The Latent Structure of Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia

Supplementary Online Content

Strauss GP, Nuñez A, Ahmed AO, et al. The latent structure of negative symptoms in schizophrenia. JAMA Psychiatry. Published online September 12, 2018. doi:10.1001/ jamapsychiatry.2018.2475

eTable 1. Confirmatory Factor Analysis Models for the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS)

eTable 2. Confirmatory Factor Analysis Models for the Brief Negative Symptom Scale (BNSS)

eTable 3. Confirmatory Factor Analysis Models for the Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS)

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eTable 1. Confirmatory Factor Analysis Models for the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) SANS Items and Domains Mean SD Range CFA Models UNI MAP/EXP Consensus Consensus HM 1st 2nd order order Anhedonia 15. Anhedonia 1.7 1.3 0-5 1 1 1 1 1 Asociality 14. Asociality 2.2 1.3 0-5 1 1 2 2 1 16. Decreased Sex. 2.7 1.7 0-5 1 1 2 2 1 Interest/Activity 17. Ability Feel 1.9 1.3 0-5 1 1 2 2 1 Intimacy/Closeness Avolition-Apathy 10. Grooming and 1.1 1.2 0-5 1 1 3 3 1 Hygiene 11. Current Role 3.6 1.6 0-5 1 1 3 3 1 Function - Level 12. Current Role 1.9 2.1 0-5 1 1 3 3 1 Function – Quality 13. Physical Anergia 2.4 1.4 0-5 1 1 3 3 1 Affective Flattening/Blunting 1. Unchanging Facial 2.0 1.4 0-5 1 2 4 4 2 Expression 2. Decreased Spont. 1.2 1.3 0-5 1 2 4 4 2 Movements 3. Paucity of Expressive 1.7 1.5 0-5 1 2 4 4 2 Gestures 4. Poor Eye Contact 1.1 1.2 0-5 1 2 4 4 2 5. Affective Non- 1.0 1.3 0-5 1 2 4 4 2 Responsivity 6. Lack of Vocal 1.5 1.4 0-5 1 2 4 4 2 Inflections Alogia Subscale 7. Poverty of Speech 1.2 1.3 0-5 1 2 5 5 2 8. Blocking 0.2 0.6 0-4 1 2 5 5 2 9. Increased Latency of 0.7 1.0 0-4 1 2 5 5 2 Response Note. UNI = unidimensional one-factor model, MAP/EXP = Motivation and Pleasure/Expression two-factor model, Consensus = Anhedonia, Asociality, Avolition, Blunted Affect and Alogia five- factor model, Consensus HM = hierarchical model with 5 first order consensus factors and 2 second order MAP/EXP factors. CFA = confirmatory factor analysis. Possible SANS item range = 0-5.

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eTable 2. Confirmatory Factor Analysis Models for the Brief Negative Symptom Scale (BNSS) BNSS Items and Domains Mean SD Range CFA Models UNI MAP/EXP Consensus Consensus HM 1st 2nd order order Anhedonia 1. Intensity of past-week 1.3 1.5 0-6 1 1 1 1 1 pleasure 2. Frequency of past- 2.0 1.7 0-6 1 1 1 1 1 week pleasure 3. Intensity of expected 1.2 1.4 0-6 1 1 1 1 1 pleasure Asociaility 5. Asociality behavior 2.0 1.6 0-6 1 1 2 2 1 6. Asociality internal 1.4 1.5 0-6 1 1 2 2 1 experience Avolition 7. Avolition behavior 2.1 1.6 0-6 1 1 3 3 1 8. Avoliton internal 1.6 1.7 0-6 1 1 3 3 1 experience Blunted Affect 9. Facial expression 2.0 1.8 0-6 1 2 4 4 2 10. Vocal expression 1.7 1.9 0-6 1 2 4 4 2 11. Expressive gestures 1.6 1.8 0-6 1 2 4 4 2 Alogia 12. Quality of speech 0.9 1.5 0-6 1 2 5 5 2 13. Spontaneous 1.1 1.7 0-6 1 2 5 5 2 elaboration Note. UNI = unidimensional one-factor model, MAP/EXP = Motivation and Pleasure/Expression two-factor model, Consensus = Anhedonia, Asociality, Avolition, Blunted Affect and Alogia five- factor model, Consensus HM = hierarchical model with 5 first order consensus factors and 2 second order MAP/EXP factors. CFA = confirmatory factor analysis. Possible BNSS item range = 0‐6.

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eTable 3. Confirmatory Factor Analysis Models for the Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS)

CAINS Items and Domains Mean SD Range CFA Models UNI MAP/EXP Consensus Consensus HM 1st 2nd order order Anhedonia 3. Freq. Social Activities- 1.7 1.4 0-4 1 1 1 1 1 Past Week 4. Freq. Expect. 2.1 1.3 0-4 1 1 1 1 1 Pleasure-Next Week 6. Freq. Expect. 3.3 1.1 0-4 1 1 1 1 1 Work/School-Next Week 8. Freq. Recreational- 1.6 1.1 0-4 1 1 1 1 1 Past Week 9. Freq. Exp. 1.5 1.3 0-4 1 1 1 1 1 Recreational-Next Week Asociality 1. Motivation for Close 1.5 1.3 0-4 1 1 2 2 1 Relationships 2. Motivation 1.7 1.2 0-4 1 1 2 2 1 Friend/Romantic Relation. Avolition 5. Motivation 2.6 1.4 0-4 1 1 3 3 1 Work/School Activities 7. Motivation for 1.6 1.2 0-4 1 1 3 3 1 Recreational Activities Blunted Affect 10. Facial Expression 1.5 1.2 0-4 1 2 4 4 2 11. Vocal Expression 1.1 1.1 0-4 1 2 4 4 2 12. Expressive Gestures 1.2 1.2 0-4 1 2 4 4 2 Alogia 13. Quantity of Speech 0.7 1.0 0-4 1 2 5 5 2 Note. UNI = unidimensional one-factor model, MAP/EXP = Motivation and Pleasure/Expression two-factor model, Consensus = Anhedonia, Asociality, Avolition, Blunted Affect and Alogia five- factor model, Consensus HM = hierarchical model with 5 first order consensus factors and 2 second order MAP/EXP factors. CFA = confirmatory factor analysis. Possible CAINS item range = 0-4.

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