, the rim top is decorated with two lines of impressed encircling dots, occasionally the dots are paired up opposite each other but mostly they are not. On the upper portion of the body below the rim there are two more bands of encircling impressed dots then an undecorated zone before another two rows of impressed encircling dots occur one above and one below the shoulder. Finally the motif is repeated 19mm from the carination at the base of the vessel. The base is undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

Recovered from a (?) cremation cemetery group in 1861, containing as many as 15 urns altogether. The association of the Cup with any other vessels is unclear.

Refs: Hodgson, 1956, 6-12.

254

7. Garlands Tullie House Museum Ref: CALMG 1977.25.23 Dimensions: Rim diameter 7.4cms, Height 5.1cms, Base diameter 4.8cms

Fabric and form The fabric is buff in colour, hard with sparse crushed stone and sand inclusions to 6mm across. The vessel has only two thirds surviving and has a slightly inturned rim. It is a firing waster and there are traces of three or four firing spalls. Two perforations are present just above the maximum estimated diameter .

Classification – Type 1

Decorative techniques and motifs

Undecorated

Site, Context and Associations

Recovered from a (?) cremation cemetery group in 1861, containing as many as 15 urns altogether. The association of the Cup with any other vessels is unclear.

Refs: Hodgson, 1956, 6-12.

255

8. Kirkby Stephen British Museum Ref: BM1879, 1209.1351 Dimensions: Rim diameter 6.5cms, Surviving Height 3.0cms, Base diameter 4.0cms The Cup is incomplete

Fabric and Form

The Cup has a (?) biconical profile and is made of a thick coarse fabric, orange in colour with grog inclusions visible >5mm, rare. There is approximately 50% of the vessel absent . The base is flat and thick and there is one perforation on the carination.

Classification – Type 5

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

There are vertical pointed comb or stab impressions on the external surface measuring approximately 30mm from the base upwards.There is no internal decoration present but the base is decorated with cross hatching using fine twisted cord impressions.

Site, Context and Associations

Recovered from a round cairn. The Cup was with the cremation deposit of a child covered with a flat stone, a (?) pin among bones, with the Cup above bones. One piece of calcined bone pierced with holes found, not preserved.

Refs: Greenwell,1877, 383-4, Kinnes and Longworth,1985,169.

256

9. Old Parks Kirkoswald Tullie House Museum Ref: CALMG 1949.109.3 Dimensions: Rim diameter 3.6 to 4.0cms (irregular), Height 4.4cms, Base diameter 1.6cms

Fabric and form Fabric is pink brown in colour with a dark firecloud. There are two possible firing spalls near the rim and inclusions are crushed stone, rare and quartz sand. This is a pinched pot and the form is biconical. The rim is simple and rounded and the base has an omphalos. Overall the Cup is heavy for its size and it is not perforated.

Classification –Type 1

Decorative techniques and motifs

The upper half has oblique to vertical twisted cord lines closely set and interrupted at 7mm and 17mm from the rim by two encircling twisted cord lines. The vertical decoration has been done first followed by the horizontal lines. The decorative scheme is repeated on the lower half down to 17mm below the shoulder there are two encircling lines below followed by one and a half lines of crudely executed fingernail herringbone. The base is undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

Recovered from a large cairn used as a cremation cemetery during the course of being dismantled by workmen in 1892. Any association is unclear.

Refs: Ferguson 1895,389-399.

257

10. Old Parks Kirkoswald Tullie House Museum Ref: CALMG 1919.109.2 Dimensions: Rim diameter 7.0cms, Height 6.8cms, Base diameter 1.5cms

Fabric and form A hard fired yellow brown sandy fabric with sand inclusions that are rounded and finely crushed stone, moderate. The form is biconical with a gently rounded shoulder. The rim is rounded and the base has an omphalos. There are two pairs of opposing perforations applied pre-firing, displaced clay can be seen around the holes.

Classification –Type 1

Decorative techniques and motifs

Immediately below the rim there are small circular impressions then below these, an encircling incised line. This acts as an upper border for the main decorative motif which comprises stacked vertical chevrons with dot infillings bordered by horizontal incised lines, each with a row of stabs or pinpricks.

Below the shoulder a row of dots is bordered by an incised horizontal line haphazardly executed then below this there are crude hanging chevrons motifs comprising double lines with pinpricked infilling. The base angle is defined by two encircling incised lines with small pinpricks and then a final circle of pinpricks. The decoration breaks down resulting in uneven hanging chevrons.

Site, Context and Associations

Recovered from a large cairn used as a cremation cemetery during the course of being dismantled by workmen in 1892. The Cup contained 12 cannel coal beads.

Refs: Ferguson 1895,389-399.

258

11. Old Penrith Edinburgh Museum Ref: NMS: X.ED1 Dimensions: Rim diameter 6.5cms, Height 6.0cms, Base diameter 4.5cms

Fabric and Form The fabric is pale brown with some pink patches, smooth in texture with fine sand and quartz inclusions >1mm, sparse. The Cup is biconical in form and has an inturned rim bevel which is decorated. The base is circular but flat and one pair of perforations is placed below the carination. The Cup is well fired and the base exterior is blackened in a small spot but there is no evidence of blackening on the interior.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim bevel has one band of incised diagonal lines around (not fingernail). On the rim top exterior there is one incised horizontal line encircling, below which there are simple incised triangles meeting another incised horizontal encircling line around. Below this; and still on the upper portion there are vertical incised lines, unequal in length and spaced unevenly around. The motif is repeated immediately below the carination along with the pair of perforations and then below, on the lower portion there is one band of chevrons in an R-L direction again unequal in length. Finally there are two encircling horizontal incised lines delineating the base, which seem a little haphazard in their execution.

Site, Context and Associations

The record merely states the Cup was found in the burial grounds of Old Pendrith (sic). No associations known.

Refs: Smith,1870,189-207.

259

12. Roose, Dove Cote Fields Dock Museum Ref: BAWMS.07906 Dimensions: Rim diameter 5.6cms, Height 6.4cms, Base diameter 3.5cms

Fabric and Form

The Cup is biconical and made of an orange brown coloured fabric which has sand and quartz inclusions >2mm, rare, evident at the base. The rim is rounded and slightly inturned and there is one pair of perforations. The base is flat and the lower portion flares up to a rounded soft carination. The upper portion reduces to a contracted mouth.

Classification – Type 2

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim is decorated with one band of short incisions or dots (varying) around the internal rim. The upper portion to the carination has three bands of dot impressions made with a sharp reed, awl or bone tool instrument and then the carination has two encircling bands of twisted around the widest diameter. The decorative dots do not perforate through to the internal surface of the fabric. The lower portion and base is undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

Found in a cairn which contained a cremation burial, placed at the head of a body burnt in situ and associated with another Cup (see entry below).

Refs: Anon, 1846, 68.

260

13. Roose, Dove Cote Fields Dock Museum Ref: BAWMS.07907 Dimensions: Rim diameter 5.8cms, Height 5.6cms, Base diameter 5.0cms

Fabric and Form The fabric is orange brown and has a slightly roughened texture with one limestone inclusion at the rim >3mm. The rim is slightly abraded and the Cup is a miniature tripartite Food Vessel. The rim has a slight internal bevel and there are no perforations.

Classification –Type 2

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The Cup has an incised zigzag around the rim exterior which is abraded away in parts. No other decoration can be seen.

Site, Context and Associations

Found in a cairn which contained a cremation burial, placed at the head of a body burnt in situ and associated with another Cup (see entry above).

Refs: Anon, 1846, 68.

261

14. Skirwith Moor Tullie House Museum Ref: CALMG 1926.27.434 Dimensions: Rim diameter 5.9cms, Height 8.0cms, Base diameter 5.0cms

Fabric and form The fabric is a hard, well fired fabric, buff with pink patches, and smooth surfaces with occasional rare inclusions breaking surfaces but lying flush with it. Sand inclusions do not exceed 1mm across. The upright rim is incomplete and the Cup is a large biconical.

Classification –Type 1

Decorative techniques and motifs

Upright rounded rim decorated internally with incised zig zags with trace of an incised line on part of the rim top. Rim exterior decorated with incised zig zags on the upright portion of the neck. Where it joins the body there are two incised lines horizontally encircling. The upper portion of the body is decorated by two tiers of incised filled triangles. The filling on the upper triangles slope left to right, on the lower ones from right to left. The opposing triangles are undecorated. Two incised lines encircle the maximum diameter. The lower body has widely spaced incised cross hatching and the base has three encircling incised lines.There are four perforations.

Site, Context and Associations

Unknown

Refs: None known .

262

Derbyshire

15. Bradfield Barnside Common Sheffield Museum Ref: 1972.448 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 5.5cms, Height 4.5cms, Base diameter 6.5cms,

Fabric and Form The Cup is made from a yellow fabric which has suffered heat damage and spalling to all surfaces, particularly to the lower portion. It is a firing waster. The base is spalled and distorted and the base angle is blackened. Burnt inclusions are visible, grog and ? limestone, >4mm, sparse. The Cup form is biconical with a plain upright rim and angular carination and a flat base which is distorted. There are two perforations placed on the carination.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

Undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

A cremation deposit in a flat grave. Associated with two Collared Urns, fragments of bronze (lost) and a flint flake.

Refs: Longworth,1984, entry no.1405.

263

Illustration of the Bradfield Barnside Common Cup and associated Collared Urns.

264

16. Brassington Galley Low Sheffield Museum Ref: J.93.880 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 8.0cms, Height 7.8cms, Base diameter 7.2cms

Fabric and Form

This Cup is heavily reconstructed and 15% of the Cup is absent, the fabric is orange brown in colour and resembles leather in appearance, being also very smooth in texture. One possible grog inclusion is visible externally, 6mm, the rim is upright, the profile of the Cup is generally straight sided. There are holes close to the rim, two together and one opposite which are larger than usual perforations and appear to be for suspension rather than decoration.

Classification –Type 2

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

Undecorated

Site, Context and Associations

From a round barrow containing multiple inhumations, the Cup was found among the bones of four skeletons inhumed together.

Refs: Bateman,1848,39, Vine, 1982, 185, No. 633.

265

17. Chapel en le Frith Buxton Museum Ref: DER SM9178 Greenlow Plantation Dimensions: Mouth diameter 6.3cms, Height 5.5cms, Base diameter 8.3cms

Fabric and Form The Cup is heavily reconstructed, however the areas that appear original are pale brown in colour. The Cup has blackening on the exterior surface close to the rim and base. It is not possible to determine what inclusions are present due to the nature of reconstruction. The Cup has received a heavy colour wash in a deep orange colour. The rim is upright, the carination is gently rounded and there are no perforations.

Classification –Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim is undecorated, the rim exterior has one incised line encircling around then the upper portion is decorated with two bands of evenly spaced dots. The carination has three incised lines encircling around then the dot motif is repeated on the lower portion. There is one incised encircling line around the base angle of the Cup.

Site, Context and Associations

From a ring cairn, associated with a cremation deposit, a Collared Urn and two flints.

Refs: Marsden, 1977, 27a, Vine, 1982,188, Longworth, 1984, entry no.265.

266

18. Doll Tor Sheffield Museum Ref: 1981.1245 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 5.5cms, Height 8.0cms, Base diameter 5.5cms

Fabric and Form The fabric is orange in colour, thick and rough textured and a large crack runs down through the Cup body to the base. The rim is partially absent with the remaining parts presenting an 7mm internal bevel.The Cup form is biconical with a rounded carination or shoulder positioned near to the rim leaving a short concave neck area. Inclusions of sand and grog >2mm, sparse. There are no obvious burnt patches on this Cup, nor are there any perforations.

Classification – Type 2

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

Undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

Recovered from the eastern end of stone circle near a large flat stone, with child remains (not stated if inhumed or cremated), the upper portion of a Food Vessel and a flint scraper.

Refs: Vine, 1982, 238.

267

19. Doll Tor Circle, Stanton Moor Sheffield Museum Ref: 1981.1244 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 10cms estimated, Height 9.0cms, Base diameter 5.2cms estimated

Fabric and Form

The Cup is only 50% present and the remaining portion comprises of a large rim to base sherd which is broken at the base angle area. The fabric is yellow/orange in colour, in poor condition, porous in texture and there is a large void within the sherd break which could be a perforation (5mm). There are numerous voids internally and externally but no direct evidence of heat damage or colouration. The rim is upright with a slight bevel and the Cup has a splayed side and a small base, most of which is missing.

Classification –Type 2

Decorative techniques and Motifs

The Cup is very lightly decorated by toothed comb impressions on the upper third of the vessel. The impressions are fairly random but in one place they are applied vertically, 7 or 8 teeth have been counted. These are a little difficult to see and have been missed during museum cataloguing.

Site, Context and Associations

The Cup was found inverted at the edge of a large flat stone, positioned at the east of the stone circle. Associations include 3 unburnt flints and a few small pieces of bronze (not seen).

268

Refs: Bateman,1855, 99, Vine,1982, 238.

269

20. Doll Tor Circle, Stanton Moor Sheffield Museum Ref: 1981.1243 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 8.5cms, Height 8.5cms, Base diameter 6.2cms

Fabric and Form The Cup is orange yellow in colour with prominent irregular voids >5mm internally and externally. The fabric is in poor condition. The Cup is a small Food Vessel with an upright irregular rim. Inclusions of grog and stone >5mm, rare, can be seen. The fabric is cracked and spalled on the side and at the base in small patches.

Classification –Type 2

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

Undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

Possibly found with 1981.244 and 1245. No information available.

Refs: Vine,1982, 237.

270

21. Holmesfield, Totley Moor Sheffield Museum Ref: J 1966.254 Brown Edge Circle Dimensions: Mouth diameter 6.6cms, Height 4.5cms, Base diameter 5.5cms

Fabric and Form

The Cup is deep orange in colour and is chalky and soft in texture. There is some reconstruction and a large crack across the Cup body. Grog and dark grey limestone inclusions can be seen >5mm, rare/sparse. There are darker grey patches externally but no obvious area of burning. The Cup has one pair of perforations and is an open Cup form with an upright flat topped rim and a slightly rounded base.

Classification –Type 5

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

This Cup is decorated on the rim top and all over the external surface with small angular stab impressions, randomly applied but fairly even in distribution. The base is undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

From a ring cairn consisting of an earthern bank with a central cairn, containing a cremation deposit of a young adult female, a Collared Urn, inverted but broken, one burnt utilised flake and one fragment of limpet shell.

Refs: Marsden,1977, 106-7, Longworth, 1984, entry no. 278.

271

22. Matlock Bridge Nr Sheffield Museum Ref: J93.831 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 7.8cms, Height 9.4cms, Base diameter 6.4cms

Fabric and Form The Cup is made from an orange brown coloured fabric which has black patches at the carination and rim areas on one side. There are a number of stone inclusions which break the external surface >7mm, sparse, and some external voiding. The fabric has a rough texture and there are vertical cracks and some reconstruction. The Cup has an upright rim, an angular carination a flat base and no perforations. This Cup is a miniature Food Vessel.

Classification –Type 2

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The Cup decoration is poorly executed and breaks down in a number of places. There is an incised line around the rim exterior, below which there are incised triangles around the upper portion, then another incised line around below the triangles, which sits on the carination.

Site, Context and Associations

From a cist with a square flat limestone lid covering a cremation deposit and a large Food Vessel (unavailable/lost?)

Refs: Bateman,1861, 244, Abercromby, 1912, fig 266.

272

23. Middleton and Smerril Sheffield Museum Ref: J93.881

Larks Low Barrow Dimensions: Mouth diameter 5.0cms, Height 4.7cms, Base diameter 8.0cms

Fabric and Form

The Cup is made from a well fired, very smooth textured fabric, yellow brown in colour with darker patches which may be fireclouds around the rim and upper area. Inclusions of limestone are present >5mm, rare, also tiny mica grains >1mm which sparkle. One external area is cracked horizontally at the widest diameter and slightly blackened. The form is a bowl shape with a slightly contracted mouth, an inturned rounded rim and a wide, flat base. The rim has a small area missing. There are no perforations.

Classification –Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

Undecorated

Site, Context and Associations

A whetstone, flint, bronze pin and animal teeth together with the Cup which was on a flat limestone covering a Collared Urn (sherd only remains).

Refs: Howarth,1899,152, Vine,1982,199.

273

24. Stanton Moor T13 Sheffield Museum Ref: 1979.985 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 6.4cms, Height 5.5cms, Base diameter – unmeasurable From Barrow 13 Deposit J (Heathcote Collection)

Collared Urn shown at a scale of 1:4, Cup at 1:2. Fabric and Form The fabric texture is roughened and yellow brown in colour, no obvious inclusions, and there are cracks present from the rim to the softly rounded carination. The rim is abraded but generally upright and the base is flat but uneven externally. The cremation deposit is retained within the Cup. There are two perforations positioned just below the carination.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim top is undecorated, the external surface is decorated with horizontal bands of herringbone, incised with a thin sharp bone or flint. There is one band of dots around the carination at the maximum diameter and the perforations have been applied after the decoration.

Site, Context and Associations

From a pit in a rectangular barrow containing an adult cremation deposit and associated with a Collared Urn and a clay stud.

Refs: Vine,1982, 230, Longworth,1984, entry no.320.

274

25. Stanton Moor Sheffield Museum Ref: 1981.1223 Barrow 61 Deposit D Dimensions: Mouth Diameter 4.5cms, Height 5.0cms, Base diameter 2.5cms

Fabric and Form The fabric is rough and sandy in texture and porous from heat damage. Sparse inclusions of limestone and quartz break the surface and are present particularly on the base >4mm. The fabric is generally a rich orange brown in colour but has small areas of pink and grey externally, more prevalent on the base. The Cup has a gently rounded carination, an simple upright rim and an omphalos base. There are four perforations set just below the carination.

Classification –Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The external rim area has three incised encircling lines around then below these on the upper portion there are oblique ( left to right) incised lines reaching to the carination. The carination has four incised encircling lines which reach down onto the lower portion and these form the border for more oblique incised lines which meet the base. The base has two encircling incised lines around it .

Site, Context and Associations

From a ring cairn , associated with a cremation deposit, a Collared Urn and Cup (see entry below) and one burnt flint, utilized.

Refs: Vine,1982, 234 no.615, Longworth,1984, entry no.337.

275

26. Stanton Moor Sheffield Museum Ref: 1981.1221 Barrow 61 Deposit D Dimensions: Mouth diameter 4.0cms, Height 4.5cms, Base diameter 4.8cms

Collared Urn shown at a scale of 1:4, Cup at 1:2. Fabric and Form

The Cup is made from a porous pale orange fabric with grey patches where it has been heat affected. There is a section of rim missing and cracking below this area. Limestone inclusions break the surface >5mm, rare, and there is some voiding on both surfaces. The Cup is biconical in form, has a rim bevel which is almost upright, an angular carination and a flat base. There are two perforations set one above the other on the carination.

Classification –Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The internal rim bevel has one band of dots around, then the rim exterior has one line of twisted cord encircling it. Below this, there are triangles of twisted cord infilled with dots, typically five dots per triangle. The motif is bordered below by another twisted cord encircling line which sits just above the carination. The remainder of the Cup is undecorated.

276

Site, Context and Associations

From a ring cairn, associated with a cremation deposit, a Collared Urn and Cup (see entry above) and one burnt flint, utilized.

Refs: Vine,1982, 234 no.615, Longworth,1984, entry no.337.

277

27. Stanton Moor Sheffield Museum Ref: 1979.1088 Barrow 36 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 4.9cms, Height 3.5cms, Base diameter 2.4cms

Fabric and Form

The fabric of this small Cup is orange in colour, thin and cracked and crazed from heat damage. Externally there are abundant grog and limestone inclusions, >3mm. The rim is plain and upright, the Cup has a gentle carination that tapers away to a small flat base. The cremated remains within the Cup are not certain in their association. There are no perforations.

Classification –Type 2

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

Undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

From a barrow containing a cremation deposit.

Refs: Vine,1982, No.634

278

28. Stanton Moor Sheffield Museum Ref: 1981.1210 1889, Quarry A1 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 5.4cms, Height 5.2cms, Base diameter 4.5cms

Fabric and Form The fabric is pale orange in colour with white, grey and black patches and from the base upwards the Cup has been heat damaged. The Cup is well made and well fired and there are two limestone inclusions >2mm just above the carination. The rim has a smooth internal bevel, the profile is biconical with a very slight angular carination made more obvious by the incised lines used to decorate. There are no perforations.

Classification –Type 3

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim bevel is plain, the external rim area has two deeply incised lines encircling, then below this on the upper portion there are opposed triangles formed by deeply incised lines and infilled by graduated incised lines. The smallest infilling has been cut out and there are ten of these cutouts around the Cup. The motifs are bordered on the carination by two more deeply incised lines leaving the lower portion undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

Found inside a large Cordoned Urn with a cremation deposit covered over by a flat stone, in a ? flat grave. A stone bowl found inside a (lost) urn was found at the same location some weeks later.

Refs: Vine,1982, 236.

279

Illustration of Stanton Moor Quarry A1 1899 Cup and associated Cordoned Urn.

Cordoned Urn shown at a scale of 1:4, Cup at 1:2.

280

29. Stanton Moor Sheffield Museum Ref: 1981.1226 Barrow 21 deposit B Dimensions: Mouth diameter 6.0cms, Height 4.5cms, Base diameter- unmeasurable

Fabric and Form

The fabric is pale orange in colour and is rough in texture with limestone, stone and grog inclusions >5mm, moderate. The base is blackened, there are grey patches externally and the rim top has white patches. There are some voids internally and one on the external surface. The Cup is open in form with a flat top slightly expanded, slight assymetery in the body profile then a base that is too rounded to measure. There are no perforations.

Classification –Type 5

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

Undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

In a mound extension to a round barrow with a stone circle at the periphery, a cremation deposit of a young male secondary to a Food Vessel cremation, with a Collared Urn, one flint knife, scraper, utilized flake, unutilized flake and a flint fragment, all burnt.

Refs: Vine,1982, 232, no. 635, Longworth,1984, entry no. 329.

281

30. Stanton Moor Sheffield Museum Ref: 1981.1211 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 5.0cms, Height 2.4cms, Base diameter 7.5 x 7.2cms irregular

Fabric and Form

The fabric is pale brown in colour and has been smoothed externally. Limestone and stone inclusions >2mm, rare can be seen internally. The internal base is uneven. This is a low flat Cup and may be an unfinished lower portion of a biconical Cup. There are no perforations.

Classification –Type 5

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

Undecorated

Site, Context and Associations

Unknown

Refs: None known

282

31. Stanton Moor Sheffield Museum Ref: J93.884 1799 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 4.3cms, Height 3.4cms, Base diameter 8.0cms, of which omphalos is 3.0cms

Fabric and Form

The Cup is a well made, well fired pale orange coloured fabric which has a slight sparkle effect from inclusions of mica grains, in addition to dark grey black limestone inclusions >3mm, sparse. The form is biconical with a rounded upright rim which is uneven and the base has an uneven omphalos. There are no perforations.

Classification –Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim is undecorated, the rim exterior /upper portion has finely incised opposing filled triangles bordered above an incised line encircling the Cup. The carination has two incised lines encircling around then the lower portion has vertical and slightly oblique incised lines which reach to the base. Under the base around the omphalos, there are radiating incised lines which are bordered by one encircling incised line toward the outer edge of the base.

Site, Context and Associations

In a barrow, found inside a Collared Urn with a cremation deposit. Collared Urn unavailable for study.

Refs: Bateman,1848, 23, Howarth,1899,153, Vine,1982, 235, no. 613.

283

32. Stanton Moor Sheffield Museum Ref: J 1979.980 Barrow 8 Deposit A Dimensions: Mouth diameter 4.0cms, Height 4.2cms, Base diameter 4.6cms

Fabric and Form

This is a small Cup with a very slight rounded carination, an upright but abraded rim and flat base. The fabric is orange in colour with areas of reddening and grey black patches externally. The fabric is finely cracked and the texture is rough. There are inclusions of mica grains which sparkle, >1mm, sparse and two perforations set just below the widest diameter.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

Undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

With a primary cremation burial at centre of barrow, small pieces of bronze and remains of a pin (not seen).

Refs: Vine,1982, 229 no. 631.

284

33. Stanton Moor Sheffield Museum Ref: 1979.904 Barrow 2 Deposit C Dimensions: Mouth diameter 4.5cms, Height 5.5cms, Base diameter 4.5 x 5.0cms, irregular

Fabric and Form

The fabric is a smooth well fired pale orange fabric which is 40% reconstructed. Limestone inclusions can be seen >5mm, sparse and mica grains which sparkle. There are some slightly darker orange patches but these are not obvious. The Cup has an upright rim with flat top, a very soft carination and flat base. One perforation is present and three small external voids were counted.

Classification –Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

Undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

Found in the NW quadrant of outer stone circle with a cremation deposit of an adult, a flint scraper and flint knife.

Refs: Vine,1982, 227, no.630.

285

34. Stanton Moor 1C Derby Museum Ref: 1926-35/3 Barrow 1 New Park Quarry Dimensions: Mouth diameter 6.0cms, Height 4.8cms, Base diameter 3.5cms

Fabric and Form

The Cup is made from a pale orange fabric with a smooth surface texture externally. The fabric is well fired and has stone and grog inclusions sparse, >3mm. Slight grey patches are evident externally and on the base. The Cup has an upright, rounded but abraded rim, a sharp carination close to the base and a small circular base. There is one pair of perforations set on the carination.

Classification –Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim exterior has two incised encircling lines then below there are opposing incised triangles, each filled with two decreasing size triangles decorated with one band of dots. The carination has two more incised encircling lines around it then below, the lower portion is undecorated. The base underneath has two incised lines around the perimeter then inside there is a cruciform motif using double lines of which some areas are filled with random dots.

Site, Context and Associations

Found in a cairn containing a cremation cemetery, Cup with a Collared Urn or Cordoned Urn (descriptions vary, sherd only, lost) which contained both the Cup and the cremation deposit.

Refs: Longworth,1967, 111-122, Vine,1982, 226, no.614, Longworth,1984, entry no. 299.

286

35. Stanton Moor 1C Derby Museum Ref: 1926-35/4 Barrow 1 New Park Quarry Dimensions: Mouth diameter 5.5cms, Height 4.2cms, Base diameter unmeasurable

Fabric and Form

This is a small open Cup which has been damaged by heat and is a firing waster. It may have originally been a pale orange fabric determined from small areas of unaffected clay, but is mostly grey in colour both internally and externally. There are two large cracks on the interior base surface and the exterior is heavily spalled causing a mishapen appearance.The rim appears to be upright and the base is indeterminable and there are no perforations.

Classification –Type 5

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

Undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

From a cairn which contained a cremation cemetery, with a Collared Urn, Cup in Urn with cremation deposit covered by a large stone.

Refs: Marsden,1977,119, Vine,1982, 226, no.632, Longworth,1984, entry no. 299.

287

36. Stanton Moor 1C Derby Museum Ref: 1926- 35/5 Barrow 1 New Park Quarry Dimensions: Mouth diameter 4.8cms, Height 5.0cms, Base diameter 6.0cms

Fabric and Form

The Cup is made from a thick fabric, much fire damaged. It was originally an orange coloured fabric but is now blackened and crazed externally .The Cup is assymeterical in form and has an upright uneven rim which is bevelled in some places. There is a soft carination and a flat base and the Cup has five individual perforations unevenly spaced and grog inclusions can be seen internally and externally >5mm, sparse.

Classification –Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim bevel has oblique fingernail impressions in one band around, then the whole of the external surface is decorated with bands of oblique stab lines which form a herringbone motif.

Site, Context and Associations

From a cairn containing a cremation cemetery.

Refs: Vine,1982, 226, no. 622.

288

37. Stone Low, Baslow Moor Sheffield Museum Ref: J93.893 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 4.6cms, Height 4.5cms, Base diameter 2.8cms

Fabric and Form

The fabric is thick and orange in colour with dark grey gritstone inclusions and grog >5mm, moderate. The surface texture is slightly roughened by the inclusions breaking the surface yet the fabric is quite soft. Externally there is an irregular void (6mm) on the upper portion and the rim is partially absent. The Cup is blackened internally from the base to the rim in one half only suggesting the Cup was on its side when exposed to burning or burnt material.There is one pair of perforations at the widest diameter. The Cup form is biconical with a flat topped upright rim and a flat/slightly rounded base.

Classification –Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

Undecorated

Site, Context and Associations

Found with two urns, ‘neatly ornamented’ one which contained the Cup, a cremation deposit and flints, no record of where the urns are or what type.

Refs: Bateman,1848, 27-8.

289

38. Tissington Sheffield Museum Ref: J 1957.113 Crake Low Barrow Dimensions: Mouth diameter 6.0cms, Height 7.0ms, Base diameter 4.0ms

Fabric and Form

The Cup is an open slightly globular form with heavy cracking and some reconstruction. The fabric is pale orange in colour and there are no obvious inclusions other than sand. The rim is slightly rounded but generally upright, the body is slightly assymetrical and tapers to a heavy thick flat base.There are no perforations.

Classification –Type 4

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

Undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

With an inhumation at the edge of a barrow, previously disturbed by workmen.

Refs: Bateman,1861, 37-38, Vine,1982, 176, No.627.

290

39. Youlgreave, Harthill Moor Sheffield Museum Ref: J93.818A Dimensions: Mouth diameter 7.6cms, Height 7.4cms, Base diameter 4.4cms

Fabric and Form

The Cup is a miniature Yorkshire Vase with 50% absent from the rim and upper portion area. There is also some reconstruction to the original fabric. The fabric colour is brown and the texture is smooth where it is undecorated. The Cup is heavily cracked and crazed externally and has tiny sparse inclusions of mica grains >1mm, which sparkle. There is some blackening at the base. The Cup has an internal rim bevel, a heavily incised carination and a concave base. There are no perforations.

Classification –Type 2

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim bevel is decorated with incised herringbone as is the rim exterior. The neck to carination zone has short incised lines in three bands before the carination is deeply incised or gouged giving a double carination effect. Below the carination there is a band of herringbone incised lines then again around the base angle. Underneath the base is undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

With secondary cremation burials near centre of a round barrow. The Cup was associated with a small Food Vessel.

291

Refs: Bateman,1848, 71-3, Howarth,1899,120-4, Marsden,1977, 43, Vine,1982, 191 no.600.

Illustration of the Youlgreave Cup (left) and associated Food Vessel (right). Illustration of Food Vessel taken from Vine (1982).

292

Greater Manchester

40. Bolton Breightmet Hill Bolton Museum Ref: BOLMG 1955.1.A Dimensions: Mouth diameter 4.4cms, Height 4.01cms, Base diameter 3.5cms

Fabric and Form

The fabric of the Cup is thick, grey brown in colour and although it has been repaired as it has a large crack to the external body and cracks around the base interior. The fabric crumbles easily to a fine sand like texture when handled and the exterior surface is smooth in texture and rare grog inclusions >3mm can be seen. The form is a small open Cup with a rounded upright rim and a flat base. The Cup is uncarinated and there are no perforations.

Classification –Type 5

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim top has very fine incised criss cross lines applied all around but they are quite poorly defined as if very little pressure has been applied.The external rim area has two twisted cord lines encircling which overlay the top of oblique fine incised lines which reach down to the base. Some lines are oblique and others are vertical. Under the base there is a herringbone motif made up of bands of five incised lines.

Site, Context and Associations

Unknown. The Cup was found as a result of commercial earthmoving operations.

Refs: None other than the Museum record.

293

41. Bolton Haulgh Hall Bolton Museum Ref: Loan Object: 267 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 6.5cms, Height 8.1cms, Base diameter 2.5cms Note: This Cup was thought to be lost. It is currently on loan from the Earl of Bradford Estate and may be returned imminently.

Fabric and Form The Cup is made from a large well fired orange fabric which has a large area of heat damage on one side, resulting in approximately 10% of the upper portion being absent. The area around the heat damage is cracked and the fabric is porous and roughened in contrast with the remainder of the pot which is slightly gritty but denser. Limestone and grog inclusions are sparse to moderate within and on the surface of the fabric >4mm and one void can be seen internally and one on the external surface. The Cup is biconical and has a rounded carination, and the lower portion tapers to a small circular flat base which has an omphalos. Four perforations can be seen, unevenly spaced , two being within large cracks.

Classification –Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim top is undecorated, the rim exterior has one band of small infilled opposing triangles around it, below which there are two very fine twisted or plaited cord impressed lines encircling. Below these horizontal lines there are evenly spaced very fine vertical twisted cord lines which reach to the maximum diameter. The gently rounded carination has two more encircling twisted cord lines around then the motif of small infilled opposing triangles is repeated .Below this there are seven incised

294 circular lines around the lower portion to the base, and under the base is undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

Found in a cist within a round cairn, associated with a crouched inhumation on a N-S alignment, one riveted bronze knife and the Cup which was inverted near the head on the West side.

Refs: Dawes,1853, 130-2 fig.1.

295

42. Clifton on Irwell British Museum Ref: BM 1870, 0705.1 Dimensions: Mouth Diameter 6.5cms, Height 5.4cms, Base diameter 2.5cms

Fabric and Form

A pale orange well fired fabric with tiny voids and abundant fine sand inclusions >1mm. The Cup is biconical in form and has an internal ‘soft’ rim bevel. The base is small and flat and there is one pair of perforations.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim bevel is decorated with incised triangles filled with oblique lines all in a L-R direction. Externally there are three incised lines horizontally encircling the rim exterior then below there is a band of triangles once again filled with oblique lines which is bordered below by another incised horizontal encircling line. There is then an undecorated zone until the triangle motif is repeated with the triangles pendant. There are two bands of herringbone below the carination bordered by an incised horizontal encircling line. The small base may have been decorated but it is too abraded to be certain.

Site, Context and Associations

Found in a flat grave with a few bones.

Refs: Longworth,1967, 111-122, A3.

296

43. Irwell Whitelow Hill (Burial L) Bury Museum Ref: BUYGM.1972.21 Also known as Ramsbottom, Irwell 814 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 5.2cms, Height 4.5cms, Base diameter 4.8cms

Fabric and Form

The Cup is made from an orange brown fabric which has sand, quartz and ?shale inclusions moderate, >2mm. The external surface is crazed but there are no obvious areas of burning discolouration.The rim has a shallow internal bevel and the Cup form is biconical, the maximum diameter is approximately halfway down the Cup and the lower portion then tapers to a generally flat base which has a footring just barely visible.There are no perforations.

Classification –Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

Undecorated

Site, Context and Associations

From an enclosed cremation cemetery with a central cairn, associated with an inverted Collared Urn containing the Cup, a broken flint blade and a cremation deposit from one individual. Collared Urn unavailable for study.

Refs: Longworth,1984, entry no. 612.

297

44. Radcliffe Ees Manchester Museum Ref: 22825 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 8.0cms, Height 3.5cms, Base diameter 6.0cms estimated, Cup is in three large sherds.

Fabric and form

The fabric is pale orange brown in colour, and is in poor condition. Very common inclusions of coarse sand and grog are present however the fabric appears to be crumbling as it is handled. Approximately 45% of the vessel is present as three sherds. The rim is upright, rounded and slightly irregular. The sherds that are present suggest a biconical Cup.

Classification –Type 1

Decorative techniques and motifs

The rim is highly abraded but does not appear to have any decoration on its surface. Externally the whole body is decorated with encircling lines of horizontal impressed twisted cord between which there are abraded herringbone impressions. The base is undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

‘Probably from a disc barrow’ – Handwritten note in storage box at Museum.

Refs: Unknown

298

Lancashire

45. Bleasdale Circle Preston Harris Museum Ref: A115 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 7cms, Height 7cms, Base diameter 4.8cms

Fabric and form

The fabric is orange in colour and fine and has inclusions of grog visible on all surfaces >5mm,sparse. The Cup form is biconical with an inturned rim which has a bevel, the base of generally flat but has a very slight footring and there are no perforations. Externally there are two firing spalls above the carination and blackening around the spalled areas. The interior of the Cup is also grey/black in some areas. This Cup is one of the larger examples of the tradition being 12 cm across the widest maximum diameter.

Classification –Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim bevel is plain, then externally the surface is decorated with incised lines horizontally applied down to the lower portion where they give way to a radial/crosshatch motif which reaches to the base and can only really be seen when the Cup is turned upside down. The flat circular base is undecorated.

Site, Context and Assocations

From a round barrow with post circle within a pennanular woodlined ditch positioned within a palisaded enclosure. Two Collared Urns were inverted over a cremation in a primary pit in the centre of the mound, the Cup was found inverted inside the urn shown on the left hand side, below.

299

Refs: Varley, 1938, 154-171, Longworth,1984, entry no. 803.

Illustration of the Bleasdale Cup and associated Collared Urns. Cup shown at 1:2, Collared Urns at 1:4.

300

46. Darwen (Whitehall over Darwen) Darwen Library no ref Dimensions: Mouth diameter 4.0cms, Height 3.5cms, Base diameter 7.0cms

Fabric and Form

The Cup is a firing waster with large spalls externally. It is an orange brown coloured fabric, smooth externally where complete, and blackened externally down one side from rim to base. There are sand and quartz inclusions, >2mm, rare and a number of burnt out voids which are angular or organic. The Cup has a plain slightly inturned rim, a soft carination and a flat base. There are no perforations.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

Undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

From a round barrow cremation cemetery, associated with a Collared Urn and one cremation deposit.

Refs: Longworth,1984, entry no. 821.

301

Illustration of Darwen Cup 1 and associated Collared Urn

Cup shown at 1:2, Collared Urn at 1:4

302

47. Darwen (Whitehall over Darwen) Darwen Library no ref. Dimensions: Mouth diameter 6.7cms, Height 4.3cms, Base diameter 6.4cms

Fabric and Form

The fabric is pale orange in colour and has sand, quartz and small stone inclusions rare, > 2mm and there are large spalls and voids externally.

The rim is bevelled inward and there is a very soft rounded carination and the base is flat. The Cup has no perforations.

Classification –Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

Undecorated

Site, Context and Associations

From a round barrow cremation cemetery, associated with a Collared Urn containing the Cup and an ogival dagger.

Refs: Longworth,1984, entry no. 817.

303

Illustration of the Darwen Cup 2 and associated Collared Urn and dagger blade.

Cup and dagger shown at 1:2, Collared Urn at 1:4.

304

48. Waddington Pinder Hill Clitheroe Castle Museum Ref: TEMP 2006:1548 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 8.7cms, Height 7.0cms, Base diameter (omphalos) 2.0cms

Fabric and Form

The fabric is orange in colour and is heavily restored internally with a large crack across the base. The Cup is a contracted mouth form and has a very low, wide maximum diameter compared to others of the same form. The lower portion diminishes to a small circular base which has an omphalos. There are three perforations below the carination and there are a number of external voids which give the appearance of perforations but these do not penetrate through the fabric and are somewhat irregular in form. Longworth reports finding five perforations (1984: 220), Raistrick (1931) fails to comment on them at all. One void was measured at 5mm. The fabric has grog and quartz inclusions,>5mm rare, and there are pock marks and firing spalls externally.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The decorative motifs on this Cup have been implemented with care. The rim exterior has one band of oblique (left to right) short incised lines encircling, then below this a band of short vertical plaited cord impressions. These are bordered below by a horizontally encircling line of the same plaited cord impression. Below is a zone of opposing bands of incised lines which form a herringbone motif covering

305 the carination and reaches down to an encircling incised line. Below this, and down to the base there are very fine radial incised lines reaching to the omphalos base.

Site, Context and Associations

From a round barrow. The associations are a Collared Urn inverted over the Cup and cremation deposit, a bone collared toggle, a flint scraper and flint flake.

Refs: Raistrick, 1931, 248-252, Longworth, 1967, 111-122, Longworth, 1984, entry no. 845.

Illustration of the Waddington Cup and associated Collared Urn, bone toggle and flints. Collared Urn shown at 1:4, Cup, toggle and flints at 1:2.

Taken from Longworth (1984).

306

Northumberland

49. Belsay Castle (Nr.) Great North Museum Hancock Ref: 1914.1 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 7.4cms, Height 6.0cms, Base diameter 2.0cms

Fabric and Form The fabric is orange in colour with lighter cream patches externally. There is a large sherd absent form the upper portion (20%) possibly due to firing damage. The texture of the fabric is rough and sandy and inclusions of sand and stone/grit can be seen at the break >2mm, sparse. The sherd break is much darker than the rest of the fabric. The form is biconical with a lower portion that tapers to a small omphalos base. There is one pair of perforations just above the carination, and the rim top is bevelled.

Classification – Type 2

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim bevel is decorated with a double row of dots or small pinpricks, the rim exterior has two encircling incised lines then below this there are opposed and alternately infilled triangles, the infill has been executed possibly using fine twisted cord. There are two more encircling incised lines on and just above the carination, the remainder of the Cup is undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

Said to have been found with fragments of a large cinerary urn, now lost.

Refs: Anon,1914, 152.

307

50.Ford British Museum Ref: BM 1879, 1209.1741 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 6.9cms, Height 5.2cms, Base diameter 5.0cms

Fabric and Form

The Cup is made from an orange fabric with limestone inclusions, rare and some sand. There are some small voids around the heavily burnt area. A large section of the upper portion is missing (20%) and there is a crack around the interior, possibly along a coil. There are two perforations, one above the other. On the interior base and around the break, the pot is heavily blackened.

Classification – Type 2

Decorative Techniques and Motifs.

The Cup has five encircling horizontal lines of twisted cord down to the carination and this motif is 25mm deep from the rim top. The horizontal lines are intersected by four vertical twisted cord lines which finish at the carination. The lower portion and base is undecorated. Internally there are two fingernail impressions.

Site, Context and Associations

From an unlocated burial, may be the Cup described by Greenwell as originating from Broomridge, found with a cremation deposit.

Refs: Greenwell, 1877, foot of page 408.

308

51.Ford British Museum Ref: BM 1879, 1209.1742 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 5.0cms, Height 4.0cms, Base diameter 4.0cms

Fabric and Form

The form is a small open Cup, the fabric is pale orange in colour and smooth in texture. There are two large perforations at the maximum diameter. The Cup has a rolled upright rim and there are inclusions of naturally occurring fine sand and some areas of reconstruction.

Classification –Type 5

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

Undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

None known.

Refs: None known.

309

52. Ford Etal Moor British Museum Ref: BM 1879, 1209.1384 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 6.2cms, Height 4.3cms, Base diameter 4.5cms

Fabric and Form A simple Cup with an upright abraded rim and a flat base. The Cup is a firing waster, has spalled badly and all surfaces are covered in small spalls and pockmarks. It is not possible to see any inclusions and there are a number of large cracks. There is some white residue adhering to the interior surface (around 7mm diameter) and this could be leached chalk inclusion matter or cremated material. There are no perforations.

Classification – Type 5

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

Undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

From a round barrow, in the primary pit cut into natural with stones covering. Associated with three Collared Urns; the largest and upright Urn contained a cremation deposit of an adult and a small bronze fragment and outside the urn, the point of a burnt bone pin. The Cup was contained in another smaller Collared Urn and a third Urn was empty.

Refs: Longworth, 1984, entries 1046-8, Kinnes and Longworth,1985, no. 184, Burial 4.

310

Illustration of the Ford Etal Moor Cup and associated Urn assemblage. Cup, awl and pin shown at a scale of 1:2, Collared Urns at 1:4. Taken from Longworth (1984)

311

53.Haydon Bridge Great North Museum Hancock Ref: 1921.4 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 3.8cms irregular, Height 4.3cms, Base diameter 4.8cms irregular.

Fabric and Form A well fired bipartite Cup made from a pink coloured fabric which has areas of blackening and slight spalling revealing a grey core.There are voids in the blackened area and a crack around the rim top. The Cup is slightly assymetrical. Internally there are possible fingernail impressions around the inside of the carination, which have been smoothed off a little. The fabric is smooth, the rim is generally upright with a slight bevel and the base is flat externally but convex internally. There are no perforations.

Classification – Type 2

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The Cup is decorated with a haphazard motif of circular impressions which may have been made by a metal tube. The same tool has been used to decorate the around rim top/ bevel in one band. The base is undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

From a (?) flat grave. The Cup was found inside a Cordoned Urn along with a small Collared Urn (described as being in a very poor condition) and a cremation deposit. Cordoned Urn unavailable for study.

Refs: Cowen,1966, 228-232, Longworth,1984,entry no. 1053.

312

54. Holystone Common British Museum Ref: BM 1879, 1209.1445 Alwinton CCV Dimensions: Mouth diameter 6.5cms uneven, Height 8.5cms, Base diameter 5.5cms

Fabric and Form

The fabric is orange in colour and crumbly, with a high percentage of limestone inclusions >10mm, moderate. The form is a miniature Collared Urn and there is a deep collar which is distorted and pale beige on one outer surface. The rim fabric appears sintered, possibly vitrified, and the whole vessel is assymetrical. The base is flat and there are no perforations.

Classification –Type 2

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The pot has some decoration on the external surface of the collar consisting of three vertical lines, abraded but possibly incised. Below the collar there are both vertical and oblique chain plaited lines then one line encircling horizontally. The decorative panel below the collar is 16mm in depth.

Site, Context and Assocations

From a round barrow, the burial contained a Collared urn with the Cup , a heaped cremation deposit of an adolescent, two flints and a bone pin, both burnt.

Refs: Greenwell,1877, 427-8, Longworth,1984, entry no.1035, Kinnes and Longworth,1985, no. 205.3.

313

Illustration of the Holystone Common Cup and associated Collared Urn.

314

55. Lilburn Hill Great North Museum Hancock Ref: 1889 22/2

Dimensions:Mouth diameter 6.0cms, Height 6.0 cms, Base diameter 5.4cms irregular.

Fabric and Form

The Cup is made from an orange coloured fabric which has sand, stone and quartz inclusions moderate, just breaking the surface resulting in a roughened texture. The inclusions are >3mm. Externally the Cup has black and grey patches and has splayed sides and a flat topped/bevelled rim. There are no perforations.

Classification –Type 4

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim top has one band of fingernail impressions set at an oblique angle, externally the Cup has vertical rows of fingernail impressions which stop approximately 10mm above the base, the base and internal surface are undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

Recovered from a stone cist, cremation deposit and one collared urn sherd.

Refs: Gibson,1978, 97, Longworth,1984, entry 1059.

315

56. Lucker, Rayheugh Farm Alnwick Castle Museum Ref: ACAT: 2 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 4.2cms, Height 5.5cms, Base diameter 2.5cms

Fabric and Form An orange terracotta coloured fabric, smooth in texture with small inclusions of sand and quartz >1mm, sparse, and a void visible externally near the base and and one grog inclusion internally at the base 6mm in size. The Cup has white and grey residue adhering to both surfaces in patches. The form is bipartite and the rim is generally upright but slightly rounded and everted outward. There is a gently rounded carination and a small flat base and one pair of perforations pushed from the exterior inwards, executed after the Cup received its decorative motif. The Cup is a miniature Food Vessel.

Classification –Type 2

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim interior/top has one band of small birdbone dots encircling. This is repeated just above and just below the carination. The remainder of the Cup is undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

No site or context detail, found with a larger unknown vessel and fragments of others, now lost.

Refs: Way,1880, 7 plate IX.

316

57. Moralee Farm, Haydon Bridge Great North Musuem Hancock Ref: 1923.5 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 6.8cms, Height 6.6cms, Base diameter 4.6cms

Fabric and Form

The fabric is pale orange in colour with darker patches externally and is porous with fine gritty sand? inclusions >1mm, moderate, which roughen the texture. Externally there is one stone inclusion 5mm and lots of tiny voids are visible. The Cup has splayed sides and an upright rim. Internally the Cup has a collar or ridge approximately half way down to the base. There are no perforations and part of the rim is absent.

Classification – Type 3

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The internal rim collar has pendant triangles filled with three dots, then two incised lines encircling the outer edge. Externally the rim top has one incised line around then a row of dots before another incised line encircles. There are then panels of R-L chevrons, some infilled with dots, some not and there is a panel of two vertical lines infilled with four dots in a vertical row. This motif is not repeated. The chevrons are bordered below by two more encircling incised lines before an undecorated zone then two incised lines around the base filled with one band of dots. The base has a motif of two parallel incised lines cross hatched with two vertical incised lines, both filled with a row of dots.

Site, Context and Associations

The Cup was acquired from a workman in 1922. No details are known apart from a reference by Cowan (1966) to the Cup possibly being found at the same site as the Haydon Bridge (53) Cup.

317

Refs: Cowen,1966, 228-232, Gibson,1978, 97.

318

58. Newton Well House Farm Great North Museum Hancock Ref: 1980.2 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 6.0cms, Height 6.1cms, Base diameter 3.0cms

Fabric and Form

The fabric is brown in colour with internal and external black patches. A black patch overlies a spall which reveals a 5mm void. The texture is smooth and there are inclusions of fine sand >1mm, common. The Cup is a minature Yorkshire Vase and it has well executed decoration, a flat topped rim, a neck zone then a rounded double carination that has four equally spaced lugs, each of which has a horizontal perforation. The lower portion tapers away to a small slightly concave base.

Classification – Type 2

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim top has two bands of fine twisted or plaited cord around the outer edge, then two bands of impressed small triangles then a repeat of a single line of twisted/plaited cord around the inner rim edge. Externally the rim has two fine lines of twisted cord encircling then below there is a band of triangles horizontally encircling on the neck zone. Below this there are two horizontal encircling bands of twisted cord that converge just above each lug.

There are three lines of twisted cord around the Cup below the carination then a band of impressed triangles, below this there is a band of dots then three lines of twisted cord around again, then another band of dots before a band of triangles. Finally there are five horizontal bands of fine twisted cord around the vessel from just above the base angle to the base. The base underneath has a comb impressed cruciform motif encircled around the outer edge by toothed comb impressions.

319

Site, Context and Associations

One Food Vessel (restored from broken sherds), a fusiform bead of jet or shale, one flake of flint. The context was a cist, no burial or cremation surviving.

Refs: Gates,1981,45-50.

Illustration of the Newton Assemblage taken from Gates (1981).

320

59. Old Bewick (Moor) British Museum Ref: BM 1879, 1209.1749

Dimensions: Mouth diameter 9.5cms, Height 7.0cms, Base diameter 4.0cms

Fabric and Form The Cup is an open bowl form with an upright plain rim. The fabric is dark brown having the appearance of leather, with a rounded yet slightly flattened base, the vessel has no perforations. There are some small stone inclusions> 3mm, rare.

Classification –Type 5

Decorative techniques and motifs

Undecorated

Site, Context and Associations

Found beneath a projecting stone in 1865, no further detail known.

Refs: Kinnes and Longworth,1985, 37, no.UN34.1.

321

60. Rosedean (Roseden Edge) British Museum Ref: WG2287a Dimensions: Mouth diameter 7.3cms, Height 6.8cms, Base diameter 4.0cms

Fabric and Form A biconical Cup with a flat topped externally expanded rim. The soft carination is close to the base, which is small and flat. The fabric is orange in colour and well fired, externally there is a dark brown and paler ‘burnt ‘area. There are two perforations. A couple of grog inclusions can be seen.

Classification – Type 2

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The interior of the Cup is undecorated, the expanded rim has a number of triple chevrons incised around , each chevron comprising of three incised lines. The motif breaks down a little.

Below the rim there are two incised lines encircling horizontally. This gives way to eight incised triangles, each of which comprises of an infill of three gradually reducing triangles. The carination is has two incised encirling lines and below, on the lower portion the triangle motif is reversed, being pendant. There is one incised encirling line around the base and on the base itself, there are two opposing triangles.

Site, Context and Associations

None known.

Refs: Abercromby,1912, no. 286, Kinnes and Longworth,1985, 138, no. UN 39.2

322

61. Rothbury District Great North Museum Hancock Ref: 1935.32 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 5.5cms, Height 6.0cms, Base diameter 4.0cms irregular.

Fabric and Form

The Cup is a firing waster and it has a large spall on one side of the external surface. The fabric is grey/orange in colour and heavily blackened on the interior but generally the fabric is smooth in texture and sand and grit inclusions can be seen at the break, common >2mm. Voids can be seen but these too are blackened and although the Cup appears bipartite with a contracted mouth, damage and assymetry make classification a little difficult. The rim is inturned, the upper portion is carinated as is the lower portion and the base is small and flat. There are two pairs of perforations set opposite one another.

Classification –Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim top exterior has one oblique twisted cord impressions then one band of horizontal twisted cord encircling, below this there is a band of twisted cord chevrons facing R-L. This is bordered below by an encircling band of horizontal twisted cord set just above the upper carination. Below the upper carination there are three bands of horizontally encircling twisted cord spaced equally apart. The perforations are set at the level of the highest of these three bands. The remainder of the Cup is undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

Museum note reads ‘Cup was found with two cinerary urns, probably found with other Cups now in Alnwick Castle’.

Refs: Newbigin,1935, 32-33.

323

62. South Charlton Alnwick Castle Museum Ref: ACAT: 1040/7/1 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 5.5cms, Height 5.0cms, Base diameter 3.0cms

Fabric and Form

The fabric is orange /pale brown in colour with small limestone inclusions breaking the surface >2mm, common. The Cup is a miniature Yorkshire Vase and has been stored with the associated cremated remains still intact within the Cup. The Cup has a slightly inturned rim bevel, a neck then two carinations before a lower portion that tapers to a small footring base. There are two projecting small lugs which are perforated horizontally. The lugs are not at opposite sides to one another and a third may be missing.

Classification – Type 2

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim bevel has three encircling lines of fine twisted cord, then externally below the rim and covering the whole of the pot there are vertical bands of opposing chevrons giving a herringbone effect, somewhat haphazardly executed using small incised lines. The motif covers the Cup to the base but on the lower portion, the bands are at an oblique angle. There is one band of very fine twisted cord encircling the base and both carinations. Under the base is undecorated.It was not permitted to remove the cremated material therefore an inspection of the interior of the vessel was not possible.

Site, Context and Associations

Unknown.

Refs: Hodgson JC (1917) Archaeologia Aeliana 3rd Series Vol. XIV 125-132

324

63. Unprovenanced – Northumberland Alnwick Castle Museum Ref: ACAT 3 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 8.1cms,Height 7.5cms, Base diameter 4.8cms

Fabric and Form

A pale orange brown fabric with common small limestone inclusions >2mm. The exterior of the Cup is smooth in texture, the interior is rough as the inclusions break the surface. There are voids on the exterior and areas of blackening, internally there are larger voids and at the base internally there are two impressions which may be ‘straight’ fingernail or organics that have burnt out. The form is biconical and the rim is wide and generally flat but also slightly inturned and expanded outwards. There are two large perforations.

Classification –Type 2

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

Undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

None known

Refs: Way,1880,8, pl. X.2.

325

Yorkshire – East

64. Binnington (Puckering) British Museum Ref: BM 1879, 1209.336 Burial 3 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 7.5cms, Height 5.6cms, Base diameter 3.5cms

Fabric and Form

This vessel is a miniature Food Vessel, biconical in form with an inturned rim bevel and a thick carination which has three perforated lugs moulded on. There is some reconstruction where a fourth lug might be. The carination is moulded with large horizontal scoops and dots. The lower portion tapers away to a relatively small base. The fabric is dark brown and has blackened patches externally. There are some sand inclusions >1mm and voids on all surfaces. There are no perforations apart from those in the lugs.

Classification –Type 2

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim bevel has two encircling twisted cord herringbone lines, externally there are herringbone incised lines on the neck area between the rim and carination, then twisted cord horizontal lines above oblique incisions. In the scooped out areas on the carination there is one horizontal twisted cord line, the on the lower portion there are vertical fine twisted cord lines to the base, interrupted by two, possibly three twisted cord encircling lines. The base is undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

No details recorded by Greenwell. From a levelled area at north of the round barrow.

Refs: Greenwell,1877, 179-180, Abercromby,1912, no. 282, Kinnes and Longworth,1985, 43, no 31:2.

326

65. Bishop Burton 262 British Museum Ref: BM 1879, 1209.1630

Littlewood VII, Burial 1 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 4.8 cms, Height 4.2cms, Base diameter 5.2cms

Fabric and Form

This is a biconical Cup with a thin bevelled rim . The fabric is pale brown, fine and has an inclusion of a limestone stone 8mm wide. The fabric is crazed and crackled and is heat damaged. There are three pairs of perforations and these are set on average 30mm apart placed just above the maximum diameter. The base is concave.

Classification –Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

There is one line of fine twisted cord, somewhat abraded, around the rim bevel.Externally at the rim level there is a band of horizontal twisted cord then below a band of fingernail impressions, below this the motif is repeated in the opposite direction forming a herringbone pattern. There is then an undecorated zone which contains the perforations . The motifs from the upper portion are repeated across the widest diameter of the Cup leaving the lower portion undecorated then two encircling lines of twisted cord occur at base level and appear to define the outline of the concave base.

Site, Context and Associations

From a round barrow, on old surface at centre. The Cup was found on the bones of a cremation deposit at the east.

Refs: Greenwell,1890, 36 fig 11, Abercromby,1912, no. 308, Kinnes and Longworth,1985,123, no. 262:1.

327

66. Bridlington Nr. Hull and East Riding Museums Ref: KINCM 1942.667 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 6.4cms, Height 7.5cms, Base diameter 5.3cms

Fabric and Form

The fabric is orange in colour with grog inclusions sparse, >3mm and internally there is one fingernail impression and one round void and a further void on the base. The Cup is a miniature Collared Urn and is covered externally in museum varnish. There is a rough textured blackened area at the base and lower body.

Classification – Type 2

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim top has one band of very fine twisted cord encircling as does the top of the external collar. Below this there are oblique poorly executed twisted cord impressions then another encircling twisted cord line around the bottom of the collar. Below the collar there is a band of vertical whipped cord maggots in short lengths, 6mm being typical. The remainder of the pot is undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

Site and contextual detail unknown. Found within a larger urn (not described, lost?) that contained a cremation of a child.

Refs: Longworth,1984, entry no. 668.

328

67.Calais Wold C70 Hull and East Riding Museums Ref: KINCM 1942.606 Barrow C70 Group VIII Dimensions: Mouth diameter 5.1cms, Height 3.4cms, Base diameter 5.5cm

Fabric and Form The Cup is made from a pale brown fabric which has a slightly roughened texture. There are inclusions of quartz sand and grog >3mm, common. Externally there are small areas of spalling and blackening around the lower portion/base and small areas of the rim are absent (10%). The Cup is biconical in form with an upright rim, a gently rounded carination and a flat base.There are no perforations.

Classification –Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim top is undecorated then the exterior upper portion has one band of incised diamonds bordered top and bottom by a single incised line. The motif stops at the carination and the lower portion is undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

A secondary deposit in the centre of a round barrow, associated with an urn of unknown type broken (not preserved?) which contained the Cup, a cremation deposit and a bronze knife blade.

Refs: Mortimer,1905,169, fig 429.

329

68.Calais Wold 15 Hull and East Riding Museums Ref: KINCM 1942.605 Barrow 15, Group XIII Dimensions: Mouth diameter 4.0cms, Height 4.5cms, Base diameter unmeasurable, whole Cup very distorted, measurements approximate.

Fabric and Form The fabric is dark brown/black in colour and has been subjected to vitrification resulting in a highly distorted Cup. The Cup rim is present and may have originally been bevelled however it is difficult to be certain. There is a pronounced carination now much distorted and a base which appears to have been flat. The Cup has nine perforations around, generally equally spaced approximately 30mm apart.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim decoration is uncertain, the rim exterior has two lines of twisted cord around then below this there are oblique lines and chevrons of twisted cord reaching almost to the carination where they are bordered by two encircling lines of twisted cord which are on the carination.

Site, Context and Associations

A (?) primary deposit in a pit in the centre of a round barrow. Associated with a Cinerary Urn (broken, not preserved) which contained the Cup and a cremation deposit and an irregular disc of flint

Refs: Mortimer,1905,167, fig 421.

330

69. Cottam B British Museum Ref: BM 1983, 0601.3 Dimensions: Rim top and partial body sherd only 2.2cms in depth.

Fabric and Form

Small thick dark brown rim sherd with some Cup body. The rim is rolled inward slightly.

Classification - Sherd

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The external surface is decorated with an incised motif of vertical lines interupted by a horizontal incised line at the rim top level and again 3mm below.

Site, Context and Associations

Recovered from mound material of a square ditched barrow, initially excavated by Greenwell, then re-excavated by Stead and Pacitto in 1969.

Refs: Stead,1979, 19

331

70. Cowlam (VII) British Museum Ref: BM 1879, 1209.546 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 11cms, Height 7.1 cms, Base diameter 6.6 cm

Fabric and Form

The form is splayed wall Cup with a flat upright rim and a flat base. The fabric is pale orange in colour and has some renovation as it is cracked almost in two. The texture of the fabric is smooth where not abraded with small voids and visible chalk inclusions, sparse > 3mm. There are no perforations. Internally there appears to be some white powdery residue.

Classification – Type 4

Decorative techniques and Motifs

Externally there are two haphazard bands of whipped cord maggots, each impression is approximately 10mm long. The first row is 10mm from the rim, then the next is at 30mm.

Site, Context and Associations

From a round barrow containing multiple inhumations and pottery traditions, the associations for this Cup are not clear. It was found inverted above the old surface, 7.2m SW of the centre of the barrow.

Refs: Greenwell,1877, 219, Kinnes and Longworth,1985, 57, no.35.

332

71. Etton (Paulinus IX) British Museum Ref: BM 1879, 1209.1150 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 6.0cms, Height 5.4cms, Base diameter 5.0cms

Fabric and Form

The Cup is made from a yellow/orange fabric which is crumbly with angular stones and sand inclusions and some chalk all >5mm, moderate. The form of the Cup is globular with a rim which is slightly externally everted but much abraded, including a rim top bevel which is also heavily abraded. There are no perforations and on the interior base there are some incision marks in the clay fabric, however these may be modern.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

There is one, possibly the remainder of two lines of encircling twisted cord around the rim bevel,then externally at the rim there is one or ? two lines of encircling twisted cord. Below this, on the Cup body there are six triangles chevrons of twisted cord which reach to just above the base, where they are bordered by another encircling line of twisted cord. The base is undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

In a central hollow within a round barrow, associated with an adult female cremation deposit and a burnt flint flake (not preserved).

Refs: Greenwell,1877, 282, fig. 128, Abercromby,1912, no.313, Kinnes and Longworth,1985, 80, no.76:1.

333

72. Faxfleet Hull and East Riding Museums Ref: KINCM 1968.35 Dimensions: Sherd group only – Largest upper portion sherd 7x 4.5cms, Base diameter estimated at 4.0cms

Fabric and Form

Only six sherds remain of the Cup and the fabric is burnt and blackened on the interior and white and smooth on the exterior. The sherds are laminated and the orange/yellow core of the fabric reveals inclusions of stone and sand >6mm, common. The largest sherd present is a partial upper portion, with no rim remaining. In addition there is a sherd of the base which is circular and flat, with the remaining sherds being undiagnostic.

Classification - Sherd

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The upper portion sherd has an ? incised or twisted cord line encircling then below there is a band of infilled triangles of twisted cord and then on what appears to be a carination, there are two encircling twisted cord lines.

Site, Context and Associations

Museum Note: chance find on the river bank among other Roman pottery sherds.

Refs: None known.

334

73. Garton Slack 40 Hull and East Riding Museums Ref: KINCM 1942.608 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 5.5cms, Height 7-7.3cms uneven, Base diameter 3.2cms, omphalos.

Fabric and Form

The Cup is made from a thick brown smooth fabric which appears to have been treated or smoothed. There is some interior reconstruction and externally there are cracks around the carination and overall there is some assymetry with the form. Quartz sand inclusions are present and are more visible internally >2mm, moderate. The Cup has an upright rim, a gentle carination and a flat base which has an omphalos. There are two pairs of perforations set opposite each other, sitting just above the carination.

Classification –Type 2

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The Cup has eight horizontal bands of perforations which do not penetrate through to the Cup interior, unlike the two pairs of larger perforations

Site, Context and Associations

In a round barrow cemetery in the central pit, a (? disturbed) inhumation . The Cup was found in the mouth of a gracile adult skeleton, jaw displaced. Associations inluded a black flint knife and a small disc of clay with two perforations (lid?), the scapula of a pig, two yellow quartz pebbles,two lumps of yellow ochre and portions of two boars tusks.

Refs: Mortimer,1905, 229, fig 40, Abercromby,1912, fig. 298.

335

Plan of the Cup associated inhumation at Garton Slack barrow No. 40

Taken from Mortimer (1905)

336

74. Garton Slack C41 Hull and East Riding Museums Ref: KINCM 1942.488 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 8.2cms, Height 6.2cms, Base diameter 8.0cms

Fabric and Form

The fabric is pale orange in colour, thick and well fired. There is one limestone inclusion in the base internally >4mm. There is blackening in the base interior and numerous tiny voids. The Cup is heavy with a slightly rounded base, an open profile and a flat topped rim. There are no perforations.

Classification –Type 2

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim top has two bands of stab impressions at an oblique angle. The stab impressions (small stick used to stab and drag?) continue on to the Cup body where there are two bands of vertical stabs, then one band of oblique stabs. Around the middle of the Cup there are two bands of horizontally impressed stabs then below two more of vertically applied stab impressions.

Site, Context and Associations

From a round barrow, a secondary inhumation burial of a female of ‘middle age’ in an oval grave in the centre. Associated with a hybrid Beaker/Food Vessel .

Refs: Mortimer,1905, 259, fig.725, Abercromby,1912,Fig 61.

337

Illustration of the Garton Slack C41 Cup and associated Food Vessel

Plan of the inhumations in barrow C41 showing the Cup associated burial

Taken from Mortimer (1905)

338

75. Garton Slack C62 Hull and East Riding Museums Ref: KINCM 1942.607 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 6.5cms, Height 4.5cms, Base diameter 3.0cms

Fabric and Form

The fabric is yellow brown in colour and blackened on the internal rim area. There are three spalls externally, one measuring 20mm and a number of small voids which give the fabric a porous appearance. Stone inclusions are present internally >2mm, rare. The rim top is abraded but rough and angular, the Cup has splayed sides which taper to a small circular flat base.

Classification –Type 4

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

Undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

From a round barrow inhumation and cremation cemetery, the Cup was associated with a child inhumation , a Food Vessel Vase, and 2 small articles of bone.

Refs: Mortimer,1905, 213.

339

Plan of Garton Slack barrow No. C62 showing Cup associated burial No.1

Taken from Mortimer (1905)

340

Illustration of the Garton Slack C62 Cup and associated Food Vessel.

341

76. Garton Slack C67 Hull and East Riding Museums Ref: KINCM 1942.487 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 8.0cms, Height 7.5cms, Base diameter 6.0cms

Fabric and Form

The Cup fabric is orange in colour with large blackened sherds which have been reconstructed badly.The remaining original fabric is smooth in texture with an angular grog inclusion on the lower external surface. The profile is an open Cup with slightly splayed sides, a bevelled rim and a flat base.

Classification –Type 4

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim bevel has two encircling lines of twisted cord with one band of dots in between. On the rim exterior there are dots or short stabs in a band then on onecentral area of the body there are two roughly horizontal bands of whipped cord maggots.

Site, Context and Associations

In a round barrow inhumation cemetery. The Cup was associated with an adult ‘probably female’ inhumation, and a Food Vase (not preserved?).

Refs: Mortimer,1905, 243 fig 611.

342

77.Goodmanham II British Museum Ref: BM 1879,1209.1197 Barrow XCVIII Cup Dimensions: Mouth diameter 5.0cms, Height 5.6cms, Base diameter 8.5cms Lid dimensions: Diameter 5.5cms, Height 2.0 cms

Fabric and Form

The Cup is 75% reconstructed but is made of a pale orange fabric that has a smooth texture with one piece of grog visible >5mm. Chalk inclusions can also be seen leaching out into the fabric and there are black patches present. The Cup form has slightly splayed sides with a contracted mouth and inturned rim. The lid is round and the upper surface is conical, with minor reconstruction.

Classification –Type 2

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The Cup has one row of dogtooth (birdbone?) impressions encircling around the upper portion and immediately below this motif there is a band of finely plaited cord impression encircling around. Below the carination there are three lines of finely plaited or twisted cord encircling around the Cup then below a repeat of the triangular dogtooth motif but in the opposite direction to that on the upper portion.

343

There is then an undecorated zone before two bands of dogtooth impressions ‘back to back’, then below, two bands of plaited or twisted cord encircling then finally near the base angle there is a repeat of the plaited or twisted cord in three bands around the bottom of the Cup.

The lid has two closely set bands of twisted or plaited cord around the edge, then a band of dogtooth or small triangular impressions which point inward to the middle, this motif is then repeated in band closer to the middle of the lid.

Site, Context and Associations

From a round barrow in a central oval grave, associated with an adult female cremation deposit.

Refs: Greenwell,1877, 305. fig.132, Kinnes and Longworth,1985, entry no. 98:1.

344

78. Goodmanham Enthorpe II British Museum Ref: BM 1879, 1209.1159 LXXXIV (Lund?) Dimensions: Mouth diameter 4.6cm, rim outer edge to outer edge 6.4cms, Height 3.1cms, Base diameter 6.2cms

Fabric and Form This Cup is a chunky straight sided vessel with a wide slightly inturned rim, somewhat abraded and a flat base. There are some voids in the interior base. The fabric is yellow and soft with stone, sand and chalk inclusions >4mm, rare, and there are no perforations.

Classification –Type 5

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim top is decorated with either fingernail or twisted cord lines set at an oblique angle, the decoration is too abraded to be sure of the exact technique. The remainder of the Cup is undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

A round barrow cremation cemetery, the Cup was associated with a Collared Urn on its side above the Cup, and one piece of bone amongst burnt earth and charcoal.

Refs: Greenwell,1877, 288-90, Abercromby,1912, no. 105c, Longworth,1984, entry no. 693, Kinnes and Longworth,1985, 81, no. 84:2.

345

Illustration of the Goodmanham Enthorpe Cup and associated Collared Urn.

346

79. Goodmanham Enthorpe IX British Museum Ref: BM 1879,1209.1170 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 6.3cms, Height 3.8cms, Base diameter 4.6cms

Fabric and Form

This small Cup has thick, slightly splayed sides, a rounded upright rim and a flat base. The fabric is brown with some limestone inclusions >3mm,rare. There are small voids on both internal and external surfaces. There are no perforations.

Classification –Type 4

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The Cup is undecorated internally; the rim has two abraded encircling fine twisted cord lines around the rim top. Externally the Cup is decorated with panels of twisted cord, sometimes diagonal, sometimes vertical. There are a maximum of 7 twisted cord lines in the motif. This Cup bears a passing resemblance to Grooved Ware in its form. The base is undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

A round barrow inhumation and cremation cemetery, the Cup is associated with an adult cremation deposit and a piece of calcined flint.

Refs: Greenwell,1877, 294,fig.131, Abercromby,1912, fig. 106d, Kinnes and Longworth,1985, 82, entry no. 89:1.

347

80.Goodmanham Enthorpe IX British Museum Ref: BM 1879, 1209.1171 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 7.0 cms distorted, Height 6.0cms, Base diameter 5.4cm

Fabric and Form

This is a biconical Cup with a fairly sharp carination. The rim is slightly inturned and there is a flat base. The fabric is dark brown and very cracked, with a large crack internally around the base. Stone and sand appear as inclusions, >6mm, rare. One perforation goes through the lower outer area of the rim and penetrates the rim bevel at an oblique angle.

Classification –Type 2

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim bevel has three encircling lines of twisted cord around it; the external rim area has three lines of encircling twisted cord around then below this there are ten twisted cord triangles. Below on the carination there are four encircling lines of twisted cord then the lower portion has nine triangles around. The base angle has three more lines of twisted cord encircling slightly above an undecorated base.

Site, Context and Associations

A round barrow inhumation and cremation cemetery. The Cup is associated with an adult cremation deposit.

Refs: Greenwell ,1877, fig 62, Abercromby,1912, fig.106c, Kinnes and Longworth, 1985, 82, entry no 89:3.

348

81. Goodmanham Enthorpe IX British Museum Ref: BM 1879,1209.1169 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 6.8cms, Height 5.5cms, Base diameter 5.5cms

Fabric and Form

This is a slightly globular shaped Cup in a dark brown well fired fabric with some reconstruction (45%). There is an inturned rim bevel, a very slight carination and a flat base. The fabric has some chalk inclusions but these are rare >1mm.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim bevel has one band of small dots which look like they may have been made using either a tiny bone or grass stalk. Externally there are three lines of encircling incised horizontal lines below the rim, then, there are triangles filled with oblique incised lines which alternate L-R in one triangle then R-L in the next triangle. These cover the upper portion to a depth of 30mm and each triangle base is typically 45mm.Just below the widest diameter there are three more incised encircling lines then below this, the Cup is undecorated, including the base.

Site, Context and Associations

A round barrow inhumation and cremation cemetery, the Cup is associated with an adult (?) female cremation deposit possibly burnt in situ in a hollow cut into the core of the barrow.

Refs: Greenwell,1877, 294-300, Abercromby,1912, no.106b, Kinnes and Longworth,1985, no.89:2.

349

82. Goodmanham Jarrett VI British Museum Ref: BM 1879, 1209.1208 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 2.5cms, Height 2.5cms, Base diameter 2.0cms

Fabric and Form

This is a very small crudely made pot, made by slipping the wet clay over an adult finger to mould it. There appears to be have been an attempt made to create a carination. The fabric is orange and smooth with a small spall and one void that looks like burnt out organic matter.

Classification –Type 1

Decorative Technique and Motifs

Under lamplight there is a slight impression of fingernail softly pressed around the carinated area for approximately three impressions.

Site, Context and Associations

Within a round barrow, Cup associated with infant bones in a mound material.

Refs: Greenwell,1877,317, fig 135, Abercromby,1912, fig 135, Kinnes and Longworth,1985, 86, no.107:2.

350

83.Goodmanham Paulinus II British Museum Ref: BM 1879,1209.1210 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 9.0cms, Height 5.8cms, Base diameter 5.0cms

Fabric and Form

Pale brown well fired fabric with some restoration forming a 7 ring or coil built conical Cup with a rounded upright rim and small flat base. Each carination is approximately 5mm in depth. The fabric is smooth and has sand and quartz inclusions >1mm, rare. There is a hint of blackening in the interior.

Classification –Type 3

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The pot is decorated externally with tiny stabs in an L-R direction all over apart from a small area near the base where it is in the opposite direction. This seems to be more of a design breakdown than an attempt to create a herringbone motif.

Site, Context and Associations

From a round barrow inhumation cemetery, Cup associated with a crouched child inhumation on old ground surface.

Refs: Greenwell,1877, 319-20, Abercromby,1912, no.55, Kinnes and Longworth, 1985, 86, no.111:1 (burial 3).

351

84. Goodmanham Wold I British Museum Ref: BM 1879, 1209.1987 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 4.7cms, Height 4.8cms, Base diameter 4.0cms

Fabric and Form This is a small biconical Cup made in a smooth grey fabric which has been stained pale brown probably due to depositional conditions. The Cup has a slight carination and the fabric has a high percentage of chalk inclusions, common, and there are a number of voids. Internally on the base there is a large void which is the origin of a large crack . There seems to be an attempt at a single perforation on the rim edge and although the perforation penetrates through to the inside of the vessel it is wider and mishapen on the inside suggesting it could also be a void.There is no displaced clay on the inside surface.

The rim is rolled inward but otherwise plain, the base is flat. There is some possible blackening on one area of the outer surface.

Classification –Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

Undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

From a round barrow containing a cremation deposit placed in a pit.

Refs: Kinnes and Longworth, 1985,144, UN 93:1.

352

85. Huggate Blanch Hull and East Riding Museums Ref: KINCM 1942.610 Barrow C94 Group XV Dimensions: Mouth diameter 7.9cms, Height 4.8-5.0cms varies, Base diameter 4.1cms

Fabric and Form The fabric is orange in colour with a soft smooth chalky texture with a white patch present externally. Grog inclusions are sparse, with one inclusion on the exterior measuring 6mm and one external void measuring 5mm. The profile is a splayed wall Cup, slightly assymetrical with a flat topped rim and a flat base. There are no perforations.

Classification –Type 4

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim top may have random dots or these may be voids. The external surface is covered with random dots.

Site, Context and Associations

In a round barrow within a primary pit in the centre of the mound. Cup associated with a Collared Urn,and a cremation deposit of an adult female and child .

Refs: Mortimer,1905, 324, Longworth ,1984, entry no. 708.

353

Illustration of the Huggate Blanch Cup and associated Collared Urn.

Cup shown at a scale of 1:2, Collared Urn 1:4.

354

86. Huggate Wold (250) Hull and East Riding Museums Ref: KINCM 1942.609 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 5.2cms, Height 4.5cms, Base diameter 4.0cms

Fabric and Form

The fabric is thick and heavy, cracked, spalled and blackened and there is some reconstruction present. Inclusions of quartz sand, stone and grog can be seen >3mm, moderate. The Cup is a miniature Food Vessel and has a heavy rim forming a small collar and two carinations. The rim has an internal bevel and there are no perforations.

Classification –Type 2

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

There are (?) twisted cord lines around the rim bevel, externally the rim has one band of oblique stabs or abraded whipped cord, then each carination is decorated with oblique stabs. Below the lower carination is one row of herringbone twisted cord then at the base angle, one band of vertical whipped cord.

Site, Context, Associations

From a round barrow, a secondary deposit, no associations.

Refs: Mortimer,1905, 316, fig 940.

355

87. Hutton Cranswick York Museum Ref: YORYM: 1947.1064 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 3.5cms, Height 4.3cms, Base diameter 3.0cms

Fabric and Form

The Cup is made from a very smooth pale orange fabric that has the texture of plaster and this may be because it appears to have a high percentage of chalk within the clay matrix. The Cup is approximately 50% reconstructed. Grey/white residue can be seen adhering to the external surface in patches and there are some small subcircular voids on the exterior. Internally there are small blackened inclusions that have the appearance of charcoal. There are no perforations and the rim is softly rounded as is the widest diameter. The base is small and flat.

Classification –Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

Undecorated

Site, Context and Associations

From a (?) round barrow, associations include a Collared Urn, another Cup (lost) and a perforated wolf’s tooth (lost).

Refs: Abercromby,1912, fig.142, Longworth,1984, entry no. 713.

356

Illustration of the Hutton Cranswick Cup and associated Collared Urn.

Cup shown at a scale of 1:2, Collared Urn 1:4.

357

88. North Newbald British Museum Ref: BM 1883, 0401.7 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 5.0cms, Height 3.8cms, Base diameter 8.5cms Mound No.2

Fabric and Form

A biconical Cup, slightly assymetrical with contracted mouth, well fired and decorated. The fabric is orange in colour and has chalk inclusions >2mm, moderate. Externally there is a blackened area and on the opposite external surface there is a cream patch which extends to the base. A number of small voids can be seen both internally and externally. There are five perforations, all evenly spaced apart from one (all 40mm apart from one at 90mm).

Classification –Type 3

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The upper mouth surface has two twisted cord encircling lines around then just below the shoulder, there are two more lines of encircling twisted cord which provide the upper border to twisted cord triangles. There are two more twisted cord encircling lines around the base angle and the base itself is undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

From a round barrow, two Cups (88 and 89, below) were found associated with a cremation deposit.

Refs: Thomas,1878, 321-325.

358

89. North Newbald British Museum Ref: BM 1883, 0401.8 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 6.2cms, Height 2.5cms, Base diameter 7.8cms Mound No.2

Fabric and Form

A straight sided, flat based Cup with catastrophic firing damage evidenced as a large spall on the outer body and also on the base. The fabric is orange brown with blackened patches. There are two perforations under the base to the interior base angle.Chalk inclusions >1mm, rare.

Classification –Type 5

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim top has oblique fingernail impressions in a band around, which change direction. Below the rim there is one incised line horizontally encircling, then below this, there are triangles with oblique incised lines infilling. The motif is bordered at the base with one more incised horizontal encircling line.

Site, Context and Associations

From a round barrow, two Cups (88 and 89, see above entry) were found associated with a cremation deposit.

Refs: Thomas,1878, 321-325.

359

Yorkshire - North

90. Acklam Wold Hull and East Riding Museums Ref: KINCM 1942.604 Barrow 202 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 6.0cms, Height 4.0cms, Base diameter 5.0cms

Fabric and Form A heavy dark orange brown fabric with sand, stone and grog inclusions >3mm, moderate. The Cup has some reconstruction and a 5mm void on the base interior. Externally there is blackening at the base and an area directly above that is heat affected and appears porous.The Cup has a flat topped rim, splayed sides and a flat base and there are no perforations. The Cup is slightly assymeterical.

Classification –Type 4

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim top has one band of thick twisted cord encircling, the external surface has four bands of vertically applied fingernail impressions, underneath the base is undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

From a round barrow containing an adult cremation deposit, Cup and Collared Urn found slightly inverted over the cremation material.

Refs: Mortimer,1905, 85, fig.194, Longworth,1984, entry no.1072.

360

91.Acklam Wold Hull and East Riding Museum Ref: KINCM 1942.420 Barrow 205 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 7.5cms, Height 7.5cms, Base diameter 5.2cms

Fabric and Form

The fabric is orange yellow in colour and is well fired with small grog and stone inclusions sparse >3mm. There is one crack in the external surface from rim to base and black and grey patches on the base interior, external base angle and a ‘seam’of black running through the maximum diameter.The fabric appears to have organics within it. The rim top is bevelled, and the globular Cup form is slightly assymetrical and tapers to a circular flat base.There are four lugs at the maximum diameter, each perforated with one tiny hole.

Classification –Type 2

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim bevel has four twisted cord lines encircling.The external rim/neck has five twisted cord lines encircling then below there are large triangles infilled with numerous fine twisted cord lines which have the overall effect of basketwork.There are three twisted cord lines encircling the base.

Site, Context and Associations

In a round barrow inhumation cemetery. The Cup is associated with an inhumation and a small black flint knife

Refs: Mortimer,1905, 87, fig.201.

361

Plan of Acklam Wold barrow No.205 showing Cup associated inhumation No.2

Taken from Mortimer (1905)

362

92. Acklam Wold Hull and East Riding Museums Ref: KINCM 1942.418 Barrow 123 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 9.0cms, Height 7.8cms, Base diameter 5.2cms

Fabric and Form

The fabric is rough textured and orange in colour with grog, sand and stone inclusions >5mm, moderate. There is some reconstruction and externally the Cup is blackened, heat affected and cracked with burnt out voids and inclusions towards the lower parts of the pot. It is a Cup with splayed sides, an upright rim and a flat base and overall assymetery. There are no perforations.

Classification –Type 4

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

Undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

A round barrow containing an oval grave with the crouched inhumation of an adult male, 4 jet buttons, and one barbed and tanged arrowhead.

Refs: Mortimer,1905, 85, fig.186.

363

93. Aldro Hull and East Riding Museums Ref: KINCM 1942.601 Barrow C79 - Birdsall Dimensions: Mouth diameter 5.4cms, Height 4.4 cms varying, Base diameter 4.0cms

Fabric and Form

The fabric is thick, cracked and orange in colour and is approximately 35% reconstructed with sand, grit and grog inclusions >4mm, sparse. The rounded Cup form is assymetrical with an inturned rim and flat circular base. There are no perforations.

Classification –Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

There is possibly one band of pinpricks around the rim top however it is difficult to be certain. Externally the Cup has oblique bands of pinpricks or toothed comb impressions forming one band of chevrons.

Site, Context and Associations

From a round barrow in association with a Collared Urn and a heap of cremated bones, secondary to a child cremation deposit.

Refs: Mortimer,1905, 75, fig.163, Longworth,1984, entry 1086.

364

Illustration of the Aldro Cup and associated Collared Urn.

365

94. Aldro Hull and East Riding Museums Ref: KINCM 1942.602 Barrow 113 - Birdsall Dimensions: Mouth diameter 4.5cms, Height 4.3cms, Base diameter 4.0cms

Fabric and Form

This vessel is a slightly globular open Cup made from a deep orange fabric which has some small spalled and heat damaged areas externally with blackening. Grog inclusions can be seen > 3mm, sparse, and there are angular voids that suggest burnt out organics such as grasses.The Cup has an upright rim, convex sides and a flat base and some reconstruction (15%). There are no perforations.

Classification – Type 4

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

There is one small band of four ? fingernail impressions on the external surface.

Site, Context and Associations

In a round barrow cremation cemetery, the Cup is associated with a secondary cremation deposit and a bronze pricker (awl).

Refs: Mortimer,1905, 76, fig.166.

366

95. Aldro Hull and East Riding Museums Ref: KINCM 1942.600 Barrow C74, Birdsall Dimensions:Mouth diameter 5.8cms varying, Height 4.6cms, Base diameter 6.2cms

Fabric and Form

The fabric is yellow brown in colour and has a rough sandy texture. Both surfaces have areas of blackening and white patches. Quartz sand inclusions are present >3mm, sparse. The Cup form is biconical with a flat topped but assymetric upright rim, and a soft carination. There are no perforations.

Classification –Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim top is undecorated, the rim exterior has two lines of twisted cord encircling then below there is a band of double triangles. This is stopped above the carination which has two more twisted cord lines encircling then the motifs are repeated to the base.

Site, Context and Associations

A round barrow containing a cremation deposit, and an oak ‘trough formed receptacle and lid , two bone pins and three burnt flint chips.

Refs: Mortimer,1905, 75, fig 161.

367

96. Allerston Warren Sheffield Museum Ref: J93.887 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 4.8cms, Height 5.0cms, Base diameter 5.0cms

Fabric and Form

The fabric is pale orange in colour with limestone inclusions, >5mm, common, breaking the external surface and giving a roughened texture. Some irregular voids (5mm as an example) are present externally. The fabric is thin and cracked at the base and there is a grey area externally. The rim is upright, slightly outturned, the profile is a rounded Cup with a base with a small footring and small omphalos. There are no perforations.

Classification –Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

Undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

Found in a round barrow and appears to be the primary deposit in a pit sunk into the natural surface. The Cup is associated with a Collared Urn inverted over a cremation deposit.

Refs: Bateman,1861, 233-4, Howarth,1899,101, Abercromby,1912, fig 137a, Elgee,1930, 84, Longworth,1984, entry no.1078.

368

Illustration of the Allerston Warren Cup and associated Collared Urn. Cup shown at a scale of 1:2, Collared Urn 1:4

369

97. Allerston Warren Sheffield Museum Ref: J93.896 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 4.6cms, Height 3.8cms, Base diameter rounded and unmeasureable.

Fabric and Form

The fabric is orange in colour with grey and white patches in places, slightly porous in texture with black grainy textured inclusions (limestone) at the base both internally and externally >2mm, moderate. The Cup is biconical, very low and squat with a smooth rounded rim and carination and a base too rounded to measure. There are no perforations.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The Cup is undecorated but has been smoothed on the external surface.

Site, Context and Associations

In a round barrow, a large flat stone on the natural surface covering a cremation deposit and the Cup.

Refs: Bateman,1861, 236, Abercromby,1912, fig 293.

370

98. Ampleforth York Museum Ref: YORYM: 1947.1061 Site also known as Sproxton, Proctor No.2 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 5.8cms, Height 4.2cms, Base diameter 5.8cms

Fabric and Form

The Cup is made from a beige coloured smooth fabric which has white patches externally. There are inclusions of sand, stones and grog >3mm, moderate, evident as the Cup is broken in two and has had unsatisfactory reconstruction. The form is an open Cup and there are two very soft carinations equally spaced below a flat wide rim top. There are no perforations.

Classification – Type 2

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

Undecorated

Site, Context and Associations

In a round barrow cremation cemetery, the associations are unclear.

Refs: Smith,1994, 97.

371

99. Ampleforth York Museum Ref: YORYM: 1947.1062 Site also known as Sproxton, Proctor No.2 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 5.5cms, Height 5.3cms, Base diameter 4.0cms

Fabric and Form

The fabric is orange brown in colour and has copious small stones and gravel inclusions >2mm abundant, making the surface texture rough. The rim exterior and base angle are blackened. The form is bowl shaped with a slightly contracted mouth and there are two perforated lugs on either side of the vessel which are large enough to be almost considered handles. The base is slightly rounded and there are no perforations other than those through the lugs.

Classification – Type 5

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

Undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

In a round barrow cremation cemetery.The associations are unclear.

Refs: Smith,1994, 97.

372

100. Ampleforth (Barrow 3) York Museum Ref: YORYM: 1973.84 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 4.5cms, Height 5.0cms, Base diameter –rounded, unmeasurable

Fabric and Form

The fabric is orange/yellow in colour and has a smooth chalky texture. There are some cracks internally and a fingernail impression can be seen on the interior surface. The form is biconical and the rim is rounded and a little abraded, the base is also rounded and cracked.The carination is assymetrical. Chalk can be seen leaching out of the fabric and there is some blackening on the base. There are no perforations.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The decoration of this Cup is haphazard but comprises of an undecorated rim top, then an incised line around the rim exterior, below this there are incised triangles filled with incised lines that go in the oppsite direction to the neighbour triangle. This motif reaches down to the carination where it is bordered by another encircling incised line.The remainder of the Cup is undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

From a round barrow inhumation and cremation cemetery, in the plough soil. The Cup is associated with a Collared Urn (sherds, not seen) and a little burnt bone.

Refs: Smith,1994,100.

373

101. Ampleforth York Museum Ref: YORYM: 1973.85 Barrow 4 no. 2, also known as Oswaldkirk Dimensions: Mouth diameter 7.8cms, Height 7.2cms, Base diameter 4.4cms

Fabric and Form

This Cup is a miniature Food Vessel and the fabric is pale yellow with some rounded voids both internally and externally. The external surface is blackened in patches up to the rim in some areas and has a smooth sandy texture. Grog, limestone and sand inclusions occur, common>2mm. The external surface was also found to be covered with faint horizontally encircling striations or scratches. These were not decorative but may have been caused by contact with something organic during the prefiring phase.

The rim bevel is wide and flat but partially abraded, the shoulder is gentle then the body tapers to a small flat base.The base appears to have an unintentional imprint which is a curved line impression about 20mm long.

Classification – Type 2

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim bevel has three lines of encirlcing twisted cord, the motif is repeated on the rim exterior then the remainder of the pot is undecorated

Site, Context and Associations

From a round barrow inhumation and cremation cemetery. The Cup was found in the plough levels associated with sherds of a ‘Cinerary Urn’ and traces of charcoal.

374

Refs: Wilmott,1938, 318-9, Smith,1994, 102.

375

102. Aysgill Crake Close York Museum Ref: YORYM: 1953.11 On loan to the Dales Countryside Museum Dimensions: Mouth diameter 6.2cms, Height 4.8cms, Base diameter 4.5cms

Fabric and Form The fabric is hard and smooth and mid brown in colour with areas of heat damage evidenced by a blackened base externally and two large spalls on the upper and lower portion. The Cup is cracked vertically but has been glued to preserve the form. Inclusions of limestone are present >2mm,sparse, but do not break the surface. There are two sets of perforations just below the carination and these have been made from the outer surface inwards as displaced clay can be seen. The two pairs are set roughly opposite each other. The Cup is biconical with a low carination and a rounded upright rim.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

There are 3 horizontally incised lines around the external rim area, then six incised lines around the carination, 3 just above, 3 just below then the motif is repeated at the base. The perforations have been added after the decoration as they interupt the incised lines around the carination.

Site, Context and Associations

Possibly from a stone lined cist in a barrow located close to a waterfall. Found inside a larger vessel, now lost, with a small amount of cremated bone and some ? ironstone sliced pebbles.

Refs: A personal letter from G Webster to G Wilmott (19/9/53), (unseen).

376

103. Bickley York Museum Ref: YORYM: 1947.1054

Dimensions: Mouth diameter 5.0cms-6.5cms distorted, Height 4.5cms, Base diameter 2.5cms approximate

Fabric and Form

The fabric is orange yellow and has a rough texture due to inclusions of sand and stone >2mm, moderate. The Cup form is distorted by having opposite sides squashed together but it can be described as a simple bowl shape with an upright rim and round base.

Classification – Type 5

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The interior has two encircling lines of twisted cord around the upper surface, then the rim top has 1 encircling line of twisted cord around. Externally there are vertical and sometimes oblique lines of twisted cord evenly spaced around the Cup which all continue to the base. The base is undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

None known

Refs: None known

377

104. Bickley York Museum Ref: YORYM: 1947.1055 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 5.8cms, Height 4.0cms, Base diameter 5.5cms

Fabric and Form

The fabric is a pale orange colour with a smooth texture where it is undecorated. There is some reconstruction on the interior surface.The rim is abraded and some cracking is evident. One external area is has a grey patch and the base is very pale with some burnt inclusions visible among the sand, stone and chalk inclusions >2mm, moderate. There are no perforations. The profile is an open Cup with an upright rim (small rim sherd missing) , slightly convex sides and a flat base.

Classification – Type 5

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The interior, the base and rim top is undecorated. Externally the Cup has lines of twisted cord in opposing short herringbone panels. Each panel is sperated from its neighbour by one line of vertical twisted cord though overall the motifs can be a little indistinct in places.

Site, Context and Associations

None known

Refs: None known

378

105. Brompton British Museum Ref: BM 1879, 1209.1312 Burial 4 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 9.0cms, Height 8.5cms, Base diameter 6.0cms

Fabric and Form

The vessel is made from an orange fabric with a high percentage of grog, stone and limestone inclusions >4mm, common, and is biconical in form with an upright rim and two lugs which are perforated vertically. There is a small spall to the base angle, diameter approximately 20mm and there are areas of blackening externally.

Classification – Type 2

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

Undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

A round kerbed cairn cremation cemetery, the Cup was associated with one Collared Urn (sherds) containing a cremation deposit and the Cup, inverted and used as a cover.

Refs: Greenwell ,1877,fig.147, Abercromby,1912,fig.486, Kinnes and ,1985 94,entry no.154:4

379

106. Broxa (B4) York Museum Ref: YORYM: 2012.744.4.4 Dimensions; Mouth diameter 3.4cms, Height 3.8cms, Base diameter 6.8cms

Fabric and Form

The fabric is grey brown in colour with a smooth texture. It is a thick well fired Cup with a grog inclusion visible in a break at the base >3mm. The Cup is conical tapering to a rounded rim which is everted slightly outwards. The base has a protruding or flanged foot. Underneath the base it is convex. The Cup has two very soft carinations however there are no perforations present.

Classification- Type 3

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

Undecorated

Site, Context and Associations

The Cup was an intrusive deposit in a flat topped cairn covering a central grave containing Beaker and Food Vessel associated cremation deposits.

Refs: Smith,1994,148 .

380

107. Cawthorn Milners Hill Top York Museum Ref: YORYM: 1947.1030 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 8.0cms, Height 7.8cms, Base diameter 5.0cms

Fabric and Form

The fabric is brown in colour and has a smooth texture. Chalk inclusions can be seen in the base >1mm, moderate. The Cup is a Miniature Food Vessel and has a rim top bevel, neck zone then a carination with a flat base. There is some reconstruction to the pot. The rim edge and maximum diameter of the carination are the same.

Classification – Type 4

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim bevel has two incised lines encircling around it, then externally the neck zone has one incised line encircling horizontally below which there is one band of impressed dots (birdbone?). Below the carination the pot is rusticated with either soft whipped cord or fingernail.

Site, Context and Associations

None known.

Refs: None known.

381

108.Cawthorn Stackyard York Museum Ref : YORYM: 1947.1170 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 5.5cms, Height 6.3cms, Base diameter 2.8cms

Fabric and Form

A thick well fired, well made Cup with a smooth fabric texture. The fabric colour is orange brown with dark red and black patches externally. There are a number of small voids on both surfaces. The Cup is a biconical form with a slightly contracted mouth and tapering narrow base and one pair of perforations set below the carination. The Cup is slightly assymetrical.

Classification – Type 2

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The decoration on the Cup is light and finely impressed making it difficult to see but appears to comprise of incised infilled triangles below the rim exterior which are bordered by horizontal incised lines. The incised lines repeat slightly above and below the carination, then below there is an undecorated zone until the incised lines repeat on the lower portion just above the base angle. The rim may be decorated with soft, fine fingernail or incised vertical lines.

Site, Context and Associations

None known

Refs: None known.

382

109. Danby Stone Rook Hill British Museum Ref: BM 1876, 0410.37 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 6.0cms, Height 6.4cms, Base diameter 5.1cms

Fabric and Form A slightly globular upright pot, crudely made using a pale orange thick fabric with sand and some rare chalk inclusions >1mm. The rim has a bevel rolled outward and there is some assymetry in the overall Cup profile. There are no perforations.

Classification – Type 2

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

Undecorated apart from seven incised lines on the base which may be modern.

Site, Context and Associations

In a round cairn which contained a circle of stones surrounding one Collared Urn upright, a cremation deposit and two Cups (109 and110).

Refs: Elgee,1930, 95, Longworth,1984, entry no.1122.

383

Illustration of the Danby Stone Rook Hill Cups and associated Collared Urn. Cups shown at 1:2, Collared Urn at 1:4.

384

110. Danby Stone Rook Hill British Museum Ref: BM 1876, 0410.38

Dimensions: Mouth diameter 4.5cms, Height 4.5cms, Base diameter 7.0cms

Fabric and Form

This Cup is made from a thick orange coloured fabric which is severely cracked and crazed at the base and has firing spalls externally. Grog inclusions can be seen >6mm,rare. The Cup has straight sides and an upright but abraded rim. There is some reconstruction to the Cup which is unperforated.

Classification – Type 5

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim interior has twisted cord impressions set at an oblique angle to the rim interior and around it, externally the Cup has oblique and vertical twisted cord lines around, which are bordered at the base by one encircling twisted cord horizontal line.

Site, Context and Associations

In a round cairn which contained a circle of stones surrounding one Collared Urn upright, a cremation deposit and two Cups (109 and110).

Refs: Elgee,1930, 95, Longworth,1984, entry no.1122.

385

111. Dalby Warren York Museum Ref: YORYM: 1947.1059 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 5.4cms, Height 5.0cms, Base diameter 6.0cms

Fabric and Form

The Cup is made from a thick smooth orange coloured fabric which has one chalk inclusion on the base > 2mm. On one side there are grey/orange patches and a sherd close to the rim is cracking and ready to break off. Internally there is one angular void. The Cup has a rounded but abraded rim which is also irregular in diameter The mouth and base diameter are almost equal. The base is wide and flat.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The decoration on this Cup is very poorly executed with the patterns breaking down. The rim is undecorated then externally the Cup is divided unequally by four incised encircling horizontal lines. Above the uppermost line there is a very poorly executed motif of joining pendant and upright triangles which form a diamond pattern running around the Cup. In between line one and two there are upright triangles around the Cup. Line two encircles the widest diameter of the Cup then between line two and three there is an undecorated zone and between line three and four there are vertical lines in groups of four. All decoration is incised.

The base is decorated with a combination of incised cross hatching, straight lines and triangles infilled by smaller triangles.

Site, Context and Associations

None known

Refs: None known

386

112. Dalby Warren York Museum Ref: YORYM 1947.1051 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 4.5 cms estimated, Height 4.6cms, Base diameter 5.5 cms estimated.

Fabric and Form

The Cup is in poor condition and has a large portion absent. It is made from an orange coloured slightly porous fabric which has a sandy texture and is crumbling when handled. Large cracks are evident around the widest diameter and down to the base. Two other small sherds are present, having broken away recently. Although this Cup may have has suffered catastrophic firing damage, the only sign is some crazing on one area of the base. The fabric core can be seen and it is black in the centre, some sand and small stones can be seen as inclusions > 2mm, common. The Cup has a rim bevel, a soft rounded carination, then a wide flat base.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

There are two encircling lines of twisted cord around the rim bevel which repeat around the rim exterior. Below this there are three rows of dots or pinpricks slightly unequally spaced below one another. There is one or possibly more encircling twisted cord lines around the widest diameter, then on the lower portion there are alternating panels of vertical and horizontal twisted cord lines, comprising five vertical then eight horizontal lines. There are two more encircling twisted cord lines around the base of the Cup. The base is undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

None known

Refs: None known

387

113. Danby Rigg Whitby Pannett Park Museum Ref: WHITM: ARC1121 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 4.4cms, Height 3.0cms, Base diameter 9 x 8 cms, irregular.

Fabric and Form

The Cup is 75% reconstructed but the original fabric that remains is yellow brown in colour with limestone inclusions, rare. The Cup has a contracted mouth with three rounded carinations or coils however it is distorted as it has been squashed downwards from above flattening the profile. The base is wide and flat and there are no perforations.

Classification - Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The Cup has ? 3 twisted cord encircling lines equally seperated.

Site, Context and Associations

In a kerbed cairn containing a cremation cemetery. The Cup held burnt flint chips and a sherd of another vessel (type unknown) and cremated bone in the surrounding soil.

Refs: Smith,1994, 68.

388

114. Far Fields, Lockton York Museum Ref: YORYM: 1947.1060 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 6.5cms, Height 4.0cms, Base diameter 1.5cms omphalos.

Fabric and Form

The Cup is constructed from an orange coloured fabric which is badly crazed and abraded. There is some unsatisfactory reconstruction and there are 2 small sherds broken off, but present. There are areas of blackening on the rim bevel and external surface. The interior surface is also spalled with some reconstruction. The Cup has a base omphalos and one pair of perforations near the rim top, and possibly one on the carination.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim bevel has two incised, possibly twisted cord lines encircling, then the external rim has two incised/twisted cord lines encircling. The upper portion is decorated with infilled incised triangles, each triangle having five or six lines. This motif is bordered on the carination by two lines of twisted cord encircling. The remainder of the Cup is undecorated

Site, Context and Associations

None known.

Refs: None known

389

115. Far Fields, Lockton York Museum Ref: YORYM: 1947.1052 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 8.5 x 4.5 cms, oval, Height 4.2cms, Base diameter 8.5 x 10.5cms

Fabric And Form The fabric of this Cup is in very poor condition, badly crumbled and cracked. The reconstruction of part of the base has failed also. Grog, sand and stone are visible >3mm, sparse. The colour is pale brown and the fabric has a rough sandy texture. The ovoid form of the Cup can be verified as the rim and base forms match and the sides of the Cup are straight, not splayed. This Cup has not been distorted and has been built as an oval shape. The rim is generally upright with a slight bevel and the base is flat.

Classification – Type 3

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim bevel has two encircling lines of twisted cord around, this is then repeated on the rim exterior. Below the horizontal twisted cord lines, three twisted cord lines together have been used to form opposing triangles so the overall pattern forms diamonds running horizontally around the Cup.Two more twisted cord horizontal lines encircle the base of the Cup. The motifs are fairly haphazard.

Site, Context and Associations

No associations known

Refs: None known

390

116. Folkton British Museum Ref: BM 1893, 1228-7 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 6.8cms approximate, Height 6.5cms, Base diameter 3.8cms

Fabric and Form

This is a splayed wall Cup with a simple upright rim. The fabric is dark brown with some blackened patches inside and out. There is approximately 20% of the pot missing. There is blackening internally particularly around the missing sherd. There are no perforations.

Classification – Type 4

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

Undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

Under a plough reduced round barrow cremation cemetery, associated with an infant cremation deposit on the old ground surface.

Refs: Kinnes and Longworth,1985, 115, 244: 2.

391

117. Fylingdales British Museum Ref: BM 1879, 1209.1671 Robin Hood VI, Greenwell CCLXXI Dimensions: Mouth diameter 6.2cms, Height 5.4cms, Base diameter 2.2cms

Fabric and Form

A dark brown fabric blackened and crazed on both surfaces particularly around the rim bevel and on the base. There are small angular quartz? inclusions, moderate- common, >4mm, breaking off and the whole of the vessel is heavy and thickened.The Cup is biconical with a small base omphalos. There are no perforations.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim bevel is decorated with two or three twisted cord lines encircling, there are two twisted cord lines around the rim exterior and below these there are triangles filled with opposing oblique lines. Two twisted cord lines encircle the carination and the lower portion and base is undecorated.

Site, Context andAssociations

In a round barrow cremation cemetery, in a central oval grave associated with an adult cremation deposit, the Cup was inverted on the bones.

Refs: Abercromby,1912, fig. 281, Kinnes and Longworth,1985, 125, 271:4.

392

118. Fylingdales Whitby Pannett Park Museum Ref: WHITM:ARC1122 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 9.5cms, Height 6.0cms, Base diameter 7.0cms

Fabric and Form

The fabric is thick and heavy and dark brown in colour externally, black on the internal surface which may be due to depositional staining or possibly burning. Sand and quartz inclusions > 5mm are abundant and irregular voids can be seen particularly at the base. The rim is wide and expanded outwards and a rim sherd is missing (10%). The rim has a thin break vertically through the fabric and the overall form is a splayed wall Cup.

Classification – Type 4

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

Undecorated

Site, Context and Associations

None known.

Refs: None known.

393

119. Ganton British Museum Ref: BM 1879, 1203.310 Southwell III Dimensions: Mouth diameter 5.5cms, Height 3.9cms, Base diameter 7.4cms

Fabric and Form

The Cup is 50% reconstructed but is made of a dark brown fabric with chalk inclusions moderate, >1mm. The profile is biconical with a gentle carination and the rim is upright and the base is flat. There are no perforations.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative Technique and Motifs

The rim is undecorated, the external upper portion has fine vertical twisted cord lines reaching down to just above the carination where they are bordered by two horizontally encircling twisted cord lines on the carination. The remainder of the pot is undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

In a round barrow inhumation and cremation cemetery, Cup associated with a heaped cremation deposit above the old surface, Cup found on bones

Refs: Greenwell,1877, 171-3, Abercromby,1912, no. 292, Kinnes and Longworth, 41, 26:1.

394

120. Ganton British Museum Ref: BM1879, 1209.331 Southwell VI Dimensions: Mouth diameter 7.0cms, Height 4.0cms, Base diameter 4.5cms

Fabric and Form

The Cup is made from a porous grey fabric which has the appearance of pumice, has chalk inclusions moderate and is voided all over. There is an area of blackening on the base. The rim is inturned with a bevel and the base is flat and there are two pairs of perforations set opposite one another.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

There is possible decoration on the rim bevel but it is now too abraded to be certain, externally there are five or six rows of horizontal pinpricks above the carination which suddenly swap direction and become vertical. The remainder of the Cup is undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

In a round barrow cemetery, with an adult cremation deposit possibly burnt in situ, in a central oval pit under a round barrow, also associated with a flint flake.

Refs: Greenwell,1877, 178-9 fig.103, Abercromby,1912,no.291, Kinnes and Longworth,1985, 42, 29:1.

395

121. Ganton British Museum Ref: BM 1879,1209.1527 (Cup), 1527a, (Lid) Brough III Dimensions of Cup (sherds only): Mouth diameter 6.5 cms estimated, Height 5.0cms, Base diameter 6.0cms estimated. Dimensions of lid (sherd only) diameter 7.0cms

Fabric and Form The Cup fabric is orange brown and the lid fabric is dark brown giving an appearance of leather. The Cup sherds (3) have a rim segment which is rolled outward slightly and there is also a carination evident suggesting this is a biconical Cup. There is possibly one perforation through the rim but this is uncertain. The lid is circular and is approximately 20% present.

Classification – Type 2

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim of the Cup has one row of pinpricks around the top surface , then there are two bands of pinpricks below the rim exterior and above a horizontal grooved line encircling. There is then an undecorated area with a depth of 20mm before another two bands of pinpricks , below which there is another horizontal grooved line encircling.

396

The lid has one incised line around the outer edge then a row of pinpricks (gives the impression of thick needle holes as in leather) and there is one perforation and the slight impression of an incised triangle.

Site, Context and Associations

In a round barrow, a crouched double inhumation of one adult male and one adolescent female placed in a hollow, forming a burial within a cemetery of other multiple inhumations. Another miniature lidded Food Vessel Cup was present (235) one Cup placed between the chests and one between the hips. A boar’s tusk lay close to the shoulder of the male with a small quartz pebble.

Refs: Greenwell,1877,165, fig.77, Abercromby,1912, no. 30, Kinnes and Longworth, 1985, 37, 21: 10& 11

397

122.Goathland Moor York Museum Ref: YORYM: 1947.1057 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 3.6cms, Height 3.8cms, Base diameter 7.7cms

Fabric and Form

The Cup is made from a pale brown coloured well fired fabric with inclusions of limestone and stone, >5mm, moderate. The Cup is upright with a small contracted mouth and straight sides. There are nine perforations, not particularly in pairs, set two thirds of the way down the outside of the Cup. The rim is rolled inwards and simple.

Classification – Type 3

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The top surface is decorated with incised filled triangles, then there are ten or eleven lines of horizontally encircling twisted cord around the Cup wall, interupted by vertical twisted cord lines in sets of four or five. The horizontal lines were impressed first, then the vertical, then finally the perforations added.The base is undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

None known.

Refs: None known.

398

123. Great Ayton Moor Scarborough Museum 1960.417 Dimensions: Largest sherd of a seven sherd group – Rim bevel 0.8cms, Height 4.5cms, Base diameter estimated 6.5cms

Fabric and Form The Cup is a contracted mouth biconical and is broken with seven sherds remaining, the largest of which has been treated with museum varnish. This sherd comprises of a rim section, body and base angle. The fabric is orange, thick and smooth but no inclusions can be determined.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The Cup has been decorated with very fine twisted cord in two encircling bands around the rim bevel, then externally around the rim. Below this there are oblique fine twisted cord lines reaching down to two more horizontal lines. The oblique lines are repeated in the opposite direction then two more horizontal lines encircle the base angle. The base appears undecorated but is much abraded.

Site, Context and Associations

Found in an oval pit covered by a flat slab, with 2 Collared Urns, 2 flint flakes and a heaped cremation deposit.

Refs: Longworth,1984, entry no. 1154&1155.

399

Collared Urns shown at a scale of 1:4 and Cup sherd at 1:2.

Taken from Longworth (1984)

400

124. Guisborough British Museum Ref: BM 1876, 0410.16 NW of Hob on the Hill Dimensions: Mouth diameter 5.8cms, Height 5.2cms, Base diameter 4.8 cms

Fabric and Form

The Cup is slightly distorted but is generally rounded and open with a simple upright slightly rolled rim and a flat base. The Cup is heavily reconstructed and is made of a thick orange smooth fabric with chalk inclusions moderate, >1mm. Some variations in colour can be seen on the exterior as grey patches.There are no perforations evident.

Classification – Type 4

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The external surface is decorated just below the rim with two lines of encircling twisted cord which border 14 vertical lines of twisted cord below. The vertical motif was applied before the rim motif.

Site, Context and Associations

In a kerbed round cairn, forming the primary deposit containing a Collared Urn and a cremation deposit, covered with a stone.The Cup was found inside the Urn.

Refs: Longworth,1984, entry no.160, Smith,1994,59.

401

Illustration of Guisborough Cup and associated Collared Urn. Cup shown at a scale of 1:2, Collared Urn 1:4.

402

125. Guisborough/Stanghow British Museum Ref: BM 1876, 0410.11 Hob on the Hill Dimensions: Mouth diameter 4.8cms, Height 4.0cms, Base diameter 6.0cms

Fabric and Form

The fabric is pale orange in colour with darker patches externally. The Cup is biconical with a rolled rim and a wide flat base. There are two perforations at the base which open up into the interior base angle and these appear to have been created from the interior to the exterior, however this would require some magnification to determine exactly. There are chalk inclusions and small stones >3mm, sparse.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim interior has two rows of pinpricks in a row around, and then on the rim exterior there are another two rows of pinpricks encircling. Below this there are pinprick triangles bordered below by another encircling pinprick line around the maximum diameter. The motifs are repeated on the lower portion until there is a narrow undecorated zone which contains the two perforations. The base is decorated with a haphazard pinprick motif which seems to roughly outline a number of triangles in a loose fashion.

Site, Context and Associations

Burial deposit two of five in a cremation cemetery under a barrow. The Cup contained part of a curved bone pin, further parts of the pin under the bones of a cremation deposit and an arrowhead (type unknown).

Refs: Smith,1994, 59.

403

126. Hanging Grimston 9 Hull and East Riding Museum Ref: KINCM1942.485 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 7.0cms, Height 7.5cms, Base diameter 7.0cms

Fabric and Form

A brown orange coloured fabric which has a rough texture and a number of external cracks. The rim is abraded but inturned. Grog is visible internally > 5mm, sparse. The Cup is an open bowl with lugs which have been applied seperately and the Cup body has a soft carination and a flat base.

Classification – Type 4

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

Undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

In the base of the mound material of a round barrow which contained other inhumations. The Cup was found near the front of the skull of a child inhumation.

Refs: Mortimer,1905,107 fig.253

404

127. Hackness /Harwood Dale York Museum Ref: YORYM: 2012.773.7.2 Barrow 22, Surgate Brow Dimensions: Mouth diameter 4.5cms distorted, Height 7.0cms, Base diameter 3.0cms, collar depth 2.9cms

Fabric and Form

The Cup is made from a brown coloured fabric that appears to have a high percentage of naturally occurring sand inclusions in addition to chalk and grog >2mm, sparse. The Cup is a Miniature Collared Urn and there is distortion from flattening on one side of the collar. The Cup has an internal rim bevel and a rounded base which has some flattening enabling the Cup to stand on a flat surface.

Classification – Type 2

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim bevel has two encircling bands of fingernail impressions, the external collar is decorated with four bands of encircling fingernail impressions with the lowest band resting on the collar carination. It should be noted that the fingernail decoration is very small, even taking shrinkage into account. The remainder of the Cup is undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

A small barrow described as two-phase, a primary cremation deposit associated with the Cup and the base and lower part of a ? Collared Urn which may have been inverted over the Cup.

Refs: Longworth,1984, entry no.1167 , Smith,1994, 149.

405

128. Hellifield Lingber Hill Personal Collection of Mr Tom Lord, Settle

Dimensions: Mouth diameter 4.4cms, Height 4.9cms, Base diameter 3.0cms

Fabric and Form

The fabric is pale orange in colour and has an orange powdery residue abrading from the surface when handled. The fabric is porous in texture and has small limestones inclusions >3mm, moderate, particularly at the base area. The Cup has two large firing spalls, one to the upper portion which has an area of rim missing and one to the lower portion. Organic voids can be seen both in the spall break and external surface. Black and grey patches can be seen on the external surface and on the rim top either side of the sherd break and a number of cracks are present internally.The Cup is a firing waster. The rim top is generally flat with a slight internal bevel, the Cup profile is biconical and the carination is set low down on the Cup which tapers to a small circular base. There is slight assymetry with the base and the Cup leans to one side on a flat surface. There are no perforations.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim top has two bands of encircling pinpricks, the impressions are very small and may have been done with a thin reed, bone or quill. The rim exterior has two incised horizontally encircling lines then below these there is a horizontal band of pinpricks. After an undecorated area, the motif is reversed with a band of pinpricks, then two horizontally encircling incised lines just above the carination. The remainder of the Cup is undecorated.

406

Site, Context and Associations

From a long barrow (or natural drumlin), the burial context was covered with large flat stones and contained a cremation deposit. As the many references differ all possible Cup associations should be treated as imprecise.

Refs: Speight,1892, 309, Longworth,1984, entry no.1173a.

407

129. Helmsley British Museum Ref: BM 1879, 1209.1723 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 9.0cms, Height 6.8cms, Base diameter 5.4cms

Fabric and Form

This Miniature Food Vessel is made from an orange/pink fabric which has moderate inclusions of chalk > 6mm. It is 50% reconstructed, having a flat wide rim and one carination and a concave base. There is a burnt area on the external base angle with a burnt out irregular void.

Classification – Type 2

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim top is decorated with a band of impressed whipped cord maggots in a diagonal pattern and this motif is repeated on the neck area above the carination, where the impressions are vertical. The remainder of the pot is undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

An inhumation from a round barrow. No further information known.

Refs: Kinnes and Longworth,1985, 149, UN 121:1

408

130. High Dalby Warren York Museum Ref: YORYM: 1947.1063 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 5.6cms, Height 4.5cms, Base diameter 5.0cms

Fabric and Form

This is an open Cup with a wide flat top rim and made from a thick orange fabric which has suffered heat damage. The fabric is cracked and crazed all over and has visible grog and sandstone inclusions common at the base area >3mm, moderate. There are grey and white patches externally as well as black flecks within the fabric core and one blackened spall at the rim exterior.

Classification – Type 5

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

Undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

None known.

Refs: None known.

409

131. Howe nr. Whitby British Museum Ref: WG2422 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 5.2cms, Height 5.8cms, Base diameter 5.2cms

Fabric and Form

The Cup is made from a crumbling orange coloured fabric, coarse with a high percentage of small angular quartz >3mm,commmon and some chalk inclusions >1mm, rare. Five carinations were counted decreasing in size giving a coiled conical effect. The rim is inturned and the base is flat. There are no perforations.

Classification – Type 2

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The Cup may have had an incised encircling line below the rim but it is too badly decayed to be certain.

Site, Context and Associations

From a round barrow, no further detail known.

Refs: Kinnes and Longworth,1985, 151, UN 132:1

410

132. Hutton Buscel York Museum Ref: YORYM: 1947.1037 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 7.8cms approximately, Height 8.8cms, Base diameter 5.5cms

Fabric and Form

The fabric is pale yellow cream in colour and has a black core. The condition is fair but slightly crumbling on handling. Stone,sand and quartz inclusions can be seen >4mm, moderate. Externally the Cup has some grey/black patches. This is a Miniature Food Vessel Cup and it has a wide flat top rim and a small neck which flares to a wide shoulder. Below the shoulder the Cup body tapers to a small flat base. A large portion of the rim and neck is absent.

Classification – Type 2

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim top has two opposing rows of stab impressions, one on the outer edge set at an oblique angle, the other on the inner edge set at the opposite oblique angle forming a herringbone design. The rim exterior is undecorated as is the neck zone then just above the shoulder there is a roughly vertical band of stab impressions around the Cup. This is repeated in two rows below the shoulder in opposite directions. The remainder of the Cup is undecorated

Site, Context and Associations

None known.

Refs: None known

411

133. Hutton Buscel British Museum Ref: BM 1879, 1209.1316 Greenwell CLVII Dimensions: Mouth diameter 5.0cms, Height 5.4cms, Base diameter 6.1cms

Fabric and Form

The Cup is made from an orange coloured fabric which has areas of cracking and spalling externally along with blackened patches. There appears to be a white residue on the interior. The form is generally biconical with assymetry. On one side there is a very soft carination, on the opposite side there are two although this may be unintentional. The rim is inturned but slopes outward and has a displaced piece of clay adhering and the base is flat. There are no perforations.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The decoration is poorly executed but this may be due to the heat damage on the Cup. The rim has incised triangles,each comprising three lines per triangle. The upper portion has incised single line zig zags and this is repeated at the point of the second carination. Below the second carination the remainder of the pot is undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

A round barrow with an addition at the south.The burial was on the original mound surface beneath the mound addition. Associations comprise an adult cremation deposit, two bronze shank fragments, a jet pendant and three jet beads, all placed among the bones.

Refs: Kinnes and Longworth,1985, 95, 157:2.

412

134. Hutton Buscel Barrow 2 Scarborough Museum Unaccessioned Dimensions: Mouth diameter 5.2cms, Height 6.5cms, Base diameter 4.5cms

Fabric and Form

Thefabric is orange brown in colour and badly heat affected with cracks internally radiating around the base and externally where sherds are missing. The Cup has been glued back together. Where sherd breaks exist the fabric core is black. Inclusions of very fine stone, sand and quartz granules >2mm, abundant.

The rim has a bevel, then there are two carinations at the widest diameter, the base is flat with a very slight footring. There are no perforations.

Classification – Type 2

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim has one band of incised herring bone around, then externally the Cup has the same incised herringbone motif in opposing bands horizontally to below the lower carination, then there are five double bands of herringbone in vertical bands reaching down to the base, which is undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

Found in the first phase inner turf mound of a two phase barrow, no associations reported.

Refs: Brewster and Finney,1995, 72, fig.39.

413

135. Hutton Buscel Barrow 2 Scarborough Museum Unaccessioned Dimensions: Mouth diameter 5.5cms, Height 4.0cms, Base diameter 4.5cms

Fabric and Form

The Cup is an open bowl shape made from a pale grey smooth fabric which has hairline cracks externally and internally at the base. There is a slightly inturned rim bevel which has a small sherd missing. A grey/ blackened area can be seen on the base, which is generally flat. Dark grey inclusions of quartz are common, >1mm. There are no perforations.

Classification – Type 5

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The Cup appears to be undecorated however it may be possible that there is a very abraded band of twisted cord on the rim bevel.

Site, Context and Associations

The Cup and a cremation deposit found by fieldwalking on the barrow surface .

Refs: Brewster and Finney,1995, 7, fig.39.2.

414

136. Hutton Moor British Museum Ref: BM 1875, 0403.1 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 4.5cms, Height 4.5cms, Base diameter 7.0cms

Fabric and Form

The Cup is biconical and made from a dark orange fabric with a smooth texture. Grog is visible >3mm, rare. The Cup has an abraded inturned rim bevel and a sharp carination close to the base. The base is small and concave. There is one pair of perforations on the carination and an area of spalling externally and blackening both internally and externally.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim bevel has incised triangles in a band around, then externally there are six lines of fine encircling twisteed cord impressions which contain panels of six vertical fingernail or incisions down to the level of the carination. The base has a motif which comprises two lines of very fine twisted cord encircling then opposing quarter panels infilled with lncised lines.The unfilled quarters have short incisions around the edge

Site, Context and Associations:

From a round barrow, in a cist, associated with a cremation deposit and a fragment of a second Cup (now lost).

Refs: Lukis, 1870,121, Abercromby,1912, fig.289, Longworth,1967,111-122 , A5 .

415

137. Irton Moor University of Bradford Archaeology Dept. Barrow 3, Derek Simpson Archive. Dimensions: Sherd only comprising base and lower portion only. Maximum diameter 7.0cms, Height 3.5cms, Base diameter 3.5cms.

Fabric and Form The fabric is dark brown, thick and heavy with angular sandstone inclusions>5mm, moderate. The Cup is only 40% present and the remaining sherd comprises the base, which has a footring and lower body to the maximum diameter. The remaining form suggests a rounded carination.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

There are ? four very soft vertical short impressions of twisted cord around the lower portion. The remainder is undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

The Cup was found inside a Food Vessel Urn in an oval cairn containing scattered cremation deposits and sherds of undecorated Bronze Age pottery. The cairn was a later phase to an earlier structure associated with the Neolithic.

Refs: D.Simpson, Unpublished notes.

416

Illustration of the Irton Moor Cup and associated Food Vessel.

417

138. Kingthorpe York Museum Ref: YORYM: 1947.1056 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 4.5cms, Height 4.6cms, Base diameter 2.0cms

Fabric and Form The fabric is orange brown in colour with chalk and fine stone inclusions >2mm, sparse. There are some black patches externally on the rim bevel and carination. The Cup has a biconical profile with a low rounded carination, contracted mouth and a small flat base. There is one pair of perforations set 10mm below the rim.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim bevel has three encircling twised cord lines around and the rim exterior has two twisted cord encircling horizontal lines which act as the top border to a motif of filled opposing triangles, each having six or seven lines infilling. The carination is decorated with two horizontally encircling lines of twisted cord then the lower portion and base are undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations:

None known

Refs: None known

418

139. Kingthorpe Sheffield Museum Ref: J93.895 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 5x 4.6cms distorted, Height 4.8cms, Base diameter 4.0cms

Fabric and Form

The fabric is orange brown in colour with some small voids internally. Inclusions of grog and limestone are present >2mm, sparse. Large cracks from rim to base have been secured by reconstruction and when the Cup is viewed from above it is slightly distorted and flattened into an oval shape. The form is biconical with an internal rim bevel, a rounded carination and a flat base. There are no perforations.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim bevel has two encirling lines of twisted cord , the exterior upper portion has four horizontal encirlcing lines of twisted cord then a fifth just below the carination. The lower portion is decorated with twisted cord triangles without any fill to the base, under the base is undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

In a round barrow, burial close to the old land surface, with a flint knife and cremation deposit.

Refs: Bateman,1861, 234-5, Abercomby,1912, fig 312, Smith,1994, 127.

419

140. Loose Howe British Museum Ref: BM 2010, 8035.18 Dimensions: Sherd only – consisting of part of the rim, body and base angle, Rim bevel 9mm, Height 3.8cms.

Fabric and Form The Cup sherd is an orange coloured fabric with large areas of spalling, having the base angle, partial body and rim bevel present. There is a void in the sherd section. Classification – Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim bevel has two encircling lines of twisted cord around, externally the surface is decorated with eight horizontal lines of twisted cord, interupted by two vertical lines to form a triangle. The execution is a little haphazard.

Site, Context and Associations

An undecorated urn (not seen), a cremation deposit, part of a bronze dagger, part of a bronze pin, a stone battle axe and a small piece of flint in a secondary deposit east of the summit of the kerbed cairn.

Refs: Elgee and Elgee,1949, 87-106, Smith,1994, 66.

420

Illustration of the Loose Howe assemblage.

421

141. Pickering Nr. Sheffield Museum Ref: J93.877 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 4.5cms, Height 4.8cms, Base diameter 4.5cms

Fabric and Form

The fabric is grey brown in colour and has a small area of reconstruction on the rim top. The exterior surface has a sheen but this may be from previous museum treatments. The Cup is heavy and a grog inclusion can be seen in the interior base close to a void, both >5mm. Fingernail impressions can be seen internally and smaller voids are present on the exterior surface. The internal voids have the appearance of perforations but on close inspection they are irregular and do not penetrate right through the fabric. The Cup is biconical in profile with a thick heavy inturned rim bevel, a soft rounded carination and a small circular base.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim bevel has three incised lines encircling then the rim exterior has one incised line encircling around. Below this there are opposing infilled incised triangles which reach to the carination. Below the carination, the Cup is undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

‘Found in a barrow’.

Refs: Howarth,1899,154, Abercromby,1912, fig. 311

422

142. Pickering Nr. Sheffield Museum Ref: J93.890 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 4.2cms, Height 4.2cms, Base diameter 6.8cms

Fabric and Form

This is a pale brown, well fired well made Cup with a rim bevel, rounded sides and a gently rounded base. There is blackening to one side of the Cup from the maximum diameter to the rim, internally and externally. Small sandstone inclusions can be seen externally, >3mm, sparse. There are eight fairly evenly spaced perforations all positioned on the lower portion.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim bevel has two or three incised lines encircling, then three of the same around the rim exterior. The upper portion has alternating horizontal then vertical short incised lines in groups of five or six and this motif reaches down below the maximum diameter to the lower portion which is decorated with four incised encircling lines around the base. The base is decorated with four circular bands of short angular stabs.

Site, Context and Associations

‘From a barrow’.

Refs: Bateman,1861, 238, Howarth,1899,154.

423

143. Pickering Nr. Sheffield Museum Ref: J93.892 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 3.7cms, Height 5.5cms, Base diameter 3.7 approximately.

Fabric and Form

The fabric is red brown varying to dark grey, smooth in texture with some small voids on the internal surface. Stone, limestone and grog inclusions can be seen >4mm, moderate. The Cup has three feet with a fourth one absent. The feet have been added after the cylindrical Cup has been formed as there is cracking on two of the feet around the area where they have been applied. The small Cup body has an upright rim and no perforations.

Classification – Type 2

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

There is one fine twisted cord line impressed around the rim top, then two twisted cord lines around the rim exterior. From these, thirteen fairly evenly spaced vertical twisted cord lines reach down towards the base of the Cup where they meet another two fine twisted cord lines encircling the base angle area.

Site, Context and Associations

‘From a barrow’.

Refs: Bateman,1861, 238, Howarth,1899,154.

424

144. Pickering 4M NE Sheffield Museum Ref: J93.894 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 5.4cms uneven, Height 3.8-4.4 varying, Base diameter 4.5-5.5cms varying.

Fabric and Form

The fabric is thick, dark red/brown in colour and the external surface is glossy with PVA applied some time in the recent past. The fabric has inclusions of limestone, moderate, and what appears to be crushed black flint, one of which measures 10mm within the internal Cup wall. Five additional inclusions can be seen.

The Cup has slightly splayed walls and a flat rim top and there is some overall distortion and assymetry. There are no perforations.

Classification – Type 4

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

Undecorated

Site, Context and Associations

On the natural surface under a round barrow. The associations are a cremation deposit and three flints.

Refs: Bateman,1861, 224, Abercromby,1912, fig 302.

425

145. Pickering 4M N Sheffield Museum Ref: J93.874 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 5.5cms, Height 3.8cms, Base diameter 4.8cms

Fabric and Form

The fabric is orange brown in colour, heavy and thick but smooth on the unabraded external surface. Where the rim sherds have broken or abraded, grog, stone and limestone inclusions are present, common, >5mm. The Cup has a biconical profile with an inturned rounded rim and no perforations. The Cup is cracked all over, particularly at the base.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

Undecorated

Site, Context and Associations

A primary deposit in the centre of a round barrow on the natural surface. No details of a cremation or inhumation recorded. Associated with a large undecorated urn (unseen), and a flint spear 3 inches long (lost).

Refs: Bateman, 1861, 215, Howarth,1899,133, Smith,1994,120.

426

146. Pickering 4M NW Sheffield Museum Ref: J93.891 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 7.0cms, Height 4.6cms, Base diameter 3.0cms

Fabric and Form

The Cup is a Miniature Food Vessel and it is constructed from a dark brown well fired fabric.There is blackening on 60% of the external surface and on the internal surface also. The Cup has an angular carination which tapers to an omphalos base.

Classification – Type 2

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim top has one band of herringbone incised lines which is neatly executed. This slightly overlaps onto the outer rim surface. Externally, there are neat bands of small dots encircling the Cup until at the base angle, there is a repeat of one band of herringbone incised lines. Under the base there is one band of dots around the omphalos edge.

Site, Context and Associations

Under a cairn in a grave cut into the old land surface, the Cup was associated with a contracted inhumation and three flints, one being made of ‘red silex’ placed at the head.

Refs: Bateman,1861, 227, Howarth,1899,154, Smith,1994,114.

427

147. Pickering 6M N Sheffield Museum Ref: J93.879 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 4.8cms, Height 4.4cms uneven, Base diameter 4.8cms

Fabric and Form The Cup is a contracted mouth form made from a very well fired grey brown fabric which has been smoothed externally, with limestone inclusions, sparse, >2mm. There is a small crack in the base internally and a small area of rim top missing with a burnt area around the missing sherd. The interior also appears slightly blackened. The Cup has a deep rim bevel, the sides taper outwards from the rim to the base which has a footring. There are no perforations.

Classification – Type 3

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

Undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

In a barrow, close to a large stone covered by mound material including large flagstones. The Cup was found associated with a mass (multiple burial?) of cremated bones and a bone pin ( ivory).

Refs: Bateman,1861, 211, Abercromby,1912, fig. 328, Smith,1994, 121.

428

148. Pickering 7M N Sheffield Museum Ref: J93.883 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 6.0cms, Height 6.8cms, Base diameter 4.8cms

Fabric and Form

The Cup is made from a well fired brown coloured fabric with some of the rim top absent revealing one limestone inclusion in the break, >5mm. The fabric texture is smooth externally, less so internally. There are two perforations just below the carination. The Cup is biconical with an expanded, flat topped rim, and a slightly angular carination halfway down the body.

Classification – Type 2

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim top has two bands of encircling dots, the rim exterior has one incised line around it where it meets the upper portion then there is another single line of dots encircling. This forms the upper border for incised overlapping triangles which reach down to three more bands of dots which cover the carination. Below the carination, the Cup is undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

In a barrow, associated with a large urn (broken, not preserved) which contained the Cup and a cremation deposit.

Refs: Bateman,1861, 204, Abercromby,1912, fig.284, Smith,1994, 122.

429

149. Pickering 7m N Sheffield Museum Ref: J93.886 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 3.5cms, Height 4.0cms, Base diameter 3.0cms

Fabric and Form

The fabric is well fired and brown in colour, with grog and limestone inclusions moderate, >3mm. The external surface is voided and rough in texture and internally the base has fingernail impressions on an uneven surface. The rim is plain and inturned with a small area absent. The Cup is a contracted mouth biconical with slightly rounded carination tapering to a flat base and there are no perforations. There is one blackened area externally and crazing from heat damage. The surface may originally have been smoothed but is now abraded.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The Cup appears undecorated intially however there are some possible very faint twisted cord vertical lines from the rim exterior onto the upper portion. This is however, subjective.

Site, Context and Associations

On the natural surface under a large flat stone at the centre of a cairn. The Cup is associated with a cremation deposit and two ‘instruments’ of flint.

Refs: Bateman,1861, 223, Abercromby,1912, fig. 297, Smith,1994,122.

430

150. Pickering 7M E Sheffield Museum Ref: J93.889 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 8.4cms, Height 5.5cms, Base diameter 7.6cms.

Fabric and Form The fabric is thick and heavy with a roughened texture made shiny by previous use of museum PVA and heavy reconstruction. The colour was originally dark brown and there are sparse limestone/chalk inclusions >2mm breaking the surface at the base and side. Additionally there are what appears to be crushed black flint inclusions internally near the rim but this requires further investigation to confirm. The Cup has a flat topped rim, straight sides, although there is a little assymetry, and a flat base. There are no perforations.

Classification – Type 5

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

There are triangles formed by dots on the exterior surface, which reach from the rim top to the lower portion but do not reach the base. These are fairly crude in execution.

Site, Context and Associations

A round barrow, large stones (a cist?) at the centre under which lay a Food Vessel urn on its side containing the Cup, no other associations.

Refs: Bateman,1861, 221, Howarth,1899, 154.

431

Illustration of the Pickering 7M E Cup and associated Food Vessel.

432

151. Pickering 10M NE Sheffield Museum Ref: J93.875 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 4.5cms, Height 4.5cms, Base diameter rounded- unmeasurable.

Fabric and Form

The red brown fabric is very well fired and is smoothed externally. The Cup has a heavy base which has one crack. One external area is blackened. Sparse grog and limestone > 1mm inclusions are present and there is a horizontal impression on the external carination where the Cup may have been pushed or leant against something at the pre-firing stage. Overall the biconical form is very rounded and symmetrical with an internal rim bevel and a base so rounded it can not be measured for diameter. There are no perforations.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

Undecorated

Site, Context and Associations

A round barrow containing a cist placed centrally, with a cremation deposit.

Refs: Howarth,1899,150, Abercromby,1912, fig. 309, Smith,1994,123.

433

152. Riggs Hull and East Riding Museums Ref: KINCM 1942.486 Barrow 17 Cup dimensions: Mouth diameter 6.0cms, Height 6.0cms, Base diameter 5.5cms Lid dimensions: Rim diameter 6.8cms, Height 2.5cms

Fabric and Form

The fabric is pale brown in colour, thick with slight blackening near the rim top. One large stone inclusion is present on the external surface and also one on the rim top >6mm. The Cup has slightly splayed sides and a flat top rim.There are two pairs of perforations through the rim top. The Cup has a lid with a raised central cone which has four small perforations. The vessel and lid are heavy.

Classification – Type 2

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The Cup lid is decorated with short individual lengths of thick twisted cord or wool pushed deep into the fabric and the same technique is applied to the exterior of the Cup where it forms fairly haphazard triangles.

Site, Context and Associations

The Cup and lid were deposited alone in a round barrow that contained both inhumation and cremation deposits.

Refs: Mortimer,1905,178, fig 448.

434

153. Robin Hoods Bay York Museum Ref: YORYM: 1947.1183 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 5.2cms, Height 5.3cms, Base diameter 5.0cms

Fabric and Form

The fabric is yellow/ brown in colour and the texture is slightly corky possibly due to the presence of burnt out organics within the fabric. The Cup is also lighter in weight than its appearance and thickness of fabric tends to suggest. There is blackening on one external area and a large area of spalling to the lower portion and base resulting in it having an uneven base, rather than the intended flat base. There are inclusions of sand and stone but these are very small >2mm, moderate. The rim has a slight inturned bevel and there is a soft carination on the pot and overall it is slightly assymetrical.The Cup does not have any perforations.

Classification – Type 2

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

Undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

None known

Refs: None known.

435

154. Saintoft, Nr Cawthorn Sheffield Museum Ref: J93.876 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 3.7cms, Height 3.8cms, Base diameter 5.8cms

Fabric and Form

The Cup is a well fired orange coloured smooth textured fabric with limestone and grog inclusions >3mm, sparse. There is some slight spalling on the carination and blackening in two places, also on the carination.This biconical Cup is assymetrical, has a flat base and an inturned rounded rim. There are no perforations.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim exterior has two bands of dots around it, the upper portion has oblique lines of dots as does the lower portion, however some change direction on the lower portion.The base is undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

A round barrow with a central stone covering a cist containing a cremation, the Cup and broken bone pin.

Refs: Bateman,1861, 206, Howarth, 1899, 150, Smith,1994,116.

436

155. Scalby Cumboots Scarborough Museum Ref: 1938.893 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 6.5 x 5.5 distorted, Height 5.5cms, Base diameter 5.5cms

Fabric and Form

The fabric is orange in colour originally but now appears grey due to heat damage.The base is crazed and blackened/grey and there are cracks on the internal base and around the base angle. The Cup mouth is distorted into an ovoid shape and the rim is uneven, abraded and partially bevelled or upright in places. The base is flat and the Cup profile is rounded. The Cup is fenestrated having 15 vertical slits removed and which appear to have been made using a flint or metal blade or an awl. There are no perforations and stone inclusions are visible externally > 2mm, moderate.

Classification – Type 3

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

There are two lines of twisted cord encircling the rim interior then three lines of twisted cord encircling the exterior rim. There are 15 slits perforating the Cup body. The Cup body has been decorated with short twisted cord lines in panels, one panel applied horizontally with four lines, then one panel applied obliquely around the widest diameter. The fenestration has been applied after the decoration as it interupts the motif which continues around the Cup. The base is undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

From a round barrow, associated with a cremation deposit and ‘larger urn’ which may be Longworth’s (1984) entry 1248, now divorced from the Cup in the museum.

Refs: Allies (1844), 458-462.

437

156. Scarborough, Langdale End York Museum Ref: YORYM: 1947.1058.1 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 4.5cms, Height 4.0cms, Base diameter 5.5cms

Fabric and Form

This is a pale orange/yellow fabric with grog and quartz inclusions evident, sparse, >3mm. This biconical Cup has grey patches externally and a spall on the base underneath. The carination is very strong and similar to a cordon in profile. The rim is inturned and bevelled and there are six perforations in two sets of three, set opposite each other. The perforations have been applied from the outside of the pot inwards as displaced clay can be seen. They are positioned with two perforations just above the carination and one just below. This is repeated on the opposite side of the Cup.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim bevel has one line of encircling twisted cord around it, as does the rim exterior. Below this, the upper portion is decorated with incised overlapping triangles which overall give a diamond motif effect. Each zone has dots infilling , around the top pendant triangles each zone has only one dot, then the other zones are infilled with either 3 or 4 dots. There is then a twisted cord line encircling just above the carination and again just below.The overall effect causes the carination to be more prominent and it seems to mimic stitched leather.The lower portion has very slight, faint incised triangles infilled with lines before another encircling twisted cord line wraps around the base of the Cup.

Site, Context and Associations

None known

Refs: Abercromby,1912, fig. 296.

438

157. Scarborough, Nr. Scarborough Museum Ref: 1938.904 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 5.2cms, Height 4.4cms, Base diameter 6.0cms

Fabric and Form

The Cup is a small well fired vessel made of a pale orange fabric with grog inclusions visible at the base angle externally >3mm rare, and some sand/chalk inclusions>2mm. A white/grey discolouration is present on the base angle. The texture is smooth and the rim is inturned, rounded and slightly abraded. The upper portion is narrow with a gently angled carination then the lower portion tapers slightly to a flat base. There is ? one perforation just below the carination however this is irregular in form and could be a deep slit type void.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The upper portion is decorated with vertical incised panels with herringbone infill. The lower portion is undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

None known.

Refs: None known.

439

158. Skipton Craven Museum Ref: SKIPM:D1383 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 7.0cms,Height 6.0cms, Base diameter 4.5cms (pedestal foot damaged)

Fabric and form

The fabric is thick and pale brown/grey in colour with a high percentage of limestone inclusions < 1mm, common. The form is globular and slightly asymmetrical with the remains of a pedestal foot which is damaged. The rim is upright and rounded and there are no perforations present.

Classification – Type 5

Decorative techniques and motifs

The rim has one line of lightly impressed twisted cord encircling the top then the body of the Cup is covered by 9 horizontal lines of impressed twisted cord which reach down to the underside of the pot belly. There is then an undecorated zone on the pedestal which gives way to one horizontal line of impressed twisted cord just above the broken portion of the pedestal.

Site, Context and Associations

The Cup was found as a result of road digging in the centre of Skipton.

Refs: None known

440

159. Slingsby British Museum Ref: BM 1879, 209.1272 CXLIV Dimensions: Mouth diameter 5.3cms, Height 3.5cms, Base diameter 5.1cms

Fabric and Form

This is a pale grey coloured biconical Cup with some areas of blackening externally. The rim is inturned and there is some spalling at the carination and base. Inclusions of chalk and grog, sparse >2mm can be seen. There are no perforations.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The Cup has four lines of horizontally encircling twisted cord around the upper portion and just at the level of the carination. The remainder of the Cup is undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

Burial in a circular hollow in the centre of the round barrow. The Cup was associated with the cremation deposit of a young person, Cup on the bones

Refs: Greenwell ,1877, 351, fig 64, Abercromby,1912, no. 315, Kinnes and Longworth,1985, 92, 144:1.

441

160. Slingsby British Museum Ref: BM 1879,1209.1280 CXLVII Dimensions: Mouth diameter 7.6cms, Height 3.5cms, Base diameter 7.8cms

Fabric and Form

The fabric is dark brown in colour and smooth in texture with blackening on all surfaces. There is cracking radiating from the central inner base. This is an open Cup with a simple rolled rim and a double footring around under the flat base. Internally the base has a circular concave depression. There are stone inclusions, rare >2mm and some voids. The Cup has no perforations.

Classification – Type 3

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

Undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

A round barrow, a cremation deposit of an adult beneath a flat stone at the base of a hollow , with the burnt leg bone of a deer.

Refs: Greenwell,1877, 353, Abercromby,1912, no.316, Kinnes and Longworth,1985, 93, 147:2.

442

161. Slingsby British Museum Ref: BM 1879,1209.1281 CXLVIII Dimensions: Mouth diameter 5.8cms, Height 5.0cms, Base diameter 3.5cms

Fabric and Form

The fabric is a grey brown and the Cup profile is biconical with heavy reconstruction (60%) and a large amount of firing damage on the remainder. The spalls are large yet retained and the fabric is poor with some chalk inclusions >1mm, rare. The rim is upright but has a slight inturn. There may be one perforation just below the carination but this is uncertain.

Classification – Type1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The Cup has two encircling lines of twisted cord around the rim top and the same around the rim exterior, then below this there are neatly executed triangles on the upper portion and these are infilled with five lines of twisted cord set at an oblique angle, Each triangle is infilled in the opposite direction to its neighbour. Finally there are two more horizontally encircling twisted cord lines below the triangles and around the carination however the remainder of any decoration must be conjecture due to restoration of the Cup.

Site, Context and Associations

In a round barrow, no other interments recorded . The Cup was associated with a cremation deposit of an adult female Cup above but not in contact with bones, a second Cup (162, see entry below) was present with the skull and bones.

Refs: Greenwell,1877, 354, fig 63, Abercromby ,1912, nos. 288& 288a, Longworth, 1967, 111-122 no.6, Kinnes and Longworth,1985, 93,148:1&2.

443

162. Slingsby British Museum Ref: BM 1879,1290.1282 CXLVIII Dimensions: Mouth diameter 5.0cms, Height 3.8cms, Base footring diameter 4.2cms

Fabric and Form

The fabric is dark brown/ grey in colour and the Cup has a conical profile. It has burnt patches and cracking on the base internally and a spall at the base angle externally. Limestone inclusions can be seen >4mm, rare. The rim has an internal bevel and the base has a small footring. Internally the base of the Cup has a concave centre.

There are nine sets of three perforations in the Cup, set 5mm above each other vertically and are typically 30mm width between each set horizontally. The perforations have been made after the decoration has been applied and they penetrate the motifs.

Classification – Type 3

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim bevel has two encircling twisted cord lines around it, then externally, the Cup body has eight or nine horizontally encircling twisted cord lines around,leaving the base and interior undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

In a round barrow, no other interments recorded . The Cup was associated with a cremation deposit of an adult female, Cup above but not in contact with bones, a second Cup (161, see entry above) was present with the skull and bones.

444

Refs: Greenwell,1877, 354, fig 63, Abercromby,1912, nos . 288& 288a, Longworth,1967,111-122 no.6, Kinnes and Longworth,1985, 93,148:1&2.

445

163. Slingsby British Museum Ref: BM 1876,1209.1283 CXLIX Dimensions: Mouth diameter 5.0cms distorted, Height 4.2cms, Base diameter 5.0cms

Fabric and Form

This Cup is made from a dark brown fabric with stone, sand and chalk inclusions sparse > 2mm. The Cup is small and slightly distorted in shape and it has three carinations. The rim is generally upright but slightly inturned. The fabric is cracked vertically, originating from an internal void.

Classification – Type 2

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The Cup is decorated all over externally with small stab impressions which commence at the rim top and cover the whole of the external surface to and including the base.

Site, Context and Associations

A round barrow reduced by ploughing covering a hollow containing the cremation of a child 6-7 years. The Cup was overlying the bones of the skull.

Refs: Greenwell,1877,354, fig.142, Abercromby,1912, no.317, Kinnes and Longworth,1985, 93, no. 149:1.

446

164. South(ern) Black Howe British Museum Ref: BM 1876, 0410.17 Cairn A Dimensions: Mouth diameter 6.8cms, Height 4.4cms, Base diameter 3.0cms

Fabric and Form

The Cup is a plain bowl shape with an upright rim. The fabric is orange coloured with chalk inclusions >5mm, sparse and is in poor condition.The fabric exterior is corky and cracked with heat damage. The base is flattened and there has been some reconstruction.There are some paler striations on the interior but this may be depositional in nature. There are no perforations.

Classification – Type 5

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

Undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

A kerbed cairn, previously disturbed. The Cup was inverted over a stone and covered by another stone, in Cairn A in a central (but secondary) position which contained a cremation deposit. Also associated with 2 flint flakes and 3 jet beads.

Refs: Atkinson,1891,145-7, Abercromby,1912, fig.324, Smith,1994, 61.

447

165. South(ern) Black Howe British Museum Ref: BM 1876, 0410.30 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 7.0cms, Height 6.0cms, Base diameter 9.0cms

Fabric and Form

This is a biconical Cup with an inturned plain rim and a wide flat base. There are no perforations. The well fired fabric is orange in colour with paler external patches. There is possibly some very slight remains of bone material adhering to the interior base, but this is subjective and would require magnification. There are a couple of grog inclusions evident on both internal and external surfaces >5mm, rare.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

One line of twisted cord encircles the rim top then below this there is a band of twisted cord impressed triangles. These motifs are repeated two more times to just below the maximum diameter where it stops to be bordered below by two twisted cord encircling lines horizontally around the pot just below the carination. There is an undecorated zone on the lower portion until there are two more twisted cord encircling lines at the level of the base.

Site, Context and Associations

Closely located to the cain group, covered by a large flat stone, the Cup was associated with another Cup (lost) and a bowl shaped vessel, all three found upright and with traces of a cremation deposit.

Refs: Smith,1994,61.

448

166. Suffield York Museum Ref: YORYM: 2012.779.2.2 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 4.1cms, Height 5.5cms, Base diameter 5.5 cms

Fabric and Form

The Cup is a firing waster made from a pale orange fabric which has large firing spalls and a darker orange coloured base. A grey core can be seen in the fabric and sand and chalk inclusions are present >1mm, rare. The Cup is biconical with an inturned rim and there are no perforations.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

Undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

None known

Refs: None known

449

167.Three Howes, Glaisdale British Museum Ref: BM 1876, 0410.52 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 3.2cms, Height 2.8cms, Base diameter 5.0cms

Fabric and Form

This Cup is a small biconical pot made of an orange fabric which has blackening on the base. There are some small chalk inclusions, rare, >1mm, and the rim is abraded but upright. There are no perforations and the Cup has some reconstruction.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim of the Cup is too abraded to be certain of any decoration, externally the upper surface has incised cross hatching then there are two incised encircling lines around the widest diameter. The remainder of the Cup is undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

In a kerbed round barrow, context described as ‘shattered’ (Longworth,1984) Found in association with a Collared Urn, cremated bone and four flints (2 flat leaf shaped arrowheads, a thumb scraper and another implement not identified) .

Refs: Elgee,1930, 84,95-6, Longworth,1984, entry no. 156.

450

Illustration of Three Howes Glaisdale Cup and associated Collared Urn .Collared Urn shown at 1:4, Cup at 1:2. Illustration of Collared Urn taken from Longworth (1984).

451

168.Three Howes, Glaisdale British Museum Ref: BM 1876,0410.57 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 4.0cms, Height 4.2cms, Base diameter 7.0cms

Fabric and Form

This Cup is made from a rich orange coloured fabric which is pitted and crazed from heat damage and is 50% reconstructed. It is a contracted mouth Cup with a very slight carination, an inturned rim and a footring base.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The decoration is well executed and comprises of zoned incised motifs. The rim edge externally has triangles incised around in a band, then below there are two incised horizontal encircling lines. Below this there are pendant triangles each infilled with one smaller triangle, then two more horizontal encircling incised lines act as the border for two bands of incised short oblique lines, the upper line in a left to right direction, the lower one in the opposite direction. There are then two more incised horizontal lines encircling and below these is a band of single line incised triangles. The decoration is completed at the base of the Cup by one more incised horizontal encircling line.

Site, Context and Associations

In a kerbed round barrow, in association with a cremation deposit and at either end a worked flint and a lump of heamatite.

Refs: Abercromby,1912, fig.320, Longworth,1967, 111-122, Smith,74.

452

169. Upleatham Whitby Pannett Park Museum Ref: WHITM : ARC1127 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 4.0cms, Height 4.8cms, Base diameter 6.0cms

Fabric and Form

The Cup is made from a heavy orange yellow fabric which has been treated with museum PVA or similar. The fabric has inclusions of sand, stone and quartz >4mm moderate, and the overall fabric texture is rough. The Cup has a contracted mouth with a rounded rim slightly inturned with some abrasion, there are no perforations and the base is wide and flat.

Classification – Type 5

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

Undecorated

Site, Context and Associations

From a round barrow, associated with a large urn of unspecified type which contained a cremation deposit, urn now unlocated.

Refs: Longworth,1967, 111-122, no.8.

453

170.Way Hagg Barrow, West Ayton Scarborough Museum Ref: 1938.888 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 5.7cms, Height 7.0cms, Base diameter 6.0cms

Fabric and Form

The fabric is a rich orange in colour, porous and rough in texture, thick and heavy . There is a large spall on the rim section and upper portion and part of the base and lower portion is dark orange and grey in patches due to heat damage. One grog inclusion is visible externally 6mm and quartz >2mm, rare, can be seen in the spalled area. The Cup has an abraded rounded rim and two perforations, one on the opposite side to the other.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim top has one band of dots impressed then there is one very fine twisted cord line around the rim exterior. The upper portion has comb impressed dots however it is difficult to say exactly how many teeth the comb had. At the widest diameter there are two more very fine twisted cord lines encircling the Cup and this has the visual effect of a cordon. Below this the lower portion there are more oblique bands of dots reaching down to the base.

Site, Context and Associations

Recovered from a cairn of loose stones previously disturbed. The Cup contained wood ashes only and sat in ‘black greasy earth’.

Refs: Smith,1994,142.

454

171.West Ayton Moor Scarborough Museum Ref: 1938.892 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 5.0cms, Height 4.0cms, Base diameter 6.5cms

Fabric and Form

The Cup is made from an orange fabric which has been heat affected and discoloured grey and white in patches over most of the internal and external surface. The Cup is a contracted mouth form with but is also fenestrated with five windows cut into the Cup body. The rim is rounded but inturned with some slight restoration, the sides are splayed outwards towards to top of the Cup and there is a slightly concave base.

Classification – Type 3

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The decoration is all incised quite deeply, the upper portion has two encircling incised lines around the outer and inner diameter with short incised lines vertically in between these. The same motif is present around the top of the lower portion and above the window apertures. In between the windows there are panels of short incised lines in groups of four. In one panel the incised lines have oblique ones on either side. Below the windows there are two further horizontal incised lines encircling with short vertical lines in between in groups of four or five. The base is undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

None known.

Refs: None known.

455

172.Western Howes Central British Museum Ref: BM 1876,0410.33 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 5.0cms, Height 4.5cms , Base diameter 2.7cms irregular.

Fabric and Form This pot is a firing waster with substantial surface damage.It is a biconical Cup with spalls and pockmarks across all surfaces. The rim is upright and the base is slightly concave. The fabric is orange in colour, soft and has chalk and grog inclusions >5mm. There are no perforations.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

Undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

A round barrow with a central cairn surrounded by a series of flat slabs. This was a secondary deposit. Associations include a Collared Urn containing the Cup and a cremation deposit covered by a stone, another Collared Urn touching the first, a battle axe, a bone segmented toggle and four bone pins (lost).

Refs: Abercromby,1912,fig 299, Elgee,1930, 84,96, Longworth,1984, entry no. 1301-2.

456

Illustration of Western Howes Central Collared Urns and artefact associations.

Urns shown at a scale of 1:4, axe and toggle at 1:2.

457

173. Whitby Sheffield Museum Ref: J93. 830 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 9.5cms (est.), Height 8.5cms, Base diameter 7.5cms

Fabric and Form

The fabric is orange red in colour and in very poor condition with only 60% of the Cup present. The profile has slightly splayed sides reaching up to a (?) upright rim. The fabric is smooth in texture yet cracked, crazed and failing in many places. One small section of rounded upright rim survives to enable the height to be calculated. There are no perforations.

Classification – Type 4

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

Undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

None known.

Refs: None known.

458

174. Whitby British Museum Ref: BM 1885, 0721.8 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 5.0cms, Height 5.0cms, Base diameter 5.8 cms

Fabric and Form

A thick orange coloured well fired pot with grog (rare) and quartz inclusions moderate, >4mm. One external area close to the perforations has blackening, the base also has a black patch. The Cup is biconical with an inturned rim, the base is flat and there are four pairs of perforations below the carination.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The Cup is undecorated apart from the interior base surface which has incised lines, which may prove to be more recent.

Site, Context and Associations

None known.

Refs: Abercromby,1912, fig.295.

459

175.Whitby Nr. British Museum Ref: BM 1885, 0712.9 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 5.0cms, Height 4.2cms, Base diameter 7.0cms

Fabric and Form

This Cup is a small thumbpot made of a rich orange fabric which has grog, limestone and quartz inclusions > 5mm, moderate. The rim is upright and the base is flat and cracked but has some white residue adhering internally. There are no perforations.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim has some very abraded fingernail impressions in a band, externally the whole pot is decorated with coarse incised triangles, each filled with three incised lines.

Site, Context and Associations

None known.

Refs:

Elgee,1930,86 Longworth,1967, 111-122, no.9.

460

176.Whitby Nr. Sheffield Museum Ref: J93.885 Dimensions: Only 50% of this Cup is extant. Mouth diameter 6.5cms estimated, Height 4.2cms, Base diameter 6.2cms.

Fabric and Form

The fabric of this partial Cup is heavily abraded and damaged. Only 50% of the Cup is present and where the sherd breaks are the fabric is orange in colour and heavy with common grog and limestone inclusions >5mm. The Cup has a plain upright rim. There are no perforations present.

Classification – Type 4

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

Undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

Recovered from a barrow.

Refs: Howarth,1899,153.

461

177.Whitby Nr. Sheffield Museum Ref: J93.888 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 5.0cms, Height 5.5cms, Base diameter 5.8cms

Fabric and Form

The Cup is made from an orange coloured fabric which is heat damaged on both internal and external surfaces, with areas that are abraded, laminated and crazed. There is a black patch on the base of the interior and rare grog inclusions >5mm can be seen where the rim is abraded. The Cup has an upright flattened rim top, a rounded open Cup profile and a thick heavy base. There is some reconstruction on the rim.

Classification – Type 5

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

Undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

None known

Refs: Howarth,1899,153.

462

Yorkshire – South

178. Arksey Doncaster Museum Ref: DONM 1968.154 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 4.0cms, Height 4.2cms, Base diameter 4.5cms

Fabric and Form

The Cup is made from an orange coloured fabric which has cream and grey patches externally. The sand and grit inclusions which are common, > 2mm, give the fabric a roughened gritty texture and there is a stone inclusion in the base >3mm. The profile is biconical with a gently rounded shoulder and the rim is upright and rounded and partially absent (10%) .The base has a footring and there are no perforations.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim top is undecorated, on the rim exterior there are two horizontal encircling lines of twisted cord then below there are vertical lines of twisted cord that stop at the widest diameter. The carination then has two more horizontal encircling twisted cord lines which divide the upper and lower portion motifs. The lower portion has twisted cord diamonds which break down into triangles and the base portion has a repeat of two horizontal twisted cord lines.

Site, Context and Associations

The Cup was found during the digging of a drain, no interment or associations noted.

Refs: Manby,1974a, 34,fig 2.5, Manby,1986, 95, no.1.

463

179. Brodsworth Colliery Claypit Doncaster Museum Ref: DONM 1929.15 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 5.2cms, Height 6.5-7.0cms varying, Base diameter 4.6cms

Fabric and Form

The fabric is a deep red in colour with coarse gritty inclusions of sand and grog, rare, >3mm. The Cup has some restoration (35%) and cracks can be seen both externally and internally on the thick heavy fabric. The Cup is assymetrical in form and is a miniature Collared Urn.There are no perforations.

Classification – Type 2

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The collar is decorated externally with random fingernail impressions mostly at an oblique angle but also horizontally, rusticating the surface. The fingernail decoration extends below the collar but only minimally ( 3 or 4 could be seen) with the remainder of the pot undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

In a flat grave. A museum note states that the Cup was ‘found with other bone and pottery which has not survived into the present day’.

Refs: Manby,1974,33, Longworth,1984, entry no.1407.

464

180. Doncaster Doncaster Museum Ref: DONM 302X Dimensions: Mouth diameter 4.8cms, Height 3.5cms varying, Base diameter 4.6cms

Fabric and Form

The Cup is made from an orange fabric which has moderate sand and quartz inclusions with grog >3mm. There is a white residue apparent which is leaching from the fabric, particularly at the rim which has been abraded in parts. The form is a thumbpot with an upright simple rim slightly inturned , a gently rounded profile then a thick flat base which is gently concave underneath. There are no perforations.

Classification – Type 5

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The Cup at first glance appears to have no decoration however under good lighting, it can be seen to have a few small rows of pinpricks or comb impressions placed at an oblique angle. This motif only appears externally.

Site, Context and Associations

Found in a sand pit. Associations include a Collared Urn, a battle axe, and a bronze metal object (now missing), all covered with an earthern lid.

Refs: Manby,1974a, 29-31,Longworth,1984, entry no.1408.

465

Illustration of the Doncaster Cup and associated Collared Urn and battle axe. All shown at a scale of 1:2. Taken from Manby (1974a)

466

181.Sheffield Crookes Sheffield Museum Ref: J87.58 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 4.8cms, Height 5.0cms, Base diameter 4.0cms

Fabric and Form

The fabric is thick, heavy and rough in texture with inclusions breaking the external surface. The colour is orange brown with a grey/black patch on the base and base angle. Limestone and quartz inclusions are moderate, >5mm, and there is a prominent 6mm limestone inclusion present on the interior surface. The Cup is biconical with a rounded carination and the rim is bevelled internally but plain. There are two perforations positioned just above the carination and the base has a small footring.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

Undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

From a flat grave, the larger Collared Urn was upright containing the Cup and a cremation deposit, smaller, wider Collared Urn inverted over as a cover. Also associated was a tanged bronze knife or razor burnt and twisted.

Refs: Leader,1887, 390-1, Abercromby,1912, fig 84a, Longworth,1984, entry no. 1410-11.

467

Illustration of Sheffield Crookes Cup and associated Collared Urns, blade and flint arrowhead. Urns, blade and flint shown at a scale of 1:4, Cup 1:2.

468

Yorkshire - West

182. Bradford Chellow Heights Bradford Museums Ref: A58-36 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 5.0cms, Height 4.2cms, Base diameter 8.2cms

Fabric and Form

The fabric is orange in colour with small black/grey patches on the exterior. The external surface has a rough sandy texture, a horizontal crack and inclusions of sand, small stone and grog, rare, >3mm, the grog inclusion being visible in an area of rim abrasion. The Cup is 50% reconstructed and has an internal rim bevel and a flat base. There are no perforations.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The Cup is decorated externally with five bands of oblique herringbone and a band of pinpricks around the edge of the base which is not visible unless the Cup is inverted. The base is otherwise undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

None known.

Refs: None known.

469

183. Harden Moor Bradford Museums Ref: A16.68 Burial 6 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 7.2cms, Height 7.8cms irregular, Base diameter 5.0cms

Fabric and Form

The fabric is orange yellow in colour, thick and cracked with approximately 40% reconstruction. The Cup is a miniature Collared Urn with a deep collar dominating the gently carinated lower portion which has a flat base. There is some distortion and irregularity of form but this may be due to the reconstruction. There are no perforations. It was not possible to accurately determine any inclusions due to the presence of a white museum adhesive.

Classification – Type 2

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The collar has four or five twisted cord lines around the interior, two on the rim top and four on the external collar. The neck zone below the collar has been decorated but it is not clear if this is twisted cord herringbone oblique lines or a more intricate triangular motif. There are ? three twisted cord lines around the carination but the remainder of the Cup is undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

In the ring cairn cremation cemetery, found outside the eastern perimeter of the bank but predating it, with a cremation deposit of an adult male.

Refs: Boughey, 2010.

470

184. Hopton Moor Leeds Museum Discovery Centre Ref: LEEDM.D1964.0030 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 4.0cms, Height 3.5cms, Base diameter 5.8cms

Fabric and form

The fabric is yellow/ beige in colour and slightly roughened and gritty with (naturally occurring?) sand inclusions. The Cup is biconical with a rounded rim. There is some damage to the Cup on one side of the carination and this may be post depositional. Two perforations are positioned side by side on the carination. There are signs of a recent repair with adhesive visible on the interior.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative technique and motifs The rim has one band of fine twisted cord around the outside edge forming a border for the impressed twisted cord vertical chevrons which decorate the upper portion. This decoration is somewhat haphazard and breaks down losing its uniformity. Another two horizontally impressed twisted cord lines encircle the shoulder, from which oblique twisted cord lines run vertically down to the base. The base is decorated with impressed twisted cord cross- hatches which are encircled by one line of the same impressed twisted cord around the outer edge of the base.

Site, Context and Associations

None known.

Refs: None known.

471

185. Mitchell Laithes Wakefield Museum Ref: WAKGM: 2012.1/87/SFAA Dimensions: Mouth diameter 7.0cms, Height 6.8cms, Base diameter 4.8cms

Fabric and Form

The fabric is orange brown in colour with a slightly roughened texture in parts. The Cup is biconical with an upright rim that has an internal rim bevel. The profile has a pronounced lipped carination with the lower portion tapering sharply to a circular flat base. There is one pair of perforations set just below the carination and the Cup is damaged with an irregular shaped hole positioned in the lower portion. This does not appear to be a firing spall. Evidence of heat damage to this Cup is slight (no blackening) with a small spall to the upper portion external surface, however the base and lower portion has slight crazing to the fabric. Inclusions of sand, stone and one of grog can be seen >4mm, rare. Internally there is one irregular shaped void near the base, externally there is one linear shaped void on the rim and small irregular voids on the external base area.

Classification – Type1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim top and interior is undecorated then there are two lines of twisted cord encircling the rim exterior. Below this there is an undecorated zone until the motif repeats again with three lines of twisted cord above the carination and two just below the carination. The decoration around the carination and the profile gives the appearance of stitched leather. The lower portion is then undecorated until the base angle where there are two more twisted cord lines encircling. The base underneath has two concentric twisted cord lines around the outer edge.

472

Site, Context and Associations

The Cup was recovered from one of three rock cut small pits which may have been a flat grave cemetery. Associated with cremated female bone, adult aged 36+, 2 fragments of animal bone one from a pig, and a burnt flint.

Refs: Manby in Speed, 2013, In Press.

473

186. Stanbury Bradford Museums Ref: TBA Dimensions: Mouth diameter 4.5cms, Height 4.5cms, Base diameter 3.5cms, (all estimated, the Cup remained in a sealed case).

Fabric and Form

The fabric is mid brown in colour and is badly spalled on the external and internal surfaces and has a sharp carination and a flat base. There is an internal rim bevel and two perforations set below the carination. The surviving external surface areas that are not spalled are smooth in texture.The inclusions are sand and small grains of quartz >2mm and grog, rare.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim bevel is undecorated and there are three incised lines around the rim exterior with the remaining upper portion undecorated until three more incised lines closely but evenly spaced above the carination. The lower portion is undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

In a discrete pit found in a garden during landscaping, associations comprise three Collared Urns,(one inverted) a stone battle axe, a bone belt hook and pin, a pair of copper alloy earrings and a cremation deposit of a young male.

Refs: Richardson and Vyner, 2011, 49-63.

474

Illustration of the Stanbury Cup and associated Collared Urns.

Taken from Richardson and Vyner (2011).

475

Illustration of the Stanbury Cup associated artefacts.

Taken from Richardson and Vyner (2011).

476

187. Pule Hill, Marsden Huddersfield Tolson Museum Ref: KLMUS 16.58 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 5.1cms, Height 7.5cms, Base diameter 9.0cms

Fabric and Form

The fabric is thick, heavy and orange in colour but blackened by heat on one side from base angle to rim. This Cup is a firing waster but appears to have been a contracted mouth Cup. Grog and limestone inclusions can be seen, >4mm, rare, and the Cup is severely cracked right through the fabric on all surfaces and held together by glue. Large spalls can be seen on the external surface around the carination and on the base angle and under base areas and a large area of the Cup is absent. The original rim is only about 55% present but has an internal bevel. The soft rounded carination is more evident at one side than the other, the base is uneven and internally it has a circular upstanding area such as that seen on a saucer. Two perforations have been pushed in to the base from the outside in.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim bevel has one band of dots which are abraded but seem to have been applied using something organic such as a reed, grass or quill. Externally the rim area has three incised encircling lines, below this there are opposing triangles, some infilled with short incised lines, some not. The carination has three more incised encircling lines around it then the triangle motif is repeated on the lower portion down to the base which again, has three incised encircling lines around. Under the base there are two incised encircling lines which appear to break down, then within the centre there is a large incised many pointed star outline. The application of the decoration is fairly crude in appearance.

477

Site, Context and Associations

In a (?) flat grave cemetery containing rock cut cavities on a hilltop. The associations are unclear.

Refs: Manby,1969, 273-281.

478

188. Todmorden Blackheath Todmorden Library Cup 1A Ref: 1974.271/59 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 7.5cms, Height 7.5cms, Base diameter 5.0cms

Fabric and Form

The fabric has been well fired and is orange brown with paler patches of orange yellow. Inclusions of fine sand and quartz are visible > 1mm, rare. No residues or blackening visible, some minimal damage to the carination and a large area of renovation. The Cup is biconical with an upright rounded rim, some slight irregularity of the overall shape and one pair of perforations below the carination, 30mm apart.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim exterior has two horizontal encircling lines of fine twisted cord. Below this, the upper portion has twisted cord triangles infilled with twisted cord oblique lines left to right, right to left alternating in each triangle. The motif is bordered below by two horizontal encircling twisted cord lines just above the carination. The lower portion and base is undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

Found in a ring cairn cremation cemetery with a cremation deposit, a Collared Urn, a bronze knife with two rivets, a bronze awl, a bone pin, a grooved bone bead and a number of baked clay beads.

Refs: Lawson Russell,1906, 307-322, Longworth,1984, entry no.1607.

479

Illustration of theTodmorden Cup 1A and associated Collared Urn and artefacts. Collared Urn shown at a scale of 1:4, all other artefacts at 1:2.

480

Plan of Todmorden Blackheath cremation cemetery with location of Cups and Urns indicated. Taken from Lawson Russell (1906)

481

189. Todmorden Blackheath Todmorden Library Cup 3 Ref: 1974.271/58 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 5.5cms, Height 5.0cms, Base diameter 6.0cms

Fabric and Form

The fabric is thick, brown orange in colour with some blackening on the interior surface. There are sand inclusions >1mm, and some sparse grog and quartz visible >3mm. The Cup has a large firing spall which has resulted in approximately 40% of one side being absent. The base is also partially spalled. The rim is flattened but slightly inturned and the profile is Cup shaped with a flattened base. There are two perforations, one at the base angle, the other 5mm above the base. This Cup is a firing waster.

Classification – Type 5

Decorative techniques and motifs

The rim top has one line of stab impressions encircling, the exterior whole portion has eight horizontal encircling twisted cord lines.

Site, Context and Associations

This Cup was on its own within the cremation cemetery (see entry above).

Refs: Lawson Russell,1906, 307-322.

482

190. Todmorden Blackheath Todmorden Library Cup 6b Ref: 1974.271/64 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 6.0cms, Height 5.2cms, Base diameter 2.3cms

Fabric and Form

The Cup is biconical with a slightly inturned but rounded rim which is both irregular and abraded. The base is generally rounded. The fabric is pale orange, well fired and fine with sand inclusions >1mm. The interior of the Cup has been heavily varnished in the recent past. There are two perforations 5mm below the carination.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim exterior has two, possibly three horizontal encircling incised lines. The upper portion is decorated with very finely incised multiple interlocking chevrons with oblique opposing lines. Below this there are three horizontal encircling lines which may be either abraded twisted cord or incised, just above and on the carination. The bottom portion and base is undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

From a cremation cemetery; within a ring cairn. Associations comprise two Collared Urns; one being a covering vessel, the larger urn contained the Cup and an adult female cremation deposit, a bone pin and an amber and jet necklace (only one jet bead and one amber bead remains).

Refs: Lawson Russell,1906, 307-322, Longworth,1984, entry no.1610.

483

Illustration of the Todmorden Cup 6B and associated Collared Urns, (bone pin unavailable for study). All shown at a scale of 1:2.

484

191. Todmorden Blackheath Todmorden Library Cup 8 Ref: 1974.271/66 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 7.0cms, Height 6.5cms, Base diameter 3.5cms

Fabric and form

The fabric is pale orange with fine sand inclusions and has been heavily varnished on the interior. There is an area approximately 50x60mm which appears to be a large firing spall and a blackened area on the exterior.

The Cup is biconical with an upright, slightly irregular rounded rim which is abraded. There are two perforations, one lower than the other, 5mm and 7mm below the carination.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

There are three incised lines around the rim exterior and below this there are pendant triangles enclosing incised lines at an oblique angle, alternating left to right then right to left. Below, the motif is repeated but reversed leaving an undecorated zone between the triangles. The carination is bordered by three encircling horizontal incised lines and the lower portion is undecorated, as is the base.

Site, Context and Associations

On its own in the cremation cemetery; within the ring cairn.

Refs: Lawson Russell, 1906, 307-322.

485

192. Warley Tower Hill Huddersfield Tolson Museum Ref: AP234 Cup on loan from Calderdale Museums Dimensions: Mouth diameter 5.0 cms estimated, Height 3.6cm, Base diameter 5.0cms estimated

Fabric and Form

Only two large sherds of this Cup remain, the largest comprising of both a rim and base portion. The fabric is orange in colour, somewhat porous in texture with grog and limestone inclusions >3mm, rare. There some slight discolouration where the sherds have been glued together. The Cup is small with an estimated rim diameter of no more than 50mm and the rim is plain and upright in form. The profile of the Cup has a very slight carination at the widest diameter, and a wide flat base which is estimated to be not much less than the diameter of the rim. There is no evidence of any perforations.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The sherds are decorated externally with bands of twisted cord, applied horizontally. The impressions are less well defined on the lower portions of the Cup, possibly as the cord was becoming saturated with clay. There is no decoration evident on the rim or base or internal surface however these sherds are fairly abraded.

Site, Context and Associations

Cup from a ?flat cemetery, containing four urns and possible fragments of others found, one Collared Urn in association with the Cup, which had another (lost) Cup inverted over it and used as a cover along with a cremation deposit.

Refs: Gilks,1973, 176-8, Longworth, 1984, entry no. 1600.

486

Illustration of the Warley Cup and associated Collared Urn.

487

Cups with Lost Provenance

193. British Museum Ref: BM 1882, 3-23, 22 Dimensions: Only 40% of Cup present, Mouth diameter excluding rim 5.5cms, Height 3.2cms, Base diameter 4.4cms.

Fabric and Form

The fabric is dark orange in colour and thick, only 40% of the Cup is present but enough to identify it as a Type 5 with a thick base and an outwardly everted ‘pie crust’ rim. There are chalk inclusions rare, >1mm and the fabric displays firing damage evidenced by cracking and blackening on the base. There are no perforations.

Classification – Type 5

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim has fingernail impression in a band on the rim top. The remainder of the Cup is undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

None known.

Refs: None known.

488

194. York Museum Ref: YORYM: 1947.1038 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 7.8cms, Height 8.5cms, Base diameter 4.5cms

Fabric and Form

The Cup is heavily cracked and reconstructed, the surviving sherds are yellow brown in colour with a smooth texture. Limestone inclusions are rare> 2mm.There is blackening at the base and base angle. The form is a miniature tripartite Food Vessel. The rim is upright and the base is small in relation to the pot size.

Classification – Type 2

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim is decorated with short incised lines and these have been applied to the reconstruction therefore should not be taken as certain original decoration. The rim exterior and each carination has one band of short stab lines just above it, totalling four bands.The lower portion is undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

None known

Refs: None known.

489

195. York Museum Ref: YORYM: 1947.1158 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 4.9cms, Height 5.0-5.6cms varying, Base diameter 8.0cms.

Fabric and Form

The fabric is pale orange in colour with a smooth chalky texture.The Cup is 50% reconstructed and there are six large cracks from rim to the carination and base of the vessel. Chalk inclusions are present >2mm, sparse. The Cup is biconical with a thick, inturned rim bevel and a flat but irregular shaped base. There are no perforations.

Classifications – Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim has barely discernible triangles in one band around, then the external rim area has ? one band of triangles bordered below by a single incised line, below this there is finely incised lattice which covers most of the external surface before being bordered below by another incised line. The decoration is very fine and very faint in places.

Site, Context and Associations

None known.

Refs: None known.

490

196. York Museum Ref: YORYM: 1947.1159 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 5.0cms, Height 4.2cms, Base diameter 5.5cms

Fabric and Form The fabric is pale orange in colour and is soft with a smooth texture with inclusions of quartz and sand > 2mm, moderate. The Cup is blackened on the base internally and externally in patches on the body but not on the base. The Cup has an upright profile and a plain upright but abraded rim and a slightly convex base. There are no perforations.

Classification – Type 5

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The decoration of this Cup is so slight and abraded as to be almost indiscernible, however softly impressed bands of vertical twisted cord can be just seen and can also be felt as a slight corduroy effect. It is not possible to be certain where the twisted cord begins and ends.

Site, Context and Associations

None known.

Refs: None known.

491

197. York Museum Ref: YORYM: 1947.1160.1 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 5.2cms, Height 5.5cms, Base diameter 9.4cms

Fabric and Form

The fabric is pale orange in colour with angular quartz stones prominent within a sherd break at the rim >3mm, common. The Cup is 60% reconstructed (badly in white paste). One angular grog inclusion, 4mm, can be seen in the base interior. The fabric is thin and badly cracked, the rim is bevelled and the base is wide and flat. The Cup is badly burnt on the surviving portion and interior.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

It is not possible to determine any rim decoration as the rim is too abraded or reconstructed.Starting at the rim exterior there is one line of encircling twisted cord. Below this, there is one band of twisted cord oblique lines.Another twisted cord encircling line borders a band of oblique twisted cord lines, in the opposite direction to those above, this is repeated below in the opposite direction then two more bands of twisted cord triangles, each bordered by a twisted cord encircling line, with the final one around the base. There are six twisted cord encircling lines in total.

Site, Context and Associations

None known.

Refs: None known.

492

198. York Museum Ref: YORYM: 1947.1161 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 6.5cms, Height 4.8cms, Base diameter 5.5cms

Fabric and Form

The fabric is grey brown in colour and has a very high percentage of quartz, sand and stone inclusions >5mm, common. The texture is rough throughout with a number of angular inclusions breaking the surface. Voids are present on both surfaces with one interior void measuring 5mm and the whole of the lower interior surface is blackened. Externally there is a spall 10x15mm and further areas of grey and blackened patches.The Cup has splayed sides, a plain upright rim and a flat circular base.There are no perforations.

Classification – Type 4

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

Undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

None known.

Refs: None known.

493

199. York Museum Ref: YORYM: 1947.1162 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 6.8cms, Height 5.5cms, Base diameter 4.8cms

Fabric and Form

The Cup is made from a pale soft orange coloured fabric with large spalls, grey and brown in colour. There are two cracks in the base interior, voids on the external surface and one on the rim. The Cup is a firing waster. Quartz stone and chalk inclusions can be seen >4mm, sparse. There are two perforations in one pair, clay is displaced internally as the perforations have been pushed through the Cup from the outside and after the decorative motifs have been applied. The Cup is biconical with an uneven carination and the rim has an internal bevel.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim bevel has one band of impressed twisted cord triangles around, the rim exterior has opposing filled twisted cord triangles that reach down to the carination. This motif gives way to a band of dots around the carination.The lower portion appears undecorated however it is too badly spalled to be sure.

Site, Context and Associations

None known.

Refs: None known.

494

200. York Museum Ref: YORYM: 1947.1163 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 3.0cms, Height 4.8cms, Base diameter 3.8cms

Fabric and Form

The fabric is pale orange in colour and smooth with one quartz pebble breaking the external surface, 5mm. Other inclusions of chalk >1mm and grog >3mm rare, can be seen. Both internal and external surfaces have areas of blackening , and in one area the external surface of the fabric has been flattened and is heat crazed. The base has blackening. The Cup is slightly irregular in form with a rounded but inturned rim, a soft angular carination and a softly rounded base. There are no perforations.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

Undecorated

Site, Context and Associations

None known.

Refs: None known.

495

201. York Museum Ref: YORYM: 1947.1164 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 4.6cms, Height 4.4cms, Base diameter 5.0cms

Fabric and Form

The fabric is smooth textured externally and grey in colour with orange patches and some areas of blackening. The external surface has fine cracks, some small voids and one small area of base angle is spalled and blackened. Sand inclusions >2mm, common can be seen in a sherd break or spall on the rim. The Cup has an inturned rounded rim, convex sides and a flat base. There are no perforations.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

Undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

None known.

Refs: None known.

496

202. York Museum Ref: YORYM: 1947.1165 Dimensions; Mouth diameter 5.6cms, Height 4.0cms, Base diameter 4.2cms

Fabric and Form

The Cup is made form a deep orange brown coloured fabric which has a smooth texture externally.There is approximately 50% reconstruction and a section of rim sherd is missing. The sherd break reveals that the interior of the fabric is corky and crumbly in texture with small fragments of grog and organic inclusions present >2mm, sparse.One external void is 5mm in width. There are some dark patches on the Cup interior but this looks to be either a product of the reconstruction or depositional staining rather than burning. The Cup has splayed sides, an upright rounded rim and a flat base. There are no perforations.

Classification – Type 4

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

Undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

None known.

Refs: None known.

497

203. York Museum Ref: YORYM: 1947.1172 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 4.7cms, Height 3.5cms, Base diameter 6.4cms

Fabric and Form

The fabric is a thick, heavy well fired fabric, orange brown in colour with blackening to the base and sides. Grog inclusions are >2mm, sparse. This contracted mouth Cup has a rim bevel, a slight carination and a slightly rounded but generally flat base. There are no perforations.

Classification - Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

Undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

None known.

Refs: None known.

498

204. York Museum Ref: YORYM: 1947.1173 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 4.4cms, Height 4.6cms, Base diameter 2.8cms

Fabric and Form

The fabric is pale orange in colour ,very smooth in texture with tiny external voids present. The fabric has cream patches externally and chalk inclusions >2mm, sparse. The rim is abraded, generally bevelled inward but expanded outwards in places.The Cup is globular in form with a flat base.There is blackening on one external side from rim to base.There are no perforations.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

Undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

None known.

Refs: None known

499

205. York Museum Ref: YORYM: 1947.1176 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 5.4cms, Height 5.0cms, Base diameter 5.0cms

Fabric and Form

The fabric is dark brown, rough and heavily textured with lots of angular coarse quartz stone inclusions >6mm, common. The Cup is heavily reconstructed with a rounded and inturned rim, a soft carination and a spalled base. The remaining base is heavily blackened and there are black patches externally on the Cup.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

Undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

None known.

Refs: None known.

500

206. York Museum Ref: YORYM: 1947.1177 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 3.8cms, Height 3.4cms, Base diameter 3.0cms

Fabric and Form

The Cup has at least 50% reconstruction with only the base being original and this fabric is smooth in texture and orange in colour. Externally there are blackened and burnt areas. Inclusions of quartz, sand and stone are present, >2mm, common. The Cup is a small splayed wall vessel with a rounded upright rim and a flat base. There are no perforations.

Classification – Type 4

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

Undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

None known.

Refs: None known.

501

207. York Museum Ref: YORYM: 1947.1178 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 6.0cms, Surviving height 5.4cms, Base diameter 4.5cms

Fabric and Form

The fabric is orange in colour, porous, crumbly and pitted from being badly burnt. There is a large spall of the rim and upper portion which is partially absent. The fabric is laminated where the spall has allowed further abrasion and stone inclusions are prominent and common. This is a firing waster.The form is a biconical Cup with a ? rounded inturned rim and a rounded carination and a flat base. No perforations are present.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The decoration of the rim is unknown. The upper portion has a minimum of five horizontal twisted cord lines around the vessel then below this there are poorly executed twisted cord triangles which reach down to the base. The motif is fairly haphazard and breaks down. Under the base there are impressed randomly criss crossing twisted cord lines present.

Site, Context and Associations

None known.

Refs: None known.

502

208. York Museum Ref: YORYM: 1947.1179 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 2.0cms, Height 3.5cms, Base diameter 3.4cms

Fabric and Form

The Cup is a small biconical Cup made from a well fired hard fabric, orange brown in colour. Fine grog and sand inclusions are moderate, >2mm. One external grog inclusion can be seen, 5mm. There are some darker patches externally on the upper portion and rim area which is also pitted. The Cup has a rounded carination, a flat base and no perforations.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

Undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

None known.

Refs: None known.

503

209. York Museum Ref: YORYM: 1947.1180 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 3.4cms, Height 4.5cms, Base diameter 4.0cms

Fabric and Form

The Cup is made from a smooth textured fabric with small quartz stone inclusions >3mm, sparse. There are some cracks on the rim and some reconstruction. There are some grey patches and crazing on part of the external surface. The rim is inturned but flattened on the top and the sides are slightly splayed.

Classification – Type 4

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim has one band of fingernail impressions vertically around the rim from the centre outward, the external surface is also decorated with fingernail impressions which are random but generally vertically applied until the motif becomes horizontal for one band around the lower portion of the Cup.

Site, Context and Associations

None known.

Refs: None known.

504

210. York Museum Ref: YORYM: 1947.1181 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 3.8cms, Height 4.2cms, Base diameter 7.5cms

Fabric and Form

The fabric is red brown in colour with a large spall missing from the base. Quartz stone and grog inclusions are moderate, >4mm. One sherd has spalled off the external surface but is present, the freshly abraded area of the lower portion reveals organics within the fabric. A partial rim sherd is absent but the Cup has a rounded inturned rim, a soft carination and an uneven base.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative techniques and Motifs

The decoration consists of a band of oblique twisted cord impressed lines from the rim exterior reaching to the carination, then the band below is repeated in the opposite direction. This motif continues to produce four bands in total which produces a herringbone effect.

Site, Context and Associations

None known.

Refs: None known.

505

211. York Museum Ref: YORYM: 1947.1182 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 4.2cms, Height 4.5cms, Base diameter 6.5cms

Fabric and Form

The fabric is pale orange, well fired and smooth textured with small quartz stones prominent >2mm, sparse. There is one prominent inclusion externally, 5mm. The interior and most of the upper portion is blackened and there is a white patch to the base angle. The Cup has an inturned but rounded rim bevel, a soft carination and a flat base. There are no perforations.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

Undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

None known.

Refs: None known.

506

Cups not seen during the Study Cumbria

212. Coniston Banniside Moor

Dimensions: Mouth diameter 6.4cms, height 4.1cms, Base diameter 4.4cms

Fabric and Form

Biconical, unperforated

Classification – Type 1

Decorative Techniques and motifs

Undecorated

Site, Context and Associations

Found in the centre of a ring cairn in a hole with an upright Collared Urn which contained a cremation (? female), the Cup contained a cremation of a child 2-3 years. Fragments of the base of a second vessel and a piece of woollen ‘stuff’, both now lost.

Refs: Longworth,1984, entry no.197

507

213. Dean

Dimensions unknown.

Fabric and Form

Described as a biconical Cup possibly unperforated.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The Cup has two bands of incised herringbone, one band on upper portion, one on lower portion.

Site, Context and Associations

12+ Urns in individual stone cists, contained bones or ashes, inverted on a flat stone.

Refs: None Known

508

Co. Durham

214. Stonebridge Burial 2 British Museum Ref: WG2413

© Trustees of the British Museum Dimensions: Mouth diameter 6.4cms, Height 6.4cms, Base diameter 5.1cms

Fabric and Form

The Cup is a rounded biconical with a flat base and a slightly inturned bevelled rim. Unperforated.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

Undecorated.

Site, Context and Associations

Unknown context; the Cup was associated with a cremation deposit.

Refs: Kinnes and Longworth,1985, 133, no. UN6:1-3.

509

Derbyshire

215. Stanton Moor Ashmolean Museum Ref :1927- 2676

Dimensions: Mouth diameter 7.0cms, Height 6.1cms, Base diameter 4.8cms.

Illustration taken from Vine (1982)

Fabric and Form

A biconical Cup with triangular fenestration, 4 perforations in two sets, opposite on shoulder, internally bevelled rim, flat base.

Classification – Type 3

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

Taken from Vine (1982:234) ‘Cut out triangles on neck; diagonal lines between triangles, band of impressions from a reed or small bone above shoulder; 1 horizontal line below shoulder and two above the base, twisted cord horizontal line on bevel inside rim’.

Site, Context and Associations

The Cup was found inside a larger urn and with two other urns, now lost.

Refs: Vine,1982, 234, fig 617.

510

216. Stanton Moor Belvoir Castle ref: A18 Fenestrated Cup Classification – Type 3

No further details known.

511

217. Darley Dale, Stancliffe Hall Lost

Dimensions: Mouth diameter 7.6cms, Height 4.4cms, Base diameter not known.

Classification – Unknown.

Decorative Techniques and motifs

Fine twisted cord lines. Cup has a strap handle.

Site, Context and Associations

One Food Vessel and one or two flakes of flint and a portion of a flint knife

Refs: Jewitt, 1864, 201-6.

512

Lancashire

218.Astley Hall Farm, Chorley Location : Unknown Possibly a miniature Collared Urn, no illustration available.

Classification – Type 2

Excavated from a penannular ditched enclosure in 1963 by the Chorley Archaeological Society, found with two larger Collared Urns and four cremation deposits, Urn 1 containing an adult and possible 2nd remains of a younger person, Urn 2 was inverted in a pit 3m E of the first burial, outside of the earthwork and contained the remains of a child around 7 years. This burial also contained the miniature Collared Urn, fragments of a wooden bowl, three pieces of burnt flint and ‘possibly a bronze dagger’.

Refs: Barrowclough, 2008, 108-111.

513

219.Lancaster Lancaster Museum Ref: Unknown

Dimensions: Mouth diameter 7.1cms, Height 6.6cms, Base diameter 4.1cms

Fabric and Form

Very well fired with much grit.Reddish to greyish brown with darker tones round the rim, surface smoothed.One pair of perforations.

Classification – Unknown.

Decorative Techniques and moitfs

Incised lines, 7 lines horizontally around the rim exterior, then vertical lines reaching down to the carination, horizontal motif repeated to above the perforations, lower portion undecorated. Base decorated with incised reducing chevrons.

Site, Context and Associations

From a flat cremation cemetery.

Refs: Longworth,1967, 111-122, A4.

514

220.Lancaster Lancaster Museum Ref:Unknown

Dimensions: Mouth diameter 6.1cms, Height 4.8cms, Base diameter 5.1 cms

Fabric and Form

Biconical Cup, coarse well fired temper,with fine grit or sand.Greyish brown, surface slightly smoothed.No perforations and no decoration. Omphalos base?

Classification – Type 1

Site, Context and Associations

None known.

Refs: As above entry.

515

221. Carrier’s Croft, Pendleton Preston Museum of Lancashire Life Sherds only, no image available

Classification – Unknown

Site, Context and Associations

From a flat cemetery containing three Collared Urns with cremated remains. Urn 3 burial was associated with the Cup and also with five sherds of re-fired Beaker, a lozenge shaped bone button, four quartz crystals and a gold object described as a bead but on inspection appears to be a snipped piece of goldwork, possibly from a lunula.

Refs: Barrowclough, 2008, 117-119.

516

222. Wadsworth Moor British Museum Ref: BM 1898,1015.1 Dimensions: Height 6.5cms approx.

© Trustees of the British Museum Fabric and Form The Cup has an upright profile with an upright rounded rim. There are no perforations.

Classification – Type 2

Decorative Technique and Motifs

Decorated with two twisted cord lines around the rim top, one around the rim exterior, then vertical twisted cord lines reaching down to three horizontal twisted cord lines at the base angle.

Site, Context and Associations

From a barrow.

Refs: Abercromby,1912, fig.303.

517

Northumberland

223. Birtley (Nr.) Robin Hood’s Well Lost

Cup said to resemble a ‘salt cellar’.

Classification - Unknown

Refs: Hall,1877, 260.

518

224. Doddington British Museum Ref: BM1937, 12 -13.1

© Trustees of the British Museum Fabric and form

A biconical Cup with an internally bevelled rim. Unperforated.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim bevel has 2 encircling lines of twisted cord and the Cup is decorated externally with 10 horizontal lines of twisted cord.

Site, Context and Associations

Found in association with a barbed and tanged arrowhead.

Refs: Green,1971, 237-241.

519

225. Hepple 1 British Museum Ref: BM1879, 1209.1454 Also referred to as Rothbury or Fenton, Doddington

© Trustees of the British Museum Fabric and Form

The Cup is a small miniature Yorkshire Vase, with perforated stops, a flat rim top, a wide carination and lower portion that tapers to a footring base. There are two of four horizontally perforated lugs surviving.

Classification – Type 2

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The rim top has a band of herringbone twisted cord and one encircling twisted cord line around the rim top outer edge, Externally two bands of alternate twisted cord herringbone reach to the carination and are repeated below the carination. The lower portion to the base has vertical lines of twisted cord and the base has a twisted cord cross.

Site, Context and Associations

None known

Refs: Kinnes and Longworth,1985, 136, UN28:1.

520

226.Ord, Murton Location Unknown A biconical Cup.

Classification - Type 1

Refs: Gibson,1978, 91.

521

227. Pitland Hills Barrow 2 Location Unknown Diameter 7.6cms, Height 3.8cms

Fabric and Form

Dark grey fabric, undecorated, unperforated, sides said to be vertical, rounded off at the base.

Classification –? Type 2

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

Undecorated

Site, Context and Associations

A round barrow in a barrow cemetery. May have been the primary deposit. Cup found with a (?) Collared Urn containing the cremation deposit.

Refs: Hall, 1887, 258-261.

522

228. Plenmellor Common Possibly at Great North Museum Hancock Base 7cms.

Fabric and Form

Only lower portions surviving. The base is flat and the profile is an open Cup with an expanded rim top. Well fired very coarse paste, with grit. The Cup is brown with dark grey patches.

Classification - Unknown

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

Decorated with horizontal lines of twisted cord.

Site, Context and Associations

None known.

Refs: None known.

Said to have been curated by Black Gate Museum which is now closed and collections transferred to the Great North Museum Hancock.

523

Yorks- East

229. Garrowby Wold Hull and East Riding Museums Ref: 395 Sherd only

Fabric and Form

This Cup is described by Mortimer (1905:148) as being ‘oblong’ and it has been reproduced by Mortimer as an oval Cup. The Cup profile is upright with a flat rim top.

Classification – Type 2

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The sherd appears to be decorated using fingernail or cord/wool impressions set vertically around the Cup.

Site, Context and Associations

In a round barrow (C43) inhumation and cremation cemetery, the Cup is described as being among material containing multiple potsherds, animal bone, flint discs, knives and a flake saw, all collected from the old ground surface below mound material.

Mortimer,1905,148, fig. 395.

524

230. Wetwang Slack Driffield Museum Ref: Unknown From Barrow B - Grave 5

Dimensions: Mouth diameter 8.0cms varying to 8.6cms, Height 7.6cms, Base diameter 5.0cms

Taken from Dent (1979)

Fabric and Form

A small Food Vessel. Smooth reddish buff fabric, dark grey core with pieces of calcite grit. Chisel rim with and internal bevel decorated with short incised lines.

Classification – Type 2

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

Chisel rim with and internal bevel decorated with short incised lines. Exterior- triangular chip impressions in horizontal rows (Manby 1979: 33)

Site, Context and Associations

In a round barrow, a later insertion, the Cup was associated with a child Inhumation.

Refs: Manby,1979, 33- 36.

525

Plan showing location of Cup associated burial No.5 in Wetwang Slack barrow B

Taken from Dent (1979)

526

Yorks - North

231. Aldro Hull and East Riding Museums Ref: KINCM 1942.411 Barrow 116

Image © Hull and East Ridings Museums

Fabric and Form

Unknown fabric, the Cup is a miniature Food Vessel. The Cup lid has ? 4 perforations. The Cup carination has stops and grooves.

Classification – Type 2

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

Incised herringbone in two bands on the lid, outer edge of lid edge incised with two/three encircling lines, Cup has four incised encircling lines around the rim exterior followed below by two bands of incised herringbone.

Site, Context and Associations

The Cup was a solitary deposit on the edge of a round barrow which contained multiple inhumations.

Refs: Mortimer,1905, 55, fig.105.

527

232. Blansby Park, Pickering York Museum ref: YORYM: 1947.1094 Not found at YMT

528

233. East Ayton Osborn Lodge Scarborough Museum Ref: 748.38.2

Sherd only.

Height 5.3 cms

Fabric and Form

Unknown

Classification - Unknown

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

Undecorated

Site, Context and Associations

A round barrow, associations uncertain, may have been with sherds of a Collared Urn (Scarborough Museum Ref: 748.38.1).

Refs: Longworth,1984, entry no.1129.

529

234. Fylingdales Moor, Ravenhill Barrow Lost Dimensions: Unknown.

Taken from Smith (1994)

Fabric and Form

The Cup is biconical, has a flat topped contracted mouth and one pair of perforations.

Classification – Type 1

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

Three bands of twisted cord encircling the upper portion that surrounds the rim, above the carination twisted cord diamonds, below the carination undecorated until two twisted cord lines encircle the base angle.

Site, Context and Associations

A (?) round barrow; associated with a Collared Urn and cremation material found in the Cup.

Refs: Smith,1994,95, fig. 52.

530

235. Ganton British Museum Ref: BM1879, 1209.121a Cup, 121 Lid Brough III Barrow 21 Burial 8 Dimensions: Mouth diameter 8cms, Height 5.5cms, Base diameter 4.0cms

Images © Trustees of the British Museum

Fabric and Form Fabric- unknown, the Cup is a miniature Food Vessel with lid, the Cup rim is (?) flat and the Cup profile has two carinations. The lid has a truncated cone.

Classification – Type 2 Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The Cup is decorated with bands of alternating short incised lines creating a herringbone motif. The lid has two bands of dots around the outer edge, the same motif also reaches in bands to the central cone.

Site, Context and Associations

Burial 8 - a double inhumation of one adult male and one adolescent female placed in a hollow, forming a burial within a cemetery of other multiple inhumations in a round barrow. Another miniature Food Vessel Cup was present (see entry 121). A boars tusk lay close to the shoulder of th emale along with a small quartz pebble.

Refs: Greenwell,1877, 165, fig.77, Abercromby ,1912, no. 30, Kinnes and Longworth 1985, 37, 21:10&11.

531

236. Hawnby British Museum Ref: BM 1882, 3-23 22 Sherd only.

No image available.

Fabric and Form

Sherd from a flat based open Cup with slightly splayed sides.

Classification – Unknown

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

Rim has a band of fingernail impressions

Site, Context and Associations

None known.

Refs: None known.

532

237. Ingleby Greenhow Location possibly at Bowes Museum

Illustration taken from The Rydale Historian (1970) Fabric and Form The Cup has a very rounded biconical profile with a slightly bevelled rim and a small omphalos at the base. No perforations are recorded. The fabric is quoted as being well fired and light brown in colour with the surface smoothed (1970:19).

Classification –Type 1 Decorative Techniques and Motifs Incised filled pendant triangles around the rim bevel, incised triangles around the rim exterior bordered by an incised horizontal line. Below this a band of short diagonal lines, then latticework around the mid body of the Cup. A repeat of the triangles and short lines reach down toward the base, but stop short of the base. On the base an incised circular line and an indefinite pattern.

Site, Context and Associations In a barrow cemetery as a secondary deposit with a cremation (burial 2).

Refs: Ryedale Historian (1970) No. 5, 19, fig.3.2

533

238. Loftus Street House Location Unknown

Sherds only.

Fabric and Form

Cup no. 1 -Flat based Cup with two rounded carinations and a flat rim top.

Cup no. 2- A small rounded rim sherd

Classification Cup 1 – Type 2

Classification Cup 2- Unknown

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

Cup 1 is decorated with impressed dot triangles on the rim. The rim exterior has lines created out of three bands of dots vertically applied in a band around.

Site, Context and Associations

In a round barrow, possibly in hill wash or plough soil.

Refs: Vyner, 1984, 171 fig. 14.5/6

534

239. Staxton Beacon In Temporary Storage, Curated by Driffield Museum Burial 7

Taken from Manby (nd)

Fabric and Form

The Cup (assessed from a line drawing) has a slightly convex base, sides that are slightly splayed and have a slight rounded shoulder and reach a flat rim top. There are at least three perforations just above the carination and the fabric is described as being dense pale orange/buff exterior, dark greyish interior.

Classification – Type 2

Decorative Techniques and Motifs

The external surface is decorated with vertical bands of rounded blunt impressions reaching almost to the base angle. The rim bevel and exterior rim has smaller point impressions in a band.

Site, Context and Associations

Burial within a large inhumation barrow cemetery, Cup with 1 copper alloy awl and a jet ring interpreted from wear use as a pendant.

Refs: Manby, (nd).

535

240. Thornton in Craven- Rectory Allotment Lost Dimensions: Mouth diameter 9. 5cms, Height 8.2cms, Base diameter 14.7cms

Fabric and Form Fabric unknown, the Cup is biconcial with ? two perforations Classification – Type 1 Decorative Techniques and Motifs Undecorated Site, Context and Associations In a round cairn with encircling bank, containing a cremation cemetery, Cup found in a pit probably below outer bank, Collared Urn ‘probably ‘ associated with Cup which contained cremation of adult and child, a bone needle, plano-convex flint knife and scraper.

Refs: Longworth,1984, entry no.1292.

536

Appendix 6: Grave plans and Cup positions

Note: Most of the detail for the Cup in relation to the remains are either too vague, unspecific or have been omitted from the literature completely, therefore it is only possible to include those which provide contextual detail with certainty.

537

Appendix 6.1 Cup position with unburnt remains

Acklam Wold (91)

Taken from Mortimer (1905:88, fig.199)

Garton Slack (73)

Taken from Mortimer (1905:229, fig.40)

538

Garton Slack (74)

Taken from Mortimer (1905:259, fig.725)

Garton Slack (75)

Taken from Mortimer (1905:213)

539

Wetwang Slack (230)

Cup in front of the chest and inverted

Taken from Dent (1979)

540

Appendix 6.2 Cup position with burnt remains

541

542

543

544

545

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