Police Use of Force – a Contextual Study of 'Suicide by Cop'
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
2004: Volume 16
2 Journal on Firearms and Public Policy VOLUME 16 The Journal on Firearms and Public Policy is the official publication of the Center for the Study of Firearms and Public Policy of the Second Amendment Foundation. Editor Publisher David B. Kopel, J.D. Julianne Versnel Gottlieb Independence Institute Women & Guns Magazine Board of Advisors Randy E. Barnett, J.D. Edward F. Leddy, Ph.D. David Bordua, Ph.D. Andrew McClurg, J.D. David I. Caplan, Ph.D., J.D. Glenn Harlan Reynolds, J.D. Brendan Furnish, Ph.D. Joseph P. Tartaro Alan M. Gottlieb William Tonso, Ph.D. Don B. Kates, Jr., J.D. Eugene Volokh, J.D. Gary Kleck, Ph.D. James K. Whisker, Ph.D. Journal Policy The Second Amendment Foundation sponsors this journal to encourage objective research. The Foundation invites submission of research papers of scholarly quality from a variety of disciplines, regardless of whether their conclusions support the Foundation's positions on controversial issues. Manuscripts should be sent in duplicate to: Center for the Study on Firearms and Public Policy, a division of the Second Amendment Foundation, 12500 N.E. Tenth Place, Bellevue, Washington 98005 or sent via email to www.saf.org 3 This publication is copyrighted ©2004 by the Second Amendment Foundation. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means including information storage and retrieval systems without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. The Second Amendment Foundation is a non-profit educational foundation dedicated to promoting a better understanding of our Constitutional heritage to privately own and possess firearms. -
SUICIDE and FIRST RESPONDERS' ROLE
SUICIDE and FIRST RESPONDERS’ ROLE WHO ARE FIRST RESPONDERS? While this is true, it is important to consider that first responders also are used as a resource by and First responders, also known as first interveners, for people who are suffering emotional, mental include a variety of public officials who deal with health and substance abuse issues. emergency situations on a day-to-day basis. This Unfortunately, most first responders are not group includes, but is not limited to firefighters, specifically trained in the area of mental illness. police officers, EMTs, paramedics and emergency Many are unaware of the common warning signs department personnel. When calls or visits are of suicide and do not know the appropriate action made for individuals needing emergency to take when they encounter someone who is assistance, whether by that individual or on their exhibiting suicidal behavior. behalf, first responders are the first professionals to come into contact with the situation. First Being the first point of contact with individuals in responders uphold a duty to shield those in their emergency situations, first responders’ community from harm. knowledge and handling of emergency situations greatly influences the end result of these crises. In WHY THE ROLE OF FIRST RESPONDERS IS SO situations involving suicide, the end result is IMPORTANT ultimately fatal if not handled properly. First responders, with the appropriate knowledge and Situations that first responders encounter may be training, can save lives in suicidal situations. of suicidal nature, especially those that are mental health emergencies. The Illinois Violent Death PREVENTION/INTERVENTION STRATEGIES FOR FIRST Reporting System indicates 72 percent of Illinois RESPONDERS suicides occurred at the victim’s residence. -
Suicide by Cop: What Motivates Those Who Choose This Method? Ralph H
Cases That Test Your Skills Suicide by cop: What motivates those who choose this method? Ralph H. de Similien, MD, MS, MEd, and Adamma Okorafor, MD Mr. Z, age 25, has a history of suicidality. Recently he attempted How would you to provoke a police officer to shoot him, hoping to be killed in handle this case? Answer the challenge the process. How would you approach this ‘suicide by cop’? questions throughout this article CASE Unresponsive and suicidal Which characteristics increase the risk of Mr. Z, age 25, an unemployed immigrant “suicide by cop (SBC)”? from Eastern Europe, is found unrespon- a) male sex sive at a subway station. Workup in the b) previous suicide attempt emergency room reveals a positive urine c) untreated psychiatric disorders toxicology for benzodiazepines and a blood d) religiosity alcohol level of 101.6 mg/dL. When Mr. Z e) all of the above regains consciousness the next day, he says that he is suicidal. He recently broke up with his girlfriend and feels worthless, hope- The authors’ observations less, and depressed. As a suicide attempt, The means of suicide differ among indi- he took quetiapine and diazepam chased viduals. Some attempt suicide by them- with vodka. selves; others through the involuntary Mr. Z reports a history of suicide attempts. participation of others, such as the police. He says he has been suffering from depres- This is known as SBC. Other terms include sion most of his life and has been diagnosed “suicide by means of victim-precipitated with bipolar I disorder and borderline per- homicide,”1 “hetero-suicide,”2 “suicide by sonality disorder. -
A Template for the Investigation of Suicidal Behavior and Subject Precipitated Homicide
Volume 3, Number 1, March 2011 A Template for the Investigation of Suicidal Behavior And Subject Precipitated Homicide Thomas Streed, Ph.D.1 Abstract Suicide is the 11th leading cause of death among all Americans, the second leading cause of death among Americans ages 25-34, and the third leading cause of death among Americans ages 15 to 24.2 Over the past 30 years, researchers have created a number of mnemonics to aid in the identification and quick assessment of pre-suicidal individuals; however, these mnemonics have been limited in terms of their scope. While the 65-point mnemonic template, “S-U-I-CI-D-A-L,” developed by Forensic Consultation International (FCI) also describes criteria that aid in the recognition of an individual who is at risk of committing suicide, it further provides a template to aid in the determination of whether the mode of an undetermined death is consistent with a natural death, an accidental death, a suicide, a homicide, or must remain as undetermined. Additionally, the “S-U- I-CI-D-A-L” mnemonic provides a template for the investigation of Subject Precipitated Homicide (suicide-by-cop). Keywords: Psychological Autopsy; Self-destruction; Suicide; Suicide-by-cop; Police Shootings; Death Investigation. Overview National Vital Statistics Reports indicate that the number of deaths from all causes in the United States for 2008, which is the last year that statistics have been compiled in the U.S., was 2,472,699. Of these deaths, 35,933 were reported as suicides, which occurred at a 1 Dr. Streed is a retired Homicide Detective from the San Diego County Sherriff’s Department, He is also an internationally recognized behavioral scientist, who is the founder and owner of Forensic Consultation International, a privately held company that consults throughout the United States, Europe, Mexico, Central and South America regarding the investigation and analysis of criminal activity and violent behavior. -
Current Issues in Suicide Prevention
CURRENT ISSUES IN SUICIDE PREVENTION INTRODUCTION: THE REFORM OF MENTAL HEALTH To establish a context for consideration of current issues, it is important to recognise that current national mental health policy directions are changing and being reformed. The changes reflect a shift in philosophy and practice from the institutionalisation of people with mental health problems, towards a wider base of community understanding, responsibility and care. This shift can be represented in the following way: Institutional Post Institutional Hospital Community Segregation Integration Diagnosis Needs assessment Clinical leadership Consumer sovereignty Disciplines Partnerships Compliance Rights/relationships Custody Emancipation Chronicity/despair Recovery/hope Passive patient Informed consumer Hidden Recognised/supported There are necessarily complex practical and philosophical issues involved in such a directional shift. These include questions about discipline, boundaries and allegiances, competing values, the multiplicity of perceptions and interpretations, diversity of service types and number of agencies involved, ambiguity or absence of evidence, and hierarchical structures representing historical arrangements. In addition, successfully achieving reform in the ways outlined above is a costly and long term commitment – whereas the current system is predicated on concepts of brief intervention (adapted from Durrington, 2005). This paper addresses some contemporary suicide prevention issues, several of which have recently been the subject of intense public interest and media scrutiny. While there are a number of factors (such as mental health problems, social isolation and marginalisation) that are relatively constant in their impact upon suicide risk, there are other factors which are only now starting to make themselves known. The research evidence about many of these issues is inconclusive and in some instances highly contested. -
Mass Murderers: a Case Study Analysis of Social Media Influence and Copycat Suicide
Walden University ScholarWorks Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Collection 2020 Mass Murderers: A Case Study Analysis of Social Media Influence and Copycat Suicide Stephanie Ann McKay Walden University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations Part of the Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Collection at ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Walden University College of Social and Behavioral Sciences This is to certify that the doctoral dissertation by Stephanie McKay has been found to be complete and satisfactory in all respects, and that any and all revisions required by the review committee have been made. Review Committee Dr. Eric Hickey, Committee Chairperson, Psychology Faculty Dr. Jerrod Brown, Committee Member, Psychology Faculty Dr. Victoria Latifses, University Reviewer, Psychology Faculty Chief Academic Officer and Provost Sue Subocz, Ph.D. Walden University 2020 Abstract Mass Murderers: A Case Study Analysis of Social Media Influence and Copycat Suicide by Stephanie McKay MS, Walden University, 2012 BS, Francis Marion University, 1996 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Forensic Psychology Walden University May 2020 Abstract The frequency of mass murder has increased over the past decade, with nearly half of all mass murderers committing suicide. Previous researchers have found imitations of mass murderers which relate to suicide contagion, media contagion, and copycat effects; however, there remains a gap in the literature pertaining to the connection between copycat suicides of mass killers and the influence of social media. -
Thesis Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy
University of Bath PHD Working with disaster: Transforming experience into useful practice: How I used action research to guide my path while walking it Capewell, Elizabeth Ann Award date: 2004 Awarding institution: University of Bath Link to publication Alternative formats If you require this document in an alternative format, please contact: [email protected] General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 07. Oct. 2021 1 WORKING WITH DISASTER: TRANSFORMING EXPERIENCE INTO A USEFUL PRACTICE How I used action research to guide my path while walking it ELIZABETH ANN CAPEWELL A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Bath Centre for Action Research in Professional Practice School of Management December 2004 COPYRIGHT Attention is drawn to the fact that -
Suicide by Cop: a Secondary Analysis Using Open-Source News Data
Rochester Institute of Technology RIT Scholar Works Theses 12-17-2020 Suicide by Cop: A Secondary Analysis using Open-Source News Data McKayla Nolan Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.rit.edu/theses Recommended Citation Nolan, McKayla, "Suicide by Cop: A Secondary Analysis using Open-Source News Data" (2020). Thesis. Rochester Institute of Technology. Accessed from This Master's Project is brought to you for free and open access by RIT Scholar Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses by an authorized administrator of RIT Scholar Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Suicide by Cop: A Secondary Analysis using Open-Source News Data by McKayla Nolan A Capstone Project Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Criminal Justice Department of Criminal Justice College of Liberal Arts Rochester Institute of Technology Rochester, NY December 17, 2020 RIT Master of Science in Criminal Justice Graduate Capstone Approval Student: McKayla Nolan Graduate Capstone Title: Suicide by Cop: A Secondary Analysis using Open-Source News Data Graduate Capstone Advisor: Dr. Jason Scott Date: 2 Table of Contents Working Paper #1: An Overview of “Suicide by Cop”.… 4 Working Paper #2: Suicide by Cop and Police Officer Mental Health …19 Working Paper #3: Measuring Suicide by Cop with Open-Source Data…35 Working Paper #4: Suicide by Cop Data Analysis with Open-Source News Data…50 3 Working Paper #1: An Overview of “Suicide by Cop” McKayla Nolan Rochester Institute of Technology 4 Definition of SBC Suicide by cop (SBC) has recently become a known phenomenon in the United States, Canada, Australia and parts on the United Kingdom as another way to complete suicide (Patton & Fremouw,2015). -
Bds the First Forty Years 1963-2003
BDS THE FIRST FORTY YEARS 1963-2003 Four decades of work for the welfare of deer A Personal View and Memoir by Founder Member Peter Carne CHAPTERS 1. Why a British Deer Society? 2. The Deer Group 3. Birth of the BDS 4. Early days 5. Forging ahead 6. Onward and upward 7. Further Branch development 8. The Journal 9. Moving on 10. Spreading the load 11. Into the ‘70s 12. Celebrating a birthday 13. After the party 14. Growing pains 15. Going professional 16. Royal Patronage 17. Business as usual 18. So far so good 19. Into the 1980’s 20. Twenty years on 21. Ufton Nervet 22. Child-Beale 23. Happier times 24. The early 1990s 25. Our Fourth decade 26. Thirty years on 27. A new era 28. Changing times 29. A Company limited by Guarantee 30. 2000 not out! 31. All change! 32. Anniversary count down 33. Epilogue Appendix: Illustrations The British Deer Society accepts no responsibility for interpretations of fact or expressions of opinion in the accompanying text, which are entirely those of the author. Peter Carne has asserted his right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 to be identified as Author of this work. 2 1. Why a British Deer Society? THE FIRST HALF of the twentieth century was a dark age for British deer, in England especially. Two world wars and their aftermath saw the closure of very many ancient deer parks. Some were converted to farmland for wartime and post war food production. Others were requisitioned as sites for military camps or for other defence purposes. -
Death Certification of ''Suicide by Cop'
Death Certification of ‘‘Suicide by Cop’’ Item Type text; Electronic Thesis Authors Neitzel, Amber Rae Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the College of Medicine - Phoenix, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 23/09/2021 18:16:36 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/281777 Death Certification of ‘‘Suicide by Cop’’ A Thesis submitted to the University of Arizona College of Medicine -- Phoenix in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Medicine Amber Rae Neitzel Class of 2013 Mentor: James R. Gill, M.D. Acknowledgment We thank Charles S. Hirsch, M.D., Chief Medical Examiner of New York City, for his insights and a critical review of the manuscript. Abstract Death certification of ‘‘suicide by cop’’ is controversial among some medical examiners and coroners. We present five such deaths that were certified as suicides and discuss the medico- legal issues involved with these certifications. To certify such a death as a suicide, certain criteria should be met. Suicide by cop is a circumstance that involves competing intentional acts that may result in dichotomous determinations of the manner of death. Despite the absence of direct self-infliction, there is overwhelming evidence that these five individuals intended to end their own lives. Their use of an unusual method to accomplish this goal may inappropriately result in a reflexive certification of homicide. -
The Branch January 2020
Newsletter The Branch January 2020 LUDO GETS A WELL DESERVED‘GONG’ Ludo Macaulay honoured with the MBE The news that WRFA member, Ludo Macaulay, had been made a Member of the British Empire (MBE) in the Queen's New Year’s Honours List was greeted with great delight throughout this Association. Never has this award been more richly deserved and the short citation attached to the official announcement Ludwig Macaulay MBE mentions that the award has been made in recognition of the work Ludo has done for the Fire Fighters Charity and for other community service. Ludo will never be forgotten for being the man behind the foundation of the highly successful Three Peaks Challenge that provided a range of teams from all over the country and from many organisations the opportunity to pit themselves against each other in who could produce the fastest time in completing the climbing of Snowdon, Scafell Pike and Ben Nevis. The ‘Three Peaks’ ran for many years and was only ended in 2018. But Ludo ran with great competence and commitment other sporting events over a long period of time and I doubt that anyone can calculate the precise amount of sponsorship that brought cash into a great many charities. Throughout his service in Wiltshire Fire Brigade and for many years thereafter Ludo was a staunch supporter of the Fire Services Sports and Athletics Association and few can match his record of loyalty and service to the FSSAA. But Ludo’s service to the community, and particularly to young people, extended beyond the fire service. -
ASIC Gazette
Commonwealth of Australia Gazette No. UM4/11, Friday, 6 May 2011 Published by ASIC ASIC Gazette Contents Banking Act Unclaimed Money as at 31 December 2010 Specific disclaimer for Special Gazette relating to Banking Unclaimed Monies The information in this Gazette is provided by Authorised Deposit-taking Institutions to ASIC pursuant to the Banking Act (Commonwealth) 1959. The information is published by ASIC as supplied by the relevant Authorised Deposit-taking Institution and ASIC does not add to the information. ASIC does not verify or accept responsibility in respect of the accuracy, currency or completeness of the information, and, if there are any queries or enquiries, these should be made direct to the Authorised Deposit-taking Institution. RIGHTS OF REVIEW Persons affected by certain decisions made by ASIC under the Corporations Act 2001 and the other legislation administered by ASIC may have rights of review. ASIC has published Regulatory Guide 57 Notification of rights of review (RG57) and Information Sheet ASIC decisions – your rights (INFO 9) to assist you to determine whether you have a right of review. You can obtain a copy of these documents from the ASIC Digest, the ASIC website at www.asic.gov.au or from the Administrative Law Co-ordinator in the ASIC office with which you have been dealing. ISSN 1445-6060 (Online version) Available from www.asic.gov.au ISSN 1445-6079 (CD-ROM version) Email [email protected] © Commonwealth of Australia, 2010 This work is copyright. Apart from any use permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, all rights are reserved.