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<I>Monodonta Labio</I>

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<I>Monodonta Labio</I> BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, 68(1): 27–36, 2001 GROWTH OF THE INTERTIDAL SNAIL, MONODONTA LABIO (GASTROPODA, PROSOBRANCHIA) ON THE PACIFIC COAST OF CENTRAL JAPAN Akiko Iijima ABSTRACT Growth of the trochid snail Monodonta labio was investigated by individual marking on a Pacific coast rocky shore of Honshu, central Japan. Growth rates of small sized M. labio were greater during summer to fall than during winter. However, the growth of large sized M. labio did not fluctuate all year round. Estimated growth curves were gained from growth data of monthly recaptured M. labio. From the estimated growth curves it was showed that newly recruited M. labio (1.6 mm in shell height) grew 10.3 mm at 1 yr after recruitment, 16.7 mm after 2 yrs, 20.2 mm after 3 yrs, 22.6 mm after 4 yrs, 24.4 mm after 5 yrs and reached the maximum size at the study shore of 25.0 mm after 5 yrs 2 mo. Monodonta labio is a common trochid snail which inhabits rocky-boulder or boulder shores of Japan, Korea and the southern part of China. Growth of M. labio have been studied in Hakata (Sumikawa, 1955) and in Shima Peninsula (Nakano and Nagoshi, 1981, 1984) in Japan (Fig. 1) by using cohort analysis. Although cohort analysis is a convenient method to study about growth, overlap of different cohorts in frequency histograms make it difficult to monitor the growth of each cohort especially in the older age classes (Nakaoka, 1992). Furthermore, growth of each individual can not be followed by this method. The mark-recapture method is reliable to estimate molluscan growth (Hughes and Roberts, 1980; Phillips, 1981; Wada et al., 1983; Fletcher, 1984; Chow, 1987; Katoh, 1989; Bowl- ing, 1994). Takada (1995) shows the growth pattern of M. labio by mark-recapture at a boulder shore in Amakusa (Fig. 1), but variation of the growth rate among individuals was not clear in this study because the recapture rates were low (highest is 4.3% during 2 mo). In contrast, recapture rates of M. labio in Kominato (Fig. 1) were high (12.0–67.4 % during 1 mo)(Iijima and Furota, 1996). In the present study, I analyzed the growth rate of individuals of M. labio by the mark-recapture method in Kominato and (1) growth curve of this species is proposed and compared with previous results, and (2) the variation of individual growth is analyzed. METHODS The monitoring of M. labio growth was conducted on a rocky-boulder shore at Uchiura Cove, Kominato, Boso Peninsula, central Honshu (35o7'N, 140o10'E) from April 1990 to April 1991. The study area was protected from human disturbances such as fishing and harvesting of shellfish. The shore is comprised of a mosaic distribution of bed-rock and boulder areas (Fig. 1). MARKING METHOD.—Individuals for marking were collected using four quadrats (50 cm × 50 cm) in the boulder area and the bed-rock (7 m2): All individuals with shell height (SH) larger than 4.0 mm were captured monthly during the spring low tide, marked with three or four colored dots on the outer lip of the shell using paint-markers (Mitsubishi Pencil Co.) to identify individual speci- mens. The colored dots were then coated with instant glue to preserve the marking (Takada, 1995). Then, their SH were measured to nearest 0.1 mm with hand calipers and they were released at the site of collection. 27 28 BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, VOL. 68, NO. 1, 2001 Figure 1. Location of study sites used for determining growth of Monodonta labio and the present study shore. Straight lines indicate a concrete dike. Arrows show the first release areas. IIJIMA: GROWTH OF MONODONTA LABIO 29 Table 1. Parameters of regression (µ = a × mx) and coefficient of determination (r), calculated from the shell height at recapture (see text for the formula). Maximum and minimum shell height at recapture are listed. Neo. of snails Recaptur r)a)(SE me(SE Size rang rate (%) (mm) Rdeleased R.ecapture M.in Max 1.990 Apr −M1ay 148 58259. 0).72 0).433 (0.086 08.862 (0.013 42. 17. May−J1,0une 072 307 307. 0).64 0).597 (0.058 00.833 (0.007 59. 21. June−J1,6uly 128 263 159. 0).70 1).036 (0.089 00.784 (0.010 57. 20. July−A0ug. 718 114 128. 0).75 1).839 (0.135 06.734 (0.015 59. 18. Aug.−S3ep. 783 80102. 0).64 0).827 (0.185 08.799 (0.018 65. 20. Sep.−O4ct. 599 185 226. 0).66 1).034 (0.136 04.779 (0.014 59. 15. Oct.−N5ov. 830 391 398. 0).33 0).558 (0.162 01.810 (0.017 55. 18. Nov.−D8ec. 386 244 607. 0).62 0).720 (0.109 00.819 (0.010 66. 21. Dec.−J2an. 833 187 240. 0).53 0).434 (0.103 06.845 (0.012 48. 16. 1.991 Jan −F5eb. 230 85400. 0).09 0).281 (0.441 01.873 (0.048 78. 15. Feb.−M5ar. 677 393 409. 0).38 0).241 (0.099 02.863 (0.010 40. 20. Mar.−A5pr. 874 309 467. 0).32 0).213 (0.107 02.849 (0.012 42. 18. Recapture and Growth Measurements.—The area depicted in Figure 1 was surveyed thoroughly twice a month during April to October, 1990 and once a month during November, 1990 to April, 1991, in spring low tide and marked individuals were recovered. The SHs were measured as above and then individuals were released at the site where they were recaptured. Individual growth rates (µ) of the recaptured snails were estimated using the equation µ=∆XX⋅()30 T , where T is the time (d) from the last release to recapture, X the SH at the last release, ∆X the increment in SH during the period T. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The number of recaptured snails after 1 mo at liberty ranged from 54 to 397 and the recapture/release ratio ranged 12.0 to 67.4% (Table 1). Individual growth rates are plotted against SH at release for May–June, July–August, September–October and December– January samples (Fig. 2). Trends are apparent that smaller snails showed higher growth rates than larger individuals. In order to assess seasonal change in growth rates, the snails were grouped into six size groups and mean growth rates for each category were plotted against time (Fig. 3). Growth rates for smaller individuals less than 9.9 mm in SH showed seasonal changes with higher values in the summer. However, seasonal trends for large snails more than 10.0 mm in SH were not apparent. M. labio more than 10.0 mm matured and reproduced during early summer to autumn in Kominato (Iijima, in prep.). Matured M. labio may allocate energy to reproduction during summer, breeding season, instead of shell growth (Wright and Hartnoll, 1981; Stoeckmann and Garton, 1997). Individual growth rates varied greatly even in a fixed size category and period (Fig. 2, Table 2). SD values of the growth rate showed tendencies that high values were observed 30 BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, VOL. 68, NO. 1, 2001 Figure 2. Relationships between the released size and the growth rate of marked Monodonta labio. Figure 3. Seasonal change of mean growth rates of marked Monodonta labio classified into 6 size groups: ● 4.0–5.9 mm; Ț 6.0–7.9 mm; ▲ 8.0–9.9 mm; ̅ 10.0–11.9 mm; ■ 12.0–13.9 mm; 14.0– 15.9 mm. Individuals more than 16.0 mm were omitted because of small numbers sampled (n < 10). IIJIMA: GROWTH OF MONODONTA LABIO 31 Table 2. Variation of growth rates of marked Monodonta labio which were divided into size classes by size in release. Size at release MDean SnS.D/Mea M.in Mnax (mm) May−June 44.0−5.9 08.25 07.08 07.34 05.06 06.67 12 64.0−7.9 06.18 04.05 09.30 08.05 04.37 1 84.0−9.9 01.12 00.04 00.33 08.00 02.19 3 120.0−11.9 04.09 07.02 01.25 03.04 04.12 2 172.0−13.9 05.06 09.02 02.36 01.02 00.10 2 124.0−15.9 03.04 08.02 07.53 01.00 03.08 1 116.0−17.9 02.03 00.01 08.37 00.01 01.06 1 July−Aug 41.0−5.9 06.31 02.06 02.21 06.17 06.45 1 62.0−7.9 01.22 04.06 09.27 03.10 03.37 5 80.0−9.9 00.14 03.04 04.28 04.06 07.21 3 100.0−11.9 07.06 01.02 01.45 03.01 01.11 2 Sep−Oct 41.0−5.9 03.33 09.07 00.21 02.19 09.45 2 64.0−7.9 02.19 05.03 01.16 03.12 06.23 1 84.0−9.9 06.11 06.03 09.31 01.02 02.21 5 140.0−11.9 09.07 09.03 00.52 05.00 03.22 4 172.0−13.9 00.04 01.02 06.42 03.01 03.08 1 Dec−Jan 42.0−5.9 05.17 08.05 08.31 07.11 03.32 1 61.0−7.9 00.13 06.03 03.22 01.05 00.20 8 87.0−9.9 09.10 09.01 07.17 04.06 03.15 5 170.0−11.9 00.07 03.01 05.12 07.06 01.09 1 132.0−13.9 01.06 00.01 06.17 04.04 02.08 1 in the small size class, 4.0–5.9 mm, and in warm seasons.
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