DOCSLIB.ORG

University of Huddersfield Repository

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
University of Huddersfield Repository University of Huddersfield Repository Muller, Andreas Karl Ewald The public voices of Daniel Defoe Original Citation Muller, Andreas Karl Ewald (2005) The public voices of Daniel Defoe. Doctoral thesis, University of Huddersfield. This version is available at http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/9142/ The University Repository is a digital collection of the research output of the University, available on Open Access. Copyright and Moral Rights for the items on this site are retained by the individual author and/or other copyright owners. Users may access full items free of charge; copies of full text items generally can be reproduced, displayed or performed and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided: • The authors, title and full bibliographic details is credited in any copy; • A hyperlink and/or URL is included for the original metadata page; and • The content is not changed in any way. For more information, including our policy and submission procedure, please contact the Repository Team at: [email protected]. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/ The Public Voices of Daniel Defoe by Andreas Karl Ewald Müller Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Huddersfield March 2005 Contents Page Acknowledgements i Note on text i Abstract ii Abbreviations iii Introduction 1 `Exchanging for Chapter I one Tyrant Three hundred' - Defoe 22 and the Standing Army Controversy, 1697-99' Chapter II `Old Britannia's Youthful Days': The True Born 70 Englishman and Country Whig Historiography' Chapter III `The Scepter of our Minds': Religious Dissent and 104 Jure Divino' Chapter IV `That his Conduct might be rectified': Jacobitism, 153 Social Unrest and The Family Instructor' Chapter V `One would have thought this had been an Irony': 202 The Whig Schism, Toland and Defoe' Conclusion 235 Bibliography 242 Acknowledgements There are many people and organisations who through their help, advice and criticism have enabled me to complete this thesis. Many thanks to: My supervisors Dr Philip Woodfine and Dr Glynis Ridley for their support, advice and criticism. Without their faith in my academic ability, this thesis might not have seen the light of day. The University of Huddersfield for the invaluable financial assistance it provided with a bursary. The Queen's University of Belfast and the University of Louisville for allowing Dr Ridley to continue the supervision of my thesis. My colleagues in the Department of Humanities, University College Worcester, for their moral support and academic advice (special thanks to Dr Mehreen Mirza). Staff within Huddersfield University library for obtaining photocopies of even the most obscure pamphlets. Staff within the Brotherton Library, University of Leeds, and the University Library, Birmingham, for their knowledgeable assistance. Particular thanks must go to my parents, Rudi and Karola Müller, for their financial and emotional support throughout my time as an undergraduate and postgraduate student. This dissertation is dedicated to them. Finally, but not last, thanks to my wife Tina and my son Ethan, who have put up with a whole range of Ph.D. induced mood swings, financial restrictions and hours of neglect. Note on Text Unless otherwise noted, the place of publication for primary sources is London. I have reproduced as faithfully as possible contemporary spelling and punctuation, but have used the intrusive [sic] as little as possible. I ask the reader to take on trust the fact that all vagaries of spelling are there in the original. Dates are given in the old style throughout but I have taken the year to begin on I January. Abstract This is a study of Daniel Defoe's political rhetoric and polemical strategies between the years 1697 and 1717. It explores and analyses a representative selection of what may be termed Defoe's `public voices'. In its broadest definition, these public voices are understood to be the opinions expressed and the rhetorical stances taken by Defoe in those pieces of his writing which directly or indirectly relate to the sphere of official, governmental and national discourse and activity. In the most basic sense, this thesis attempts to highlight and explain the way in which the language, imagery and concerns of Defoe's publications were shaped by the events and attitudes of the historical moment at which they were produced. In the process, this study re-situates, and thus necessarily re-evaluates, the voices and apparent meanings of some of Defoe's better known texts, while offering extensive investigations of the rhetorical strategies of publications which have previously been neglected by Defoe scholars. In the context of the above, an attempt is made to demonstratethat the poem The True-Born Englishman (1701) was not only a response to xenophobic sentiments prevalent in English society at the turn of the century but did, in fact, represent Defoe's final, summative contribution to the standing army controversy of the late 1690s. On a similar note, this thesis aims to show that the verse satire Jure Divino (1706) was the culmination of Defoe's involvement in the occasional conformity controversy of the early 1700s and constituted on important element of his campaign in favour of religious toleration. In addition, I argue that volume one of The Family Instructor (1715) was Defoe's response to the Jacobite-inspired unrest of the years 1714-15 and, as such, represented an important political act. Finally, this study offers an extensive investigation of one of Defoe's most problematic publications, An Argument Proving that the Design of Employing and Tnobling Foreigners, Is a Treasonable Conspiracy (1717). The pamphlet, I suggest, represented a highly ironic attack on one of Defoe's old adversaries, John Toland, and only develops its full rhetorical force if read in the context of the standing army controversy. 11 Abbreviations Backscheider Paula R. Backscheider, Daniel Defoe: His Life (Baltimore & London, 1989) Critical P.N. Furbank and W. R Owens, A Critical Bibliography of Bibliography Daniel Defoe (London, 1998) Dickinson H. T. Dickinson, Liberty and Property. Political Ideology in Eighteenth-Century Britain (London, 1977) Hatton Ragnhild Hatton, George I, Elector and King (New edition: New Haven & London, 2001) Harris Tim Harris, Politics under the later Stuarts: Party Conflict in a Divided Society 1660-1715 (London & New York, 1993) Holmes Geoffrey Holmes, British Politics in the Age of Anne (revised ed., London & Ronceverte, 1987) Horwitz Henry Horwitz, Parliament, Policy and Politics in the reign of William III (Manchester, 1977) Novak Maximillian E. Novak, Daniel Defoe: Master of Fictions (Oxford, 2001) Political & W. R. Owens & F.N. Furbank (eds) Political and Economic Economic Writings Writings of Daniel Defoe, Vols. 1-8 (London, 2000) Rose Craig Rose, England in the 1690s: Revolution, Religion and War (Malden, Mass. & Oxford, 1999) Satire W. R. Owens & F. N. Furbank (eds), Satire, Fantasy and Writings on the Supernatural, Vols. 1-8 (London, 2003-4) 111 Introduction This is a study of Daniel Defoe's political rhetoric and polemical strategies between the years 1697 and 1717. It explores and analyses a representative selection of what may be termed Defoe's `public voices'. In its broadest definition, these public voices are understood to be the opinions expressed and the rhetorical stances taken by Defoe in those pieces of his writing which directly or indirectly relate to the sphere of official, governmental and national discourse and activity. In the most basic sense, this thesis attempts to highlight and explain the way in which the language, imagery and concerns of Defoe's publications were shaped by the events and attitudes of the historical moment at which they were produced. In the process, this study re-situates, and thus necessarily re-evaluates, the voices and apparent meanings of some of Defoe's better known texts, while offering extensive investigations of the rhetorical strategies of publications which have previously been neglected by Defoe scholars. The origins of this thesis may be found in a notion voiced by Geoffrey Holmes, namely that `in the language of early-eighteenth-century politics are to be found some 1 of the most valuable clues to its character. ' Holmes' foregrounding of language offers the point of departure for the individual discussions contained in this study and it is with this emphasis in mind that Defoe's rhetorical and polemical practices are examined in order to offer an insight into the character of his political writings. Moreover, the general importance Holmes attaches to the manner in which politicians and commentators spoke and wrote about political issues and events is echoed in Defoe's own development as a writer. From a young age, the concept of manipulating language to achieve a specific rhetorical effect represented a dominant aspect of Defoe's Weltanschauung. One of the main features of the non-conformist education he received at Charles Morton's Newington Green Academy was a focus on the classical humanist practice of conducting debates by considering at least two divergent points of view on a particular topic. A passage in one of Defoe's late pieces describes how Morton's pupils were actively encouraged to develop the ability to Holmes, 13 2 articulate a range of public voices, providing them with `early practice in the 2 assumption of authorial masks' and convincingly relating entirely fabricated stories: [Morton] had a class for eloquence, and his pupils declaim'd weekly in the English tongue, made orations, and wrot [sic] epistles twice every week upon such subjects as he prescrib'd to them or upon such as they themselves chose to write upon. Sometimes they were ambassadors and agents abroad at foreign Courts, and wrote accounts of their negotiacions and recepcion [sic] in foreign Courts directed to the Secretary of State and some times to the Soveraign himself.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Robinson Crusoe
    READING GROUP GUIDE ROBINSON CRUSOE BY DANIEL DEFOE Restless Classics presents the Three-Hundredth Anniversary Edition of Robinson Crusoe, the classic Caribbean adventure story and foundatio- nal English novel, with new illustrations by Eko and an introduction by Jamaica Kincaid that recontextualizes the book for our globalized, post- colonial era. Three centuries after Daniel Defoe published Robinson Crusoe, this gripping tale of a castaway who spends thirty years on a remote tropical island near Trinidad, encountering cannibals, captives, and mutineers before being ultimately rescued, remains a classic of the adventure genre and is widely considered the first great English novel. But the book also has much to teach us, in retrospect, about entrenched attitudes of coloni- zers toward the colonized that still resound today. As celebrated Caribbean writer Jamaica Kincaid writes in her bold new introduction, “The vivid, vibrant, subtle, important role of the tale of Robinson Crusoe, with his triumph of individual resilience and ingenuity wrapped up in his European, which is to say white, identity, has played in the long, unin- BUY FROM RESTLESS terrupted literature of European conquest of the rest of the world must not be dismissed or Paperback List Price: $19.99 ignored or silenced.” ISBN: 9781632061195 Publication: 8/27/19 Daniel Defoe (c. 1660 - 1731) was an English writer, journalist, and spy, who gained 5.5” x 8.25” • 384 pages enduring fame for his novel Robinson Crusoe. Defoe is notable for being one of the earliest Fiction: Classics/ World Litera- ture / Caribbean/ Adventure/ practitioners of the novel and helped popularize the genre in Britain.
    [Show full text]
  • Jacobite Political Argument in England, 1714-1766
    JACOBITE POLITICAL ARGUMENT IN ENGLAND, 1714-1766 by Paul Chapman Gonville and Caius College November 1983 A dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of PhD in the University of Cambridge Paul Michael CHAPMAN Copyright © Paul Michael Chapman 1983 Second edition London: The Jacobite Studies Trust, 2013 [Please note that the pagination of this work differs slightly from the original of 1983, and reference should therefore be made to the second edition of 2013 in quotations giving page numbers. The original text has otherwise been preserved.] 1 Jacobite Political Argument in England, 1714-1766 By Paul Michael Chapman By the production of political propaganda Jacobites were able to reach Englishmen more directly than by plots and parliamentary opposition. The thesis demonstrates the need to reappraise assessments of the balance of political ideas current in England in the years immediately after the 1715 rebellion. Disproportionate attention has been accorded the small group of whig “Commonwealthsmen” or republicans, and the new “Country” opposition created by Lord Bolingbroke, with its famous literary coterie including pope, Swift, and Gay. The publications of these groups were outnumbered by Jacobite works. The Jacobite printer Nathaniel Mist produced a newspaper which, at least throughout the 1720s, was as popular as the most successful organs of these other opposition groups; neither could rival the flood of cheap Jacobite broadsheets and ballads which came onto the market between 1714 and 1724. Study of the arguments put forward to justify a Stuart restoration reveals the diversity of Jacobite support. A majority used the traditional tory tenets of non-resistance and hereditary right of succession in order to condemn the revolution of 1688.
    [Show full text]
  • Gaelic Scotland in the Colonial Imagination
    Gaelic Scotland in the Colonial Imagination Gaelic Scotland in the Colonial Imagination Anglophone Writing from 1600 to 1900 Silke Stroh northwestern university press evanston, illinois Northwestern University Press www .nupress.northwestern .edu Copyright © 2017 by Northwestern University Press. Published 2017. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data are available from the Library of Congress. Except where otherwise noted, this book is licensed under a Creative Commons At- tribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. In all cases attribution should include the following information: Stroh, Silke. Gaelic Scotland in the Colonial Imagination: Anglophone Writing from 1600 to 1900. Evanston, Ill.: Northwestern University Press, 2017. For permissions beyond the scope of this license, visit www.nupress.northwestern.edu An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libraries working with Knowledge Unlatched. KU is a collaborative initiative designed to make high-quality books open access for the public good. More information about the initiative and links to the open-access version can be found at www.knowledgeunlatched.org Contents Acknowledgments vii Introduction 3 Chapter 1 The Modern Nation- State and Its Others: Civilizing Missions at Home and Abroad, ca. 1600 to 1800 33 Chapter 2 Anglophone Literature of Civilization and the Hybridized Gaelic Subject: Martin Martin’s Travel Writings 77 Chapter 3 The Reemergence of the Primitive Other? Noble Savagery and the Romantic Age 113 Chapter 4 From Flirtations with Romantic Otherness to a More Integrated National Synthesis: “Gentleman Savages” in Walter Scott’s Novel Waverley 141 Chapter 5 Of Celts and Teutons: Racial Biology and Anti- Gaelic Discourse, ca.
    [Show full text]
  • John Darby and the Whig Canon
    JOHN DARBY AND THE WHIG CANON I A celebrated series of books by the English commonwealthmen of the seventeenth century was published between 1698 and 1700. The series included major editions of works by John Milton, Algernon Sidney, and James Harrington, and the civil war memoirs of Edmund Ludlow, Denzil Holles, John Berkeley, and Thomas Fairfax. Collectively these texts have become known as the ‘whig canon’.1 Over the following century this set of writings would profoundly shape the development of republican thought on both sides of the Atlantic.2 The texts of the whig canon would be cited approvingly by thinkers as diverse as Bolingbroke and the founding fathers of the American constitution.3 At their original moment of publication, however, the series was designed to bolster opposition to the consolidation of power by the court whigs under William III. By reasserting ‘true whig’ principles against the corruption of the apostates who made their peace with the court, these historic works were made to chime with the political challenges faced by the opposition in the present moment: attacking the maintenance of standing armies by the state, inveighing against priestcraft, and asserting the primacy of the ancient constitution. 1 Caroline Robbins, The eighteenth-century commonwealthman (Cambridge, MA, 1959), p. 32. 2 J. G. A. Pocock, ‘The varieties of whiggism from exclusion to reform: a history of ideology and discourse’, in Virtue, commerce, and history: essays on political thought and history, chiefly in the eighteenth century (Cambridge, 1985), pp. 215-310; Robbins, Commonwealthman; Blair Worden, Roundhead reputations: the English civil wars and the passions of posterity (London, 2001); Alan Craig Houston, Algernon Sidney and the republican heritage in England and America (Princeton, 1991).
    [Show full text]
  • A Colonial Scottish Jacobite Family
    A COLONIAL SCOTTISH JACOBITE FAMILY THE ESTABLISHMENT IN VIRGINIA OF A BRANCH OF THE HUM-ES of WEDDERBURN Illustrated by Letters and Other Contemporary Documents By EDGAR ERSKINE HUME M. .A... lL D .• LL. D .• Dr. P. H. Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland Member of the Virginia and Kentucky Historical Societies OLD DoKINION PREss RICHMOND, VIRGINIA 1931 COPYRIGHT 1931 BY EDGAR ERSKINE HUME .. :·, , . - ~-. ~ ,: ·\~ ·--~- .... ,.~ 11,i . - .. ~ . ARMS OF HUME OF WEDDERBURN (Painted by Mr. Graham Johnston, Heraldic Artist to the Lyon Office). The arms are thus recorded in the Public ReJ?:ister of all Arms and Bearings in Scotland (Court of the Lord Lyon King of Arms) : Quarterly, first and fourth, Vert a lion rampant Argent, armed and langued Gules, for Hume; second Argent, three papingoes Vert, beaked and membered Gules, for Pepdie of Dunglass; third Argent, a cross enirrailed Azure for Sinclair of H erdmanston and Polwarth. Crest: A uni­ corn's head and neck couped Argent, collared with an open crown, horned and maned Or. Mottoes: Above the crest: Remember; below the shield: True to the End. Supporters: Two falcons proper. DEDICATED To MY PARENTS E. E. H., 1844-1911 AND M. S. H., 1858-1915 "My fathers that name have revered on a throne; My fathers have fallen to right it. Those fathers would scorn their degenerate son, That name should he scoffingly slight it . " -BORNS. CONTENTS PAGE Preface . 7 Arrival of Jacobite Prisoners in Virginia, 1716.......... 9 The Jacobite Rising of 1715. 10 Fate of the Captured Jacobites. 16 Trial and Conviction of Sir George Hume of Wedder- burn, Baronet .
    [Show full text]
  • The Complexities of Whig and Tory Anti-Catholicism in Late Seventeenth-Century England
    THE COMPLEXITIES OF WHIG AND TORY ANTI-CATHOLICISM IN LATE SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY ENGLAND By Matthew L. Levine, B.A. Misericordia University A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in History to the Office of Graduate and Extended Studies of East Stroudsburg University of Pennsylvania December 14, 2019 ABSTRACT A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in History to the Office of Graduate and Extended Studies of East Stroudsburg University of Pennsylvania Student’s Name: Matthew Levine Title: The Complexities of Whig and Tory Anti-Catholicism in Late Seventeenth-Century England Date of Graduation: December 14, 2019 Thesis Chair: Christopher Dudley, Ph.D. Thesis Member: Shannon Frystak, Ph.D. Abstract The purpose of my research is to analyze anti-Catholicism in late seventeenth-century England in order to comprehend how complex it was. I analyzed primary (published) sources such as dialogues, diaries, histories, letters, pamphlets, royal proclamations, and sermons to get my results. Based on this research, I argue that Whiggish anti-Catholicism remained mostly static over time, while the Toryish variant changed in four different ways; this reflected each party’s different approach to anti-Catholicism. The Whigs focused on Francophobia, the threat that Catholicism posed to Protestant liberties, and toleration of all Protestants, while the Tories focused on loyalty to Anglicanism and the threat that Catholics and Dissenters posed to Anglicanism. While the Whigs did not change with different contexts, the Tories did so four times. The significance is that, while the core principles might have remained fairly static, the presentation and impact of those ideas changed with different circumstances.
    [Show full text]
  • Documents Click Here & Upgrade Expanded Features PDF Unlimited Pages Completedocuments
    Click Here & Upgrade Expanded Features PDF Unlimited Pages CompleteDocuments Click Here & Upgrade Expanded Features PDF Unlimited Pages CompleteDocuments “THE FATE OF THIS POOR WOMAN”: MEN, WOMEN, AND INTERSUBJECTIVITY IN MOLL FLANDERS AND ROXANA A dissertation submitted to Kent State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Peter Christian Marbais May, 2005 Click Here & Upgrade Expanded Features PDF Unlimited Pages CompleteDocuments Click Here & Upgrade Expanded Features PDF Unlimited Pages CompleteDocuments Dissertation written by Peter Christian Marbais B.A., Ohio Wesleyan University, 1995 M.A., Kent State University, 1998 Ph.D., Kent State University, 2005 Approved by Vera J. Camden, Professor of English, Chair, Doctoral Dissertation Committee Donald M. Hassler, Professor of English, Members, Doctoral Dissertation Committee Thomas J. Hines, Emeritus Professor of English Ute J. Dymon, Professor of Geography Accepted by Ronald J. Corthell, Chair, Department of English Darrell Turnidge, Dean, College of Arts and Sciences ii Click Here & Upgrade Expanded Features PDF Unlimited Pages CompleteDocuments Click Here & Upgrade Expanded Features PDF Unlimited Pages CompleteDocuments TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS…………………………………….…………………….........iv CHAPTER INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………..……….1 I. DEFOE AND FATE…………………...………………………………………25 II. DEFOE’S WOMEN IN THE MYTHOS OF FATE AND INTERSUBJECTIVITY……………………………..………………...…….77 III. MUTUAL RECOGNITION WITHIN THE FATAL MATRIX AND BETWEEN
    [Show full text]
  • The Burney Newspapers at the British Library
    Gale Primary Sources Start at the source. The Burney Newspapers at the British Library Moira Goff British Library Various source media, 17th and 18th Century Burney Newspapers Collection EMPOWER™ RESEARCH The collection widely known as the Burney Newspapers Extent of the Collection is now kept among the British Library’s extensive Following their acquisition by the British Museum holdings of early printed books at St Pancras, London. Library, Burney’s newspapers were amalgamated with At its heart is the library of the Reverend Dr Charles others already in the collection (including some once Burney, acquired by the British Museum following his belonging to Sir Hans Sloane, on whose library the death in 1817. The Burney Newspapers comprise the British Museum had been founded in 1753). Burney had most comprehensive collection of early English arranged his collection of newspapers not by title but newspapers anywhere in the world, providing an by date—which presumably helped his own research, unparalleled resource for students and researchers. but made access difficult for later users. As such, the Newspapers are among the most ephemeral issues of a number of different newspapers for a productions of the printing press, and digitisation particular date were grouped together, and were reveals the immense range of this unique collection, usually bound in annual volumes. Later in the 18th while making its content fully accessible for the first century, when many newspapers were being published time. simultaneously, several volumes were needed to cover a single year. However, some issues were arranged by title and then by date within the annual volumes.
    [Show full text]
  • Justin Champion - 9781526137630 Downloaded from Manchesterhive.Com at 09/27/2021 04:08:11AM Via Free Access Republican Learning
    Justin Champion - 9781526137630 Downloaded from manchesterhive.com at 09/27/2021 04:08:11AM via free access Republican learning . i Justin Champion - 9781526137630 Downloaded from manchesterhive.com at 09/27/2021 04:08:11AM via free access MUP/Champion/Prelims 1 27/2/03, 10:06 am Contents Politics, culture and society in early modern Britain General editors professor ann hughes dr anthony milton professor peter lake This important series publishes monographs that take a fresh and challenging look at the interactions between politics, culture and society in Britain between 1500 and the mid-eighteenth century. It counteracts the fragmentation of current historiography through encouraging a variety of approaches which attempt to redefine the political, social and cultural worlds, and to explore their interconnection in a flexible and creative fashion. All the volumes in the series question and transcend traditional inter- disciplinary boundaries, such as those between political history and literary studies, social history and divinity, urban history and anthropology. They contribute to a broader understanding of crucial developments in early modern Britain. Already published in the series Leicester and the Court: essays on Elizabethan politics simon adams Ambition and failure in Stuart England: the career of John, first Viscount Scudamore ian atherton The idea of property in seventeenth-century England: tithes and the individual laura brace Betting on lives: the culture of life insurance in England, 1695–1775 geoffrey clark Home divisions: aristocracy, the state and provincial conflict thomas cogswell A religion of the world: the defence of the reformation in the reign of Edward VI catharine davies Cromwell’s major-generals: godly government during the English Revolution christopher durston Urbane and rustic England: cultural ties and social spheres in the provinces, 1660–1780 carl b.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Download
    INDIANA MAGAZINE OF HISTORY Yolume XLIV JUNE, 1948 Xumber 2 British Public Opinion and the Rupture of Anglo-Swedish Relations in 1717 John J. Murray* Drums pealed and trumpets sounded. Before the gate of St. James’s and at four other places in the city of London, it was announced “that the High and Mighty Prince George, Elector of Brunswick-Lunenburg, is now, by the Death of our Late Sovereign, of Happy Memory, become our Only Lawful and Rightful Liege Lord, George, by the Grace of God, King of Great Britain.”l The crowds in the city and in other parts of England appeared happy at the news and were relieved that the Protestant succession had been accomplished without bloodshed. At York, Lady Mary Wortley Montagu listened to the proclamation and saw the event welcomed with “ringing of bells, bonfires, and illuminations ; the mob crying, Liberty and property! and Long live King George!”2 On that day of August 1, 1714, a new era of English history began which was to have vast constitutional and political results at home and marked diplomatic repercussions abroad. George I as an elector of the Empire shared the expan- sionist ideas of petty eighteenth-century German princes. For scme time he had toyed with the possibility of adding the Swe- dish possessions of Bremen and Verden to his electoral do- mains. Charles XI1 of Sweden, engaged in the Great North- ern War, a titanic struggle which since 1700 had pitted him ~- *Dr. John J. Murray is an assistant rofessor of history at In- diana University, Bloomington, Indiana.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 John Tutchin's Observator, Comment Serials And
    John Tutchin’s Observator, comment serials and the “rage of party” in Britain, 1678-c.1730 Running head. Comment serials, 1678-c.1730. Word count. 9999 words (including notes). Abstract. The prominence of print in the “rage of party” of late seventeenth and early eighteenth century Britain is well known, but scholars have paid insufficient attention to the press phenomenon that provided the most persistent and undiluted partisan voices of their day, the comment serial. Comment serials – regular printed publications designed specifically to present topical analysis, opinion and advice – could be fashioned into more powerful partisan weapons for combat in “paper wars” than other forms of topical print, especially pamphlets and newspapers, due to their regularity and flexibility. Although many publications have been individually recognised as comment serials, such as Roger L’Estrange’s Observator (1681-87), Daniel Defoe’s Review (1704-13) and Jonathan Swift and others’ Examiner (1710-14), their development as a distinct phenomenon has not been properly understood. They first appeared during the Succession Crisis (1678-82) and proliferated especially under Queen Anne (1702-14). Through their widespread consumption, both direct and indirect, they shaped partisan culture in various ways, including by reinforcing and galvanising partisan identities, by facilitating the development of partisan “reading communities”, and by manifesting and representing party divisions in public. This article focuses on John Tutchin’s Observator (1702-12) as a case study of a major comment serial. “[I]f… I should be so Fortunate as to meet you in any Publick Place, Coffee-House, or Tavern, I would Divert my self in breaking your Head”.1 So wrote one correspondent to John Tutchin in 1703, and 1 Observator, 2.9.
    [Show full text]
  • Liberty and American Experience in the Eighteenth Century [2006]
    The Online Library of Liberty A Project Of Liberty Fund, Inc. David Womersely, Liberty and American Experience in the Eighteenth Century [2006] The Online Library Of Liberty This E-Book (PDF format) is published by Liberty Fund, Inc., a private, non-profit, educational foundation established in 1960 to encourage study of the ideal of a society of free and responsible individuals. 2010 was the 50th anniversary year of the founding of Liberty Fund. It is part of the Online Library of Liberty web site http://oll.libertyfund.org, which was established in 2004 in order to further the educational goals of Liberty Fund, Inc. To find out more about the author or title, to use the site's powerful search engine, to see other titles in other formats (HTML, facsimile PDF), or to make use of the hundreds of essays, educational aids, and study guides, please visit the OLL web site. This title is also part of the Portable Library of Liberty DVD which contains over 1,000 books and quotes about liberty and power, and is available free of charge upon request. The cuneiform inscription that appears in the logo and serves as a design element in all Liberty Fund books and web sites is the earliest-known written appearance of the word “freedom” (amagi), or “liberty.” It is taken from a clay document written about 2300 B.C. in the Sumerian city-state of Lagash, in present day Iraq. To find out more about Liberty Fund, Inc., or the Online Library of Liberty Project, please contact the Director at [email protected].
    [Show full text]